198 lines
17 KiB
XML
198 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.925.39691" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bd72aac6-9c05-4ca2-bfc8-dbf5dc462aa4" ID-PMC="PMC7160194" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-925-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DCC1953545B9557EA73102AE6D25711F" ID-PubMed="32317852" ID-ZooBank="BB966609087849A1B13C138C2495E6B7" ModsDocID="1313-2970-925-1" checkinTime="1586365656080" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Maddison, Wayne P., Maddison, David R., Derkarabetian, Shahan & Hedin, Marshal" docDate="2020" docId="76CB4AB216AC5804AD071211A59B74C5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 925: 1-54" docOrigin="ZooKeys 925" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.925.39691" docTitle="Attulus (Attulus) sylvestris , restored (removed from synonymy with S. floricola" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="DCC1953545B9557EA73102AE6D25711F" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="DCC1953545B9557EA73102AE6D25711F" masterDocTitle="Sitticine jumping spiders: phylogeny, classification, and chromosomes (Araneae, Salticidae, Sitticini)" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168695961" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sitticine jumping spiders: phylogeny, classification, and chromosomes (Araneae, Salticidae, Sitticini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maddison, Wayne P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departments of Zoology and Botany and Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, V 6 T 1 Z 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4953-4575</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wmaddisn@mail.ubc.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maddison, David R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-3824</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Derkarabetian, Shahan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA & Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-9277</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hedin, Marshal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>925</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>54</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.925.39691</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.925.39691</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-925-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">BB966609087849A1B13C138C2495E6B7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">DCC1953545B9557EA73102AE6D25711F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163540037" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:76CB4AB216AC5804AD071211A59B74C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/76CB4AB216AC5804AD071211A59B74C5" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="76CB4AB2-16AC-5804-AD07-1211A59B74C5" authority="(Emerton, 1891), restored (removed from synonymy with S. floricola)" authorityName=", restored (removed from synonymy with S. floricola" baseAuthorityName="Emerton" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Attulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attulus (Attulus) sylvestris" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris" subGenus="Attulus">Attulus (Attulus) sylvestris (Emerton, 1891), restored (removed from synonymy with S. floricola)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 31–38" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 31 - 38. Attulus subgenus Attulus, continued (floricola group) 31, 32 Attulus sylvestris: 31 male, Ontario, Ottawa 32 male, Maryland, Dorchester Co 33 - 35 A. floricola: 33 male, Ontario, Port Cunnington 34 male, Ontario (46.9300, - 79.7268) 35 male, Ontario, Gravenhurst 36 - 38 A. inexpectus: 36, 37 male, Tuva (50.6690, 92.9844) 38 female, Tuva (51.316, 94.495). For additional images of the floricola group, see Figs 49 - 58." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figures31-38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397985" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 31</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 31–38" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 31 - 38. Attulus subgenus Attulus, continued (floricola group) 31, 32 Attulus sylvestris: 31 male, Ontario, Ottawa 32 male, Maryland, Dorchester Co 33 - 35 A. floricola: 33 male, Ontario, Port Cunnington 34 male, Ontario (46.9300, - 79.7268) 35 male, Ontario, Gravenhurst 36 - 38 A. inexpectus: 36, 37 male, Tuva (50.6690, 92.9844) 38 female, Tuva (51.316, 94.495). For additional images of the floricola group, see Figs 49 - 58." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figures31-38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397985" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 32</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–68" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 49 - 68. Sitticines of Canada: Attulus subgenus Attulus (for A. ammophilus, see Figs 69 - 73) 49 - 53 Attulus floricola: 49 palp (Ontario, Gravenhurst) 50, 51 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, Gravenhurst) 52 male (Ontario, 46.9300, - 79.7268) 53 female (Ontario, 46.9300, - 79.7268) 54 - 58 Attulus sylvestris: 54 palp (Ontario, Ottawa) 55, 56 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, Ottawa) 57 male (California, 36.3646, - 121.5544) 58 female (Ontario, 42.55, - 80.13) 59 - 63 Attulus striatus: 59 palp (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 60, 61 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 62 male (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 63 female (New Hampshire, Ponemah Bog) 64 - 68 Attulus cutleri: 64 palp (Northwest Territories, Wrigley) 65, 66 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Northwest Territories, Wrigley) 67 male (Northwest Territories, Inuvik) 68 female (Yukon, 67.57, - 139.67). For habitus of other Attulus species, see Figs 15 - 38." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figures49-68" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 54-58</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Salticidae" genus="Attus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attus sylvestris" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Attus sylvestris</taxonomicName>
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Emerton, 1891 (Holotype male in MCZ from Beverly, Massachusetts, examined).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Chamberlin & Ivie" authorityYear="1944" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Sitticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sitticus magnus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">Sitticus magnus</taxonomicName>
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Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944, syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="C.L.Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Sitticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sitticus rupicola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicola">Sitticus rupicola</taxonomicName>
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-
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Prószyński">Proszynski</normalizedToken>
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, 1980, figs 58, 59 (misidentification), specimen from Texas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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A widespread but little-known Nearctic species,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. sylvestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be found on partially shaded ground where the males stand out for their tiny bouncing bright white spots (the white tuft of setae on the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="palp’s">palp's</normalizedToken>
