163 lines
18 KiB
XML
163 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.782.27938" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30d43871-932d-4e9f-a04d-67d3896db707" ID-PMC="PMC6160803" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-782-11" ID-PubMed="30275718" ID-ZBK="AFAF1F4D2D8345CCB309F6695BDAE56B" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-782-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 782" ModsDocTitle="Doubling the known endemic species diversity of New Caledonian armored scale insects (Hemiptera, Diaspididae)" checkinTime="1534464622935" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hardy, Nate B. & Williams, Douglas J." docDate="2018" docId="F42C6DF95B0F087B4BB20DF51067F231" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 782: 11-47" docOrigin="ZooKeys 782" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.782.27938" docTitle="Lepidosaphes monticola Hardy & Williams, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="1D189785-917C-4E7D-850E-908367B85A3E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="0B64FFE7FF955E532402B232FFC7CD58" masterDocTitle="Doubling the known endemic species diversity of New Caledonian armored scale insects (Hemiptera, Diaspididae)" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1668166170599" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Doubling the known endemic species diversity of New Caledonian armored scale insects (Hemiptera, Diaspididae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Hardy, Nate B.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Williams, Douglas J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>782</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>11</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>47</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.782.27938</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.782.27938</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-782-11</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">AFAF1F4D2D8345CCB309F6695BDAE56B</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">AFAF1F4D2D8345CCB309F6695BDAE56B</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="147285074" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1D189785-917C-4E7D-850E-908367B85A3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F42C6DF95B0F087B4BB20DF51067F231" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/1D189785-917C-4E7D-850E-908367B85A3E" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lepidosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidosaphes monticola" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Lepidosaphes monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="11">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figure 10
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Holotype: New Caledonia: 1 adult female (1.75 mm long, 0.75 mm wide): ex Podocarpus?logifolatus, Mt. Koghis, 900 m, 12.x.1978, PN Johnson, BM 19 2 (NHMUK). Paratypes: New Caledonia: 1 adult female: same data as holotype; 2 adult females: ex undetermined host, Mt. Mou (near Sanitarium), 19.viii.1963, SW Brown, SWB accession 254 (NHMUK, USNM); 1 adult female: ex Podocarpus longifolatus, Mt.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Or">D'Or</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 900 m, 31.x.1978, J. S. Dugdale, 78-3266 (NHMUK). Other material: New Caledonia: 1 teneral adult female: same data as holotype but with accession BM 19 17.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Adult female, n = 4. Presumed to secrete scale cover. Body 1.25-1.88 mm long, broadest near anterior spiracle (0.5-0.83 mm); outline roughly fusiform, head and prothorax fused into circular prosoma, margin incised between pro- and mesothorax, margins of posterior pre-pygidial abdominal segments strongly convex.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Pygidium with three lobes on each side, L2 and L3 bilobed, each with lateral marginal slightly divergent near base, L1 and sublobes of L2 each with pair of convergent paraphyses. A pair of bifid gland spines between L1s, a pair of simple gland spines between L1 and L2, another pair between L2 and L3. Dorsum of pygidium weakly sclerotic, with longitudinal striations. Anus small, 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter, in middle of pygidium. Margin of pygidium with five large two-barred macroducts (~25
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, 10-13
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide at distal end) with elongate, oblique orifices: one on pore prominence between L1 and L2, one between L2 and L3, one just anterior to first sublobe of L3, two anterolateral of L3. Other dorsal macroducts (away from margin) as long as marginal ducts but less wide at distal end, ~7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, scattered along submargin and arranged in longitudinal line from L3 to anterior of anus. Venter of pygidium with vulva in anterior half of pygidium. Perivulvar pores quinquelocular, 5-9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter, in five groups: 8-11 pores in posterior group, 11-12 in anterolateral group, 3-5 in medial group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Prepygidial segments Dorsum with fine, hair-like setae, sparse along margin, few on medial areas of head and thorax. Each abdominal segment with submedial and submarginal group of macroducts. In holotype, submedial group in transverse line, submarginal group divided into anterior cluster and posterior transverse line. Some other specimens with fewer ducts and without differentiated subdivisions of submarginal group. Each posterior abdominal segment with cluster of macroducts associated with 1-3 gland spines. Antennae each with two long setae. Anterior spiracle with cluster of 3-10 trilocular pores. Posterior spiracles without pores. Some specimens with distinct clusters of microducts on head or prothorax.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Figure 10. a Adult female of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lepidosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidosaphes monticola" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Lepidosaphes monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. with b enlargement of pygidium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Shimmer (1868) erected the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lepidosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidosaphes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lepidosaphes</taxonomicName>
|
||
by monotypy for the species
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Mytilococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mytilococcus communis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communis">Mytilococcus communis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Amerling (now
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lepidosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidosaphes ulmi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmi">Lepidosaphes ulmi</taxonomicName>
|
||
). There are 167 species currently recognized in the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
Morales et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Takagi, S" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 146" title="Diaspididae of Taiwan based on material collected in connection with the Japan-U. S. Cooperative Science Programme, 1965 (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Pt. II." volume="33" year="1970">Takagi (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gives a thorough diagnosis: adult females tend to have (1) an elongate or fusiform body shape, the margins of anterior abdominal segments convex; (2) two pairs of well-developed pygidial lobes, and in some species an additional 1-2 pairs of rudimentary lobes; (3) median pygidial lobes separate and symmetrical; (4) L2 bilobate; (5) if basal scleroses present on pygidium, they are slender and extend from the basal edges of lobes; (6) gland spines present between medial lobes as well as in the space between L1 and L2; (7) large marginal macroducts with oblong orifice and sclerotic rim, usually six on each side of pygidium, stereotypically with one near junction of abdominal segments VIII and VII, two near junction of segments VII and VI, and three anterior to segment VI; (8) antenna usually with two or more long setae; (9) anus near anterior edge of pygidium; (10) perivulvar pores in five groups; and (11) pores near anterior spiracles. For the most part, this diagnosis works for the adult female of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. monticola" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="monticola">L. monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although it does have some less common character states, for example L3 is relatively well developed, and the anus is farther posterior of the anterior pygidial edge (opposite the posterior group of perivular pores) than it is in most species (at the base of the pygidium or almost opposite the center of the frame formed by the perivulvar pores). The most striking difference is the circular prosoma, which, to the naked eye, makes the body of the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. monticola" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="monticola">L. monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
female appear unlike other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lepidosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidosaphes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lepidosaphes</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This body shape is typical of many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aulacaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacaspis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aulacaspis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cockerell, but the pygidium of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aulacaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacaspis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aulacaspis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is quite different (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Takagi, S" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="133 - 180" title="For a better understanding of Aulacaspis: the Calcarata species group (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae)." volume="55" year="1999">Takagi 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Two Neotropical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Pseudoparlatoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoparlatoria" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoparlatoria</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cockerell have a body shape and pygidium similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. monticola" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="monticola">L. monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ferris, GF" journalOrPublisher="Stanford University Press Palo Alto, California" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" title="Atlas of the scale insects of North America. Series 3." year="1941">Ferris 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wolff, VRS" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos do Instituto Biologico Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" pagination="67 - 76" title="Dez Especies novas de Pseudoparlatoria Cockerell, 1892 (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Diaspididae)." volume="68" year="2001">Wolff 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wolff, VRS" journalOrPublisher="ISA Press Lisbon, Portugal" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" title="Redescription of Diaspidistis Hempel, 1900 and new combinations of four Pseudoparlatoria species (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Proceedings of the XI International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies, Oeiras, Portugal, 24 - 27 September 2007." year="2008">Wolff and Claps 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless, species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Pseudoparlatoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoparlatoria" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoparlatoria</taxonomicName>
|
||
invariably lack pores near the anterior spiracles of the adult female. In a forthcoming paper, B. B. Normark will show that in comparison to body shape, the presence or absence of pores near anterior spiracles is more phylogenetically conservative. Hence, we describe
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. monticola" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="monticola">L. monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
as an odd-bodied species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lepidosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidosaphes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lepidosaphes</taxonomicName>
|
||
, rather than an odd-pored species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Pseudoparlatoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoparlatoria" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoparlatoria</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lepidosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidosaphes monticola" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Lepidosaphes monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to a group of Pacific species that share a row of microducts on segment VII, forwards from the second lobes. In the other Pacific species this group only extends anteriorly to each side of the anus, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. monticola" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="monticola">L. monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
this group extends well anterior to the anus.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lepidosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidosaphes monticola" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Lepidosaphes monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. carolinensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="carolinensis">L. carolinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Beardsley, described from The Federated States of Micronesia,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. esakii" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="esakii">L. esakii</taxonomicName>
|
||
Takahashi, known from The Federated States of Micronesia and The Republic of Kiribati, and to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. karkarica" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="karkarica">L. karkarica</taxonomicName>
|
||
Williams & Watson, described from Papua New Guinea.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lepidosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidosaphes carolinensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolinensis">Lepidosaphes carolinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has sclerotized spines on the lateral margins of the anterior abdominal segments, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. karkara" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="karkara">L. karkara</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses well-developed lateral tubercles in these positions but
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. monticola" pageId="0" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="monticola">L. monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks these structures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Note that we have excluded from the type series a teneral adult female specimen from the type locality, Mt. Koghis. This specimen differed from the others in having a distinct patch of short microducts along the submargin of the prosoma, lateral of the clypeolabral shield. The adult females from Mt. Mou also have clusters of microducts on the margin of the head, although not as many as the teneral Mt. Koghis female, and in a different location (the anterior margin). The teneral Mt. Koghis female also has smaller perivulvar pores than those found in the other specimens examined (5 versus 9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="11">The species name refers to its mountainous habitat and is a noun in apposition.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |