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<document id="E2DE12BB76072A07F385B99FB1B9012F" ID-CLB-Dataset="63562" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6603219" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a11bab00-29d1-4781-88c0-003861873d21" ID-ISBN="978-84-941892-3-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6603219" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654090699889" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2016" docId="7347878F8F353E41FA0FFE1FF5C7F3CC" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_6_Erethizontidae_0372.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Coendou pruinosus Thomas 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="379" masterDocId="8F7EFFF78F323E46FFC9FB22FFAAFFC5" masterDocTitle="Erethizontidae" masterLastPageNumber="397" masterPageNumber="372" pageNumber="379" updateTime="1699338562361" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="229F7CFCB46F8A642DABEAC53C8B60C3">Erethizontidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BD09B3E3B597CF031F722BF5D64B32FC">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7556B8E66BFAD80C11418BCD30641AE6">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7F42C3071D887E257BC613977A1978C2">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="510296CF91E4725D7DD9F28C3EFDFB42">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="172D6200884DE9AED05863CF3A82343F">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="EFC8E5A887B2DE0E2F2438C99F611406">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="4B39436F8B2819D3A41CA73FDA2F2EA2">Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="7347878F8F353E41FA0FFE1FF5C7F3CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6603164" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195729094" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6603164" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7347878F8F353E41FA0FFE1FF5C7F3CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7347878F8F353E41FA0FFE1FF5C7F3CC" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F353E41FA0FFE1FFA56FAAE" box="[1478,1532,1341,1387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41FA0FFE1FFA56FAAE" blockId="7.[1473,2394,1341,1468]" box="[1478,1532,1341,1387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<heading id="A01981F58F353E41FA0FFE1FFA56FAAE" box="[1478,1532,1341,1387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<figureCitation id="63D52A1C8F353E41FA0FFE1FFA56FAAE" box="[1478,1532,1341,1387]" captionStart="Plate 23: Erethizontidae" captionStartId="2.[100,130,3339,3360]" captionTargetBox="[13,2734,16,3644]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Broomstraw-spined Porcupine (Chaetomys subspinosus), 2. North American Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), 3. Brazilian Porcupine (Coendou prehensilis), 4. Mexican Hairy Porcupine (Coendou mexicanus), 5. Stump-tailed Porcupine (Coendou rufescens), 6. Quichua Porcupine (Coendou quichua), 7. Bicolor-spined Porcupine (Coendou bicolor), 8. Eastern Amazonian Dwarf Porcupine (Coendou nycthemera), 9. Paraguayan Hairy Dwart Porcupine (Coendou spinosus), 10. Bahian Hairy Dwarf Porcupine (Coendou insidiosus), 11. Pernambuco Dwarf Porcupine (Coendou speratus), 12. Baturite Porcupine (Coendou baturitensis), 13. Blackish Hairy Dwarf Porcupine (Coendou vestitus), 14. Frosted Porcupine (Coendou pruinosus), 15. Western Amazonian Dwarf Porcupine (Coendow ichillus), 16. Roosmalens Porcupine (Coendou roosmalenorum), 17. Black-tailed Porcupine (Coendou melanurus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6603304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6603304/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">14.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F353E41F9C4FE1FF824FAAE" box="[1549,1934,1341,1387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41F9C4FE1FF824FAAE" blockId="7.[1473,2394,1341,1468]" box="[1549,1934,1341,1387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<heading id="A01981F58F353E41F9C4FE1FF824FAAE" box="[1549,1934,1341,1387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<vernacularName id="75ED46B78F353E41F9C4FE1FF824FAAE" box="[1549,1934,1341,1387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Frosted Porcupine</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F353E41F812FE1FF69AFAAE" box="[2011,2352,1341,1387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41F812FE1FF69AFAAE" blockId="7.[1473,2394,1341,1468]" box="[2011,2352,1341,1387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<heading id="A01981F58F353E41F812FE1FF69AFAAE" box="[2011,2352,1341,1387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<taxonomicName id="3CEE4D1A8F353E41F812FE1FF69AFAAE" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1905" box="[2011,2352,1341,1387]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinosus">
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F353E41F812FE1FF69AFAAE" box="[2011,2352,1341,1387]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Coendou pruinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F353E41FA0BFE5CF684FA7F" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41FA0BFE5CF6F3FA56" blockId="7.[1473,2394,1341,1468]" box="[1474,2393,1406,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<heading id="A01981F58F353E41FA0BFE5CF6F3FA56" box="[1474,2393,1406,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F353E41FA0BFE5CF9A4FA56" bold="true" box="[1474,1550,1406,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="75ED46B78F353E41F9DEFE5CF90DFA56" box="[1559,1703,1406,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Coendou givré</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F353E41F975FE5CF8BDFA56" bold="true" box="[1724,1815,1406,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="75ED46B78F353E41F8E8FE5CF847FA56" box="[1825,2029,1406,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Raureif-Greifstachler</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F353E41F7C8FE5CF7F7FA56" bold="true" box="[2049,2141,1406,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="75ED46B78F353E41F7AEFE5CF6F3FA56" box="[2151,2393,1406,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Puercoespin escarchado</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41FA0BFE87F684FA7F" blockId="7.[1473,2394,1341,1468]" box="[1474,2350,1445,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<heading id="A01981F58F353E41FA0BFE87F684FA7F" box="[1474,2350,1445,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F353E41FA0BFE87F913FA7F" bold="true" box="[1474,1721,1445,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="75ED46B78F353E41F90AFE87F844FA7F" box="[1731,2030,1445,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Brown Hairy Dwarf Porcupine</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="75ED46B78F353E41F832FE87F684FA7F" box="[2043,2350,1445,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Frosted Hairy Dwarf Porcupine</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F353E41F7ECFECAF7C5F9F4" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41F7ECFECAF7C5F9F4" blockId="7.[2085,2678,1512,1939]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F353E41F7ECFECAF76AF9CC" bold="true" box="[2085,2240,1512,1545]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3CEE4D1A8F353E41F716FECAF7C0F9F4" authority="Thomas, 1905" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinosus">Coendou pruinosus Thomas, 1905</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F353E41F74DFD3AF6AEF99D" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41F74DFD3AF6AEF99D" blockId="7.[2085,2678,1512,1939]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<materialsCitation id="4B863CC48F353E41F74DFD3AF6AAF99D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3802853311" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">“Montanas de la Pedregosa,” Mé- rida, Venezuela</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F353E41F7EFFD7CF643F881" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41F7EFFD7CF643F881" blockId="7.[2085,2678,1512,1939]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
Recent cytochrome-b sequence data suggests that
<taxonomicName id="3CEE4D1A8F353E41F777FDA7F6CEF963" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1905" box="[2238,2404,1669,1702]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinosus">C. pruinosus</taxonomicName>
may be closely related to C. ichillus, C. roosmalenorum, and
<taxonomicName id="3CEE4D1A8F353E41F7E0FDF6F705F930" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[2089,2223,1748,1781]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Sphiggurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vestitus">C. vestitus</taxonomicName>
. These species have soft emergent fur in dorsal pelage, bristle-quills, and defensive quills. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F353E41F7ECFC6CF60AF827" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" type="distribution">
<caption id="AF9166118F353E41F7ECFC6CF60AF827" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6603256" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6603256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6603256/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" targetBox="[1471,2062,1519,1933]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41F7ECFC6CF60AF827" blockId="7.[2085,2678,1512,1939]" lastBlockId="7.[1471,2678,1953,3081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F353E41F7ECFC6CF77FF8AE" bold="true" box="[2085,2261,1870,1899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Distribution.</emphasis>
N &amp; W Venezuela (Venezuelan Coastal Range and the foothills of the Serrania de Perija, lowlands of W Maracaibo Basin, and Cordillera de Mérida) and NC Colombia (E Andes Range and the adjacent Serrania de la Macarena).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F353E41FA08FCD2F78FF5F4" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" type="description">
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41FA08FCD2F78FF5F4" blockId="7.[1471,2678,1953,3081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F353E41FA08FCD2F914F7CC" bold="true" box="[1473,1726,2032,2057]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 320-380 mm; tail 190 mm; no specific data available for body weight. The Frosted Porcupine is medium-sized and covered in dark graybrown to blackish fur that covers spines and is frosted whitish at tips, especially on sides. Gray-brown head carries tricolored spines that are pale basally, dark in middles, and pale again at tips; a few of these tricolored quills also appear on shoulders. Head is finely ticked with white. Mystacial vibrissae are black and stiff. Frontal sinuses are not inflated, and roof of external auditory meatus is weakly keeled. Defensive quills on dorsum are very short, less than 25 mm, and mostly bicolored, pale yellow at bases with black tips. Long, thick, and white-tipped tricolored bristle-quills are sprinkled throughout dorsal fur. Tail is short to intermediate, with tail lengths 50-70% of head— body lengths. As with other species of
<taxonomicName id="3CEE4D1A8F353E41F83AF250F7CAF656" box="[2035,2144,2418,2451]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coendou</taxonomicName>
, prehensile tail is naked dorsally but at tip (last 50 mm) only on the Frosted Porcupine. Tail base is pale yellow or whitish, grizzled with fine white spines. Tail tip and ventral surface oftail are black. Venteris thickly furred and lacks spines; fur is dark brown basally and heavily frosted with silver. Feet are also brown and grizzled with white.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F353E41FA08F119F92FF5BA" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41FA08F119F92FF5BA" blockId="7.[1471,2678,1953,3081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F353E41FA08F119F99AF59D" bold="true" box="[1473,1584,2619,2648]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Habitat.</emphasis>
Rainforest and cloud forest in mountains, foothills, and lowlands at elevations of 54-2600 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F353E41FA08F1A4F62FF562" box="[1473,2437,2694,2727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41FA08F1A4F62FF562" blockId="7.[1471,2678,1953,3081]" box="[1473,2437,2694,2727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F353E41FA08F1A4F96CF562" bold="true" box="[1473,1734,2694,2727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
There is no information available for this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F353E41FA08F18FF6ACF50B" box="[1473,2310,2733,2766]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41FA08F18FF6ACF50B" blockId="7.[1471,2678,1953,3081]" box="[1473,2310,2733,2766]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F353E41FA08F18FF9EDF50B" bold="true" box="[1473,1607,2733,2766]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Breeding.</emphasis>
There is no information available for this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F353E41FA76F1F7F6C3F533" box="[1471,2409,2773,2806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" type="activity">
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41FA76F1F7F6C3F533" blockId="7.[1471,2678,1953,3081]" box="[1471,2409,2773,2806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F353E41FA76F1F7F901F533" bold="true" box="[1471,1707,2773,2806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
There is no information available for this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F353E41FA08F1DEF8B6F4A9" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41FA08F1DEF8B6F4A9" blockId="7.[1471,2678,1953,3081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F353E41FA08F1DEF7D2F4D8" bold="true" box="[1473,2168,2812,2845]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
The Frosted Porcupine nests in hollows of rotten tree trunks and perhaps in branches of trees. Four individuals were found together in a nest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F353E41FA08F050F903F427" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41FA08F050F903F427" blockId="7.[1471,2678,1953,3081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F353E41FA08F050F8B5F456" bold="true" box="[1473,1823,2930,2963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern The IUCN Red List (as
<taxonomicName id="3CEE4D1A8F353E41F62EF050F9EFF47F" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Sphiggurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinosus">Sphiggurus pruinosus</taxonomicName>
). The Frosted Porcupineis likely threatened in parts or all of its distribution by deforestation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3F465128F353E41FA0BF0D2F5C7F3CC" box="[1474,2669,3056,3081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="FB5136998F353E41FA0BF0D2F5C7F3CC" blockId="7.[1471,2678,1953,3081]" box="[1474,2669,3056,3081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="C99AEA8B8F353E41FA0BF0D2F9F0F3CC" bold="true" box="[1474,1626,3056,3081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="379">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Delgado &amp; Gémez-Laverde (2008), Emmons (1997a), Voss (2011, 2015), Voss &amp; da Silva (2001).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>