188 lines
20 KiB
XML
188 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="4662796E62BD4A02782BF59690870174" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3692.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ddffc7b3-2654-49ec-b046-f32bc78af2d6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249019" ID-ZooBank="136660B8-7DCC-490E-AB79-46546CC18E40" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460652068901" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Göcke, Christian & Janussen, Dorte" docDate="2013" docId="03EF87D0CD3B880880BEF9C6FBE4FBBE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03692p101.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3692 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cinachyra antarctica Carter 1872" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FFD6FFA8CD3388028029FF93FFE4FFE9" masterDocTitle="Demospongiae of ANT XXIV / 2 (SYSTCO I) Expedition — Antarctic Eastern Weddell Sea" masterLastPageNumber="101" masterPageNumber="28" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698343927236" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6AE9F5D9D10B93C5E3F1D4A855C1F52A">Demospongiae of ANT XXIV / 2 (SYSTCO I) Expedition — Antarctic Eastern Weddell Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D051D3BAE83F68BDF530EC8084DDFA9A">Göcke, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="296C593F15336F7F7AFDC9500E028D28" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="71DA383D66336D5BA089E4D448FE6272">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9518F169835BDB27845836B9B35C5B14">Janussen, Dorte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E340E77C0059915897B2403CCAFCE723">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="ECE127CEE969D5662A51061BE3745BCF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4BFADF81C9A83C427AA0530C4C3D1C17">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E735DE61403B7637ADE72244F27288AB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F5D69DA74A051F9B14D0B23E8AD907BD">3692</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AC2273C3C089A4A5C4EABD9C9F5848C4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3692.1.5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EF87D0CD3B880880BEF9C6FBE4FBBE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6145120" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119573045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6145120" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87D0CD3B880880BEF9C6FBE4FBBE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF87D0CD3B880880BEF9C6FBE4FBBE" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD3B880A80BEF9C6FC46F8FA" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD3B880A80BEF9C6FDA8F986" blockId="8.[151,588,1621,1679]" box="[151,588,1621,1647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="D0B181AACD3B880A80BEF9C6FDA8F986" bold="true" box="[151,588,1621,1647]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD3B880A80BEF9C6FDA8F986" authority="Carter, 1872" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,588,1621,1647]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD3B880A80BEF9C6FDA8F986" bold="true" box="[151,588,1621,1647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD3B880A80BEF9C6FE73F986" bold="true" box="[151,407,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Cinachyra antarctica</emphasis>
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(Carter, 1872)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD3B880A80BEF9E4FF0FF966" blockId="8.[151,588,1621,1679]" box="[151,235,1655,1679]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
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(
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<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD3B880A80B6F9E4FF07F966" box="[159,227,1655,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,195,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[176,1412,195,1944]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cinachyra antarctica (Carter, 1872). A – B, habit (SMF 11759). C – D, sections of the sponge (SMF 11759). Scale bars: A – D: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249021/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD3B880A80BEF953FC46F8FA" blockId="8.[151,1436,1728,1811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD3B880A80BEF953FDE8F93F" authority="Carter, 1872" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,524,1728,1750]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD3B880A80BEF953FE94F93F" box="[151,368,1728,1750]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Cinachyra antarctica</emphasis>
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(Carter, 1872)
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</taxonomicName>
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: Burton 1929: 419, 1932: 264, 1938: 5. Koltun 1976: 167. Desqueyroux 1975: 55, pl. 1, figs. 10–12. Desqueyroux-Faúndez 1989: 104, pl. 1, figs. 3a–c, pl. 6, figs. 33–34. Barthel
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD3B880A8472F973FB6BF91C" box="[1115,1167,1759,1781]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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1990: 122, 1997: 47. Gutt and Koltun 1995: 230. Campos
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD3B880A8223F96DFDDAF8FA" box="[522,574,1789,1811]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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2007a: 688–690, figs. 2–11, tab. 1.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD3B880A80BEF8ACFBC6F858" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD3B880A80BEF8ACFEF6F8BF" blockId="8.[151,1185,1855,1970]" box="[151,274,1855,1878]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD3B880A80BEF8ACFEF6F8BF" bold="true" box="[151,274,1855,1878]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Synonymy:</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD3B880A80BEF8CCFD59F89D" blockId="8.[151,1185,1855,1970]" box="[151,701,1886,1909]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD3B880A80BEF8CCFDE4F89D" authority="Carter, 1872: 412" authorityName="Carter" authorityPageNumber="412" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,512,1887,1909]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD3B880A80BEF8CCFEA3F89C" box="[151,327,1887,1909]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Tethya antarctica</emphasis>
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Carter, 1872: 412
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 20, figs. 1–10.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD3B880A80BEF8EEFBC6F858" blockId="8.[151,1185,1855,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD3B880A80BEF8EEFDD7F87A" authority="Lendenfeld, 1907: 310" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityPageNumber="310" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,563,1917,1939]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vertex">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD3B880A80BEF8EEFEA2F87A" box="[151,326,1917,1939]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Cinachyra vertex</emphasis>
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Lendenfeld, 1907: 310
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</taxonomicName>
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–322, pl. 21, figs. 17–24, pl. 22, figs. 1–42, pl. 23, figs. 1–19.
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD3B880A80BEF80FFE28F85B" box="[151,460,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD3B880A80BEF80FFEA2F85B" box="[151,326,1948,1970]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vertex">Cinachyra vertex</taxonomicName>
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monticularis
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</emphasis>
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Kirkpatrick, 1908: 11, pl. 10, figs, 15, 16, pl. 11, figs. 1–3.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF39664ECD3A880B80BEF82AFEABF806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249021/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[176,1411,195,1944]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD3A880B80BEF82AFEABF806" blockId="9.[151,1436,1977,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD3A880B80BEF82AFEF7F826" bold="true" box="[151,275,1977,2000]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD3A880B8132F829FD69F838" authority="Carter, 1872" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1872" box="[283,653,1978,2001]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD3A880B8132F829FE10F839" box="[283,500,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Cinachyra antarctica</emphasis>
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(Carter, 1872)
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</taxonomicName>
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. A–B, habit (SMF 11759). C–D, sections of the sponge (SMF 11759). Scale bars: A–D: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD39880880BEFF04FDC8FF1E" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD39880880BEFF04FDC8FF1E" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD39880880BEFF04FEE2FF59" bold="true" box="[151,262,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">Material.</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D40FD4FCD3988088127FF0BFE7EFF46" box="[270,410,151,175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" type="generic">7 specimens</specimenCount>
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from station 048-1 (SMF 11795, 11764),
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<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD3988088353FF04FC3DFF46" box="[890,985,151,175]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.021" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="602.1">602.1 m</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE725001CD39880883CFFF04FB90FF46" box="[998,1140,151,175]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" precision="9" value="-70.399">70° 23.94' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE725001CD39880884ABFF04FAEFFF46" box="[1154,1291,151,175]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" precision="9" value="-8.319">8° 19.14' W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="FFF81006CD398808853EFF04FA7CFF46" box="[1303,1432,151,175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" value="2008-12-01">12.01.2008</date>
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.
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD39880880BEFF2FFDD1FF3D" box="[151,565,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">Material examined for comparison:</emphasis>
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BMNH 1928.11.15.201, “Discovery” Investigations, 1928, Stn. 42,
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<collectingCountry id="F3517656CD3988088572FF2FFF10FF1E" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD39880880D7FF4CFE9BFF1E" box="[254,383,223,247]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" metricValueMax="2.04" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="162.0" valueMax="204.0" valueMin="120.0">120–204 m</quantity>
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, wet specimen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD39880880EEFE90FAEDFDF1" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD39880880EEFE90FAEDFDF1" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD39880880EEFE90FEBDFEF5" bold="true" box="[199,345,259,284]" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">Description.</emphasis>
|
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All specimens very small juvenile sponges of about
|
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<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD3988088387FE97FC0BFEF5" box="[942,1007,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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||
<date id="FFF81006CD39880883DFFE96FBFEFEF5" box="[1014,1050,260,284]" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">
|
||
x
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||
<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD3988088425FE97FBFEFEF5" box="[1036,1050,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="4.0">4</quantity>
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||
</date>
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||
mm. A large osculum surrounded by a very dense regular fringe of spicules at the top (
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<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD39880882DEFEB4FCDAFED6" box="[759,830,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,195,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[176,1412,195,1944]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cinachyra antarctica (Carter, 1872). A – B, habit (SMF 11759). C – D, sections of the sponge (SMF 11759). Scale bars: A – D: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249021/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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||
). At the basis, few rooting spicules present. Surfaces with very small conules bearing short, protruding bundles of spicules. Skeleton of radially arranged bundles of triaenes and oxeas, originating from the center and diverging towards the exterior, often breaking trough the epidermis, thus forming the fringe at the osculum, spicule bundles at the surface and root tufts. Within the choanosome, free oxeas present. Sigmaspires very abundant, freely within the entire tissue. Epidermis composed of a very dense layer of spongin with grains of sand incorporated (
|
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<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD3988088373FE4FFC7AFE1D" box="[858,926,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,195,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[176,1412,195,1944]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cinachyra antarctica (Carter, 1872). A – B, habit (SMF 11759). C – D, sections of the sponge (SMF 11759). Scale bars: A – D: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249021/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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||
). Spicule sizes in all specimens very variable, with anatriaenes and protriaenes up to 2000 µm and oxeas about 600 to 1100 µm, sigmaspires 20 µm.
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD39880880EEFDB7FBE4FBBE" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD39880880EEFDB7FBE4FBBE" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD39880880EEFDB7FEDFFDD5" bold="true" box="[199,315,548,572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicules of this species have been well investigated and documented by Campos
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD39880884FCFDB6FAE3FDD5" box="[1237,1287,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007a) and Lendenfeld (1907). The spicules of our new specimens fit very well within the known schemes. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD3988088521FDDBFADCFD89" box="[1288,1336,584,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD398808809CFDFEFEA3FD6D" box="[181,327,621,644]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD398808809CFDFEFEA3FD6D" box="[181,327,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">C. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described by Carter (1872), is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD39880882C7FDFFFC80FD6D" box="[750,868,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 10 cm</quantity>
|
||
large, bears very long, protruding spicule bundles, and has no distinct spicular fringe around the osculum. Also, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD398808835CFD1CFC33FD4E" box="[885,983,655,679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has no sigmaspires. By these characters our specimens therefore differ from the typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD3988088282FD26FCDAFD25" box="[683,830,693,716]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD3988088282FD26FCDAFD25" box="[683,830,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">C. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lendenfeld (1907) made a remarkable description of a new species he called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD3988088194FD4BFD60FD19" box="[445,644,728,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vertex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD3988088194FD4BFD60FD19" box="[445,644,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">Cinachyra vertex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The large specimens of this species differ from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD398808852DFD4BFA78FD19" box="[1284,1436,728,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD398808852DFD4BFA78FD19" box="[1284,1436,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">C. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD39880880BEFD6FFF1DFCFD" box="[151,249,764,788]" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
only in the possession of sigmaspires. The species therefore was synomymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD39880884F6FD6EFA91FCFD" box="[1247,1397,765,788]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD39880884F6FD6EFA91FCFD" box="[1247,1397,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">C. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Burton (1929), who considered the missing sigmaspires in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD3988088344FC8CFC2BFCDE" box="[877,975,799,823]" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
to be a simple individual feature of the specimen. This synonymy was maintained by Campos
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD3988088306FCD6FC8CFCB5" box="[815,872,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007a). Still, what makes the description by Lendenfeld (1907) so remarkable is the fact that he was able to examine not only adults, but also juvenile sponges. Thus he could document the development of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD39880882B6FC1EFCD7FC4D" box="[671,819,909,932]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD39880882B6FC1EFCD7FC4D" box="[671,819,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="38">C. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in detail, with many specimens representing different growth stages. The clear line of development between these specimens makes their identity as representatives of a single species clear, even though the youngest differ strongly from the adults. The youngest sponges portrayed by Lendenfeld (1907) show exactly the same characteristics as our new SYSTCO-specimens: The dense fringe around the osculum, developing root system, very small, almost absent spicule bundles, and the epidermis with strong incorporation of sand in one layer (called “Sandpanzer” by Lendenfeld 1907).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |