195 lines
21 KiB
XML
195 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="CBBAE22361BEA448DBF7CABBF31EDEFD">A checklist and key to the snakes of the genus Geophis (Squamata: Colubridae: Dipsadinae), with commentary on distribution and conservation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="95642E658F116C07EF12157E2A37FCA0">Wilson, Larry David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="17AA46CCC34E6EC8DF68B2C45AC6DDD9">Townsend, Josiah H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="8BC655F849FFFB29F8AAF67D8948AF4D">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="7E396D40FFF2FF8E65E4FD36FBEC8478" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5620347" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119352753" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5620347" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E396D40FFF2FF8E65E4FD36FBEC8478" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E396D40FFF2FF8E65E4FD36FBEC8478" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="3190A7D5FFF2FF8E65E4FD36FB2780C6" authority="Wagler" authorityName="Wagler" box="[151,347,666,692]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Geophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E65E4FD36FA8680C6" bold="true" box="[151,250,666,692]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Geophis</emphasis>
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||
Wagler
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||
</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="F62FDC56FFF2FF8E65E4FD49FBC0808E" blockId="3.[151,513,741,988]" box="[151,444,741,764]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D680FB78FFF2FF8E65E4FD49FBC0808E" box="[151,444,741,764]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="3190A7D5FFF2FF8E65E4FD49FBCB808E" authority="Wagler 1830: 342" authorityName="Wagler" authorityPageNumber="342" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,439,741,764]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Geophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E65E4FD49FA8C808E" box="[151,240,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Geophis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="7731FA47FFF2FF8E6585FD49FBCB808E" author="Wagler" box="[246,439,741,764]" page="342" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1830">
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<bibRefCitation id="9201A1A7FFF2FF8E6585FD49FBFE808E" author="Wagler" box="[246,386,741,764]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" refString="Wagler, J. G. (1830) Naturliches System der Amphibien mit vorangehender Classification der Saugthiere und Vogel. Munchen, Stuttgart, und Tubingen. vi + 354 pp." type="book" year="1830">Wagler 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 342
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F62FDC56FFF2FF8E65E4FCA9FBAB816E" blockId="3.[151,513,741,988]" box="[151,471,773,796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D680FB78FFF2FF8E65E4FCA9FBAB816E" box="[151,471,773,796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="3190A7D5FFF2FF8E65E4FCA9FBAE816E" authority="Wagler 1830: 194" authorityName="Wagler" authorityPageNumber="194" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,466,773,796]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Catostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E65E4FCA9FB77816E" box="[151,267,773,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Catostoma</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7731FA47FFF2FF8E6462FCA9FBAE816E" author="Wagler" box="[273,466,773,796]" page="194" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1830">
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<bibRefCitation id="9201A1A7FFF2FF8E6462FCA9FBE1816E" author="Wagler" box="[273,413,773,796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" refString="Wagler, J. G. (1830) Naturliches System der Amphibien mit vorangehender Classification der Saugthiere und Vogel. Munchen, Stuttgart, und Tubingen. vi + 354 pp." type="book" year="1830">Wagler 1830</bibRefCitation>
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: 194
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F62FDC56FFF2FF8E65E4FC89FBB981EE" blockId="3.[151,513,741,988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D680FB78FFF2FF8E65E4FC89FBB981EE" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<taxonomicName id="3190A7D5FFF2FF8E65E4FC89FB8C814E" authority="Dumeril, 1853: 440" authorityName="Dumeril" authorityPageNumber="440" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,496,805,828]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Rabdosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E65E4FC89FB69814E" box="[151,277,805,828]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rabdosoma</emphasis>
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Duméril, 1853: 440
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="3190A7D5FFF2FF8E65E4FCE9FB81812E" authority="Peters, 1859: 275" authorityName="Peters" authorityPageNumber="275" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,509,837,860]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Colobognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E65E4FCE9FB46812E" box="[151,314,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Colobognathus</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="7731FA47FFF2FF8E6433FCE9FB81812E" author="Peters" box="[320,509,837,860]" page="275" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1859">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="9201A1A7FFF2FF8E6433FCE9FBB4812E" author="Peters" box="[320,456,837,860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" refString="Peters, W. (1859) Die von Hrn. Dr. Hoffmann in Costa Rica gesammelten Schlangen. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1859, 275 - 278." type="journal article" year="1859">Peters, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 275
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="3190A7D5FFF2FF8E65E4FCC9FBA2810E" authority="Peters, 1861: 923" authorityName="Peters" authorityPageNumber="923" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,478,869,892]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Geophidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E65E4FCC9FB67810E" box="[151,283,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Geophidium</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="7731FA47FFF2FF8E6452FCC9FBA2810E" author="Peters" box="[289,478,869,892]" page="923" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1861">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="9201A1A7FFF2FF8E6452FCC9FBD5810E" author="Peters" box="[289,425,869,892]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" refString="Peters, W. (1861) Mittheilung uber neue Schlangen des koniglichen zoologischen Museums. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1861, 922 - 925." type="journal article" year="1861">Peters, 1861</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 923
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="3190A7D5FFF2FF8E65E4FC29FBBC81EE" authority="Cope, 1868: 130" authorityName="Cope" authorityPageNumber="130" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,448,901,924]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Colophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E65E4FC29FB7A81EE" box="[151,262,901,924]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Colophrys</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="7731FA47FFF2FF8E647FFC29FBBC81EE" author="Cope" box="[268,448,901,924]" page="130" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1868">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9201A1A7FFF2FF8E647FFC29FBF781EE" author="Cope" box="[268,395,901,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refString="Cope, E. D. (1868) An examination of the reptilia and batrachia obtained by the Orton expedition to Ecuador; and the upper Amazon; with notes on other species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 20, 96 - 140." type="journal article" year="1868">Cope, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 130
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F62FDC56FFF2FF8E65E4FC09FB8F81AE" blockId="3.[151,513,741,988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E65E4FC09FB5C81CE" box="[151,288,933,956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Parageophis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9201A1A7FFF2FF8E6455FC09FBBE81CE" author="Bocourt" box="[294,450,933,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" refString="Bocourt, F. M. (1883) In: Dumeril, A. H. A., Bocourt, M. F. & Mocquard, F. 1870 - 1909. Etudes sur les Reptiles. Mission Scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amerique Centrale. Recherches Zoologiques pour servir a l'Histoire de la Fauna de l'Amerique Centrale et du Mexique. Troisieme Partie. - 1 re Section. Texte. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris. xiv + 1012 pp." type="book chapter" year="1883">Bocourt, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 435.
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||
<taxonomicName id="3190A7D5FFF2FF8E65E4FC69FB9381AE" authority="Boulenger, 1894: 298" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityPageNumber="298" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,495,965,988]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Dirosema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E65E4FC69FA8381AE" box="[151,255,965,988]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Dirosema</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9201A1A7FFF2FF8E6476FC69FBC681AE" author="Boulenger" box="[261,442,965,988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1894) Catalogue of snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). London, British Museum 2, i - xi, 1 - 382, 20 pls." type="journal article" year="1894">Boulenger, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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: 298
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="BE8A8FDDFFF2FF8E65E4FBBCFBEC8478" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F62FDC56FFF2FF8E65E4FBBCFE348658" blockId="3.[151,1436,1040,1546]" box="[151,1096,1040,1066]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Typespecies.
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<taxonomicName id="3190A7D5FFF2FF8E644DFBBCF8958658" authority="Wagler, 1830" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[318,745,1040,1066]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Catostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalybeum">
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<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E644DFBBCF83F865B" box="[318,579,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Catostoma chalybeum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9201A1A7FFF2FF8E6738FBBCF8958658" author="Wagler" box="[587,745,1040,1066]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" refString="Wagler, J. G. (1830) Naturliches System der Amphibien mit vorangehender Classification der Saugthiere und Vogel. Munchen, Stuttgart, und Tubingen. vi + 354 pp." type="book" year="1830">Wagler, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy (see Remarks).
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F62FDC56FFF2FF8E65B4FB94FBAD8620" blockId="3.[151,1436,1040,1546]" box="[199,465,1080,1106]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Typelocality.
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<collectingCountry id="8E879CC6FFF2FF8E641CFB94FBB18620" box="[367,461,1080,1106]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F62FDC56FFF2FF8E65B4FBCCFB188768" blockId="3.[151,1436,1040,1546]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Distribution.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3190A7D5FFF2FF8E6410FBCCFBB9860B" box="[355,453,1120,1145]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Geophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E6410FBCCFBB9860B" box="[355,453,1120,1145]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Geophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
occur from
|
||
<quantity id="316871B3FFF2FF8E6720FBCCF8A48608" box="[595,728,1120,1146]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3785" metricValueMax="2.7439999999999998" metricValueMin="0.013" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="1378.5" valueMax="2744.0" valueMin="13.0">13–2744 m</quantity>
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||
elevation from the Sierra Madre Occidental in southwestern Chihuahua and the Sierra Madre Oriental in southern Tamaulipas,
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||
<collectingCountry id="8E879CC6FFF2FF8E66D4FB24FE7886D0" box="[935,1028,1160,1186]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, through the central highlands and Atlantic lowlands of Central
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||
<collectingCountry id="8E879CC6FFF2FF8E6499FB1CF83386B8" box="[490,591,1200,1226]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">America</collectingCountry>
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||
to the highlands of northern and western
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<collectingCountry id="8E879CC6FFF2FF8E6146FB1CFED186B8" box="[1077,1197,1200,1226]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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||
. These snakes occur in vegetation ranging from lowland wet and dry forest, through upland pineoak forest and wet forest, to highland cloud forest.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F62FDC56FFF2FF8E65B4FA84FBCF8730" blockId="3.[151,1436,1040,1546]" box="[199,435,1320,1346]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Content. 46 species.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F62FDC56FFF2FF8E65B4FAFCF90E8718" blockId="3.[151,1436,1040,1546]" box="[199,882,1360,1386]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Systematic references.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9201A1A7FFF2FF8E64A5FAFCF8FD8718" author="Downs" box="[470,641,1360,1386]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refString="Downs, F. L. (1967) Intrageneric relationships among colubrid snakes of the genus Geophis Wagler. Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 131, 1 - 193." type="journal article" year="1967">Downs (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="9201A1A7FFF2FF8E67FEFAFCF9128718" box="[653,878,1360,1386]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" refString="Smith, H. M., Williams, K. L., Wallach, V., & Chiszar, D. (1990) Nomenclatural priority of Geophis Wagler, 1830, over the simultaneously published synonym Catostoma Wagler, 1830 (Reptilia: Serpentes). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society, 26, 68 - 71." type="journal article">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E67A9FAFCF971871B" box="[730,781,1360,1385]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1990)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F62FDC56FFF2FF8E65B4FAD4FBEC8478" blockId="3.[151,1436,1040,1546]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Remarks. The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3190A7D5FFF2FF8E64B2FAD4F89F87E0" authority="Wagler 1830" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[449,739,1400,1426]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Catostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E64B2FAD4F83C87E3" box="[449,576,1400,1425]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Catostoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9201A1A7FFF2FF8E6738FAD4F89F87E0" author="Wagler" box="[587,739,1400,1426]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" refString="Wagler, J. G. (1830) Naturliches System der Amphibien mit vorangehender Classification der Saugthiere und Vogel. Munchen, Stuttgart, und Tubingen. vi + 354 pp." type="book" year="1830">Wagler 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first used for this genus, but was quickly substituted with the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3190A7D5FFF2FF8E643AFA0CFBD787CB" box="[329,427,1440,1465]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Geophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E643AFA0CFBD787CB" box="[329,427,1440,1465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Geophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9201A1A7FFF2FF8E64A9FA0CF8F987C8" author="Wagler" box="[474,645,1440,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" refString="Wagler, J. G. (1830) Naturliches System der Amphibien mit vorangehender Classification der Saugthiere und Vogel. Munchen, Stuttgart, und Tubingen. vi + 354 pp." type="book" year="1830">Wagler (1830)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the same work, in order to avoid confusion with the fish genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3190A7D5FFF2FF8E65E4FA64FBAC8790" authority="Lesueur 1817" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1817" box="[151,464,1480,1506]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Catostomidae" genus="Catostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E65E4FA64FB5E8793" box="[151,290,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Catostomus</emphasis>
|
||
Lesueur 1817
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9201A1A7FFF2FF8E64AEFA64F8C28790" box="[477,702,1480,1506]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" refString="Smith, H. M., Williams, K. L., Wallach, V., & Chiszar, D. (1990) Nomenclatural priority of Geophis Wagler, 1830, over the simultaneously published synonym Catostoma Wagler, 1830 (Reptilia: Serpentes). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society, 26, 68 - 71." type="journal article">Smith et al. (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
further clarified the nomenclatural priority of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3190A7D5FFF2FF8E6012FA64FAB4847B" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Geophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E6012FA64FAB4847B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Geophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
over
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3190A7D5FFF2FF8E6479FA5CFBF5847B" box="[266,393,1520,1545]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Catostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4E40044FFF2FF8E6479FA5CFBF5847B" box="[266,393,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Catostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |