412 lines
60 KiB
XML
412 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document id="2E55C74FEE5B10381D9FFDDEB465E130" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5371775" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5371775" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630270963544" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Allain, Ronan & Aquesbi, Najat" docDate="2008" docId="03EF8786326A7415FD0E0827FBD361E9" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.2008.30.2.345-424.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 30 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:94524207C6714CF92F879FE43E306202.3:Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="94524207C6714CF92F879FE43E306202" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Tazoudasaurus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="399" masterDocId="FFD6FFFE32457423FFAB0D4BFFA4674A" masterDocTitle="Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco" masterLastPageNumber="424" masterPageNumber="345" pageNumber="392" updateTime="1699206808605" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="30E3050D7A042D2EFEBD22377C2B3637">Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="29FE37643DFCB7FD9BCCF1EF45ADA3DD" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="93C47C554A6CA002346E2A2D80E990E1">Allain, Ronan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="24F9CA48630F327E0EAAB40D1F00E292">Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Histoire de la Terre, UMR-CNRS 5143 “ Paléobiodiversité ”, case postale 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) and Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, équipe Évolution des Vertébrés et Paléoenvironnements, BP 2390, 40000 Marrakech (Morocco) rallain @ mnhn. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="860D2BC213C92D70278DC2C18E9943FC" type="email">rallain@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="01CD99535DE1150A4ED34F1450B20C99">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1635A13EFFC4344B7F5111B52D805AD1">Aquesbi, Najat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1E795383612056662ECFCD4CDC1F5A5B">Université Mohamed V, Faculté des Sciences, Rabat (Morocco)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="6F73BF32D9130FD4EC954C988A586456">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7FA19C1925F4FDE745A35C3626B8430E">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D84AFC4A375E54ED8F994C0431A138E5">30</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1CC92173222E164C778B115081DEFFD4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5371775</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EF8786326A7415FD0E0827FBD361E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF8786326A7415FD0E0827FBD361E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF8786326A7415FD0E0827FBD361E9" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="47" pageNumber="392">
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<subSubSection id="C35C651B326A740CFD0E0827FCA662EC" pageId="47" pageNumber="392" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF93690326A740CFD0E0827FCA662EC" blockId="47.[677,1136,1388,1446]" pageId="47" pageNumber="392">
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<heading id="D0B181FC326A740CFD0E0827FCA662EC" allCaps="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="392" reason="1">
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EARLY JUVENILE
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D13326A740CFC210827FBD462CC" baseAuthorityName="Cooper" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[906,1136,1388,1414]" class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Tazoudasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="47" pageNumber="392" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932EA82326A740CFC210827FBD462CC" box="[906,1136,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="392">TAZOUDASAURUS</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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BONES
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C651B326A7415FD0E0880FBD361E9" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="47" pageNumber="392" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF93690326A7413FD0E0880FF10614F" blockId="47.[677,1210,1483,1700]" lastBlockId="48.[113,647,1483,1541]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="47" pageNumber="392">
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Among the several hundred bones collected in Toundoute, some very small elements are perfectly preserved and can be confidently assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D13326A740CFBF60B41FD42610E" baseAuthorityName="Cooper" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Tazoudasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="47" pageNumber="392" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932EA82326A740CFBF60B41FD42610E" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="392">Tazoudasaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Because juvenile material of sauropods is relatively rare in the fossile record (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B61326A740CFB8B0B01FD4B61CE" author="NORMAN D. B. & WITMER L. M. & WEISHAMPEL D. B." pageId="47" pageNumber="392" pagination="325 - 334" refId="ref37664" refString="NORMAN D. B., WITMER L. M. & WEISHAMPEL D. B. 2004 b. - Basal Ornithischia, in WEISHAMPEL D. B., DODSON P. & OSMOLSKA H. (eds), The Dinosauria. Second edition. University of California Press, Berkeley: 325 - 334." type="book chapter" year="2004">
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Norman
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<emphasis id="B932EA82326A740CFB2D0B00FB1E612E" box="[1158,1210,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="392">et al.</emphasis>
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2004b
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</bibRefCitation>
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), some bones of these early juvenile sauropods are described below. A detailed ontogenetic and histological study is beyond the scope of this paper.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF39661832757413FFDA085FFBFA6223" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371852" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5371852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371852/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="393" startId="48.[113,124,1300,1317]" targetBox="[136,1161,216,1256]" targetPageId="48">
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<paragraph id="8BF9369032757413FFDA085FFBFA6223" blockId="48.[113,1211,1300,1385]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">
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FIG. 38. —
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D1332757413FF60085FFED2626F" authorityName="Allain, Aquesbi, Dejax, Meyer, Monbaron, Montenat, Richir, Rochdy, Russell & Taquet" authorityYear="2004" box="[203,374,1300,1317]" class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Tazoudasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="48" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naimi">
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<emphasis id="B932EA8232757413FF60085FFED2626F" box="[203,374,1300,1317]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">Tazoudasaurus naimi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, dorsal neural arch of a juvenile individual (To1-383):
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<emphasis id="B932EA8232757413FC82085FFC92626F" bold="true" box="[809,822,1300,1317]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">A</emphasis>
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, dorsal view;
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<emphasis id="B932EA8232757413FC0C085FFC10626F" bold="true" box="[935,948,1300,1317]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">B</emphasis>
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, ventral view;
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<emphasis id="B932EA8232757413FB82085FFB93626F" bold="true" box="[1065,1079,1300,1317]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">C</emphasis>
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, posterior view. Abbreviations:
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<emphasis id="B932EA8232757413FF5B0860FEB26276" bold="true" box="[240,278,1323,1340]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">acdl</emphasis>
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, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina;
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<emphasis id="B932EA8232757413FDF30860FDDE6276" bold="true" box="[600,634,1323,1340]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">cprl</emphasis>
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, centroprezygapophyseal lamina;
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<emphasis id="B932EA8232757413FC350860FC0A6276" bold="true" box="[926,942,1323,1340]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">di</emphasis>
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, diapophysis;
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<emphasis id="B932EA8232757413FB800860FBE56276" bold="true" box="[1067,1089,1323,1340]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">nc</emphasis>
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, neural canal;
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<emphasis id="B932EA8232757413FFDA080AFF356218" bold="true" box="[113,145,1345,1362]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">ncs</emphasis>
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, neurocentral suture;
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<emphasis id="B932EA8232757413FEEE080AFECF6218" bold="true" box="[325,363,1345,1362]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">pcdl</emphasis>
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, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina;
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<emphasis id="B932EA8232757413FD06080AFD706218" bold="true" box="[685,724,1345,1362]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">podl</emphasis>
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, postzygodiapophyseal lamina;
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<emphasis id="B932EA8232757413FC70080AFC5A6218" bold="true" box="[987,1022,1345,1362]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">prdl</emphasis>
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, prezygodiapophyseal lamina;
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<emphasis id="B932EA8232757413FF190813FF6A6223" bold="true" box="[178,206,1368,1385]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">prz</emphasis>
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, prezygapophysis;
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<emphasis id="B932EA8232757413FEDA0813FE376223" bold="true" box="[369,403,1368,1385]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">sprl</emphasis>
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, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina;
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<emphasis id="B932EA8232757413FD020813FD636223" bold="true" box="[681,711,1368,1385]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">tprl</emphasis>
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, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 5 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BF9369032757413FFDA0B60FE766109" blockId="48.[113,646,1579,1699]" box="[113,466,1579,1605]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">ANTERIOR DORSAL NEURAL ARCH</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9369032757413FFDA0B01FD2261E9" blockId="48.[113,646,1579,1699]" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">
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The incomplete neural arch of an anterior dorsal vertebra of a juvenile individual (MHNM To1- 383) has been recovered in Toundoute (
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<figureCitation id="137D2A1532757413FD820BC2FDDD61E9" box="[553,633,1673,1699]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="48.[113,124,1300,1317]" captionTargetBox="[136,1161,216,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-109@48.[113,1173,200,1292]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIG. 38. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, dorsal neural arch of a juvenile individual (To1-383):A, dorsal view; B, ventral view;C, posterior view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; ncs, neurocentral suture; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina;prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371852/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9369032757412FD0E0880FDF76406" blockId="48.[677,1210,1483,1700]" lastBlockId="49.[113,647,216,844]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">
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The left transverse process, the neural spine and the postzygapophyses are missing. The interdigitating neurocentral suture is clearly visible in ventral view (
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<figureCitation id="137D2A1532757413FD070B61FC90610F" box="[684,820,1578,1605]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="48.[113,124,1300,1317]" captionTargetBox="[136,1161,216,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-109@48.[113,1173,200,1292]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIG. 38. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, dorsal neural arch of a juvenile individual (To1-383):A, dorsal view; B, ventral view;C, posterior view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; ncs, neurocentral suture; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina;prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371852/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="393">Fig. 38C, D</figureCitation>
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), confirming the immaturity of the specimen. The parapophyses are not present on the neural arch and thus were located on the centrum, suggesting this was probably an anterior dorsal neural arch. The neural arch lamination is as well developed as in the adult specimen To1-69. Four diapophyseal laminae (acdl, pcdl, prdl, podl), and four zygapophyseal laminae (cprl, sprl, tprl, tpol) have been identified on the centrum (
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<tableCitation id="C6C4032B32747412FE530C1DFDE8663B" box="[504,588,342,369]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="18.[117,126,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Distribution of vertebral laminae in various vertebrae of Tazoudasaurus naimi and other sauropods, following the nomenclature of Wilson (2002). Abbreviations: 0, absent; 1, present;?, unknown; –, not applicable (parapophyseal laminae are not considered when parapophyses are only located on the centrum); Abbreviations: ant., anterior; cerv., cervical; dors., dorsal; mid., middle; post., posterior; see also abbreviations p. 350. Differences between Tazoudasaurus and the other sauropods are in bold." pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Table 2</tableCitation>
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), and the cpol is absent. The spinodiapophyseal lamina, which is very reduced in the anterior dorsal vertebra of the adult (see above), is absent in this juvenile vertebra. The articular facets of the prezygapophyses face dorsally (
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<figureCitation id="137D2A1532747412FE9B0CBEFE176545" box="[304,435,501,527]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="48.[113,124,1300,1317]" captionTargetBox="[136,1161,216,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-109@48.[113,1173,200,1292]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIG. 38. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, dorsal neural arch of a juvenile individual (To1-383):A, dorsal view; B, ventral view;C, posterior view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; ncs, neurocentral suture; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina;prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371852/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Fig. 38A, B</figureCitation>
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). The hyposphenehypantrum system is not developed in To1-383, and the tprl’s do not fuse to each other above the neural canal (
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<figureCitation id="137D2A1532747412FEAF0F1FFE266525" box="[260,386,596,623]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="48.[113,124,1300,1317]" captionTargetBox="[136,1161,216,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-109@48.[113,1173,200,1292]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIG. 38. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, dorsal neural arch of a juvenile individual (To1-383):A, dorsal view; B, ventral view;C, posterior view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; ncs, neurocentral suture; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina;prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371852/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Fig. 38E, F</figureCitation>
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). Each tprl defines with the cprl and the dorsolateral margin of the neural canal a deep fossa on the anterior surface of the neural arch as in To1-69, but without additional lamina inside the fossa (
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<figureCitation id="137D2A1532747412FECC0F98FE4465A7" box="[359,480,723,749]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="48.[113,124,1300,1317]" captionTargetBox="[136,1161,216,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-109@48.[113,1173,200,1292]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIG. 38. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, dorsal neural arch of a juvenile individual (To1-383):A, dorsal view; B, ventral view;C, posterior view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; ncs, neurocentral suture; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina;prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371852/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Fig. 38E, F</figureCitation>
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). The transverse process is directed laterally. The tpol’s meet above the neural canal but extend laterally to the neural canal, and thus form an X, in posterior view.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9369032747412FFDA0E39FEB064C0" blockId="49.[113,647,882,1699]" box="[113,276,882,908]" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">LEFT HUMERUS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9369032747412FFDA0EDAFE9261E9" blockId="49.[113,647,882,1699]" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">
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The left juvenile humerus (MHNM To1-93) is only 18% the length of the largest known adult humerus (Pt-1) (
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<figureCitation id="137D2A1532747412FE830E9BFED164A0" box="[296,373,976,1002]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="50.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[153,1184,219,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-93@50.[141,1184,217,1592]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIG. 39. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, left humerus of a juvenile individual (To1-93): A, B, anterior view; C, D, posterior view; E, F, medial view; G, H, lateral view; I, J, proximal view. Abbreviations: dpc, deltopectoral crest, hh, humeral head; rac, radial condyle; ulc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371854/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
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A-J;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C4032B32747412FE0C0E9BFE5F64A0" box="[423,507,976,1002]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="28.[113,122,221,238]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Measurements (in mm) of forelimb elements of Tazoudasaurus naimi. Abbreviations: e, estimated; L, length; Prow, transverse width of proximal end; Prol, anteroposterior length of proximal end; Medw, transverse width of the shaft at midlength; Medl, anteroposterior length of the shaft at midlength; Disw, transverse width of distal end; Disl, transverse length of distal end." pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Its circumference/length ratio (0.35) is slightly less than that of the adult (0.39). The proximal end is less expanded transversely and is 13% of the adult proximal width. Similarly, the distal end is less expanded anteroposteriorly with a length which is only 8% of the length of To1-193 while it is 14% in Pt1. In medial view, the humerus is slightly sigmoidal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532747412FE950986FE1963A2" box="[318,445,1229,1256]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="50.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[153,1184,219,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-93@50.[141,1184,217,1592]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIG. 39. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, left humerus of a juvenile individual (To1-93): A, B, anterior view; C, D, posterior view; E, F, medial view; G, H, lateral view; I, J, proximal view. Abbreviations: dpc, deltopectoral crest, hh, humeral head; rac, radial condyle; ulc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371854/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Fig. 39E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its lateral margin is nearly straight on its entire length in anterior and posterior views (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532747412FEF20846FE0D626D" box="[345,425,1293,1319]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="50.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[153,1184,219,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-93@50.[141,1184,217,1592]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIG. 39. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, left humerus of a juvenile individual (To1-93): A, B, anterior view; C, D, posterior view; E, F, medial view; G, H, lateral view; I, J, proximal view. Abbreviations: dpc, deltopectoral crest, hh, humeral head; rac, radial condyle; ulc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371854/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
A-D). The proximal end is compressed anteroposteriorly. Its anterior surface is more concave than in the adult specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532747412FFD20827FE8362CD" box="[121,295,1388,1415]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="50.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[153,1184,219,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-93@50.[141,1184,217,1592]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIG. 39. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, left humerus of a juvenile individual (To1-93): A, B, anterior view; C, D, posterior view; E, F, medial view; G, H, lateral view; I, J, proximal view. Abbreviations: dpc, deltopectoral crest, hh, humeral head; rac, radial condyle; ulc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371854/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Fig. 39A, B, I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). The deltopectoral crest extends down the anterolateral margin of the humerus over
|
||
<quantity id="4CBE9B7532747412FF0208E0FF59628C" box="[169,253,1451,1478]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="49" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
|
||
, which represents 44% of the total length of the bone (49% in Pt-1), and is slightly more prominent than in the adult humerus. The crest running over the anterolateral margin of the distal end of the humerus is absent in the juvenile specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532747412FF4F0B01FEC9612E" box="[228,365,1610,1636]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="50.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[153,1184,219,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-93@50.[141,1184,217,1592]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIG. 39. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, left humerus of a juvenile individual (To1-93): A, B, anterior view; C, D, posterior view; E, F, medial view; G, H, lateral view; I, J, proximal view. Abbreviations: dpc, deltopectoral crest, hh, humeral head; rac, radial condyle; ulc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371854/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Fig. 39G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). As in Pt-1, the distal end is rotated about 15° anticlockwise with respect to the proximal end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032747412FD0E0D93FCBD67BA" blockId="49.[677,1210,216,1255]" box="[677,793,216,242]" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">LEFT ULNA</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032747412FD0E0DBCFC3163AD" blockId="49.[677,1210,216,1255]" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">
|
||
The juvenile left ulna MHNM To1-374 is better preserved than the adult ulna (Pt-24) described above. It is a slender bone, which is 30% the length of the largest known adult ulna (Pt-24) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532747412FBEA0C1DFB11663B" box="[1089,1205,342,369]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="51.[113,124,944,961]" captionTargetBox="[117,1207,213,907]" captionTargetId="figure-100@51.[117,1207,213,907]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIG. 40. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, left ulna of a juvenile individual (To1-374): A, anterior view;B, posterior view; C, lateral view;D, medial view; E, proximal view; F, distal view. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process of the ulna; amp, anteromedial process of the ulna; ol, olecranon area; raf, radial fossa; ras, radial articular surface. Arrow indicates the anterior direction. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371856/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Fig. 40A F</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C4032B32747412FD0E0C3DFD5366DA" box="[677,759,374,400]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="28.[113,122,221,238]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Measurements (in mm) of forelimb elements of Tazoudasaurus naimi. Abbreviations: e, estimated; L, length; Prow, transverse width of proximal end; Prol, anteroposterior length of proximal end; Medw, transverse width of the shaft at midlength; Medl, anteroposterior length of the shaft at midlength; Disw, transverse width of distal end; Disl, transverse length of distal end." pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Its circumference/length ratio (0.37) is not substantially different than that of the adult (0.34). The proximal end is triradiate, but one of the processes is broken distally. This bone was first thought to be a right ulna, but according to the complete left manus found articulated with a distal radius and ulna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532747412FCC90F7FFC176504" box="[866,947,564,590]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[113,123,1657,1674]" captionTargetBox="[165,1164,247,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-123@32.[522,706,858,1510]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 23. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, left manus (To2-112):A, B, lateral view;C, D, medial view.Abbreviations:ca, carpal;mc, metacarpal (I-V) ra, radius; ul, ulna; arabic numerals indicate phalanges. Arrows indicate the anterior direction. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371822/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
), it would appear to be the left ulna, the anteromedial process of which is broken (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532747412FD550F3FFC3B65C4" box="[766,927,628,654]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="51.[113,124,944,961]" captionTargetBox="[117,1207,213,907]" captionTargetId="figure-100@51.[117,1207,213,907]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIG. 40. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, left ulna of a juvenile individual (To1-374): A, anterior view;B, posterior view; C, lateral view;D, medial view; E, proximal view; F, distal view. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process of the ulna; amp, anteromedial process of the ulna; ol, olecranon area; raf, radial fossa; ras, radial articular surface. Arrow indicates the anterior direction. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371856/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Fig. 40A, C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterolateral process is more developed than in the adult specimen and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D1332747412FD6F0FF8FCE46587" baseAuthorityName="Cooper" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[708,832,691,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Vulcanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="49" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232747412FD6F0FF8FCE46587" box="[708,832,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Vulcanodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and must be only slightly shorter than the anteromedial process. The radial fossa is deeper than in the adult specimen. The proximal articular surface lacks an olecranon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532747412FB870E59FBDE6466" box="[1068,1146,786,812]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="51.[113,124,944,961]" captionTargetBox="[117,1207,213,907]" captionTargetId="figure-100@51.[117,1207,213,907]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIG. 40. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, left ulna of a juvenile individual (To1-374): A, anterior view;B, posterior view; C, lateral view;D, medial view; E, proximal view; F, distal view. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process of the ulna; amp, anteromedial process of the ulna; ol, olecranon area; raf, radial fossa; ras, radial articular surface. Arrow indicates the anterior direction. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371856/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
A-D). The medial surface of the anteromedial process is slightly concave, whereas the lateral surface of the anterolateral process is slightly convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532747412FBE70E3AFB0A64C1" box="[1100,1198,881,907]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="51.[113,124,944,961]" captionTargetBox="[117,1207,213,907]" captionTargetId="figure-100@51.[117,1207,213,907]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIG. 40. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, left ulna of a juvenile individual (To1-374): A, anterior view;B, posterior view; C, lateral view;D, medial view; E, proximal view; F, distal view. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process of the ulna; amp, anteromedial process of the ulna; ol, olecranon area; raf, radial fossa; ras, radial articular surface. Arrow indicates the anterior direction. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371856/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Fig. 40E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Below the proximal end, the shaft of the ulna is subtriangular in cross section, with the apex directed anteriorly. The shaft of the ulna is concave laterally and medially and straight posteriorly. The distal end is elliptical with an almost laterally directed long axis. A small bump and roughened ridges mark the contact of the radius on the lateral side of the anterior surface of the ulna, but these are not as prominent as in the adult specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532747412FBE309C5FB0A63E2" box="[1096,1198,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="51.[113,124,944,961]" captionTargetBox="[117,1207,213,907]" captionTargetId="figure-100@51.[117,1207,213,907]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIG. 40. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, left ulna of a juvenile individual (To1-374): A, anterior view;B, posterior view; C, lateral view;D, medial view; E, proximal view; F, distal view. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process of the ulna; amp, anteromedial process of the ulna; ol, olecranon area; raf, radial fossa; ras, radial articular surface. Arrow indicates the anterior direction. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371856/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Fig. 40A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The rugose distal articular surface of the ulna is expanded transversely.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032747412FD0E0846FCEA626F" blockId="49.[677,1210,1293,1699]" box="[677,846,1293,1319]" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">RIGHT ISCHIUM</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032747410FD0E0866FE5E62AF" blockId="49.[677,1210,1293,1699]" lastBlockId="51.[113,647,1071,1509]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="49" pageNumber="394">
|
||
The maximum width across the proximal end of the right juvenile ischium MHNM To1-379 is 24% that of the adult specimen (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C4032B32747412FC1C0827FBAC62CD" box="[951,1032,1388,1415]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="36.[225,234,221,238]" captionText="TABLE 5. — Measurements (in mm) of pelvis elements of Tazoudasaurus naimi. Abbreviation: e, estimated." pageId="49" pageNumber="394">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). Only the distalmost part of the ischium is missing (Fig. 41). The mildly convex proximal end of the iliac peduncle is elliptical in outline, with the long axis of this ellipse directed anteroposteriorly. The pubic peduncle is as long as the iliac peduncle and is also elliptical in outline. The acetabular surface slopes medially and has an upstanding medial rim (Fig. 41C, D). As in the adult specimen, the blade of the ischium is thicker posterodorsally than anteroventrally where it is articulated with the left ischium. The ischial blade is thus triangular in cross section. A prominent groove extends along the laterodorsal margin of the proximal part of the blade (Fig. 41A, B). Unlike the adult specimen, the angle between the blade and the pubic peduncle is greater than that between the blade and the iliac peduncle, implying that the ischium was more ventrally directed in juvenile individuals. The distal blade is slightly twisted laterally relative to the plane of the proximal plate, but both ischia would meet on an angle, forming a triangle in distal view, unlike macronarians (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6132767410FF0C08E0FE05628F" author="WILSON J. A. & SERENO P. C." box="[167,417,1451,1477]" pageId="51" pageNumber="396" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref39913" refString="WILSON J. A. & SERENO P. C. 1998. - Early evolution and higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Memoirs of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The distal end of the ischium is expanded ventromedially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF39661832777411FFDA0B28FEF461EB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371854" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5371854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371854/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="395" startId="50.[113,124,1635,1652]" targetBox="[153,1184,219,1586]" targetPageId="50">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032777411FFDA0B28FEF461EB" blockId="50.[113,1209,1635,1697]" pageId="50" pageNumber="395">
|
||
FIG. 39. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D1332777411FF670B28FEDD613E" authorityName="Allain, Aquesbi, Dejax, Meyer, Monbaron, Montenat, Richir, Rochdy, Russell & Taquet" authorityYear="2004" box="[204,377,1635,1652]" class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Tazoudasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="50" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naimi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232777411FF670B28FEDD613E" box="[204,377,1635,1652]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="395">Tazoudasaurus naimi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, left humerus of a juvenile individual (To1-93):
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232777411FD550B28FCAF613E" bold="true" box="[766,779,1635,1652]" pageId="50" pageNumber="395">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232777411FCBD0B28FC87613E" bold="true" box="[790,803,1635,1652]" pageId="50" pageNumber="395">B</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232777411FC080B28FC15613E" bold="true" box="[931,945,1635,1652]" pageId="50" pageNumber="395">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232777411FC170B28FC6E613E" bold="true" box="[956,970,1635,1652]" pageId="50" pageNumber="395">D</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232777411FBFE0B28FBC5613E" bold="true" box="[1109,1121,1635,1652]" pageId="50" pageNumber="395">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232777411FBC70B28FBD3613E" bold="true" box="[1132,1143,1635,1652]" pageId="50" pageNumber="395">F</emphasis>
|
||
, medial view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232777411FF0A0B32FF0B61C0" bold="true" box="[161,175,1657,1674]" pageId="50" pageNumber="395">G</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232777411FF110B32FF6C61C0" bold="true" box="[186,200,1657,1674]" pageId="50" pageNumber="395">H</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232777411FE910B32FE9B61C0" bold="true" box="[314,319,1657,1674]" pageId="50" pageNumber="395">I</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232777411FEE10B32FEF061C0" bold="true" box="[330,340,1657,1674]" pageId="50" pageNumber="395">J</emphasis>
|
||
, proximal view. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232777411FDFD0B32FDDC61C0" bold="true" box="[598,632,1657,1674]" pageId="50" pageNumber="395">dpc</emphasis>
|
||
, deltopectoral crest,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232777411FC820B32FC9B61C0" bold="true" box="[809,831,1657,1674]" pageId="50" pageNumber="395">hh</emphasis>
|
||
, humeral head;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232777411FC6E0B32FC4661C0" bold="true" box="[965,994,1657,1674]" pageId="50" pageNumber="395">rac</emphasis>
|
||
, radial condyle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232777411FBC00B32FB2261C0" bold="true" box="[1131,1158,1657,1674]" pageId="50" pageNumber="395">ulc</emphasis>
|
||
, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF39661832767410FFDA0EFBFBEB64A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371856" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5371856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371856/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="396" startId="51.[113,124,944,961]" targetBox="[117,1207,213,907]" targetPageId="51">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032767410FFDA0EFBFBEB64A4" blockId="51.[113,1211,944,1006]" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">
|
||
FIG. 40. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D1332767410FF600EFBFED2648B" authorityName="Allain, Aquesbi, Dejax, Meyer, Monbaron, Montenat, Richir, Rochdy, Russell & Taquet" authorityYear="2004" box="[203,374,944,961]" class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Tazoudasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="51" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naimi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232767410FF600EFBFED2648B" box="[203,374,944,961]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">Tazoudasaurus naimi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, left ulna of a juvenile individual (To1-374):
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232767410FD780EFBFD44648B" bold="true" box="[723,736,944,961]" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">A</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232767410FCF00EFBFCCC648B" bold="true" box="[859,872,944,961]" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">B</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232767410FC440EFBFC59648B" bold="true" box="[1007,1021,944,961]" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">C</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232767410FBC00EFBFBDD648B" bold="true" box="[1131,1145,944,961]" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">D</emphasis>
|
||
, medial view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232767410FF090E8CFF0A6492" bold="true" box="[162,174,967,984]" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">E</emphasis>
|
||
, proximal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232767410FE930E8CFEE76492" bold="true" box="[312,323,967,984]" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">F</emphasis>
|
||
, distal view. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232767410FD850E8CFDED6492" bold="true" box="[558,585,967,984]" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">alp</emphasis>
|
||
, anterolateral process of the ulna;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232767410FCC50E8CFC316492" bold="true" box="[878,917,967,984]" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">amp</emphasis>
|
||
, anteromedial process of the ulna;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232767410FFDA0E96FF2564A4" bold="true" box="[113,129,989,1006]" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">ol</emphasis>
|
||
, olecranon area;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232767410FEB90E96FE8E64A4" bold="true" box="[274,298,989,1006]" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">raf</emphasis>
|
||
, radial fossa;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232767410FE340E96FE1F64A4" bold="true" box="[415,443,989,1006]" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">ras</emphasis>
|
||
, radial articular surface. Arrow indicates the anterior direction. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032767410FFDA0B40FF196169" blockId="51.[113,647,1547,1699]" box="[113,189,1547,1573]" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">FEMUR</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032767410FFDA0B61FB2662EC" blockId="51.[113,647,1547,1699]" lastBlockId="51.[677,1210,1071,1446]" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">
|
||
The right juvenile femur (MHNM To1-256) is 24% the length of the longest femur To1’-381. Although it is complete, this femur is severely crushed anteroposteriorly, and thus lost its shape in its distal half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532767410FD070964FD5C6303" box="[684,760,1071,1097]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="52.[113,124,1634,1651]" captionTargetBox="[126,1194,996,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-89@52.[117,1207,991,1590]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIG. 42. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, right femur of a juvenile individual (To1-256): A, B, anterior view; C, D, posterior view; E, F, medial view. Abbreviations: fic, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; gt, great trochanter; lt, lesser trochanter; tic, tibial condyle. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371858/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
). The juvenile femur is straight and anteroposteriorly compressed.The head of the femur is direct- ed dorsomedially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532767410FCF50925FC7363C3" box="[862,983,1134,1161]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="52.[113,124,1634,1651]" captionTargetBox="[126,1194,996,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-89@52.[117,1207,991,1590]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIG. 42. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, right femur of a juvenile individual (To1-256): A, B, anterior view; C, D, posterior view; E, F, medial view. Abbreviations: fic, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; gt, great trochanter; lt, lesser trochanter; tic, tibial condyle. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371858/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">Fig. 42A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lesser trochanter is clearly visible and extends as a developed ridge on the anterolateral margin of the femur, terminating about
|
||
<quantity id="4CBE9B7532767410FD4F0985FC9A63A2" box="[740,830,1230,1256]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="51" pageNumber="396" unit="mm" value="104.0">104 mm</quantity>
|
||
below the femoral head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532767410FB930986FB2563A2" box="[1080,1153,1229,1256]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="52.[113,124,1634,1651]" captionTargetBox="[126,1194,996,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-89@52.[117,1207,991,1590]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIG. 42. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, right femur of a juvenile individual (To1-256): A, B, anterior view; C, D, posterior view; E, F, medial view. Abbreviations: fic, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; gt, great trochanter; lt, lesser trochanter; tic, tibial condyle. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371858/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
A-E). The fourth trochanter, which lies at the posteromedial margin of the femur, is more prominent than in the adult specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532767410FCF90866FC39620D" box="[850,925,1325,1351]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="52.[113,124,1634,1651]" captionTargetBox="[126,1194,996,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-89@52.[117,1207,991,1590]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIG. 42. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, right femur of a juvenile individual (To1-256): A, B, anterior view; C, D, posterior view; E, F, medial view. Abbreviations: fic, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; gt, great trochanter; lt, lesser trochanter; tic, tibial condyle. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371858/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
C-F). A deep intercondylar groove separates the fibular and rounded tibial condyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532767410FD4D0827FCC362CD" box="[742,871,1388,1415]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="52.[113,124,1634,1651]" captionTargetBox="[126,1194,996,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-89@52.[117,1207,991,1590]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIG. 42. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, right femur of a juvenile individual (To1-256): A, B, anterior view; C, D, posterior view; E, F, medial view. Abbreviations: fic, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; gt, great trochanter; lt, lesser trochanter; tic, tibial condyle. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371858/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">Fig. 42C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Poor preservation prevents any assessment of the extent of the distal condyles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032767410FD0E0887FCBE62AE" blockId="51.[677,1210,1484,1700]" box="[677,794,1484,1510]" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">LEFT TIBIA</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032767417FD0E08A0FBDB65B3" blockId="51.[677,1210,1484,1700]" lastBlockId="52.[113,1211,741,869]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">
|
||
The juvenile left tibia (MHNM To1-76) is 35% the length of the largest known tibia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D1332767410FB880B41FB1D616E" baseAuthorityName="Cooper" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[1059,1209,1546,1572]" class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Tazoudasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="51" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232767410FB880B41FB1D616E" box="[1059,1209,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">Tazoudasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(To1’-380) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532767410FC890B61FCCA610E" box="[802,878,1578,1604]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="53.[113,124,1378,1395]" captionTargetBox="[132,1200,221,1332]" captionTargetId="figure-97@53.[121,1212,210,1343]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIG. 43. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, left tibia of a juvenile individual (To1-76): A, B, lateral view; C, D, medial view; E, F, anterior view; G, H, posterior view;I, J, proximal view;K, L, distal view.Abbreviations:aspa, articular surface for the ascending process;cc, cnemial crest; pvp, posteroventral process. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371860/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="396">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
). The circumference/length ratio of the juvenile tibia (0.48) is equivalent to that of the adult (0.49). The shaft of the tibia is less compressed transeversely, its mediolateral width at midlength ilpd ilpd
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032717417FFDA0E75FCE6642F" blockId="52.[113,1211,741,869]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">
|
||
FIG. 41. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D1332717417FF650E75FEDA6405" authorityName="Allain, Aquesbi, Dejax, Meyer, Monbaron, Montenat, Richir, Rochdy, Russell & Taquet" authorityYear="2004" box="[206,382,830,847]" class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Tazoudasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naimi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FF650E75FEDA6405" box="[206,382,830,847]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">Tazoudasaurus naimi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right ischium (To1-379):
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FDF20E75FDC26405" bold="true" box="[601,614,830,847]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FDDA0E75FDDA6405" bold="true" box="[625,638,830,847]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">B</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FD5D0E75FCA06405" bold="true" box="[758,772,830,847]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FCBB0E75FCBA6405" bold="true" box="[784,798,830,847]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">D</emphasis>
|
||
, proximal view. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FB820E75FBE16405" bold="true" box="[1065,1093,830,847]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">act</emphasis>
|
||
, acetabulum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FFDA0E1FFF20642F" bold="true" box="[113,132,852,869]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">gr</emphasis>
|
||
, groove;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FF790E1FFF56642F" bold="true" box="[210,242,852,869]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">ilpd</emphasis>
|
||
, iliac peduncle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FED10E1FFE03642F" bold="true" box="[378,423,852,869]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">pupd</emphasis>
|
||
, pubic peduncle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FD960E1FFDF5642F" bold="true" box="[573,593,852,869]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">sy</emphasis>
|
||
, symphisis. Scale bar:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBE9B7532717417FCB90E1FFC9A642F" box="[786,830,852,869]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="397" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF39661832717417FFDA0B29FEE361EB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371858" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5371858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371858/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="397" startId="52.[113,124,1634,1651]" targetBox="[126,1194,996,1556]" targetPageId="52">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032717417FFDA0B29FEE361EB" blockId="52.[113,1209,1515,1697]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">
|
||
FIG. 42. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D1332717417FF670B29FEDD6139" authorityName="Allain, Aquesbi, Dejax, Meyer, Monbaron, Montenat, Richir, Rochdy, Russell & Taquet" authorityYear="2004" box="[204,377,1634,1651]" class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Tazoudasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naimi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FF670B29FEDD6139" box="[204,377,1634,1651]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">Tazoudasaurus naimi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right femur of a juvenile individual (To1-256):
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FD560B29FCAE6139" bold="true" box="[765,778,1634,1651]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FCBE0B29FC866139" bold="true" box="[789,802,1634,1651]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">B</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FC080B29FC156139" bold="true" box="[931,945,1634,1651]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FC170B29FC6E6139" bold="true" box="[956,970,1634,1651]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">D</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FBFE0B29FBC56139" bold="true" box="[1109,1121,1634,1651]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FBC70B29FBD36139" bold="true" box="[1132,1143,1634,1651]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">F</emphasis>
|
||
, medial view. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FEB40B32FE9161C0" bold="true" box="[287,309,1657,1674]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">fic</emphasis>
|
||
, fibular condyle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FE620B32FE7E61C0" bold="true" box="[457,474,1657,1674]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">fh</emphasis>
|
||
, femoral head;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FDCB0B32FDC961C0" bold="true" box="[608,621,1657,1674]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">ft</emphasis>
|
||
, fourth trochanter;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FCBA0B32FC8761C0" bold="true" box="[785,803,1657,1674]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">gt</emphasis>
|
||
, great trochanter;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FC6A0B32FC6861C0" bold="true" box="[961,972,1657,1674]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">lt</emphasis>
|
||
, lesser trochanter;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232717417FBDB0B32FB2261C0" bold="true" box="[1136,1158,1657,1674]" pageId="52" pageNumber="397">tic</emphasis>
|
||
, tibial condyle. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF39661832707416FFDA0829FD8862EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371860" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5371860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371860/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="398" startId="53.[113,124,1378,1395]" targetBox="[132,1200,221,1332]" targetPageId="53">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032707416FFDA0829FD8862EA" blockId="53.[113,1211,1378,1440]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">
|
||
FIG. 43. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D1332707416FF660829FEDE6239" authorityName="Allain, Aquesbi, Dejax, Meyer, Monbaron, Montenat, Richir, Rochdy, Russell & Taquet" authorityYear="2004" box="[205,378,1378,1395]" class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Tazoudasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="53" pageNumber="398" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naimi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FF660829FEDE6239" box="[205,378,1378,1395]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">Tazoudasaurus naimi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, left tibia of a juvenile individual (To1-76):
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FD740829FD486239" bold="true" box="[735,748,1378,1395]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FD5C0829FCA06239" bold="true" box="[759,772,1378,1395]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">B</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FCD20829FC236239" bold="true" box="[889,903,1378,1395]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FC380829FC056239" bold="true" box="[915,929,1378,1395]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">D</emphasis>
|
||
, medial view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FBB00829FB836239" bold="true" box="[1051,1063,1378,1395]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FB990829FB996239" bold="true" box="[1074,1085,1378,1395]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">F</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FFDA0833FFDB62C3" bold="true" box="[113,127,1400,1417]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">G</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FF220833FF3362C3" bold="true" box="[137,151,1400,1417]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">H</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FEB60833FE8762C3" bold="true" box="[285,291,1400,1417]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">I</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FE870833FE9262C3" bold="true" box="[300,310,1400,1417]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">J</emphasis>
|
||
, proximal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FE110833FE6362C3" bold="true" box="[442,455,1400,1417]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">K</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FE7A0833FE7862C3" bold="true" box="[465,476,1400,1417]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">L</emphasis>
|
||
, distal view.Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FD140833FD4E62C3" bold="true" box="[703,746,1400,1417]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">aspa</emphasis>
|
||
, articular surface for the ascending process;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FBF10833FBCB62C3" bold="true" box="[1114,1135,1400,1417]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">cc</emphasis>
|
||
, cnemial crest;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FF0E08C4FF6262EA" bold="true" box="[165,198,1423,1440]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">pvp</emphasis>
|
||
, posteroventral process. Scale bars: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032707416FFDA0880FDCF616F" blockId="53.[113,647,1483,1573]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">
|
||
being 52% its anteroposterior length, otherwise the morphology of the juvenile tibia is in all respects identical to that of the adult specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1532707416FDBB0B41FDFB616F" box="[528,607,1546,1573]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="53.[113,124,1378,1395]" captionTargetBox="[132,1200,221,1332]" captionTargetId="figure-97@53.[121,1212,210,1343]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIG. 43. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, left tibia of a juvenile individual (To1-76): A, B, lateral view; C, D, medial view; E, F, anterior view; G, H, posterior view;I, J, proximal view;K, L, distal view.Abbreviations:aspa, articular surface for the ascending process;cc, cnemial crest; pvp, posteroventral process. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371860/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032707416FFDA0B01FF7E612E" blockId="53.[113,646,1610,1700]" box="[113,218,1610,1636]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232707416FFDA0B01FF7E612E" box="[113,218,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">Astragalus</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032707416FFDA0B22FB1D61E9" blockId="53.[113,646,1610,1700]" lastBlockId="53.[677,1210,1483,1700]" pageId="53" pageNumber="398">The mediolateral width of the juvenile astragalus (MHNM To1-135) is 39% that of the adult specimen described above.Most of the outer surface of the bone is shaved away, which suggests that the ossification of the astragalus was not complete (Fig. 44). The shape of the juvenile astragalus is similar to that of the adult, with a subrectangular outline in proximal view (Fig. 44C, D), and a wedge-shaped in anterior and posterior views (Fig. 44A, B). The smooth</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032737415FBD80C79FB9963A5" blockId="54.[1133,1167,306,448]" lastBlockId="54.[114,1212,1243,1376]" pageId="54" pageNumber="399">pf cas asp cas cas</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032737415FFD90869FF58622A" blockId="54.[114,1212,1243,1376]" pageId="54" pageNumber="399">
|
||
FIG. 44. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D1332737415FF670869FEDC6279" authorityName="Allain, Aquesbi, Dejax, Meyer, Monbaron, Montenat, Richir, Rochdy, Russell & Taquet" authorityYear="2004" box="[204,376,1314,1331]" class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Tazoudasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="54" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naimi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232737415FF670869FEDC6279" box="[204,376,1314,1331]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="399">Tazoudasaurus naimi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right astragalus (To1-135):
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232737415FDF60869FDCE6279" bold="true" box="[605,618,1314,1331]" pageId="54" pageNumber="399">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232737415FDDF0869FD256279" bold="true" box="[628,641,1314,1331]" pageId="54" pageNumber="399">B</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232737415FCA20869FCB36279" bold="true" box="[777,791,1314,1331]" pageId="54" pageNumber="399">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232737415FC8B0869FC8A6279" bold="true" box="[800,814,1314,1331]" pageId="54" pageNumber="399">D</emphasis>
|
||
, proximal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232737415FC180869FC1B6279" bold="true" box="[947,959,1314,1331]" pageId="54" pageNumber="399">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232737415FC620869FC706279" bold="true" box="[969,980,1314,1331]" pageId="54" pageNumber="399">F</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view.Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232737415FFD90873FF366203" bold="true" box="[114,146,1336,1353]" pageId="54" pageNumber="399">asp</emphasis>
|
||
, ascending process of the astragalus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232737415FE730873FE536203" bold="true" box="[472,503,1336,1353]" pageId="54" pageNumber="399">cas</emphasis>
|
||
, calcaneal articular surface;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232737415FD4C0873FD5D6203" bold="true" box="[743,761,1336,1353]" pageId="54" pageNumber="399">cr</emphasis>
|
||
, crest;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232737415FC930873FCEE6203" bold="true" box="[824,842,1336,1353]" pageId="54" pageNumber="399">pf</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior fossa;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8232737415FC770873FC536203" bold="true" box="[988,1015,1336,1353]" pageId="54" pageNumber="399">tas</emphasis>
|
||
, tibial articular surface. Scale bar:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBE9B7532737415FF670804FF5C622A" box="[204,248,1359,1376]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="399" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369032737415FFDA08E0FBD361E9" blockId="54.[113,647,1451,1699]" lastBlockId="54.[677,1210,1451,1700]" pageId="54" pageNumber="399">and concave lateral fibular articular surface is more elliptical than in the adult astragalus (Fig. 44E, F). The ascending process is directed dorsoposteriorly, but its posterior extension is less than in the adult specimen and the ascending process fails to reach the posterolateral margin of astragalus (Fig. 44C, D). The main difference between the juvenile and adult specimens is in the shape of the proximal articular surface. The posterior fossa of the astragalus is undivided in the juvenile specimen and it faces more laterally. It is separated from the tibial articular surface by a sharp crest which extends from the posteromedial corner of the ascending process to the posterior tongue of the astragalus (Fig. 44C, D). The tibial articular surface is larger than in To1-31 and occupies more than a half of the transverse length of the astragalus.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |