110 lines
11 KiB
XML
110 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac041" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381236" approvalRequired="21" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="21" checkinTime="1669808169041" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Casali, Daniel M, Boscaini, Alberto, Gaudin, Timothy J & Perini, Fernando A" docDate="2022" docId="03EF87B8FFF3FF94FF3EFAA6C44D91B7" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac041.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/196/4/1505/6617197" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Megatherioidea" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="1525" masterDocId="FFD6FFC0FFE7FF80FFAFFFC3C1119741" masterDocTitle="Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models" masterLastPageNumber="1551" masterPageNumber="1505" pageNumber="1525" updateTime="1669985971716" updateUser="diego">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Casali, Daniel M</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Boscaini, Alberto</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Gaudin, Timothy J</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Perini, Fernando A</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2022-12-01</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>196</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1505</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>1551</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/196/4/1505/6617197</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac041</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7381236</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87B8FFF3FF94FF3EFAA6C44D91B7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF87B8FFF3FF94FF3EFAA6C44D91B7" lastPageNumber="1525" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[145,338,1381,1405]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[145,338,1381,1405]" box="[145,338,1381,1405]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[145,338,1381,1405]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Megatherioidea">Megatherioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="1525" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[145,762,1421,1903]" box="[145,599,1421,1443]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525">PP = 99, age = 26.32 Mya (21.32–30.99).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[145,762,1421,1903]" lastBlockId="20.[809,1425,197,1783]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525">
|
||
The clade, composed of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[425,553,1452,1473]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Pelecyodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[425,553,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525">Pelecyodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[562,755,1452,1473]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Schismotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[562,755,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525">Schismotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1889" box="[145,339,1482,1504]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Megalonychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[401,578,1482,1504]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Megatheriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was recovered in all analyses using MP methods and all Bayesian analyses using H models. In analyses with UN and A models, it was recovered as paraphyletic, with Mylodontoidea closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[551,728,1605,1627]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Megatheriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[145,321,1636,1658]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Megatheriinae">Megatheriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. When Megatherioidea was recovered as monophyletic,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[362,495,1666,1687]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Pelecyodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[362,495,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525">Pelecyodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[560,760,1666,1687]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Schismotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[560,760,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525">Schismotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emerged as successive sister taxa of a clade containing megalonychids and megatheriids (H models, par_EW and par_IW100), or, together with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[145,262,1789,1810]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,262,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, composing a clade that is more closely related to megatheriids than to megalonychids (par_IW10 and par_IW5). When Megatherioidea was paraphyletic (A models),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[556,699,1881,1903]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Pelecyodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[556,699,1881,1903]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525">Pelecyodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[809,1005,197,218]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Schismotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1005,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525">Schismotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compose a sister clade to all other eufolivorans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[809,1425,197,1783]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1525">Megatherioidea was supported by 43 synapomorphies (18 for both methods and 25 exclusively for BI): left and right molariform toothrows parallel in occlusal view (BI); cementum slightly thicker than the orthodentine; occlusal surface of molariforms with strong transverse crests (BI); Mf4 curved anteriorly in lateral view; circular Mf1 crosssection (BI); mediolaterally ovate to rectangular mf1 cross-section (BI); mediolaterally ovate to rectangular Mf2 and Mf3 cross-section (BI); mediolaterally ovate to rectangular mf2 cross-section (BI); circular mf3 cross-section; inferior edge of mandible with strongly convex ventral bulge (BI); presence of a constriction at the junction of horizontal and ascending rami of mandible (BI); elongate and narrow angular process (BI); symphysis ending well anterior to the level of mf1; presence of symphysial keel (BI); symphysial spout equal to, or slightly shorter than the length of molariform toothrow (BI); eversion of lateral edge of symphyseal spout (BI); lateral edges of the spout converging anteriorly (BI); presence of a mandibular fossa posterior to cf1; roughly horizontal dorsal surface of the skull; temporal lines meet in the dorsal midline to form a sagittal crest; presence of fossa at the root of zygoma, anterodorsal to paroccipital process; presence of buccinator fossa of maxilla; presence of maxillary fossa behind last upper tooth; palate concave anteriorly, and convex posteriorly to dentition (BI); interpterygoid region broader than interpalatine region (BI); absence of pterygoid inflation (BI); presence of lacrimal eminence; anterior overlap of jugal and lacrimal over facial portion of maxilla; short and deep middle process of jugal (BI); tip of zygomatic process of squamosal at or posterior to frontoparietal suture (BI); presence of a marked postorbital constriction (BI); occipital condyle elongated anteroposteriorly, in ventral view; absence of a median ridge of basisphenoid (BI); ventral edge of entotympanic extended into anteroventral process; posteroventral stylomastoid canal (BI); rugose posterior surface of glenoid; well-developed entoglenoid process; convex posterior margin of ulnar diaphysis, in lateral view (BI); presence of deep notch for medial cruciate (posterior) ligament in femur (BI); equivalent transverse diameters of discoid and odontoid facets of astragalus, in dorsal view (BI); posterior surface of fibular facet of astragalus greatly reduced dorsoventrally (BI); roughly right-angled facets for cuboid and metatarsal IV, in metatarsal V; and laterally oriented expansion of metatarsal V.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |