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<document id="E17D779F1C6565A701E7D7BD338CBB02" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5423530" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630388808967" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Lyra, Goia De Mattos, Nunes, José Marcos De Castro, Pestana, Edilene Maria Dos Santos, Matos, João Carlos Gama De, Caires, Taiara Aguiar, Jesus, Priscila Barreto De, Costa, Emmanuelle Da Silva &amp; Oliveira, Mariana Cabral" docDate="2021" docId="EE306A4EFFCA9328FF28FA3A1DCAFD58" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.496.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 496 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Gracilariopsis E. Y. Dawson 1949" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="12091236FFDD9331FFA0FFCC1D10FFD4" masterDocTitle="Diversity Of Gracilariaceae (Rhodophyta) In Brazil: Integrating Morphological And Molecular Data" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1699257015922" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="337DB60D555100E2877266E7D116FDD0">Diversity Of Gracilariaceae (Rhodophyta) In Brazil: Integrating Morphological And Molecular Data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C4BA18954F24A9FD4B6B69F592D4E7F4">Lyra, Goia De Mattos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="13396B76778B38F195CA8AA27C9CB9E9">Laboratório de Algas Marinhas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s / n, Salvador, Bahia 40170 - 115, Brazil. &amp; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s / n, Feira de Santana, Bahia 44031 - 460, Brazil. &amp; goialyra @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9416 - 9194</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FDC7477B38CB97348F4B6351904C1C0D">Nunes, José Marcos De Castro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D5907EB9BCE3D6E4AFD19205E7426054">Laboratório de Algas Marinhas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s / n, Salvador, Bahia 40170 - 115, Brazil. &amp; jmcnunes 2000 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7142 - 5995</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A03865FFCADF02D9F67D764D58B43619">Pestana, Edilene Maria Dos Santos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E3F66F990D2F4982DEE86C25F7415232">Laboratório de Algas Marinhas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s / n, Salvador, Bahia 40170 - 115, Brazil. &amp; edimpestana @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3698 - 573 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2CD2011D72E198827F4F8E7515C76599">Matos, João Carlos Gama De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D6B23C4ADED4E5C897FB76DB952F1CAB">Caires, Taiara Aguiar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A393C5FA3A0FF6070AAFAE99AE2F9EFE">Jesus, Priscila Barreto De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9BC0012931DD78ABE620A72C4C7FE0CD">Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Arcturus 03, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo 09606 - 070, Brazil. &amp; priscilla _ b. j @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6072 - 1422</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4986D693B6E58475DED29E64AF957C37">Costa, Emmanuelle Da Silva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ECFB27DBD53183F22230E480F92BBF46">Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508 - 090, Brazil. &amp; emmanuellescosta @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6883 - 2362</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="27533A6B6906DE2A7196E30D79B361BF">Oliveira, Mariana Cabral</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="07BA0CF4BE012585543EAA0F101EE96F">Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508 - 090, Brazil. &amp; mcdolive @ usp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8495 - 2962</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D2E8C8945CB1F0C5CA2896361463071B">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D81C05FC394F8E8C037A8A5415FDAE0E">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9CE9B17D95E544349B4CFDAFDBBC7AFA">496</mods:number>
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<heading id="3D6E6C34FFCA9326FF28FA3A1F14F9C4" box="[136,516,1526,1553]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="A199A0DBFFCA9326FF28FA3A1F14F9C4" ID-CoL="4QJD" authority="E. Y. Dawson 1949" authorityName="E. Y. Dawson" authorityYear="1949" box="[136,516,1526,1553]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Gracilariaceae" genus="Gracilariopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="54ED074AFFCA9326FF28FA3A1C3BF9C5" bold="true" box="[136,299,1526,1553]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gracilariopsis</emphasis>
E.Y.
<bibRefCitation id="0208A6A9FFCA9326FEC9FA3B1F14F9C4" author="Dawson, E. Y." box="[361,516,1526,1553]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref19347" refString="Dawson, E. Y. (1949) Studies of the northeast Pacific Gracilariaceae. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation 7: 1 - 105, 25 plates." type="book chapter" year="1949">Dawson 1949</bibRefCitation>
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species:
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<emphasis id="54ED074AFFCA9326FEACF9D21CE8F9E7" box="[268,504,1566,1587]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gracilariopsis sjoestedii</emphasis>
(Kylin) Dawson. Currently
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accepted name for the
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species:
<taxonomicName id="A199A0DBFFCA9326FBF1F9D21C03F983" authority="(Grunow) Dawson." authorityName="Dawson." baseAuthorityName="Grunow" class="Florideophyceae" family="Gracilariaceae" genus="Gracilariopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="andersonii">
<emphasis id="54ED074AFFCA9326FBF1F9D21859F9E7" box="[1105,1353,1566,1587]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gracilariopsis andersonii</emphasis>
(Grunow) Dawson.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6626DB58FFCA9326FF28F94A1E51F974" blockId="23.[136,1451,1670,1768]" box="[136,833,1670,1697]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="A199A0DBFFCA9326FF28F94A1E51F974" authority="C. F. D. Gurgel, Fredericq &amp; J. N. Norris" authorityName="C. F. D. Gurgel, Fredericq &amp; J. N. Norris" box="[136,833,1670,1697]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Gracilariaceae" genus="Gracilariopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="silvana">
<emphasis id="54ED074AFFCA9326FF28F94A1C93F974" box="[136,387,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gracilariopsis silvana</emphasis>
C.F.D. Gurgel, Fredericq &amp; J.N. Norris
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</paragraph>
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Type locality:
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,
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(
<bibRefCitation id="0208A6A9FFCA9326FD73F9621EB9F910" author="Gurgel, C. F. D. &amp; Liao, L. M. &amp; Fredericq, S. &amp; Hommersand, M. H." box="[723,937,1710,1732]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="154 - 171" refId="ref20383" refString="Gurgel, C. F. D., Liao, L. M., Fredericq, S. &amp; Hommersand, M. H. (2003) Systematics of Gracilariopsis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) based on rbc L sequence analyses and mophological evidence. Journal of Phycology 39: 154 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1529 - 8817.2003.02046. x" type="journal article" year="2003">
Gurgel
<emphasis id="54ED074AFFCA9326FCBCF9631E5DF917" box="[796,845,1710,1732]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
2003: 61
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).
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:
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.
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,
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.
<collectorName id="CB6CBE8EFFCA9326FB7BF962180AF910" box="[1243,1306,1710,1732]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Conde</collectorName>
&amp;
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.
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FG-37;
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<collectingDate id="02630470FFCA9326FEA9F91E1C69F93C" box="[265,377,1746,1768]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1999-07-14">14.vii.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectionCode id="0088439DFFCA9326FE23F91E1CB2F933" box="[387,418,1746,1767]" country="South Africa" name="University of Stellenbosch" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">US</collectionCode>
Alg. Coll. 204316.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6626DB58FFCA9326FF28F8DA1C07F8E5" blockId="23.[136,1452,1814,2093]" box="[136,279,1814,1841]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 16, a–e</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6626DB58FFCA9326FF28F8F6183DF7F9" blockId="23.[136,1452,1814,2093]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Thallus completely flattened,up to
<quantity id="A16176BDFFCA9326FDA2F8F61F53F881" box="[514,579,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="12.0">12cm</quantity>
tall and
<quantity id="A16176BDFFCA9326FD39F8F61FC6F881" box="[665,726,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="3.0">3mm</quantity>
wide,with several branching;dichotomously or subdichotomoulsy branched (Figs. 16, a–b), or slightly wavy, presenting a pinnate aspect with curved branchlets. Medullary region with sharp transition towards cortical region, with 5–6 layers of large hyaline medullary cells, measuring 250 μm in height and 120 μm in width; cortical region with 2 layers of cells (Fig. 16c). Tetrasporangia cruciate (Fig. 16c) embedded in the cortical region on both sides of the blade. Male gametophytes not observed. Cystocarps at different stages scattered throughout the female gametophyte main axes, with a slight constriction at the base; inner pericarp absent (Fig. 16d); gonimoblast and carposporangial chains radially organized; nutritive tubular cells not observed (Fig. 16e).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6626DB58FFC59329FF28FA11197AF9EE" blockId="24.[136,1452,1501,1595]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="54ED074AFFC59329FF28FA111C19FA26" bold="true" box="[136,265,1501,1523]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURE.</emphasis>
(a–e)
<taxonomicName id="A199A0DBFFC59329FEE5FA111F0BFA26" box="[325,539,1501,1522]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Gracilariaceae" genus="Gracilariopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="silvana">
<emphasis id="54ED074AFFC59329FEE5FA111F0BFA26" box="[325,539,1501,1522]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gracilariopsis silvana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (a, b) habit; (c) transverse section of the thallus showing tetrasporangia (arrow); (d) superficial view of the thallus showing distribution of cystocarps; (e) longitudinal section of a cystocarp. (f–h)
<taxonomicName id="A199A0DBFFC59329FB99F9CD183AF9C2" box="[1081,1322,1537,1558]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Gracilariaceae" genus="Gracilariopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="tenuifrons">
<emphasis id="54ED074AFFC59329FB99F9CD183AF9C2" box="[1081,1322,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gracilariopsis tenuifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (f) habit; (g) transverse section of the thallus showing tetrasporangia (arrow); (h) longitudinal section of a cystocarp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6626DB58FFC59329FF28F9A51F49F957" blockId="24.[136,1452,1641,1811]" box="[136,601,1641,1667]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
World distribution:
<collectingCountry id="1E8E9BC8FFC59329FEC4F9A51CB8F957" box="[356,424,1641,1667]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="1E8E9BC8FFC59329FE7FF9A51F46F957" box="[479,598,1641,1667]" name="Venezuela" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6626DB58FFC59329FF1DF9411CC4F8C7" blockId="24.[136,1452,1641,1811]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Comments:
<taxonomicName id="A199A0DBFFC59329FEE8F9411F57F973" box="[328,583,1677,1703]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Gracilariaceae" genus="Gracilariopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="silvana">
<emphasis id="54ED074AFFC59329FEE8F9411F57F973" box="[328,583,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gracilariopsis silvana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only one, among the 25 species described
<taxonomicName id="A199A0DBFFC59329FB27F9411898F973" box="[1159,1416,1677,1703]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Gracilariaceae" genus="Gracilariopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="54ED074AFFC59329FB27F941183AF973" box="[1159,1322,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gracilariopsis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, to present a flattened ribbon shaped thallus (
<bibRefCitation id="0208A6A9FFC59329FDF5F97D1E34F91F" author="Gurgel, C. F. D. &amp; Liao, L. M. &amp; Fredericq, S. &amp; Hommersand, M. H." box="[597,804,1713,1739]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="154 - 171" refId="ref20383" refString="Gurgel, C. F. D., Liao, L. M., Fredericq, S. &amp; Hommersand, M. H. (2003) Systematics of Gracilariopsis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) based on rbc L sequence analyses and mophological evidence. Journal of Phycology 39: 154 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1529 - 8817.2003.02046. x" type="journal article" year="2003">
Gurgel
<emphasis id="54ED074AFFC59329FD0AF97E1FF1F91F" box="[682,737,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
). The apical regions are wider and present more branching than other parts of the thallus, and the presence of curved branchlets easily distinguishes this species from
<taxonomicName id="A199A0DBFFC59329FA94F9191DC9F8C7" class="Florideophyceae" family="Gracilariaceae" genus="Gracilaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="54ED074AFFC59329FA94F91918BCF93B" box="[1332,1452,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gracilaria</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
with flattened thallus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6626DB58FFC59329FF28F88D1916F88F" blockId="24.[136,1452,1857,2027]" box="[136,1030,1857,1884]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="A199A0DBFFC59329FF28F88D1916F88F" authority="(C. J. Bird &amp; E. C. Oliveira) Fredericq &amp; Hommersand" authorityName="Fredericq &amp; Hommersand" baseAuthorityName="C. J. Bird &amp; E. C. Oliveira" box="[136,1030,1857,1884]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Gracilariaceae" genus="Gracilariopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="tenuifrons">
<emphasis id="54ED074AFFC59329FF28F88D1CB3F88F" box="[136,419,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gracilariopsis tenuifrons</emphasis>
(C.J. Bird &amp; E.C. Oliveira) Fredericq &amp; Hommersand
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6626DB58FFC59329FF28F8A51DECF83F" blockId="24.[136,1452,1857,2027]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<materialsCitation id="D6F1D105FFC59329FF28F8A51DECF83F" accessionNumber="SPF 23687" collectingDate="1981-07-18" collectionCode="E, C, F, SPF" collectorName="Bird &amp; Oliveira Filho &amp; de Oliveira &amp; Approximately" country="Brazil" location="Praia Avenida" municipality="Maceio" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alagoas" typeStatus="holotype">
Type locality:
<location id="63468D83FFC59329FEB1F8A51C88F8AB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE306A4EFFCA9328FF28FA3A1DCAFD58:63468D83FFC59329FEB1F8A51C88F8AB" box="[273,408,1897,1919]" country="Brazil" municipality="Maceio" name="Praia Avenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="Alagoas">Praia Avenida</location>
, near
<collectingMunicipality id="86424122FFC59329FE6FF8A51F09F8AB" box="[463,537,1897,1919]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Maceió</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="A45D15BAFFC59329FD81F8A51F62F8AB" box="[545,626,1897,1919]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="1E8E9BC8FFC59329FDDBF8A51FA6F8AB" box="[635,694,1897,1919]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectorName id="CB6CBE8EFFC59329FD61F8A51FFDF8AB" box="[705,749,1897,1919]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Bird</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="CB6CBE8EFFC59329FCAAF8A51E81F8AB" box="[778,913,1897,1919]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Oliveira Filho</collectorName>
1986: 317).
<typeStatus id="B92265FAFFC59329FBA9F8A51976F8AB" box="[1033,1126,1897,1919]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="0088439DFFC59329FBCEF8A51990F8AA" box="[1134,1152,1897,1918]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="0088439DFFC59329FB23F8A51985F8AA" box="[1155,1173,1897,1918]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="CB6CBE8EFFC59329FB3EF8A51818F8AB" box="[1182,1288,1897,1919]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">de Oliveira</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="0088439DFFC59329FAADF8A5180DF8AA" box="[1293,1309,1897,1918]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
.;
<date id="1227FD98FFC59329FA8AF8A518B8F8AA" box="[1322,1448,1897,1919]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1981-07-18">
<collectingDate id="02630470FFC59329FA8AF8A518B8F8AA" box="[1322,1448,1897,1919]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1981-07-18">18 July 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="CB6CBE8EFFC59329FF1DF8411C5EF877" box="[189,334,1933,1955]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Approximately</collectorName>
1.0 m below mean sea level.
<collectionCode id="0088439DFFC59329FDD6F8411F8EF876" box="[630,670,1933,1954]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15730" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15730" name="Universidade de São Paulo" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">SPF</collectionCode>
23687 (male) (
<collectorName id="CB6CBE8EFFC59329FC96F8411E72F877" box="[822,866,1933,1955]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Bird</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="CB6CBE8EFFC59329FC24F841191DF877" box="[900,1037,1933,1955]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Oliveira Filho</collectorName>
1986: 317). Isotypes: SPF-23687, female; SPF-23680, tetrasporic; SPF-23682, female; SPF-23683, female, tetrasporic; NRCC-9173, female, tetrasporic (
<bibRefCitation id="0208A6A9FFC59329FAA6F87D1DE1F83F" author="Guiry, M. D. &amp; Guiry, G. M." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref20285" refString="Guiry, M. D. &amp; Guiry, G. M. (2020) AlgaeBase. Available from: https: // www. algaebase. org (accessed 9 April 2021)" type="url" year="2020">Guiry and Guiry 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6626DB58FFC49328FF28FF521C05FF6C" blockId="25.[136,1452,158,652]" box="[136,277,158,184]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs. 16, f–h</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6626DB58FFC49328FF28FF0E1F06FE0C" blockId="25.[136,1452,158,652]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Thallus extremely delicate and slender cylindrical with a diameter of
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, reaching up to
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tall; numerous branches issued starting from the base, becoming sparse to absent distally (Fig. 16f). Medullary region with sharp transition to cortical region, with large hyaline cells, with up to 100 μm in diameter; cortical region with two layers of small, pigmented cells (Fig.
<quantity id="A16176BDFFC49328FE4AFEE21F07FE9D" box="[490,535,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="g" value="16.0">16g</quantity>
). Tetrasporangia decussate cruciate embedded in the cortical region of both sides of the blade, up to five times the size of the cortical cells (Fig.
<quantity id="A16176BDFFC49328FCE5FE9E1E62FEB9" box="[837,882,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="g" value="16.0">16g</quantity>
). Male gametophytes not observed. Numerous and prominent cystocarps distributed throughout the thallus of female gametophytes, inner pericarp with 4–6 layers of cells; outer pericarp with 5–6 layers of cells; gonimoblast and carposporangial chains radially organized (Fig. 16h); tubular nutritive cells not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6626DB58FFC49328FF1DFE2E1E17FDF4" blockId="25.[136,1452,158,652]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
World distribution:
<collectingCountry id="1E8E9BC8FFC49328FE36FE2E1F97FE28" box="[406,647,482,508]" name="Antigua and Barbuda" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Antigua and Barbuda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1E8E9BC8FFC49328FD32FE2E1FC9FE28" box="[658,729,482,508]" name="Brazil" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1E8E9BC8FFC49328FD43FE2E1E31FE28" box="[739,801,482,508]" name="Cuba" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cuba</collectingCountry>
, Guadeloupe,
<collectingCountry id="1E8E9BC8FFC49328FC60FE2E1908FE28" box="[960,1048,482,508]" name="Mexico" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1E8E9BC8FFC49328FB83FE2F196FFE29" box="[1059,1151,483,509]" name="Panama" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Panama</collectingCountry>
, Saint Lucia,
<collectingCountry id="1E8E9BC8FFC49328FAB5FE2E1C73FDF4" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1E8E9BC8FFC49328FECEFDCA1F47FDF4" box="[366,599,518,544]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="1E8E9BC8FFC49328FD2DFDCA1E14FDF4" box="[653,772,518,544]" name="Venezuela" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6626DB58FFC49328FF1DFDE61DCAFD58" blockId="25.[136,1452,158,652]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Comments: Detailed morphological and anatomical descriptions of this species are found in Bird and Oliveira Filho (1986). The anatomical features, with emphasis on the ontogeny of cystocarp, are described in detail in Bellorin (2002).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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