385 lines
58 KiB
XML
385 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="9555FD25F6ABAC930C7C048BCBF9CCAA" ID-CLB-Dataset="292008" ID-DOI="10.1080/08912963.2024.2320190" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f9c9c4b2-65f8-4ed6-a60b-fe27da0cb38b" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883434" ID-ZooBank="DA4E7993-C1B7-46DF-9863-47BD1DAA6686" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1711481193251" checkinUser="karina" docAuthor="Poinar, George" docDate="2024" docId="73638787690FFFBF7A5AF98E99056D11" docLanguage="en" docName="HistBiol.CLXVI.CLXVI.1-6.pdf" docOrigin="Historical Biology CLXVI (CLXVI)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2024.2320190" docTitle="Myrmarachne colombiana Poinar 2024, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="8F5AFFFF690FFFBC7967FFD49C186B3D" masterDocTitle="Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. (Araneae: Salticidae), a new species of ant-mimic spider in copal from Colombia, South America" masterLastPageNumber="6" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1711485561490" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="A4DBD09FCC13FA531C6E07C445490F1B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="27469AA328412F6226AA3D83E2F78DE9">
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<mods:title id="F278A59C5196A3200DD2EAF5825ED3E8">Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. (Araneae: Salticidae), a new species of ant-mimic spider in copal from Colombia, South America</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E9DD520AB5C25614E77380244CAE205F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3BB11F44C3E9037A332775F74E9D8908">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A44BE8CB617FDAFF98667925D4984819">Poinar, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0C372ADB3D2D9E9710326A44822BBB46">Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5829CD64F93D5FF5F13E674E24EF360C" type="email">poinarg@science.oregonstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="DC073CAE26B9EF3D099076B5204450A8">Historical Biology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="303E2301842D1327C489A41D879DD950">
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<mods:date id="D5B692840F045D9513832776B37ED344">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="373EE26BACA9F56941CBDF3C6C9972C6">2024-03-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B36F06CC15D8F1DDC8F98E3F1B299F9A">CLXVI</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="253B7109E45C0D0774753D06D38B144A">CLXVI</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="AE18CB57EBACBBC3656BD788326BC0C6">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2024.2320190</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="A46D64BDE6DFCA22F48F13216FDA32E1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CD2AF2154CF085B53B47EDF99902C6E0" type="CLB-Dataset">292008</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ECAC0BD65B72B0B59A9DA8C650B1E53B" type="DOI">10.1080/08912963.2024.2320190</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="73638787690FFFBF7A5AF98E99056D11" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882927" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10882927" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:73638787690FFFBF7A5AF98E99056D11" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/73638787690FFFBF7A5AF98E99056D11" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="B3D0651A690FFFBC7A5AF98E984A6D4C" box="[829,1106,1626,1649]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FB753691690FFFBC7A5AF98E984A6D4C" blockId="0.[829,1215,1508,1649]" box="[829,1106,1626,1649]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Species:
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<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690FFFBC7AFEF98E980C6D4C" authority="Poinar, 2024" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="2024" box="[921,1044,1626,1649]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiana" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690FFFBC7AFEF98E980C6D4C" box="[921,1044,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">colombiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D28D57F8690FFFBC7D7DF98E984A6D4C" box="[1050,1106,1626,1649]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3D0651A690FFFBC7A5AF94299376C1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FB753691690FFFBC7A5AF94299376C1E" blockId="0.[828,1513,1686,1827]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Characters that align
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<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690FFFBC7D70F94299036D90" authority="Poinar, 2024" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="2024" box="[1047,1307,1686,1709]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiana" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690FFFBC7D70F94299036D90" box="[1047,1307,1686,1709]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrmarachne colombiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D28D57F8690FFFBC7C43F94299446D90" box="[1316,1372,1686,1709]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690FFFBC7A5BF9609FDE6DF6" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1839" box="[828,966,1716,1739]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690FFFBC7A5BF9609FDE6DF6" box="[828,966,1716,1739]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrmarachne</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are the distinct posterior margin (pedicel) of the abdomen visible from above, the quadrangle of the eyes less than ½ the length of cephalothorax and the eight eyes arranged in two front rows of four each (
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<bibRefCitation id="9F5B4B60690FFFBC7AA7F8D898436C1E" author="Comstock JH" box="[960,1115,1804,1827]" journalOrPublisher="Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Company" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="729" refId="ref3290" refString="Comstock JH. 1948. The Spider Book. Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Company; p. 729." title="The Spider Book" type="book chapter" year="1948">Comstock 1948</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="9F5B4B60690FFFBC7D00F8D899396C1E" author="Levi HW & Levi LR" box="[1127,1313,1804,1827]" journalOrPublisher="NewYork: Golden Books" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="160" refId="ref3727" refString="Levi HW, Levi LR. 1996. Spiders and their kin. NewYork: Golden Books; p. 160." title="Spiders and their kin" type="book chapter" year="1996">Levi and Levi 1996</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3D0651A690FFFBC7A5AF8809FAA6C56" box="[829,946,1876,1899]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="FB753691690FFFBC7A5AF8809FAA6C56" blockId="0.[829,946,1876,1899]" box="[829,946,1876,1899]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<heading id="A03D81FD690FFFBC7A5AF8809FAA6C56" bold="true" box="[829,946,1876,1899]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690FFFBC7A5AF8809FAA6C56" bold="true" box="[829,946,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3D0651A690FFFBD7A5AF8559CCD6C75" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FB753691690FFFBD7A5AF8559D6F6D7E" blockId="0.[829,1514,1921,1944]" lastBlockId="1.[112,375,1580,1603]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The specific epithet is based on the geographic location of the fossil
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<heading id="A03D81FD690EFFBD7917F9F89D6F6D7E" bold="true" box="[112,375,1580,1603]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7917F9F89D6F6D7E" bold="true" box="[112,375,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<typeStatus id="24718833690EFFBD7917F9F89CBD6D7E" box="[112,165,1580,1603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
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strata and locality
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB753691690FFFBC7C81F85599F26CA5" blockId="0.[829,1514,1921,1944]" box="[1510,1514,1921,1944]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">.</paragraph>
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<caption id="AFB56619690EFFBD7917FCC19DFC687D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883436" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883436/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[112,167,789,809]" targetBox="[122,787,143,760]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="FB753691690EFFBD7917FCC19DFC687D" blockId="1.[112,797,789,832]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7917FCC19CA46814" bold="true" box="[112,188,789,809]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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Holotype female specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD78DBFCC19E886814" authority="Poinar, 2024" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="2024" box="[444,656,789,809]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiana" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD78DBFCC19E886814" box="[444,656,789,809]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Myrmarachne colombiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D28D57F8690EFFBD7BF1FCC19EDC6814" box="[662,708,789,809]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, in a piece of copal from Colombia. Scale bar = 3.3 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="AFB56619690EFFBD7917FA169EE66ED3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883438" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883438/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[112,167,1474,1494]" targetBox="[122,787,891,1444]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="FB753691690EFFBD7917FA169EE66ED3" blockId="1.[112,796,1474,1518]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7917FA169CA56EEB" bold="true" box="[112,189,1474,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Dorsal view of
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<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7826FA169E0E6EEB" authority="Poinar, 2024" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="2024" box="[321,534,1474,1494]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiana" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7826FA169E0E6EEB" box="[321,534,1474,1494]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Myrmarachne colombiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D28D57F8690EFFBD7B7BFA169E526EEB" box="[540,586,1474,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Scale bar = 57 µm. Insert shows detail of club-shaped setae covering cephalothorax. Scale bar = 0.8 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="FB753691690EFFBD7917F98D9D9A6DB0" blockId="1.[112,797,1625,1677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Colombian Quaternary copal; Santander province, Andes region, Colombia, South America.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB753691690EFFBD7917F9179D586DE7" blockId="1.[112,320,1731,1754]" box="[112,320,1731,1754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="A03D81FD690EFFBD7917F9179D586DE7" bold="true" box="[112,320,1731,1754]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7917F9179D586DE7" bold="true" box="[112,320,1731,1754]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB753691690EFFBD7917F9269CCD6C75" blockId="1.[112,796,1778,1864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<typeStatus id="24718833690EFFBD7917F9269CD46C34" box="[112,204,1778,1801]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Holotype</typeStatus>
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female (C-10-272) deposited in the Poinar amber collection maintained at Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A. Male unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3D0651A690EFFBD7917F8AA993E6E7F" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="FB753691690EFFBD7917F8AA9CC46CA8" blockId="1.[112,220,1918,1941]" box="[112,220,1918,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<heading id="A03D81FD690EFFBD7917F8AA9CC46CA8" bold="true" box="[112,220,1918,1941]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="2">
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||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7917F8AA9CC46CA8" bold="true" box="[112,220,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB753691690EFFBD7917F87E996D69A0" blockId="1.[112,796,1962,2015]" lastBlockId="1.[828,1514,142,1346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Myrmecomorphic spider genera related to
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<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7B4EF87E9EAB6CFC" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1839" box="[553,691,1962,1985]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7B4EF87E9EAB6CFC" box="[553,691,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Myrmarachne</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were also examined, however none had generic features closer to those of the fossil than
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<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7AC1FF5B98286B9B" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1839" box="[934,1072,143,166]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7AC1FF5B98286B9B" box="[934,1072,143,166]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Myrmarachne</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
. The related
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<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7DC8FF5A99856B9B" authority="Hentz 1846" authorityName="Hentz" authorityYear="1846" box="[1199,1437,142,166]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Synemosyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7DC8FF5A993F6B98" box="[1199,1319,142,165]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Synemosyna</emphasis>
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Hentz 1846
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</taxonomicName>
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has the hind part of the thorax narrow and parallel-sided (
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<bibRefCitation id="9F5B4B60690EFFBD7C24FF7999F86BF9" author="Comstock JH" box="[1347,1504,173,196]" journalOrPublisher="Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Company" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="729" refId="ref3290" refString="Comstock JH. 1948. The Spider Book. Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Company; p. 729." title="The Spider Book" type="book chapter" year="1948">Comstock 1948</bibRefCitation>
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||
) while species of
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<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7ABEFF1E98A56BDC" authority="Simon 1900" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1900" box="[985,1213,202,225]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Peckhamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7ABEFF1E985B6BDC" box="[985,1091,202,225]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Peckhamia</emphasis>
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Simon 1900
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</taxonomicName>
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||
are small spiders that have the quadrangle of the eyes more than ½ the length of the cephalothorax (
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<bibRefCitation id="9F5B4B60690EFFBD7A24FED19FF86A21" author="Comstock JH" box="[835,992,261,284]" journalOrPublisher="Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Company" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="729" refId="ref3290" refString="Comstock JH. 1948. The Spider Book. Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Company; p. 729." title="The Spider Book" type="book chapter" year="1948">Comstock 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F5B4B60690EFFBD7A88FED198A86A21" author="Levi HW & Levi LR" box="[1007,1200,261,284]" journalOrPublisher="NewYork: Golden Books" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="160" refId="ref3727" refString="Levi HW, Levi LR. 1996. Spiders and their kin. NewYork: Golden Books; p. 160." title="Spiders and their kin" type="book chapter" year="1996">Levi and Levi 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Species of
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7C54FED0999D6A26" box="[1331,1413,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Zuninga</emphasis>
|
||
Peckham and Peckham have only a single tooth at the lower margin of the chelicerae, members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7D50FEEB98E36A6A" authority="Hentz" authorityName="Hentz" authorityYear="1846" box="[1079,1275,319,343]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Synemosyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7D50FEEB98A96A6B" box="[1079,1201,319,342]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Synemosyna</emphasis>
|
||
Hentz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including the Central American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7AD6FE8898926A48" authority="Hentz" authorityName="Hentz" box="[945,1162,348,373]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Synemosyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7AD6FE8898246A49" box="[945,1084,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">S. americana</emphasis>
|
||
Hentz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the eastern United States
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7A5BFEAE9FF06AAF" authority="Hentz" authorityName="Hentz" authorityYear="1846" box="[828,1000,378,402]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Synemosyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7A5BFEAE9FB96AAF" box="[828,929,378,402]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">S. formica</emphasis>
|
||
Hentz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are either smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7D82FEAF99F16AAF" authority="Poinar, 2024" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="2024" box="[1253,1513,379,402]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiana" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7D82FEAF99F16AAF" box="[1253,1513,379,402]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Myrmarachne colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D28D57F8690EFFBD7A5BFE4D9F6E6A8D" box="[828,886,409,432]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, have a bulbous petiole, the posterior portion of the cephalothorax is very narrow, or the eyes extend to the posterior portion of the head. There are ant mimic spiders in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7C29FE0099A56AD6" box="[1358,1469,468,491]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Corinnidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that have some features of the present fossil, such as eight eyes in two rows. However members of this family have two tarsal claws, not one or none like the present fossil. Many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7C45FDF999B76979" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1839" box="[1314,1455,557,580]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7C45FDF999B76979" box="[1314,1455,557,580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Myrmarachne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have recently been placed in new genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F5B4B60690EFFBD7DD6FD9E994C695C" author="Proszynski J." box="[1201,1364,586,609]" journalOrPublisher="Ecol. Montenegrina ISSN 2336 - 9744 (online) I ISSN 2337 - 0173 (print). www. biotaxa. org / em" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3832" refString="Proszynski J. 2016. Delimitation and description of 19 new genera, a subgenus and a species of Salticidae (Araneae) of the world. Ecol. Montenegrina ISSN 2336 - 9744 (online) I ISSN 2337 - 0173 (print). www. biotaxa. org / em." title="Delimitation and description of 19 new genera, a subgenus and a species of Salticidae (Araneae) of the world" type="book" year="2016">Prószyński 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In reviewing these various genera, the present author could find no representatives that fit the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7D5FFD52992169A0" authority="Poinar, 2024" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="2024" box="[1080,1337,646,669]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiana" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7D5FFD52992169A0" box="[1080,1337,646,669]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Myrmarachne colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D28D57F8690EFFBD7C58FD52996D69A0" box="[1343,1397,646,669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB753691690EFFBD7A3AFD77997368F9" blockId="1.[828,1514,142,1346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
In their study of ant-mimicking spiders,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F5B4B60690EFFBD7D9EFD7799F16987" author="Hashimoto Y & Endo T & Yamasaki T & Hyodo F & Itioka T." box="[1273,1513,675,698]" journalOrPublisher="Sci Rep." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 11" part="10" refId="ref3563" refString="Hashimoto Y, Endo T, Yamasaki T, Hyodo F, Itioka T. 2020. Constraints on the jumping and prey-capture abilities of ant-mimicking spiders. Salticidae, Salticinae, Myrmarachine). Sci Rep. 10: 1 - 11. doi: 10.1038 / s 41598 - 020 - 75010 - y." title="Constraints on the jumping and prey-capture abilities of ant-mimicking spiders. Salticidae, Salticinae, Myrmarachine" type="journal article" year="2020">Hashimoto et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
divide this group into the ‘broad mimics’ and the ‘slender mimics’.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7A5BFD0A985C69C8" authority="Poinar, 2024" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="2024" box="[828,1092,734,757]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiana" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7A5BFD0A985C69C8" box="[828,1092,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Myrmarachne colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D28D57F8690EFFBD7D2CFD0A989B69C8" box="[1099,1155,734,757]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, is clearly a ‘slender mimic’. Along with other slender ant-mimicking spiders of the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7C3AFD289FB7680D" authority="Poinar, 2024" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiana" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7C3AFD289FB7680D" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Myrmarachne colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D28D57F8690EFFBD7ADFFCCD9FEA680D" box="[952,1010,793,816]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, displays a long body divided into three distinct regions now appearing antlike rather than the original two spiderlike regions. Another unique feature of the fossil is the long ‘pedicel’ clearly visible from above, an eye quadrangle less than ½ the length of the thorax, the lower margin of the chelicerae armed with 3–4 teeth and the upper row of eyes positioned on short pedicles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB753691690EFFBD7A3AFC1F989E6E3A" blockId="1.[828,1514,142,1346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
While there are no published keys separating the described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7AD4FC3C985E68C2" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1839" box="[947,1094,1000,1023]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7AD4FC3C985E68C2" box="[947,1094,1000,1023]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Myrmarachne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only two species of fossil spiders in copal have been described previously from Colombia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F5B4B60690EFFBD7A23FBF7981E6F07" author="Wunderlich J." box="[836,1030,1059,1082]" editor="Wunderlich J" journalOrPublisher="Fossil spiders in amber and copal." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="186 - 200" part="3" refId="ref4046" refString="Wunderlich J. 2004 a. The relationships between fossil spiders and ants, Myrmecomorphy. In: Beitr A, and Wunderlich J, editors. Fossil spiders in amber and copal. 3 A: 186 - 200." title="The relationships between fossil spiders and ants, Myrmecomorphy" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Beitr A, and" year="2004">Wunderlich 2004a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F5B4B60690EFFBD7D70FBF7984D6F07" author="Wunderlich J." box="[1047,1109,1059,1082]" editor="Wunderlich J" journalOrPublisher="Beitr Araneol." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="186 - 196" part="3" refId="ref4087" refString="Wunderlich J. 2004 b. Two new fossil spider species in copal from Colombia (Araneae: Oonopidae and Dictynidae). Fossil spiders in amber and copal. In: Beitr A, and Wunderlich J, editors. Beitr Araneol. 3 B: 186 - 196." title="Two new fossil spider species in copal from Colombia (Araneae: Oonopidae and Dictynidae). Fossil spiders in amber and copal" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Beitr A, and" year="2004">2004b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These are non-mimetic spiders and include a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7D5DFB9498B46F6A" box="[1082,1196,1088,1111]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oonopidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and another of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7C13FB9499FE6F6A" box="[1396,1510,1088,1111]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dictynidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Since neither of these are ant mimics, they can easily be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7AACFBAF98CD6FAF" authority="Poinar, 2024" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="2024" box="[971,1237,1147,1170]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiana" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7AACFBAF98CD6FAF" box="[971,1237,1147,1170]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Myrmarachne colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D28D57F8690EFFBD7DBBFBAF990A6FAF" box="[1244,1298,1147,1170]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The single species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7A5AFB4C9FD46F92" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1839" box="[829,972,1176,1199]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7A5AFB4C9FD46F92" box="[829,972,1176,1199]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Myrmarachne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Britain and northern Europe,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7C4BFB439F606FF1" authority="(De Geer)" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1778" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formicaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7C4BFB4399A36F92" box="[1324,1467,1175,1199]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">M. formicaria</emphasis>
|
||
(De Geer)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has its head abruptly raised from the thoracic part of the carapace (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F5B4B60690EFFBD7AD4FB0798556FD7" author="Roberts MJ" box="[947,1101,1235,1258]" journalOrPublisher="Hammersmith, London: Harper Collins Publishers Ltd" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="383" refId="ref3973" refString="Roberts MJ. 1996. Spiders of Britain and northern Europe. Hammersmith, London: Harper Collins Publishers Ltd; p. 383." title="Spiders of Britain and northern Europe" type="book chapter" year="1996">Roberts 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which clearly separates it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690EFFBD7A5AFB2498506E3A" authority="Poinar, 2024" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="2024" box="[829,1096,1264,1287]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiana" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7A5AFB2498506E3A" box="[829,1096,1264,1287]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Myrmarachne colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D28D57F8690EFFBD7D28FB24989E6E3A" box="[1103,1158,1264,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB753691690EFFBD7A3AFAD9993E6E7F" blockId="1.[828,1514,142,1346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">With the accompanying eggs and absence of enlarged palps, there is no doubt that the specimen is a female.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3D0651A690EFFBD7A5AFA5798A96CE0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB753691690EFFBD7A5AFA579FDF6EA1" blockId="1.[829,967,1411,1436]" box="[829,967,1411,1436]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<heading id="A03D81FD690EFFBD7A5AFA579FDF6EA1" bold="true" box="[829,967,1411,1436]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7A5AFA579FDF6EA1" bold="true" box="[829,967,1411,1436]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB753691690EFFBD7A5AFA6D9FF56EED" blockId="1.[828,1513,1465,2013]" box="[829,1005,1465,1488]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<heading id="A03D81FD690EFFBD7A5AFA6D9FF56EED" bold="true" box="[829,1005,1465,1488]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690EFFBD7A5AFA6D9FF56EED" bold="true" box="[829,1005,1465,1488]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<typeStatus id="24718833690EFFBD7A5AFA6D9F866EED" box="[829,926,1465,1488]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB753691690EFFBD7A5AFA0C98A96CE0" blockId="1.[828,1513,1465,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F12A14690EFFBD7A22FA0C9FDD6ED2" box="[837,965,1496,1519]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStart-3="Figure 4" captionStart-4="Figure 5" captionStart-5="Figure 6" captionStart-6="Figure 7" captionStart-7="Figure 8" captionStart-8="Figure 9" captionStart-9="Figure 10" captionStartId-0="1.[112,167,789,809]" captionStartId-1="1.[112,167,1474,1494]" captionStartId-2="2.[112,167,671,691]" captionStartId-3="2.[112,167,1960,1980]" captionStartId-4="3.[112,167,1059,1079]" captionStartId-5="3.[112,167,1763,1783]" captionStartId-6="3.[829,884,706,726]" captionStartId-7="3.[829,884,1320,1340]" captionStartId-8="4.[107,162,607,627]" captionStartId-9="4.[112,168,1453,1473]" captionTargetBox-0="[122,787,143,760]" captionTargetBox-1="[122,787,891,1444]" captionTargetBox-2="[122,787,143,642]" captionTargetBox-3="[480,1145,785,1931]" captionTargetBox-4="[122,787,143,1030]" captionTargetBox-5="[122,787,1198,1734]" captionTargetBox-6="[838,1503,144,676]" captionTargetBox-7="[838,1503,852,1291]" captionTargetBox-8="[117,782,143,578]" captionTargetBox-9="[126,791,745,1425]" captionTargetId-0="figure-700@1.[122,787,143,760]" captionTargetId-1="figure-728@1.[122,787,891,1445]" captionTargetId-2="figure-211@2.[122,787,143,642]" captionTargetId-3="figure-234@2.[480,1145,785,1931]" captionTargetId-4="figure-220@3.[122,787,143,1030]" captionTargetId-5="figure-255@3.[122,787,1198,1734]" captionTargetId-6="figure-286@3.[838,1503,144,676]" captionTargetId-7="figure-326@3.[838,1503,852,1291]" captionTargetId-8="figure-484@4.[117,782,142,578]" captionTargetId-9="figure-451@4.[126,791,745,1425]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="1" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionTargetPageId-3="2" captionTargetPageId-4="3" captionTargetPageId-5="3" captionTargetPageId-6="3" captionTargetPageId-7="3" captionTargetPageId-8="4" captionTargetPageId-9="4" captionText-0="Figure 1. Holotype female specimen of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n., in a piece of copal from Colombia. Scale bar = 3.3 mm." captionText-1="Figure 2. Dorsal view of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. Scale bar = 57 µm. Insert shows detail of club-shaped setae covering cephalothorax. Scale bar = 0.8 µm." captionText-2="Figure 3. Lateral view of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. Arrow shows petiole.Scale bar = 700 µm." captionText-3="Figure 4. Pretarsi of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. A. Tip fourth leg. Arrow shows single claw with four teeth and surrounding bristles. Scale bar = 123 µm. B. Tip second leg. Note bulbous tip with emerging thick setae but no claw. Scale bar = 53 µm." captionText-4="Figure 5. Ventral view of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. E = eggs, L = labium, Pe = pedipalps, p = petiole, S = sternum. Scale bar = 440 µm." captionText-5="Figure 6. Detailed view of eggs (some with faint embryos) loosely attached to ventral surface of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. Scale bar = 210 µm." captionText-6="Figure 7. Chelicerae of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. B= thickened bristles, E= lower large central eyes, F= small flap attached to thickened bristle; T=teeth at tip of chelicerae, S=serrula, Scale bar = 440 µm." captionText-7="Figure 8. Lower row of eyes of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. showing tips of outer eyes on short peduncles (arrows). Scale bar = 184 µm." captionText-8="Figure 9. Lower portion of chelicerae of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. showing scopula with bristles on right side (two arrows) and the finely toothed keel (serrula) on the left (single arrow). Note teeth at base of chelicerae. Scale bar = 114 µm." captionText-9="Figure 10. Posterior view of tip of abdomen of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. showing an elongate lung slit (LS) and spinnerets (arrows). Scale bar = 600 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883436" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883438" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883440" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883442" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883446" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883450" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883444" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883448" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883452" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883456" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10883436/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10883438/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10883440/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10883442/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10883446/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/10883450/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/10883444/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/10883448/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/10883452/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/10883456/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figures 1–10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length,
|
||
<quantity id="3C329B74690EFFBD7D3BFA0C98AE6ED2" box="[1116,1206,1496,1519]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.67" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="6.67">6.67 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head, thorax and petiole dark brown; thorax elongated with constriction in middle. Head large,
|
||
<quantity id="3C329B74690EFFBD7CA1FA239F7D6D10" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length; two horizontal rows of eyes present, lower row of four eyes with central two largest, positioned flat against the head while the two lateral smaller eyes are positioned at the tips of short peduncles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F12A14690EFFBD7AEEF9A69FFC6DB4" box="[905,996,1650,1673]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="3.[829,884,706,726]" captionTargetBox="[838,1503,144,676]" captionTargetId="figure-286@3.[838,1503,144,676]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 7. Chelicerae of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. B= thickened bristles, E= lower large central eyes, F= small flap attached to thickened bristle; T=teeth at tip of chelicerae, S=serrula, Scale bar = 440 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883444/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figures 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F12A14690EFFBD7A8FF9A69FEC6DB4" box="[1000,1012,1650,1673]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="3.[829,884,1320,1340]" captionTargetBox="[838,1503,852,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-326@3.[838,1503,852,1291]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 8. Lower row of eyes of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. showing tips of outer eyes on short peduncles (arrows). Scale bar = 184 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883448/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Chelicerae furrow with 4 teeth and many bristles; mandibles with central serrula portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F12A14690EFFBD7DAFF94599026D95" box="[1224,1306,1681,1704]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="3.[829,884,706,726]" captionTargetBox="[838,1503,144,676]" captionTargetId="figure-286@3.[838,1503,144,676]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 7. Chelicerae of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. B= thickened bristles, E= lower large central eyes, F= small flap attached to thickened bristle; T=teeth at tip of chelicerae, S=serrula, Scale bar = 440 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883444/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs and abdomen light brown to tan; foreleg segments narrow, reflexed, appearing as elbowed antennae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F12A14690EFFBD7D64F91B98996DDB" box="[1027,1153,1743,1766]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="1.[112,167,789,809]" captionStartId-1="1.[112,167,1474,1494]" captionStartId-2="2.[112,167,671,691]" captionTargetBox-0="[122,787,143,760]" captionTargetBox-1="[122,787,891,1444]" captionTargetBox-2="[122,787,143,642]" captionTargetId-0="figure-700@1.[122,787,143,760]" captionTargetId-1="figure-728@1.[122,787,891,1445]" captionTargetId-2="figure-211@2.[122,787,143,642]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="1" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionText-0="Figure 1. Holotype female specimen of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n., in a piece of copal from Colombia. Scale bar = 3.3 mm." captionText-1="Figure 2. Dorsal view of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. Scale bar = 57 µm. Insert shows detail of club-shaped setae covering cephalothorax. Scale bar = 0.8 µm." captionText-2="Figure 3. Lateral view of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. Arrow shows petiole.Scale bar = 700 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883436" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883438" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883440" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10883436/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10883438/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10883440/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figures 1– 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tips of legs variable. Pretarsus of last (4th) leg with a single large claw bearing four accessory claws and terminal hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F12A14690EFFBD7ABEF8D998266C19" box="[985,1086,1805,1828]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="2.[112,167,1960,1980]" captionTargetBox="[480,1145,785,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[480,1145,785,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 4. Pretarsi of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. A. Tip fourth leg. Arrow shows single claw with four teeth and surrounding bristles. Scale bar = 123 µm. B. Tip second leg. Note bulbous tip with emerging thick setae but no claw. Scale bar = 53 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883442/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Figure 4
|
||
<collectionCode id="9DDBAE54690EFFBD7D4BF8D998266C19" box="[1068,1086,1805,1828]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">A</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bulbous tip on second pretarsus bearing short, thick setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F12A14690EFFBD7A98F8FF987C6C7F" box="[1023,1124,1835,1858]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="2.[112,167,1960,1980]" captionTargetBox="[480,1145,785,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[480,1145,785,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 4. Pretarsi of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. A. Tip fourth leg. Arrow shows single claw with four teeth and surrounding bristles. Scale bar = 123 µm. B. Tip second leg. Note bulbous tip with emerging thick setae but no claw. Scale bar = 53 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883442/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Figure 4
|
||
<collectionCode id="9DDBAE54690EFFBD7D32F8FF987C6C7F" box="[1109,1124,1835,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">B</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral side shows pedipalps, wide labium; sternum and eggs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F12A14690EFFBD7D2BF89E98BF6C5C" box="[1100,1191,1866,1889]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="3.[112,167,1059,1079]" captionTargetBox="[122,787,143,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-220@3.[122,787,143,1030]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 5. Ventral view of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. E = eggs, L = labium, Pe = pedipalps, p = petiole, S = sternum. Scale bar = 440 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883446/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figures 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F12A14690EFFBD7DCCF89E98A06C5C" box="[1195,1208,1866,1889]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="3.[112,167,1763,1783]" captionTargetBox="[122,787,1198,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-255@3.[122,787,1198,1734]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 6. Detailed view of eggs (some with faint embryos) loosely attached to ventral surface of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. Scale bar = 210 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883450/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two thick bristles, each with a small flap, are attached to the femur of the pedipalps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F12A14690EFFBD7CE1F8BD99C36CBD" box="[1414,1499,1897,1920]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="3.[829,884,706,726]" captionTargetBox="[838,1503,144,676]" captionTargetId="figure-286@3.[838,1503,144,676]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 7. Chelicerae of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. B= thickened bristles, E= lower large central eyes, F= small flap attached to thickened bristle; T=teeth at tip of chelicerae, S=serrula, Scale bar = 440 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883444/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lower portion of mandibles showing scopula with bristles and finely toothed keel (serrula) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F12A14690EFFBD7D40F87398636C83" box="[1063,1147,1959,1982]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="4.[107,162,607,627]" captionTargetBox="[117,782,143,578]" captionTargetId="figure-484@4.[117,782,142,578]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 9. Lower portion of chelicerae of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. showing scopula with bristles on right side (two arrows) and the finely toothed keel (serrula) on the left (single arrow). Note teeth at base of chelicerae. Scale bar = 114 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883452/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdomen with wide lung slit and three or more spinnerets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F12A14690EFFBD7D23F81298BB6CE0" box="[1092,1187,1990,2013]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="4.[112,168,1453,1473]" captionTargetBox="[126,791,745,1425]" captionTargetId="figure-451@4.[126,791,745,1425]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 10. Posterior view of tip of abdomen of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. showing an elongate lung slit (LS) and spinnerets (arrows). Scale bar = 600 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883456/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3D0651A690DFFBF7A5AFF5A99056D11" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB753691690DFFBE7A5AFF5A9FA56B9A" blockId="2.[829,957,142,167]" box="[829,957,142,167]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<heading id="A03D81FD690DFFBE7A5AFF5A9FA56B9A" bold="true" box="[829,957,142,167]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690DFFBE7A5AFF5A9FA56B9A" bold="true" box="[829,957,142,167]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB753691690DFFBE7A5AFF68992D6A58" blockId="2.[829,1514,188,709]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
The eggs are loosely attached to the ventral side of the fossil spider (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F12A14690DFFBE7A22FF0D9FBA6BCD" box="[837,930,217,240]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="3.[112,167,1059,1079]" captionTargetBox="[122,787,143,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-220@3.[122,787,143,1030]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 5. Ventral view of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. E = eggs, L = labium, Pe = pedipalps, p = petiole, S = sternum. Scale bar = 440 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883446/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figures 5</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F12A14690DFFBE7AB5FF0D9FC66BCD" box="[978,990,217,240]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="3.[112,167,1763,1783]" captionTargetBox="[122,787,1198,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-255@3.[122,787,1198,1734]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 6. Detailed view of eggs (some with faint embryos) loosely attached to ventral surface of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. Scale bar = 210 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883450/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). These eggs are spherical, white, smooth and range in diameter from 212 to 230 µm; all of which are features of extant spider eggs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F5B4B60690DFFBE7AADFEC0986C6A16" author="Comstock JH" box="[970,1140,276,299]" journalOrPublisher="Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Company" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="729" refId="ref3290" refString="Comstock JH. 1948. The Spider Book. Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Company; p. 729." title="The Spider Book" type="book chapter" year="1948">Comstock 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Many of the eggs appear to be embryonated. They may have originally been carried in very loose sacs, since any sign of webbing now is very faint.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB753691690DFFBE7A3AFEB899C769B6" blockId="2.[829,1514,188,709]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
The internal border of the endite of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690DFFBE7DBAFEB899F16ABE" authority="Poinar, 2024" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="2024" box="[1245,1513,364,387]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiana" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690DFFBE7DBAFEB899F16ABE" box="[1245,1513,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Myrmarachne colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D28D57F8690DFFBE7A5AFE5D9F6C6A9D" box="[829,884,393,416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, along with the crushing part of the coxa of the pedipalp, bear a brush of hairs (scopula). Adjacent is a finely toothed keel (serrula) that lacerates the prey to release the juices. These structures are well developed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690DFFBE7ABEFE3598F76AC5" authority="Poinar, 2024" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="2024" box="[985,1263,481,504]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiana" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690DFFBE7ABEFE3598F76AC5" box="[985,1263,481,504]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Myrmarachne colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D28D57F8690DFFBE7D9DFE35992F6AC5" box="[1274,1335,481,504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F12A14690DFFBE7C2CFE3599BE6AC5" box="[1355,1446,481,504]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="4.[107,162,607,627]" captionTargetBox="[117,782,143,578]" captionTargetId="figure-484@4.[117,782,142,578]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 9. Lower portion of chelicerae of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. showing scopula with bristles on right side (two arrows) and the finely toothed keel (serrula) on the left (single arrow). Note teeth at base of chelicerae. Scale bar = 114 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883452/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). The function of the two thick bristles, each with a small flap, attached to the femur of the pedipalps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63F12A14690DFFBE7DE0FDC898C7690E" box="[1159,1247,540,563]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="3.[829,884,706,726]" captionTargetBox="[838,1503,144,676]" captionTargetId="figure-286@3.[838,1503,144,676]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 7. Chelicerae of Myrmarachne colombiana sp. n. B= thickened bristles, E= lower large central eyes, F= small flap attached to thickened bristle; T=teeth at tip of chelicerae, S=serrula, Scale bar = 440 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883444/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
), is unknown. The small lateral pedunculated eyes, presence of the fossil in Colombia and current lack of other fossil ant-mimicking spiders in that country, can be considered additional diagnostic characters of the species.,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB753691690DFFBF7A3AFD4599056D11" blockId="2.[829,1514,188,709]" lastBlockId="3.[829,1514,1439,1580]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
The club-shaped setae that cover the dorsum of the thorax of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690DFFBE7A5AFD7A985069F8" authority="Poinar, 2024" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="2024" box="[829,1096,686,709]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiana" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690DFFBE7A5AFD7A985069F8" box="[829,1096,686,709]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Myrmarachne colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D28D57F8690DFFBE7D37FD7A989F69F8" box="[1104,1159,686,709]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
probably served as tactile hairs. It has been stated that the cuticular surface (colour, hairs, etc.) of myrmecomorphic spiders can resemble that of their ant model (Cushing 1987,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F5B4B60690CFFBF7874F8589DB76C9E" author="Ceccarelli FS" box="[275,431,1932,1955]" journalOrPublisher="Psyche J Entomol." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 6" part="2013" refId="ref3257" refString="Ceccarelli FS. 2013. Ant-mimicking spiders: strategies for living with social insects. Psyche J Entomol. 2013: 1 - 6. doi: 10.1155 / 2013 / 839181." title="Ant-mimicking spiders: strategies for living with social insects" type="journal article" year="2013">Ceccarelli 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Perhaps a later analysis of spiders in Colombia will reveal the model ant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690CFFBF7B75F87D9F046CFD" authority="Poinar, 2024" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="2024" box="[530,796,1961,1984]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiana" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690CFFBF7B75F87D9F046CFD" box="[530,796,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Myrmarachne colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D28D57F8690CFFBF7917F8129CB56CE0" box="[112,173,1990,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F5B4B60690CFFBF79DEF8129D7D6CE0" author="Reiskind J." box="[185,357,1990,2013]" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 8" part="9" refId="ref3937" refString="Reiskind J. 1977. Ant-mimicry in Panamanian clubionid and salticid spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Salticidae. Biotropica. 9 (1): 1 - 8. doi: 10.2307 / 2387854." title="Ant-mimicry in Panamanian clubionid and salticid spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Salticidae" type="journal article" year="1977">Reiskind (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed two species in the salticid genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690CFFBF7A5AFA74983D6E8A" authority="Latreille" authorityName="Latreille" box="[829,1061,1440,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690CFFBF7A5AFA749FDF6E8A" box="[829,967,1440,1463]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pachycondyla</emphasis>
|
||
Latreille
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as serving as ant models for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690CFFBF7C0BFA4B9FF96EE9" authority="(Fab.)" baseAuthorityName="Fab." class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmapana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallela">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690CFFBF7C0BFA4B9F8F6EE9" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Myrmapana parallela</emphasis>
|
||
(Fab.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Panama. Cushing (1987) listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690CFFBF7C00FA68981E6ECC" authority="(Fab.)" baseAuthorityName="Fab." class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compressus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690CFFBF7C00FA689FA96ECD" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Camponotus compressus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fab.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690CFFBF7D78FA0E98DC6ECC" box="[1055,1220,1498,1521]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oecophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690CFFBF7D78FA0E988A6ECC" box="[1055,1170,1498,1521]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Oecophylla</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690CFFBF7DBAFA0E9FBC6D32" authority="(Latreille)" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690CFFBF7DBAFA0E99F26ECC" box="[1245,1514,1498,1521]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paratrechina longicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(Latreille)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690CFFBF7AC8FA2C98916D32" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1879" box="[943,1161,1528,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690CFFBF7AC8FA2C98526D32" box="[943,1098,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pheidole indica</emphasis>
|
||
Mayr
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690CFFBF7DD8FA2C99F16D32" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1858" box="[1215,1513,1528,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacteipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690CFFBF7DD8FA2C99BC6D32" box="[1215,1444,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Polyrachis lacteipennis</emphasis>
|
||
Smith
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as models for various other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CCA4D12690CFFBF7D3AF9C199056D11" box="[1117,1309,1557,1580]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9BEEA83690CFFBF7D3AF9C198F46D11" box="[1117,1260,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Myrmarachne</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |