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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445" ID-GBIF-Dataset="871ae7d8-51c7-4943-a73c-b7aa0ca4708c" ID-PMC="PMC8671718" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-186-53" ID-Pensoft-UUID="62318F6AE546549DB8D2528CC2A0CCF4" ID-PubMed="34975275" ModsDocID="1314-2003-186-53" checkinTime="1638850649788" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Carvalho-Sobrinho, Jefferson, Yoshikawa, Vania Nobuko &amp; Dorr, Laurence J." docDate="2021" docId="1558AE75D14F558298DB63BAC8219C51" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 186: 53-72" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 186" docPubDate="2021-12-06" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445" docTitle="Pachira humilis Spruce ex Decne., Ann. Gen. Hort. 23: 52. 1881? 1880" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="62318F6AE546549DB8D2528CC2A0CCF4" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="62318F6AE546549DB8D2528CC2A0CCF4" masterDocTitle="Notes on Brazilian Pachira (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) II: Additional typifications and new synonymies" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1668140540311" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Notes on Brazilian Pachira (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) II: Additional typifications and new synonymies</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Carvalho-Sobrinho, Jefferson</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3605-0707</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Vale do Sao Francisco - UNIVASF, Colegiado de Ciencias Biologicas, Petrolina, Pernambuco, 56300 - 990, Brazil &amp; Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Departamento de Ciencias Florestais, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171 - 900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jef.sobrinho@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yoshikawa, Vania Nobuko</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes - UMC, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biotecnologia, Mogi das Cruzes, Sao Paulo, 08780 - 911, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dorr, Laurence J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7157-363X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, MRC- 166, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-12-06</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>186</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>53</mods:start>
<mods:end>72</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-186-53</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">62318F6AE546549DB8D2528CC2A0CCF4</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191162278" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1558AE75D14F558298DB63BAC8219C51" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1558AE75D14F558298DB63BAC8219C51" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName LSID="1558AE75-D14F-5582-98DB-63BAC8219C51" authority="Spruce ex Decne., Ann. Gen. Hort. 23: 52. 1881? [1880]." authorityName="Spruce ex Decne., Ann. Gen. Hort. 23: 52. 1881?" authorityYear="1880" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira humilis" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">
Pachira humilis Spruce ex Decne., Ann.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gén">Gen</normalizedToken>
. Hort. 23: 52. 1881? [1880].
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bombax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bombax humilis" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">Bombax humilis</taxonomicName>
(Spruce ex Decne.) K. Schum., in Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(3): 224. 1886.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Rhodognaphalopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhodognaphalopsis humilis" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">Rhodognaphalopsis humilis</taxonomicName>
(Spruce ex Decne.) A. Robyns, Bull. Jard. Bot.
<normalizedToken originalValue="État">Etat</normalizedToken>
Bruxelles 33: 294. 1963.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pochota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pochota humilis" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">Pochota humilis</taxonomicName>
(Spruce ex Decne.) Steyerm. &amp; W.D. Stevens, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: 397. 1988.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spruce ex Decne., Ann. Gen. Hort. 23: 52. 1881?" authorityYear="1880" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira humilis" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">Pachira humilis</taxonomicName>
Spruce ex Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 108. 1862, nom. nud.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1853-11" collectingDateMax="1854-11" collectingDateMin="1853-11" collectorName="R. Spruce" country="Venezuela" location="San Carlos" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry name="Venezuela">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
, [prope]
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1558AE75D14F558298DB63BAC8219C51:DC3A163E99BC73A7BB0C0AD54A61C693" country="Venezuela" name="San Carlos" stateProvince="Amazonas">San Carlos</location>
, [ad Rio Negro],
<collectingDate value="1853-11">Nov 1853</collectingDate>
(lf, fl),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName>R. Spruce</collectorName>
3135
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
, as
<normalizedToken originalValue="“holotypus,”">
&quot;
<typeStatus>holotypus</typeStatus>
,&quot;
</normalizedToken>
designated by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" author="Robyns, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 315" refId="B27" refString="Robyns, A, 1963. Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s.l. (Bombacaceae). Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 33: 1 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" title="Essai de monographie du genre Bombax L. s. l. (Bombacaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667210" volume="33" year="1963">Robyns 1963</bibRefCitation>
, p. 296): K barcode 000382334 [handwritten label]; isolectotypes: BM barcode 000645664 [1853-54], BR barcode 0000006961398 [1853-54], E barcode 00285199 [1853-54; handwritten label], F barcode F0052164F [s.d.; fragment], GH barcode 00071941 [s.d.], LD barcode 730579 [1853-54], NY barcode 00133523 [1853-54], P barcode 02285964 [locality illegible;
<collectingDate value="1854-11">Nov 1854</collectingDate>
(sic)], S-PLE-E4502 n.v., TCD barcode 0000900 [1853-54], W barcode 18890017581 [1853-54; handwritten label], W barcode 18890123939 [1853-54; handwritten label]
</materialsCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
A collection, &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spruce ex Decne., Ann. Gen. Hort. 23: 52. 1881?" authorityYear="1880" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira humilis" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">Pachira humilis</taxonomicName>
, Spruce,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Mss.</emphasis>
(exsicc. 3135),&quot; is cited in the protologue, but
<bibRefCitation author="Decaisne, J" journalOrPublisher="Annales Generales d'Horticulture" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="43 - 52" refId="B12" refString="Decaisne, J, 1881.) [1880] Examen des especes des genres Bombax et Pachira. Flores des Serres et des Jardins de l'Europe. Annales Generales d'Horticulture 23: 43 - 52" title=") [1880] Examen des especes des genres Bombax et Pachira. Flores des Serres et des Jardins de l'Europe." volume="23" year="1881">Decaisne (1881)</bibRefCitation>
gives no explicit indication as to where he examined material. The description of this species (and others in the same article) ends with the phrase &quot;H. Mus. Par.&quot; Presumably this is a reference to material in the herbarium and not the gardens (
<normalizedToken originalValue="“hortus”">&quot;hortus&quot;</normalizedToken>
) in Paris since Ch.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rivière">Riviere</normalizedToken>
, Director of the Jardin du Hamma in Algeria is acknowledged by Decaisne for providing him with fresh flowers and fruit of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
The synonymy and authorship of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spruce ex Decne., Ann. Gen. Hort. 23: 52. 1881?" authorityYear="1880" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira humilis" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira humilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Spruce ex Decne. have been confused because of the mistaken belief that
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1862.tb01219.x" author="Bentham, G" journalOrPublisher="Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="97 - 123" refId="B2" refString="Bentham, G, 1862. Notes on Malvaceae and Sterculiaceae. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Botany 6: 97 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1862.tb01219.x" title="Notes on Malvaceae and Sterculiaceae. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1862.tb01219.x" volume="6" year="1862">Bentham (1862)</bibRefCitation>
transferred the species to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Bombax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bombax" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Bombax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Bentham cited the unpublished name &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spruce ex Decne., Ann. Gen. Hort. 23: 52. 1881?" authorityYear="1880" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira humilis" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira humilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Spruce&quot; in a discussion regarding the distinction between
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Bombax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bombax" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Bombax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but he did not definitely associate the final epithet &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">humilis</emphasis>
&quot; with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Bombax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bombax" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Bombax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B40" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, W-H, Li, D-Z, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF [Eds], 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
; Art. 35.2).
<bibRefCitation author="Schumann, K" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin botanique National de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B30" refString="Schumann, K, 1886. Bombaceae. In: Martius CFP, Eichler AG, Urban I (Eds) Flora brasiliensis, vol. 12(3). Frid. Fleischer, Monachii [Munich] &amp; Lipsiae [Leipzig], 201-250, tt. 40-50." title="Bombaceae. In: Martius CFP, Eichler AG, Urban I (Eds) Flora brasiliensis, vol. 12 (3). Frid. Fleischer, Monachii [Munich] &amp; Lipsiae [Leipzig], 201 - 250, tt. 40 - 50." year="1886">Schumann (1886</bibRefCitation>
, p. 224) was the first to make the combination in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Bombax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bombax" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Bombax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, albeit inadvertently. He recognized &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Bombax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bombax humile" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Bombax humile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Benth.&quot; and he cited the basionym when he wrote &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spruce ex Decne., Ann. Gen. Hort. 23: 52. 1881?" authorityYear="1880" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira humilis" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">Pachira humilis</taxonomicName>
Spruce Msc.! in schedulis
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Dcne. Miscell. bot. 1880</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">p. 10</emphasis>
.&quot; The subordinate phrase is a reference to &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Globothalamea" family="Miscellaneidae" genus="Miscellanea" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="Miscellanea botanica" order="Rotaliida" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="botanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Miscellanea botanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,&quot; which reprints
<bibRefCitation author="Decaisne, J" journalOrPublisher="Annales Generales d'Horticulture" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="43 - 52" refId="B12" refString="Decaisne, J, 1881.) [1880] Examen des especes des genres Bombax et Pachira. Flores des Serres et des Jardins de l'Europe. Annales Generales d'Horticulture 23: 43 - 52" title=") [1880] Examen des especes des genres Bombax et Pachira. Flores des Serres et des Jardins de l'Europe." volume="23" year="1881">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Decaisne’s">Decaisne's</normalizedToken>
(1881)
</bibRefCitation>
article on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Bombax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bombax" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Bombax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Pachira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachira" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Pachira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
including the original description of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. humilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="humilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">P. humilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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