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tibia). We have found them on rocks and leaf litter along a forest edge in Ontario, on the ground at the edge of a creek in a forest in California, and on forest leaf litter in Maryland. See discussion under
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. floricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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about why we judge
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. sylvestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to be the proper name of this species, at issue because of confusion over the type specimens of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peckham & Peckham" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Attus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attus palustris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Attus palustris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Both males and females have shorter legs and less contrasting markings than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. floricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but the distinction of markings is most notable in the male, which lacks the high-contrast white stripes on dark brown seen in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. floricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The white setae on the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="male’s">male's</normalizedToken>
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palp are concentrated on just the tibia and end of the femur. The bulb of the palp is rotated slightly more than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. floricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and thus the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="spermophore’s">spermophore's</normalizedToken>
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path shows an upturn (i.e., the loop is angled to point distally instead of basally as in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">floricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="female’s">female's</normalizedToken>
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copulatory ducts arrive further to the posterior before looping back anteriorly to enter the spermathecae. In these regards the genitalia resemble those of the Eurasian
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. rupicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rupicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. rupicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. caricis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caricis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. caricis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. inexpectus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="inexpectus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. inexpectus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Logunov and Kronsestedt 1997).
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<taxonomicName authorityName=", restored (removed from synonymy with S. floricola" baseAuthorityName="Emerton" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Attulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attulus sylvestris" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Attulus sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is most similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. caricis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caricis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. caricis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in appearance (low-contrast brown markings), in having a small loop of the copulatory duct, and small body size, but differs in brighter markings on the palp, a more anteriorly-placed junction where the ducts enter the spermatheca, a larger epigynal RTA coupling pocket, and a more distinctly swollen bulb of the spermatheca. (They are also distinct on the COI tree, Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 104" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 104. Relationships among Attulus floricola mitochondrial COI sequences in the context of the floricola group. Specimens in bold had their relationships constrained by the UCE phylogeny of Fig. 48; not shown are the relationships outside the floricola group, which are fixed to match the UCE phylogeny. The placement of non-bold specimens on this constrained skeletal tree was inferred by maximum likelihood (RAxML, codon positions as separate partitions)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397991" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">104</figureCitation>
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.) The synonymy of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="magnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="magnus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">magnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be determined by its original description and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Prószyński’s">Proszynski's</normalizedToken>
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(1980) excellent drawing of the vulva of the holotype female. The female from Texas tentatively identified by
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Prószyński">Proszynski</normalizedToken>
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(1980: 15, figs 58, 59) as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rupicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rupicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. rupicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is considered here to be
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. sylvestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on his clear drawings showing the loop of the copulatory duct slightly bigger than typical, but not reaching nearly as far to the posterior as in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rupicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rupicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. rupicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(all in UBC-SEM except as indicated): Canada: Ontario: Ottawa, Britannia Bay,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="45.374" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="45.374">45.374</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="75.796" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-75.796">-75.796</geoCoordinate>
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(26 males, 3 females), Long Point, 42.53, -80.12 (2 females); U.S.A.: Maryland: Dorchester Co. (1 male 1 female, MCZ); Colorado: Morgan Co., Fort Morgan (1 female); California: Smith Redwoods State Reserve (1 male),
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<geoCoordinate degrees="36.3907" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.3907">36.3907</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="121.5951" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-121.5951">-121.5951</geoCoordinate>
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(2 females),
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<geoCoordinate degrees="36.3742" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.3742">36.3742</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="121.5614" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-121.5614">-121.5614</geoCoordinate>
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(1 male, 4 females).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |