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<document id="1267FA01BF013C3578B0200B5B2304C6" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.181966" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1822bdf4-a38e-45f5-bf44-83bd611e100e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="181966" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459845697870" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Matov, Alexej, Zahiri, Reza &amp; Holloway, Jeremy D." docDate="2008" docId="6A256C1FFB67FFBFFF1CE3F0FE06FB2E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01763p037.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1763" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Helicoverpa armigera" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="961C1467FB6CFFB4FF8BE367FFEFFFBA" masterDocTitle="The Heliothinae of Iran (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698224829043" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="14991F95ACFCDD02E341E92A4439C544" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="46007228A85156B2D89247C73EA292E1">
<mods:title id="9818E16B56A6BF5B0C008B2DC6C7BDE0">The Heliothinae of Iran (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="89FC2A56D9BA0C62E7BC1F9DC525A25F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="392A6D9FC1E95E3BADC99A3D5C01ABA0">
<mods:roleTerm id="64DB8F241684A4C7A32FDD31EFA2BB8E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="48790FBD3B48252499954C8C38F3EB84">Matov, Alexej</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6B22F361754BE414B8C8B104A18D7989" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A345EDA4F5147A5F5EE851AE3F6F1BA0">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F0C1E4A6FC4B63B00C765EAE28E83DF2">Zahiri, Reza</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6168C02441C14FDDDA4E34CCBD6AE294" type="personal">
<mods:role id="394B1DDB4D5CFDEA93CC219F5C857856">
<mods:roleTerm id="202F19A3AA28FDDC9D97C54EE9647DA2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F471B2C8EDE4486EBD1F85BAA55C02A7">Holloway, Jeremy D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="5B4183FFE6B8DD00DC8ABF946A9E2DED">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="20D75DE75BBDC23A130BDD05E6F89BC4">
<mods:title id="88CF5D9386DBB0B196E46434E5D5E007">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="8F2142BD1F089CD3EE38D13A6C1FBBA5">
<mods:date id="7F06B9EF8973CBBABFFBA6D4F691F5AE">2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="129721099A5FFB606ED58EC8C3E4CFB8" type="volume">
<mods:number id="CDB9CA1B15FB03D1A46DE6EEACAE8FA2">1763</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="159909AAF1680122BE4B8D10CF48FBEE" unit="page">
<mods:start id="97F20E69AD72EF7686F176F91A03A83F">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="1E6670CBF006ACC8833B5806FD3F5DC2">37</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="5B8720EA747B664B612A91FC7628E176">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="986CD9A286219190C2A9F30E3221D8A0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.181966</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6AED87F17BC2B3CAB3F54F46C22B91EA" type="GBIF-Dataset">1822bdf4-a38e-45f5-bf44-83bd611e100e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C5DE25E915F163D59AB2D7CCB4D307EE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C5E160CE356225E44FD42EA6F46D882D" type="Zenodo-Dep">181966</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="6A256C1FFB67FFBFFF1CE3F0FE06FB2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6235913" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119361453" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6235913" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A256C1FFB67FFBFFF1CE3F0FE06FB2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A256C1FFB67FFBFFF1CE3F0FE06FB2E" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection id="AA968E82FB67FFBFFF1CE3F0FC68FF43" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB67FFBFFF1CE3F0FD99FF0B" blockId="11.[151,630,151,177]" box="[151,630,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="B97B6A65FB67FFBFFF1CE3F0FD99FF0B" bold="true" box="[151,630,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFF1CE3F0FD99FF0B" bold="true" box="[151,630,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFF1CE3F0FE4FFF0B" ID-CoL="92ZHH" box="[151,416,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Helicoverpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFF1CE3F0FE4FFF0B" bold="true" box="[151,416,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Helicoverpa armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hübner, [1808])
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB67FFBFFF1CE385FC68FF43" blockId="11.[151,1436,226,537]" box="[151,903,226,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pl. 1, fig. 6; male genitalia Pl. 4, fig. 25; female genitalia Pl. 8, fig. 41.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA968E82FB67FFBFFF1CE265FC3FFE23" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB67FFBFFF1CE265FB8EFEA3" blockId="11.[151,1436,226,537]" box="[151,1121,258,281]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFF1CE265FE49FEA3" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[151,422,258,281]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Noctua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFF1CE265FEA1FEA3" box="[151,334,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Noctua armigera</emphasis>
Hübner
</taxonomicName>
, [1808], Samml. Eur. Schmett. 4: pl. 79, fig. 370 (TL.: [Europe]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB67FFBFFF1CE245FC3FFE23" blockId="11.[151,1436,226,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFF1CE245FEF7FE80" bold="true" box="[151,280,290,314]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Synonymy:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFE95E245FE22FE83" box="[286,461,290,313]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Noctua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsoleta">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFE95E245FE22FE83" box="[286,461,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Noctua obsoleta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu auct., nec Fabricius, 1793;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFCBFE245FB49FE83" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[820,1190,290,313]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsoleta">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFCBFE245FC19FE83" box="[820,1014,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Heliothis obsoleta</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1775
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFB3AE245FEACFEE3" authority="Fabricius, 1794" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1794" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Noctua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbara">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFB3AE245FAB4FE83" box="[1201,1371,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Noctua barbara</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1794
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFEDBE225FD2EFEE3" authority="Walker, 1857" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1857" box="[336,705,322,345]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverosa">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFEDBE225FDCBFEE3" box="[336,548,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Heliothis pulverosa</emphasis>
Walker, 1857
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFD44E225FBDEFEE3" authority="Walker, 1857" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1857" box="[719,1073,322,345]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conferta">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFD44E225FC7BFEE3" box="[719,916,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Heliothis conferta</emphasis>
Walker, 1857
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFBCBE225FEEFFEC3" authority="Wallengren, 1860" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFBCBE225FAFEFEE3" box="[1088,1297,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Heliothis uniformis</emphasis>
Wallengren, 1860
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFE81E205FD28FEC3" authority="Cockerell, 1889" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1889" box="[266,711,354,377]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="armigera" subSpecies="fusca">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFE81E205FDFBFEC3" box="[266,532,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Heliothis armigera fusca</emphasis>
Cockerell, 1889
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFD59E205FBB4FEC3" authority="Constantini, 1922" authorityName="Constantini" authorityYear="1922" box="[722,1115,354,377]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guidellii">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFD59E205FC7CFEC3" box="[722,915,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Heliothis guidellii</emphasis>
Constantini, 1922
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFBEEE205FABDFEC3" box="[1125,1362,354,377]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Helicoverpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFBEEE205FABDFEC3" box="[1125,1362,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Helicoverpa armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFF4CE2E5FEC6FE23" box="[199,297,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">commoni</emphasis>
Hardwick, 1965;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFE62E2E5FC22FE23" authority="Bhattacherjee &amp; Gupta, 1972" authorityName="Bhattacherjee &amp; Gupta" authorityYear="1972" box="[489,973,386,409]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rama">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFE62E2E5FD66FE23" box="[489,649,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Heliothis rama</emphasis>
Bhattacherjee &amp; Gupta, 1972
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA968E82FB67FFBFFF1CE2C5FD8AFD66" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB67FFBFFF1CE2C5FD14FDA3" blockId="11.[151,1436,226,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFF1CE2C5FEFCFE00" bold="true" box="[151,275,418,442]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">References</emphasis>
: Bienert 1870; Lederer 1871 (
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFDD7E2C5FCC4FE03" ID-CoL="92LMK" authority="Armigera" authorityName="Armigera" box="[604,811,418,441]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFDD7E2C5FCC4FE03" box="[604,811,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Heliothis Armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Christoph 1877 (
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFC71E2C5FB56FE03" ID-CoL="942X5" box="[1018,1209,418,441]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFC71E2C5FB56FE03" box="[1018,1209,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Heliothis armiger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Barou 1967 (
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFAD4E2C5FE8EFE63" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Chloridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsoleta">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFAD4E2C5FE8EFE63" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chloridea obsoleta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Kalali 1976 (
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFD81E2A5FD0EFE63" box="[522,737,450,473]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Chloridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFD81E2A5FD0EFE63" box="[522,737,450,473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chloridea armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Modarres Awal 1994, 1997 (
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFBB9E2A5FB7BFE63" ID-CoL="92LMK" box="[1074,1172,450,473]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFBB9E2A5FB7BFE63" box="[1074,1172,450,473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Heliothis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFB3FE2A5FACFFE63" ID-CoL="94GR6" box="[1204,1312,450,473]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Chloridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFB3FE2A5FACFFE63" box="[1204,1312,450,473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chloridea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFABAE2A5FA64FE63" box="[1329,1419,450,473]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Chloridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsoleta">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFABAE2A5FA64FE63" box="[1329,1419,450,473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">obsoleta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Modarres Awal 1999 (
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFE3DE285FDD5FE43" ID-CoL="92B8Y" box="[438,570,482,505]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Helicoverpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFE3DE285FDD5FE43" box="[438,570,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Helicoverpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFDD2E285FD54FE43" ID-CoL="92LMK" box="[601,699,482,505]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFDD2E285FD54FE43" box="[601,699,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Heliothis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFD41E285FCC1FE43" box="[714,814,482,505]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Chloridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFD41E285FCC1FE43" box="[714,814,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Hacker &amp; Kautt 1999; Hacker &amp; Meineke 2001; Hacker 2001; Ebert &amp; Hacker 2002 (
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFE75E165FD03FDA3" ID-CoL="92ZHH" box="[510,748,514,537]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Helicoverpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFE75E165FD03FDA3" box="[510,748,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Helicoverpa armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB67FFBFFF1CE12DFD8AFD66" blockId="11.[151,1436,586,1172]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFF1CE12DFECCFDDE" bold="true" box="[151,291,586,612]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bionomics:</emphasis>
Multivoltine, continuously brooded throughout the year. Occurs in various habitats from sea level to
<quantity id="257470ECFB67FFBFFF3EE115FEE4FD36" box="[181,267,626,652]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="3300.0">3300m</quantity>
. Moths flying from February to December. Larvae have been recorded from a wide range of herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees from 38 botanical families. The crops attacked by the larvae most often in Near and Middle East are cotton and tomato.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA968E82FB67FFBFFF4EE18DFE5AFCEE" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB67FFBFFF4EE18DFE5AFCEE" blockId="11.[151,1436,586,1172]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFF4EE18DFE4DFCBE" bold="true" box="[197,418,746,772]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Taxonomic notes:</emphasis>
Hardwick (1965) recognised three subspecies. The typical race flies throughout most of the range, ssp.
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB67FFBFFEFEE075FDD9FC96" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[373,566,786,812]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conferta">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFEFEE075FE38FC91" box="[373,471,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">conferta</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB67FFBFFDE8E075FD20FC96" box="[611,719,786,812]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Australia</collectingCountry>
and the Pacific, and ssp.
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFB9AE075FB93FC91" box="[1041,1148,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">commoni</emphasis>
Hardwick on southeast
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB67FFBFFF1CE05DFF32FCEE" box="[151,221,826,852]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">China</collectingCountry>
(Holloway 1989).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA968E82FB67FFBFFF4EE005FAE1FC76" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB67FFBFFF4EE005FAE1FC76" blockId="11.[151,1436,586,1172]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFF4EE005FEB1FCC6" bold="true" box="[197,350,866,892]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution</emphasis>
: Cosmopolitan (Palaeotropic-Palaeosubtropical). Europe, Africa (including
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB67FFBFFB56E005FA85FCC6" box="[1245,1386,866,892]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB67FFBFFF1CE0EDFF10FC1E" box="[151,255,906,932]" name="Réunion" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Réunion</collectingCountry>
), Near East, Caucasus, Transcaucasia,
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB67FFBFFD45E0EDFCB5FC1E" box="[718,858,906,932]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
, Central Asia,
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB67FFBFFB87E0EDFBA4FC1E" box="[1036,1099,906,932]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">India</collectingCountry>
, South-East Asia,
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB67FFBFFAA2E0EDFA78FC1E" box="[1321,1431,906,932]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Oceania,
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB67FFBFFE8DE0D5FE49FC76" box="[262,422,946,972]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
. – In
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB67FFBFFE6CE0D5FDF9FC76" box="[487,534,946,972]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Iran</collectingCountry>
(Pl. 10, fig. 54) occurs everywhere except the eastern provinces.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA968E82FB67FFBFFF4EE0BDFE06FB2E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB67FFBFFF4EE0BDFE06FB2E" blockId="11.[151,1436,586,1172]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB67FFBFFF4EE0BDFE52FC4E" bold="true" box="[197,445,986,1012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="F48A1680FB67FFBFFE4DE0BDFD9AFC4E" box="[454,629,986,1012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="generic">648 specimens</specimenCount>
from provinces West
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB67FFBFFCF7E0BDFBEFFC4E" box="[892,1024,986,1012]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
, East
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB67FFBFFBC3E0BDFB24FC4E" box="[1096,1227,986,1012]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
, Ardebil, Mazandaran, Guilan, Golestan, Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, Qom, Markazi, Qazvin, Hamedan, Zanjan, Kordestan, Kermanshah, Ilam, Lorestan, Esfahan, Charmahal va Bakhtiari, Kohkiluyeh va Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan,
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB67FFBFFF1CE735FF23FBD6" box="[151,204,1106,1132]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fars</collectingCountry>
, Yazd, Kerman, Bushehr, Hormozgan and Sistan va Baluchestan, collected between
<date id="9632FBC9FB67FFBFFB4EE735FA9AFBD6" box="[1221,1397,1106,1132]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">16.II to 21.XII</date>
on elevations from
<quantity id="257470ECFB67FFBFFEDEE71DFE0AFB2E" box="[341,485,1146,1172]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1650.0" valueMax="3300.0" valueMin="0.0">0 to 3300 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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