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<document id="C6C469770A8BE1ECE03726BFB6A1B117" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.603" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1668be17-f285-47ef-98b6-c9d90b8cbd6e" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3666847" ID-ZooBank="618B3AFF-6EA5-4803-BA7B-A3446CEF3F85" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1581631276158" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cupello, Mario, Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S. &amp; Vaz-De, Fernando Z." docDate="2020" docId="D651F73D6C58FFCBFDE0DF23102DFDE4" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-603_cupello_ribeiro-costa_vaz-de-mello.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 603" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Streblopus - Van Lansberge 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="2A688F456C5FFFDAFFD1DD5A155BFF86" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1733921117488" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="9101B2069ED5D586393F238DCEF1366A">Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FE4FE22DABD9D46043CB3EECAD6BA6FC">Cupello, Mario</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4138B4985EEAD18AA785D1AAE07DFF49">Fellow of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). &amp; Fellow of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="87FFFE219D00189833541144DB091786">Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, 78060 - 900, Brazil. 1,2,3 Fellow of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).</mods:affiliation>
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Genus 
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<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFF6CDFE81413FD4A" box="[189,328,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Colonychus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFF6CDFA31406FC95" box="[189,349,761,787]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopoides</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFEB3DE6917D3FCCB" author="Van Lansberge J. W." box="[354,648,819,845]" page="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1874">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFEB3DE6917D3FCCB" author="Van Lansberge" box="[354,648,819,845]" firstAuthor="Van Lansberge" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="4 - 12" refId="ref51459" refString="Van Lansberge J. W. 1874 a. Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages. Coleopterologische Hefte 12: 4 - 12. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25118460 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1874" yearSuffix="a">Van Lansberge 1874a: 10</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFC7DDE691173FCCB" box="[940,1064,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
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). — 
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<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFBB2DE691072FCC8" author="Kolbe" box="[1123,1321,819,846]" firstAuthor="Kolbe" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="475 - 594" refId="ref45721" refString="Kolbe H. J. 1905. Uber die Lebensweise und die geographische Verbreitung der coprophagen Lamellicornier. Zoologischen Jahrbucher, Supplement 8: 475 - 594." type="journal article" year="1905">Kolbe 1905: 552</bibRefCitation>
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; 
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. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFEE7DE0C14BAFCF6" author="Gillet J. J. E." box="[310,481,854,880]" page="42" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFEE7DE0C14BAFCF6" author="Gillet" box="[310,481,854,880]" firstAuthor="Gillet" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref43876" refString="Gillet J. J. E. 1911. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 38: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. W. Junk, Berlin." type="book" year="1911">Gillet 1911: 42</bibRefCitation>
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(as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFD4ADE0C164CFCF6" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[667,791,854,880]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFD4ADE0C164CFCF6" box="[667,791,854,880]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFC9EDE0D1156FCF6" author="Lucas R." box="[847,1037,854,881]" page="197" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1920">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFC9EDE0D1156FCF6" author="Lucas" box="[847,1037,854,881]" firstAuthor="Lucas" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref46196" refString="Lucas R. 1920. Catalogus Alphabeticus Generum et Subgenerum Coleopterorum Orbis Terrarum Totius (Famil., Trib., Subtr., Sect. incl.). Pars I. Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin." type="book" year="1920">Lucas 1920: 197</bibRefCitation>
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(as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFB16DE0C1018FCF6" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[1223,1347,854,880]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFB16DE0C1018FCF6" box="[1223,1347,854,880]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
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). — 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFF3BDE2314F3FC15" author="Paulian" box="[234,424,889,915]" firstAuthor="Paulian" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref48563" refString="Paulian R. 1939. Contribution a l'etude des canthonides americains [Coleopt. Lamellic.] (suite et fin). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 108: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1939">Paulian1939:26</bibRefCitation>
(as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFD8ADE23178CFC15" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[603,727,889,915]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFD8ADE23178CFC15" box="[603,727,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
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).— 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFCDDDE23114DFC15" author="Blackwelder" box="[780,1046,889,915]" firstAuthor="Blackwelder" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref41524" refString="Blackwelder R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, West Indies and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185: 189 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185.2" type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944:203</bibRefCitation>
(as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFB19DE23101FFC15" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[1224,1348,889,915]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFB19DE23101FFC15" box="[1224,1348,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
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).— 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFF3BDEC61762FC30" author="Pereira F. S. &amp; Martinez A." box="[234,569,924,951]" page="99" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1956">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFF3BDEC61762FC30" author="Pereira &amp; Martinez" box="[234,569,924,951]" firstAuthor="Pereira" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="91 - 192" refId="ref48695" refString="Pereira F. S. &amp; Martinez A. 1956. Os generos de Canthonini americanos (Col. Scarabaeidae). Revista brasileira de Entomologia 6: 91 - 192." type="journal article" year="1956">Pereira &amp; Martínez 1956: 99</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as a supposed preoccupied synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFBC9DEC611CFFC30" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[1048,1172,924,950]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFBC9DEC611CFFC30" box="[1048,1172,924,950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFB00DEC61442FC5F" author="Halffter G." page="226" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFB00DEC61442FC5F" author="Halffter" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="225 - 320" refId="ref44297" refString="Halffter G. 1961. Monografia de las especies norteamericanas del genero Canthon Hoffsg. (Coleopt., Scarab.). Ciencia, Revista Hispano-Americana de Ciencias Puras y Aplicadas 20 (9 - 12): 225 - 320." type="journal article" year="1961">Halffter 1961: 226</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 229 (as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFDC1DE9A17D7FC5C" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[528,652,960,986]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFDC1DE9A17D7FC5C" box="[528,652,960,986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFD16DEE51147FC5C" author="Vulcano M. A. &amp; Pereira F. S." box="[711,1052,959,986]" page="580" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFD16DEE51147FC5C" author="Vulcano &amp; Pereira" box="[711,1052,959,986]" firstAuthor="Vulcano" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="570 - 685" refId="ref52362" refString="Vulcano M. A. &amp; Pereira F. S. 1964. Catalogue of the Canthonini (Col. Scarab.) inhabiting the Western Hemisphere. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 15 (2): 570 - 685. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 45986646 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1964">Vulcano &amp; Pereira 1964: 580</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as a supposed 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFB03DE9A102CFC5C" box="[1234,1399,960,986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">nomen nudum</emphasis>
referring to 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFEA8DEB914AEFC7B" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[377,501,995,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFEA8DEB914AEFC7B" box="[377,501,995,1021]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFDE4DEB916F9FC78" author="Halffter G. &amp; Martinez A." box="[565,930,995,1022]" page="152" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFDE4DEB916F9FC78" author="Halffter &amp; Martinez" box="[565,930,995,1022]" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="89 - 177" refId="ref44452" refString="Halffter G. &amp; Martinez A. 1966. Revision monografica de los Canthonina americanos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) (Iª Parte). Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural 27: 89 - 177." type="journal article" year="1966">Halffter &amp; Martínez 1966: 152</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as a supposed 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFBB0DEBE105CFC7B" box="[1121,1287,995,1021]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">nomen nudum</emphasis>
referring to 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFED8D95C14DEFBA6" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[265,389,1030,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFED8D95C14DEFBA6" box="[265,389,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFE13D95C17C3FBA6" author="Krajcik M." box="[450,664,1030,1056]" page="163" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFE13D95C17C3FBA6" author="Krajcik" box="[450,664,1030,1056]" firstAuthor="Krajcik" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref45773" refString="Krajcik M. 2006. Checklist of Scarabaeoidea of the World. 1. Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Animma 3 (Suppl. X): 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="2006">Krajcik 2006: 163</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFC8DD95C1683FBA6" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[860,984,1030,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFC8DD95C1683FBA6" box="[860,984,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFBC7D95C1016FBA6" author="Chamorro W. &amp; Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Asenjo A. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[1046,1357,1030,1056]" page="234" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFBC7D95C1016FBA6" author="Chamorro" box="[1046,1357,1030,1056]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Chamorro" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref42131" refString="Chamorro W., Marin-Armijos D., Asenjo A. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2019. Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records. Zookeys 826: 1 - 343. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 826.26488" type="journal article" year="2019">
Chamorro 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFB45D95D1194FBA6" box="[1172,1231,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2019: 234
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as a supposed 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFEA4D9701747FBC5" box="[373,540,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">nomen nudum</emphasis>
referring to 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFD63D9731675FBC5" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[690,814,1065,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFD63D9731675FBC5" box="[690,814,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFCBCD9731017FBC5" author="Cupello M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[877,1356,1065,1091]" page="168" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFCBCD9731017FBC5" author="Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello" box="[877,1356,1065,1091]" firstAuthor="Cupello" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="167 - 174" refId="ref42586" refString="Cupello M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2019. Case 3788 - Streblopus Lansberge, 1874 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae): proposed conservation by suppression of Colonychus Harold, 1868. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 76: 167 - 174." type="journal article" year="2019">Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2019: 168–171</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFEACD91614A2FBE0" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[381,505,1100,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFEACD91614A2FBE0" box="[381,505,1100,1126]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C58FFDDFF6CD92A1107FA40" blockId="7.[189,1399,819,1690]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7EE861056C58FFDDFF6CD92A1107FA40" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFF6CD92A1720FB0C" ID-CoL="7P4G" authority="- Van Lansberge 1874 b: 187" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityPageNumber="187" authorityYear="1874" box="[189,635,1135,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFF6CD92A1462FB0C" box="[189,313,1136,1162]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
– 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFE9DD92A1720FB0C" author="Van Lansberge" box="[332,635,1135,1162]" firstAuthor="Van Lansberge" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="177 - 193" refId="ref51502" refString="Van Lansberge J. W. 1874 b. Observations sur la classification des Lamellicornes Coprophages. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 17: 177 - 193. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12728027 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1874" yearSuffix="b">Van Lansberge1874b:187</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,189.— 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFD09D93516D8FB0C" author="Karsch" box="[728,899,1135,1162]" firstAuthor="Karsch" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref45442" refString="Karsch F. 1887. Altes und neues uber Koleopteren. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift 31: 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1887">Karsch1887:1</bibRefCitation>
.— 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFC7AD93511D8FB0C" author="Ritsema" box="[939,1155,1135,1162]" firstAuthor="Ritsema" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="201 - 234" refId="ref49495" refString="Ritsema C. 1888. Lijst der entomologische geschriften van Mr. J. W. van Lansberge, gevolgd door eene opgave der daarin beschreven nieuwe geslachten, ondergeslachten en soorten. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 31: 201 - 234. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 10853215 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1888">Ritsema1888:209</bibRefCitation>
.— 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFB78D9351008FB0C" author="Gillet" box="[1193,1363,1135,1162]" firstAuthor="Gillet" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref43876" refString="Gillet J. J. E. 1911. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 38: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. W. Junk, Berlin." type="book" year="1911">Gillet1911:42</bibRefCitation>
.— 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFF3BD9C914F1FB2B" author="Lucas" box="[234,426,1171,1197]" firstAuthor="Lucas" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref46196" refString="Lucas R. 1920. Catalogus Alphabeticus Generum et Subgenerum Coleopterorum Orbis Terrarum Totius (Famil., Trib., Subtr., Sect. incl.). Pars I. Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin." type="book" year="1920">Lucas 1920:617</bibRefCitation>
.— 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFE03D9C917E8FB2B" author="Olsoufieff" box="[466,691,1171,1198]" firstAuthor="Olsoufieff" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="32 - 35" refId="ref48273" refString="Olsoufieff G. 1935. Note critique sur l'essai d'une phylogenie des lamellicornes coprophages. Entomologisches Nachrichtenblatt 9: 32 - 35." type="journal article" year="1935">Olsoufieff 1935:34</bibRefCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFD0AD9C916F6FB2B" author="Paulian R." box="[731,941,1171,1197]" page="234" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFD0AD9C916F6FB2B" author="Paulian" box="[731,941,1171,1197]" firstAuthor="Paulian" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="213 - 296" refId="ref48532" refString="Paulian R. 1938. Contribution a l'etude des canthonides americans [Coleopt. Lamellic.]. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 107: 213 - 296." type="journal article" year="1938">Paulian1938: 234</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFC65D9C91147FB2B" author="Paulian R." box="[948,1052,1171,1197]" page="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFC65D9C91147FB2B" author="Paulian" box="[948,1052,1171,1197]" firstAuthor="Paulian" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref48563" refString="Paulian R. 1939. Contribution a l'etude des canthonides americains [Coleopt. Lamellic.] (suite et fin). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 108: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1939">1939: 26</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFB92D9C91070FB28" author="Balthasar" box="[1091,1323,1171,1198]" firstAuthor="Balthasar" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="337 - 358" refId="ref41109" refString="Balthasar V. 1941. Scarabaeidae Laparostictae (Col.). Beitrage zur Fauna Perus 1: 337 - 358." type="journal article" year="1941">Balthasar 1941:345</bibRefCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFAE5D9C91441FB56" author="Balthasar V." page="330" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFAE5D9C91441FB56" author="Balthasar" firstAuthor="Balthasar" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="322 - 344" refId="ref41131" refString="Balthasar V. 1951. Scarabaeidae Laparostictae (Col.). Beitrage zur Fauna Perus 2: 322 - 344." type="journal article" year="1951">1951: 330</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFE97D9EC1703FB56" author="Blackwelder R. E." box="[326,600,1206,1232]" page="203" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFE97D9EC1703FB56" author="Blackwelder" box="[326,600,1206,1232]" firstAuthor="Blackwelder" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref41524" refString="Blackwelder R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, West Indies and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185: 189 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185.2" type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 203</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFD52D9EC1694FB56" author="Pereira F. S. &amp; Martinez A." box="[643,975,1206,1233]" page="94" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1956">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFD52D9EC1694FB56" author="Pereira &amp; Martinez" box="[643,975,1206,1233]" firstAuthor="Pereira" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="91 - 192" refId="ref48695" refString="Pereira F. S. &amp; Martinez A. 1956. Os generos de Canthonini americanos (Col. Scarabaeidae). Revista brasileira de Entomologia 6: 91 - 192." type="journal article" year="1956">Pereira &amp; Martínez 1956: 94</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 99, 182. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFB8ED9EC1029FB56" author="Halffter G." box="[1119,1394,1206,1232]" page="229" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFB8ED9EC1029FB56" author="Halffter" box="[1119,1394,1206,1232]" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="225 - 320" refId="ref44297" refString="Halffter G. 1961. Monografia de las especies norteamericanas del genero Canthon Hoffsg. (Coleopt., Scarab.). Ciencia, Revista Hispano-Americana de Ciencias Puras y Aplicadas 20 (9 - 12): 225 - 320." type="journal article" year="1961">Halffter 1961: 229–230</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 253; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFEF4D98314C6FB72" author="Halffter G." box="[293,413,1241,1268]" journalOrPublisher="Ciencia, Revista Hispano-Americana de Ciencias Puras y Aplicadas" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="225 - 320" part="20" refId="ref44297" refString="Halffter G. 1961. Monografia de las especies norteamericanas del genero Canthon Hoffsg. (Coleopt., Scarab.). Ciencia, Revista Hispano-Americana de Ciencias Puras y Aplicadas 20 (9 - 12): 225 - 320." title="Monografia de las especies norteamericanas del genero Canthon Hoffsg. (Coleopt., Scarab.)" type="journal article" year="1961">1974: 257</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFE79D9831748FB75" author="Halffter G." box="[424,531,1241,1267]" editor="Moron M. A." journalOrPublisher="Argania Editio, Barcelona" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="21 - 43" refId="ref44363" refString="Halffter G. 2003. Tribu Scarabaeini, subtribu Canthonina. In: Moron M. A. (ed.) Atlas de los Escarabajos de Mexico. Coleoptera: Lamellicornia. Vol. II. Familias Scarabaeidae, Trogidae, Passalidae y Lucanidae: 21 - 43. Argania Editio, Barcelona." title="Tribu Scarabaeini, subtribu Canthonina" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Atlas de los Escarabajos de Mexico. Coleoptera: Lamellicornia. Vol. II. Familias Scarabaeidae, Trogidae, Passalidae y Lucanidae" year="2003">2003: 22</bibRefCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFD91D98316CCFB72" author="Vulcano M. A. &amp; Pereira F. S." box="[576,919,1241,1268]" page="580" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFD91D98316CCFB72" author="Vulcano &amp; Pereira" box="[576,919,1241,1268]" firstAuthor="Vulcano" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="570 - 685" refId="ref52362" refString="Vulcano M. A. &amp; Pereira F. S. 1964. Catalogue of the Canthonini (Col. Scarab.) inhabiting the Western Hemisphere. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 15 (2): 570 - 685. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 45986646 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1964">Vulcano &amp; Pereira 1964: 580</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFC73D983110EFB72" author="Vulcano M. A. &amp; Pereira F. S." box="[930,1109,1241,1268]" page="548" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFC73D983110EFB72" author="Vulcano &amp; Pereira" box="[930,1109,1241,1268]" firstAuthor="Vulcano" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="533 - 603" refId="ref52427" refString="Vulcano M. A. &amp; Pereira F. S. 1967. Sinopse dos Passalidae e Scarabaeidae s. str. da regiao amazonica (Insecta, Coleoptera). Atas do Simposio sobre a Biota Amazonica 5 (Zoologia): 533 - 603." type="journal article" year="1967">1967: 548–549</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFB52D983143FFA90" author="Halffter G. &amp; Matthews E. G." page="260" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFB52D983143FFA90" author="Halffter &amp; Matthews" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 312" refId="ref44605" refString="Halffter G. &amp; Matthews E. G. 1966. The natural history of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Folia Entomologica Mexicana 12 - 14: 1 - 312." type="journal article" year="1966">Halffter &amp; Matthews 1966: 260</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFE45D9A617A4FA90" author="Halffter G. &amp; Martinez A." box="[404,767,1276,1302]" page="103" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFE45D9A617A4FA90" author="Halffter &amp; Martinez" box="[404,767,1276,1302]" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="89 - 177" refId="ref44452" refString="Halffter G. &amp; Martinez A. 1966. Revision monografica de los Canthonina americanos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) (Iª Parte). Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural 27: 89 - 177." type="journal article" year="1966">Halffter &amp; Martínez 1966: 103</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 152–163, figs 13–21; 1967: 79; 1968: 210; 1977: 34, 43. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFEEAD845177AFABC" author="Matthews E. G." box="[315,545,1311,1338]" page="49" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFEEAD845177AFABC" author="Matthews" box="[315,545,1311,1338]" firstAuthor="Matthews" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="47 - 50" refId="ref46744" refString="Matthews E. G. 1971. [Book review of &quot; Revision Monografica de los Canthonina, Parts I, II, and III. Gonzalo Halffter and Antonio Martinez &quot;]. The Coleopterists Bulletin 25 (2): 47 - 50." type="journal article" year="1971">Matthews 1971: 49</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFD81D87A16F5FABC" author="Martinez A. &amp; Halffter G." box="[592,942,1311,1338]" page="33" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFD81D87A16F5FABC" author="Martinez &amp; Halffter" box="[592,942,1311,1338]" firstAuthor="Martinez" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="33 - 66" refId="ref46462" refString="Martinez A. &amp; Halffter G. 1972. New taxa of American Canthonina (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 23: 33 - 66. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 45978703 [accessed 22 Jan. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1972">Martínez &amp; Halffter 1972: 33</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFC0CD8451016FABC" author="Halffter &amp; Edmonds" box="[989,1357,1311,1338]" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref44418" refString="Halffter G. &amp; Edmonds W. D. 1982. The Nesting Behavior of Dung Beetles (Scarabaeinae). An Ecological and Evolutive Approach. Instituto de Ecologia, Mexico DF." type="book" year="1982">Halffter &amp; Edmonds 1982: 201</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFF3BD819173CFADB" author="Hanski I. &amp; Cambefort Y." box="[234,615,1347,1373]" page="472" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFF3BD819173CFADB" author="Hanski &amp; Cambefort" box="[234,615,1347,1373]" firstAuthor="Hanski" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref44643" refString="Hanski I. &amp; Cambefort Y. 1991. Dung Beetle Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ." type="book" year="1991">Hanski &amp; Cambefort 1991: 472</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFD49D81916E6FAD8" author="Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[664,957,1347,1374]" page="195" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFD49D81916E6FAD8" author="Vaz-de-Mello" box="[664,957,1347,1374]" firstAuthor="Vaz-de-Mello" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="183 - 195" refId="ref51552" refString="Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2000. Estado atual de conhecimentos dos Scarabaeidae s. str. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) do Brasil. In: Martin-Piera F., Morrone J. J. &amp; Melic A. (eds) Hacia un Proyecto CYTED para el Inventario y Estimacion de la Diversidad entomologica en Iberoamerica: PRIBES- 2000. m 3 m: Monografias Tercer Milenio, Vol. 1: 183 - 195. Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa (SEA), Zaragoza, Spain." type="journal article" year="2000">Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 195</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFC3ED8191017FAD8" author="Medina &amp; Scholtz" box="[1007,1356,1347,1374]" firstAuthor="Medina" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="145 - 160" refId="ref47075" refString="Medina C. A. &amp; Scholtz C. H. 2005. Systematics of the southern African genus Epirinus Reiche (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Canthonini): descriptions of a new species and phylogeny. Insect Systematics and Evolution 36: 145 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631205788838500" type="journal article" year="2005">Medina &amp; Scholtz 2005: 154</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFF3BD83C149FFA06" author="Krajcik M." box="[234,452,1382,1408]" page="163" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFF3BD83C149FFA06" author="Krajcik" box="[234,452,1382,1408]" firstAuthor="Krajcik" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref45773" refString="Krajcik M. 2006. Checklist of Scarabaeoidea of the World. 1. Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Animma 3 (Suppl. X): 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="2006">Krajcik 2006: 163</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFE00D83C1717FA06" author="Krajcik M." box="[465,588,1382,1408]" page="249" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFE00D83C1717FA06" author="Krajcik" box="[465,588,1382,1408]" firstAuthor="Krajcik" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 278" refId="ref45808" refString="Krajcik M. 2012. Checklist of the World Scarabaeoidea. Animma. X, Supplement 5: 1 - 278." type="journal article" year="2012">2012: 249</bibRefCitation>
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. – 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFDBFD83C16D7FA07" author="Scholtz C. H. &amp; Davis A. L. V. &amp; Kryger U." box="[622,908,1382,1409]" page="566" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFDBFD83C16D7FA07" author="Scholtz" box="[622,908,1382,1409]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Scholtz" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref50102" refString="Scholtz C. H., Davis A. L. V. &amp; Kryger U. 2009. Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Dung Beetles. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia." type="book" year="2009">
Scholtz 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFD1FD83D1652FA06" box="[718,777,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2009: 566
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<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFC6DD83C106CFA06" author="Carvajal-Lopez V. &amp; Villamarin S. &amp; Ortega A. M." box="[956,1335,1382,1408]" page="122" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFC6DD83C106CFA06" author="Carvajal-Lopez" box="[956,1335,1382,1408]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carvajal-Lopez" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref42026" refString="Carvajal-Lopez V., Villamarin S. &amp; Ortega A. M. 2011. Escarabajos del Ecuador. Principales Generos. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito." type="book" year="2011">
Carvajal-López 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFBAAD83D11EDFA06" box="[1147,1206,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2011: 122
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</treatmentCitation>
, 316. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFEDED8D3170CFA25" author="Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. &amp; Edmonds W. D. &amp; Ocampo F. C. &amp; Schoolmeesters P." box="[271,599,1417,1443]" page="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFEDED8D3170CFA25" author="Vaz-de-Mello" box="[271,599,1417,1443]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Vaz-de-Mello" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref51939" refString="Vaz-de-Mello F. Z., Edmonds W. D., Ocampo F. C. &amp; Schoolmeesters P. 2011. A multilingual key to the genera and subgenera of the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the New World (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Zootaxa 2854: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2011">
Vaz-de-Mello 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFE68D8D014AFFA25" box="[441,500,1417,1443]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2011: 6
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</treatmentCitation>
, 11, 18, 25, 33, 40, 45. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFC44D8D31195FA22" author="Carvajal-Lopez V." box="[917,1230,1417,1444]" page="195" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFC44D8D31195FA22" author="Carvajal-Lopez" box="[917,1230,1417,1444]" firstAuthor="Carvajal-Lopez" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="195 - 200" refId="ref41978" refString="Carvajal-Lopez V. 2012. Primer registro de Streblopus punctatus Balthasar, 1938 y Dichotomius fonsecae (Luederwald [sic], 1925) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en las cordilleras del sur-oriente del Ecuador. Revista Politecnica 30 (3): 195 - 200." type="journal article" year="2012">Carvajal-López 2012: 195</bibRefCitation>
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. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFAD1D8D314CCFA40" author="Chamorro W. &amp; Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Granda V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." page="98" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFAD1D8D314CCFA40" author="Chamorro" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Chamorro" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="72 - 100" refId="ref42059" refString="Chamorro W., Marin-Armijos D., Granda V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2018. Listado de especies y clave de generos y subgeneros de escarabajos estercoleros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) presentes y presuntos para Ecuador. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia 44 (1): 72 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.25100 / socolen. v 44 i 1.6545" type="journal article" year="2018">
Chamorro 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFF3BD8F7147EFA40" box="[234,293,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2018: 98
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
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<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFE72D8F61756FA40" author="Chamorro" box="[419,525,1452,1478]" firstAuthor="Chamorro" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref42131" refString="Chamorro W., Marin-Armijos D., Asenjo A. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2019. Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records. Zookeys 826: 1 - 343. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 826.26488" type="journal article" year="2019">2019: 10</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 234. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFDA8D8F61103FA40" author="Cupello M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[633,1112,1452,1478]" page="168" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFDA8D8F61103FA40" author="Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello" box="[633,1112,1452,1478]" firstAuthor="Cupello" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="167 - 174" refId="ref42586" refString="Cupello M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2019. Case 3788 - Streblopus Lansberge, 1874 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae): proposed conservation by suppression of Colonychus Harold, 1868. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 76: 167 - 174." type="journal article" year="2019">Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2019: 168–171</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C58FFDDFF6CD88A1160F91C" blockId="7.[189,1399,819,1690]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFF6CD88A173FFA6F" ID-CoL="7P4F" authority="- Balthasar 1941: 346" authorityName="- Balthasar" authorityPageNumber="346" authorityYear="1941" box="[189,612,1487,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFF6CD88A1406FA6C" box="[189,349,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopoides</emphasis>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFEA6D895173FFA6F" author="Balthasar V." box="[375,612,1487,1514]" page="346" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFEA6D895173FFA6F" author="Balthasar" box="[375,612,1487,1514]" firstAuthor="Balthasar" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="337 - 358" refId="ref41109" refString="Balthasar V. 1941. Scarabaeidae Laparostictae (Col.). Beitrage zur Fauna Perus 1: 337 - 358." type="journal article" year="1941">Balthasar 1941: 346</bibRefCitation>
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; 
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<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFDBCD89517BEFA6C" author="Balthasar" box="[621,741,1487,1514]" firstAuthor="Balthasar" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="322 - 344" refId="ref41131" refString="Balthasar V. 1951. Scarabaeidae Laparostictae (Col.). Beitrage zur Fauna Perus 2: 322 - 344." type="journal article" year="1951">1951: 331</bibRefCitation>
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. — 
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<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFCC0D895117FFA6C" author="Blackwelder" box="[785,1060,1487,1514]" firstAuthor="Blackwelder" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref41524" refString="Blackwelder R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, West Indies and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185: 189 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185.2" type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 203</bibRefCitation>
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. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFB9ED8951450F98B" author="Pereira F. S. &amp; Martinez A." page="99" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1956">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFB9ED8951450F98B" author="Pereira &amp; Martinez" firstAuthor="Pereira" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="91 - 192" refId="ref48695" refString="Pereira F. S. &amp; Martinez A. 1956. Os generos de Canthonini americanos (Col. Scarabaeidae). Revista brasileira de Entomologia 6: 91 - 192." type="journal article" year="1956">Pereira &amp; Martínez 1956: 99</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFEE6D8A9174BF98B" author="Halffter G." box="[311,528,1523,1549]" page="229" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFEE6D8A9174BF98B" author="Halffter" box="[311,528,1523,1549]" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="225 - 320" refId="ref44297" refString="Halffter G. 1961. Monografia de las especies norteamericanas del genero Canthon Hoffsg. (Coleopt., Scarab.). Ciencia, Revista Hispano-Americana de Ciencias Puras y Aplicadas 20 (9 - 12): 225 - 320." type="journal article" year="1961">Halffter 1961: 229</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFDCBD8A917D5F988" author="Halffter G." box="[538,654,1523,1550]" page="257" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFDCBD8A917D5F988" author="Halffter" box="[538,654,1523,1550]" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="223 - 262" refId="ref44340" refString="Halffter G. 1974. Elements anciens de l'entomofaune neotropicale: ses implications biogeographiques. Quaestiones Entomologicae 10: 223 - 262." type="journal article" year="1974">1974: 257</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFC98D8A9169EF98B" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[841,965,1523,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFC98D8A9169EF98B" box="[841,965,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFC2CD8A9100AF988" author="Vulcano M. A. &amp; Pereira F. S." box="[1021,1361,1523,1550]" page="580" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFC2CD8A9100AF988" author="Vulcano &amp; Pereira" box="[1021,1361,1523,1550]" firstAuthor="Vulcano" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="570 - 685" refId="ref52362" refString="Vulcano M. A. &amp; Pereira F. S. 1964. Catalogue of the Canthonini (Col. Scarab.) inhabiting the Western Hemisphere. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 15 (2): 570 - 685. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 45986646 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1964">Vulcano &amp; Pereira 1964: 580</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFF3BDB4C173DF9B6" author="Halffter G. &amp; Matthews E. G." box="[234,614,1558,1584]" page="260" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFF3BDB4C173DF9B6" author="Halffter &amp; Matthews" box="[234,614,1558,1584]" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 312" refId="ref44605" refString="Halffter G. &amp; Matthews E. G. 1966. The natural history of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Folia Entomologica Mexicana 12 - 14: 1 - 312." type="journal article" year="1966">Halffter &amp; Matthews 1966: 260</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFD46DB4C115CF9B6" author="Halffter G. &amp; Martinez A." box="[663,1031,1558,1584]" page="103" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFD46DB4C115CF9B6" author="Halffter &amp; Martinez" box="[663,1031,1558,1584]" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="89 - 177" refId="ref44452" refString="Halffter G. &amp; Martinez A. 1966. Revision monografica de los Canthonina americanos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) (Iª Parte). Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural 27: 89 - 177." type="journal article" year="1966">Halffter &amp; Martínez 1966: 103</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 153–154, 158 (as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFF3BDB63143DF9D5" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[234,358,1593,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFF3BDB63143DF9D5" box="[234,358,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 1967: 79 (as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFD6FDB631661F9D5" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[702,826,1593,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFD6FDB631661F9D5" box="[702,826,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 1977: 34, 43 (as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFB10DB631066F9D5" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[1217,1341,1593,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFB10DB631066F9D5" box="[1217,1341,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFF3BDB0614E7F9F0" author="Krajcik M." box="[234,444,1628,1654]" page="163" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFF3BDB0614E7F9F0" author="Krajcik" box="[234,444,1628,1654]" firstAuthor="Krajcik" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref45773" refString="Krajcik M. 2006. Checklist of Scarabaeoidea of the World. 1. Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Animma 3 (Suppl. X): 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="2006">Krajcik 2006: 163</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as of dubious validity). — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFD2CDB061177F9F0" author="Chamorro W. &amp; Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Asenjo A. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[765,1068,1628,1654]" page="234" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFD2CDB061177F9F0" author="Chamorro" box="[765,1068,1628,1654]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Chamorro" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref42131" refString="Chamorro W., Marin-Armijos D., Asenjo A. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2019. Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records. Zookeys 826: 1 - 343. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 826.26488" type="journal article" year="2019">
Chamorro 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFCABDB0716E8F9F0" box="[890,947,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2019: 234
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFB38DB06103EF9F0" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[1257,1381,1628,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFB38DB06103EF9F0" box="[1257,1381,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). — 
<treatmentCitation id="DF59603A6C58FFDDFEDEDB2517B1F91F" author="Cupello M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[271,746,1663,1690]" page="168" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFEDEDB2517B1F91F" author="Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello" box="[271,746,1663,1690]" firstAuthor="Cupello" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="167 - 174" refId="ref42586" refString="Cupello M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2019. Case 3788 - Streblopus Lansberge, 1874 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae): proposed conservation by suppression of Colonychus Harold, 1868. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 76: 167 - 174." type="journal article" year="2019">Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2019: 168–169</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFC7FDBDA1171F91C" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[942,1066,1664,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFC7FDBDA1171F91C" box="[942,1066,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16E215A06C58FFDDFF6CDB9B1691F8D7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C58FFDDFF6CDB9B1403F95D" blockId="7.[189,344,1729,1755]" box="[189,344,1729,1755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="050FF1476C58FFDDFF6CDB9B1403F95D" bold="true" box="[189,344,1729,1755]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFF6CDB9B1403F95D" bold="true" box="[189,344,1729,1755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus id="8143F8896C58FFDDFF6CDB9B15A1F95D" box="[189,250,1729,1755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C58FFDDFF6CDBAA1691F8D7" blockId="7.[189,1398,1775,1873]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFF6CDBAA14FAF88C" authority=": Never" authorityName="Never" box="[189,417,1776,1802]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFF6CDBAA1413F88C" box="[189,328,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Colonychus</emphasis>
: Never
</taxonomicName>
fixed (see discussion below). – 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFCF4DBAA16FAF88C" ID-CoL="7P4G" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[805,929,1776,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFCF4DBAA16FAF88C" box="[805,929,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFC62DBAA15A1F8AB" ID-CoL="52WXR" authority="Van Lansberge, 1874" authorityName="Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opatroides">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFC62DBAA11EEF88C" box="[947,1205,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus opatroides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFB6FDBAA15A1F8AB" accessDate="2020-01-07" author="Van Lansberge J. W." journalOrPublisher="Coleopterologische Hefte" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="4 - 12" part="12" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25118460" refId="ref51459" refString="Van Lansberge J. W. 1874 a. Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages. Coleopterologische Hefte 12: 4 - 12. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25118460 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." title="Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages" type="journal article" year="1874">Van Lansberge, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original monotypy (
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFDF1DA49162DF8AB" author="Van Lansberge" box="[544,886,1811,1837]" firstAuthor="Van Lansberge" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="4 - 12" refId="ref51459" refString="Van Lansberge J. W. 1874 a. Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages. Coleopterologische Hefte 12: 4 - 12. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25118460 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1874" yearSuffix="a">Van Lansberge 1874a: 9–10</bibRefCitation>
). – 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFC76DA49111CF8AB" ID-CoL="7P4F" authorityName="- Balthasar" authorityYear="1941" box="[935,1095,1811,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFC76DA49111CF8AB" box="[935,1095,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFB8BDA49142DF8D6" ID-CoL="52WXQ" authority="Balthasar, 1938" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFB8BDA49102DF8AB" box="[1114,1398,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopoides punctatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFF6CDA6C142DF8D6" author="Balthasar" box="[189,374,1846,1872]" firstAuthor="Balthasar" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="210 - 223" refId="ref41072" refString="Balthasar V. 1938. Neue Gattungen und Arten der sudamerikanischen Coprophagen. (4. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Scarabaeiden der neotropischen Region). Entomologische Blatter 34 (4): 210 - 223." type="journal article" year="1938">Balthasar, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original monotypy (
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFD41DA6C16E5F8D7" author="Balthasar" box="[656,958,1846,1873]" firstAuthor="Balthasar" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="210 - 223" refId="ref41072" refString="Balthasar V. 1938. Neue Gattungen und Arten der sudamerikanischen Coprophagen. (4. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Scarabaeiden der neotropischen Region). Entomologische Blatter 34 (4): 210 - 223." type="journal article" year="1938">Balthasar 1938: 215–216</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16E215A06C58FFD2FF6CDA221409FEEA" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C58FFDDFF6CDA22141FF814" blockId="7.[189,324,1912,1938]" box="[189,324,1912,1938]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="050FF1476C58FFDDFF6CDA22141FF814" bold="true" box="[189,324,1912,1938]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFF6CDA22141FF814" bold="true" box="[189,324,1912,1938]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C58FFD2FF6CDAFC1409FEEA" blockId="7.[189,1398,1958,2020]" lastBlockId="8.[189,1399,267,364]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFF6CDAFC1763F846" authority=": Dubious. Possibly" authorityName="Dubious. Possibly" box="[189,568,1958,1984]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFF6CDAFC1413F846" box="[189,328,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Colonychus</emphasis>
: Dubious. Possibly
</taxonomicName>
from the Latin prefix ‘ 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFCB2DAFC16CAF846" box="[867,913,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">col-</emphasis>
’, meaning ‘with’, and the Greek word ‘ 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFF16DA93147CF865" box="[199,295,1993,2019]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">onychus</emphasis>
’, meaning ‘claw’ (
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C58FFDDFDDFDA9317F1F862" author="Brown" box="[526,682,1993,2020]" firstAuthor="Brown" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref41678" refString="Brown R. W. 1956. Composition of Scientific Words. A Manual of Methods and a Lexicon of Materials for the Practice of Logotechnics. Smithsonian Books, Washington DC." type="book" year="1956">Brown 1956</bibRefCitation>
). Masculine. – 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C58FFDDFCB6DA931194F865" authority=": Dubious. Possibly" authorityName="Dubious. Possibly" box="[871,1231,1993,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C58FFDDFCB6DA9316B8F865" box="[871,995,1993,2019]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Streblopus</emphasis>
: Dubious. Possibly
</taxonomicName>
derived from the Greek word ‘ 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FE59DC5114BCFEA3" box="[392,487,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Streblos</emphasis>
’ for ‘twisted, crooked, wrinkled’ (
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C57FFD2FCAEDC511143FEA0" author="Brown" box="[895,1048,267,294]" firstAuthor="Brown" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref41678" refString="Brown R. W. 1956. Composition of Scientific Words. A Manual of Methods and a Lexicon of Materials for the Practice of Logotechnics. Smithsonian Books, Washington DC." type="book" year="1956">Brown 1956</bibRefCitation>
). Masculine. – 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FB1FDC511440FECE" authority=": Derived" authorityName="Derived" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FB1FDC511035FEA3" box="[1230,1390,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Streblopoides</emphasis>
: Derived
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FEB5DC7514BBFECF" box="[356,480,303,329]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FEB5DC7514BBFECF" box="[356,480,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in reference to the close relationship between Balthasar’s new genus and Van Lansberge’s.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16E215A06C57FFD2FF6CDCC111D1FA8B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C57FFD2FF6CDCC11492FE33" blockId="8.[189,457,411,437]" box="[189,457,411,437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="050FF1476C57FFD2FF6CDCC11492FE33" bold="true" box="[189,457,411,437]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FF6CDCC11492FE33" bold="true" box="[189,457,411,437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C57FFD2FF6CDC9311D1FA8B" blockId="8.[189,1399,457,1294]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FF6CDC931462FE65" box="[189,313,457,483]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FF6CDC931462FE65" box="[189,313,457,483]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is possibly the most readily differentiable genus of the New World dung beetle fauna. As all identification keys that included 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FDFDDCB617F3FD80" box="[556,680,492,518]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FDFDDCB617F3FD80" box="[556,680,492,518]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have noted(
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C57FFD2FCE2DCB61694FD81" author="Paulian" box="[819,975,492,519]" firstAuthor="Paulian" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="213 - 296" refId="ref48532" refString="Paulian R. 1938. Contribution a l'etude des canthonides americans [Coleopt. Lamellic.]. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 107: 213 - 296." type="journal article" year="1938">Paulian 1938</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C57FFD2FC06DCB611A8FD81" author="Pereira &amp; Martinez" box="[983,1267,492,519]" firstAuthor="Pereira" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="91 - 192" refId="ref48695" refString="Pereira F. S. &amp; Martinez A. 1956. Os generos de Canthonini americanos (Col. Scarabaeidae). Revista brasileira de Entomologia 6: 91 - 192." type="journal article" year="1956">Pereira&amp; Martínez1956</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C57FFD2FB2ADCB6140FFDAC" author="Vulcano &amp; Pereira" firstAuthor="Vulcano" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="533 - 603" refId="ref52427" refString="Vulcano M. A. &amp; Pereira F. S. 1967. Sinopse dos Passalidae e Scarabaeidae s. str. da regiao amazonica (Insecta, Coleoptera). Atas do Simposio sobre a Biota Amazonica 5 (Zoologia): 533 - 603." type="journal article" year="1967">Vulcano&amp; Pereira 1967</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C57FFD2FE8FDF4A17D1FDAC" author="Halffter &amp; Martinez" box="[350,650,528,554]" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="29 - 107" refId="ref44571" refString="Halffter G. &amp; Martinez A. 1977. Revision monografica de los Canthonina americanos, IV parte. Clave para generos y subgeneros. Folia Entomologica Mexicana 38: 29 - 107." type="journal article" year="1977">Halffter &amp; Martínez 1977</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C57FFD2FD45DF4A16ECFDAC" author="Vaz-de-Mello" box="[660,951,528,554]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Vaz-de-Mello" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref51939" refString="Vaz-de-Mello F. Z., Edmonds W. D., Ocampo F. C. &amp; Schoolmeesters P. 2011. A multilingual key to the genera and subgenera of the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the New World (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Zootaxa 2854: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2011">
Vaz-de-Mello 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FCEADF4B162FFDAC" box="[827,884,528,554]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
), the posteromedian dentiform process of the pronotum of both species is unique among the 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FCE0DF691697FDCB" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[817,972,563,589]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scarabaeinae">Scarabaeinae</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FC0DDF69117AFDCB" box="[988,1057,563,589]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[219,1384,501,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[189,1399,465,1943]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 1. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A‒B. Ordinary specimens, dorsal view. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. Lectotype, ♂. C. Dorsal view. D. Attached labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666849/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 1</figureCitation>
A–C, 3A, C–D, 12A–B) and can be confidently used to separate the genus from the other groups in the subfamily. The general aspect of the body, which is very elongate, flattened and shows neither cephalic nor pronotal horns, also adds to the peculiar appearance of the genus (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FD4CDFC617B8FD31" box="[669,739,668,695]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[219,1384,501,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[189,1399,465,1943]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 1. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A‒B. Ordinary specimens, dorsal view. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. Lectotype, ♂. C. Dorsal view. D. Attached labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666849/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 1</figureCitation>
A–C, 3A, C–D), as well as the shape of its labial palpi, whose basal palpomere is unusually expanded (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FD21DF9A1607FD5C" box="[752,860,704,730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[305,1284,267,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[274,1313,254,1844]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 11. Labium of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874 (left palpus removed). A. Ventral view (aboral surface). B. Dorsal view (oral surface). C. Lateral view. D. Removed left palpus. Note the unusual shape of the palpus, with the basal palpomere remarkably enlarged. Abbreviations: gl = glossa; glf = glossal flap; lbpl = labial palp; lshpx = lateral hypopharyngeal sclerite; mt = mentum; pmts = premental sclerite; shp = suspensorium of hypopharynx; vapmts = ventral angles of premental sclerites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666869/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
). Indeed, 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FC00DF9A1116FD5C" box="[977,1101,704,730]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FC00DF9A1116FD5C" box="[977,1101,704,730]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is so distinctive that it is difficult to point out any genera with which it could be confused. From the 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FBE5DFB91198FD7B" authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1856" box="[1076,1219,739,765]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Deltochilini">Deltochilini</taxonomicName>
, apart from the characters listed above, 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FE03DE5C1715FCA6" box="[466,590,774,800]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FE03DE5C1715FCA6" box="[466,590,774,800]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs by its mesotibiae being abruptly expanded at the apex in males (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FF17DE731403FCC5" box="[198,344,809,835]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1873,1899]" captionTargetBox="[414,1176,268,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[370,1217,262,1848]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 18. Mesotibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Observe that females of S. opatroides differ from those of S. punctatus by having a deep emargination at the apical edge of the mesotibiae (red arrow shows emargination)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666883/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 18A, C</figureCitation>
); from 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FE63DE731718FCC5" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1822" box="[434,579,809,835]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Deltochilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FE63DE731718FCC5" box="[434,579,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Deltochilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in particular, a genus that was once said to be similar to 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FB2BDE73102DFCC5" box="[1274,1398,809,835]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FB2BDE73102DFCC5" box="[1274,1398,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C57FFD2FF14DE171491FCE1" author="Van Lansberge" box="[197,458,844,871]" firstAuthor="Van Lansberge" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="4 - 12" refId="ref51459" refString="Van Lansberge J. W. 1874 a. Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages. Coleopterologische Hefte 12: 4 - 12. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25118460 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1874" yearSuffix="a">Van Lansberge 1874a</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C57FFD2FE06DE1617D0FCE1" author="Balthasar" box="[471,651,844,871]" firstAuthor="Balthasar" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="210 - 223" refId="ref41072" refString="Balthasar V. 1938. Neue Gattungen und Arten der sudamerikanischen Coprophagen. (4. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Scarabaeiden der neotropischen Region). Entomologische Blatter 34 (4): 210 - 223." type="journal article" year="1938">Balthasar 1938</bibRefCitation>
) and with which it shares a wide pseudepipleura, 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FB0FDE161001FCE0" box="[1246,1370,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FB0FDE161001FCE0" box="[1246,1370,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is different, among many other features, by the absence of tubercles at the apex of the elytra. Its slender metatibiae (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FE9BDEC914FAFC2B" box="[330,417,915,941]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[189,232,1885,1911]" captionTargetBox="[193,1401,417,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[176,1414,404,1875]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 20. Posterior legs. A‒D. Metatibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species. E‒F. Metatarsi and apex of metatibia of S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. Observe how much shorter the male metatibial spur is in comparison to that of the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666887/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
A–D), in turn, will separate 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FD29DEC9162FFC2B" box="[760,884,915,941]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FD29DEC9162FFC2B" box="[760,884,915,941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Dichotomiini and 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FB4DDEC911A2FC2B" box="[1180,1273,915,941]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coprini">Coprini</taxonomicName>
, while the presence of tarsal claws (among many other characters) differentiates the genus from the 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FB1ADEEC101EFC56" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1873" box="[1227,1349,950,976]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eucraniini">Eucraniini</taxonomicName>
and the absence of three pairs of sharp clypeal teeth will separate it from 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FC36DE83112FFC75" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[999,1140,985,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Scarabaeini">Scarabaeini</taxonomicName>
. Finally, 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FB0EDE831000FC75" box="[1247,1371,985,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FB0EDE831000FC75" box="[1247,1371,985,1011]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is different from the 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FE43DEA61778FB90" authorityName="Vulcano, Martinez &amp; Pereira" authorityYear="1961" box="[402,547,1020,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eurysternini">Eurysternini</taxonomicName>
in not having a visible scutellum, its mesocoxae are obliquely positioned (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FF17D97A1442FBBC" box="[198,281,1056,1082]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,904,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1398,884,1868]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 13. Venter. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Hypomeron. B. Mesoventrite and anterior region of metaventrite. C‒F. Metaventrite and abdomen. C‒D. S. opatroides. C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E. ♂. F. ♀. Note in particular the distinction between the species and sexes in the shape of the concavity of the posterior region of the metaventrite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666873/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
C–F) and the labial palpi are 3-articulated (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FCCFD97A16D0FBBC" box="[798,907,1056,1082]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[305,1284,267,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[274,1313,254,1844]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 11. Labium of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874 (left palpus removed). A. Ventral view (aboral surface). B. Dorsal view (oral surface). C. Lateral view. D. Removed left palpus. Note the unusual shape of the palpus, with the basal palpomere remarkably enlarged. Abbreviations: gl = glossa; glf = glossal flap; lbpl = labial palp; lshpx = lateral hypopharyngeal sclerite; mt = mentum; pmts = premental sclerite; shp = suspensorium of hypopharynx; vapmts = ventral angles of premental sclerites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666869/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
), whereas 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FBDBD97B11C3FBBC" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1824" box="[1034,1176,1057,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Eurysternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FBDBD97B11C3FBBC" box="[1034,1176,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eurysternus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the only genus of its tribe, has a visible scutellum, parallel mesocoxae and 2-articulated labial palpi (see 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C57FFD2FB6BD9191016FBDB" author="Genier" box="[1210,1357,1091,1117]" firstAuthor="Genier" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref43771" refString="Genier F. 2009. Le genre Eurysternus Dalman, 1824 (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Oniticellini), Revision taxonomique et Cles de Determination illustrees. Pensoft, Sofia and Moscow." type="book" year="2009">Génier 2009</bibRefCitation>
for more details). Although certainly far from being exclusive to 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FC5BD93C115DFB06" box="[906,1030,1126,1152]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FC5BD93C115DFB06" box="[906,1030,1126,1152]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the labrum having the anterior margin deeply emarginated (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FDDAD9D31715FB25" box="[523,590,1161,1187]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1645,1671]" captionTargetBox="[201,1372,273,1611]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,262,1621]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 8. Labrum. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Aboral surface (dorsal view). B. Oral surface (ventral view; epipharynx). C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. Aboral surface. D. Oral surface. Note the many differences between the two species, particularly the much denser and shorter setation of the median area in S. punctatus, the much longer median brush of S. opatroides and the dissimilarities in the shape of the anterior epypharingeal margin. The black arrow shows the anterior margin of the labrum, while the red arrow indicates the anterolateral region. Abbreviations: afr = apical fringe of labrum; ampr = antero-median process of labral suspensorium; lf = lateral files; mbr = medial brush of labrum; pmpr = postero-median process of labral suspensorium; ppm = proplegmatium; ssma = socketed setae of median area; topr = tormal process of labral suspensorium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666863/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A–D), the protarsi being absent in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FBBAD9D3119AFB22" box="[1131,1217,1161,1188]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,577,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[183,1403,571,1851]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 15. Protibiae. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒H. Ventral view. E‒F. S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. G‒H. S. punctatus. G. ♂. H. ♀. Notice the many differences between the species and sexes, in particular the presence of a protibial spur in males of S. punctatus (and its absence in S. opatroides) and the different shapes of the spurs and of the lateral teeth in females of the two species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666877/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 15</figureCitation>
A–H, 16C), the metacoxae having a lateral spur covering the epipleura (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FC98D9F616EEFB41" box="[841,949,1196,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1759,1785]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,591,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1398,566,1745]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 19. Posterior legs. A. Metacoxa of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Arrow shows the lateral spur present in both sexes of both species. Note also that the spur covers the epipleura and possibly maintains the elytra pressed against the body, thus avoiding loss of water or the entry of sediment beneath the elytra in a similar way to that hypothesized for the metanepisternal tab of the Phanaeini and other tunneller groups (Edmonds 1972; Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2016). B‒E. Metafemora and metatrochanters. B‒C. S. opatroides. B. ♂. C. ♀. D‒E. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). D. ♂. E. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666885/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
), the hind wing having a deep notch at the area of the anal fold (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FE33D98A1711FB6C" box="[482,586,1232,1258]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1683,1709]" captionTargetBox="[281,1310,266,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[268,1319,262,1670]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 21. Wings. A‒E. Elytra. A. Lateral view of elytra of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Note the very wide pseudepiplera and narrow epipleura. B‒C. Pseudepipleural carina (indicated by red arrows). B. S. opatroides. C. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Observe that the pseudepipleural carina in B is completely interrupted by umbilicate punctures, whereas the pseudepipleural carina in C is almost completely smooth, with very tiny and isolated punctures. D‒E. Lateral view of apex of elytra. D. S. opatroides. E. S. punctatus. Note how the distal calluses (shown by blue arrows) of S. punctatus are much more strongly projecting than those of S. opatroides. F. Right hind wing of Streblopus opatroides. Red arrow shows the notch of the anal fold. Abbreviations: AA = anal anterior; AP = anal posterior; Cu = cubitus; J = jugal; MP = media posterior; MPa = accessory MP; r4 = cross-vein r4 (cross-vein connecting veins RA3+4 and RP2); RA = radius anterior; RP = radius posterior; ScA = subcosta anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666889/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 21F</figureCitation>
), the asymmetrical parameres (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FC69D98A1151FB6C" box="[952,1034,1232,1258]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[245,1346,268,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[205,1383,254,1844]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 23. Genital capsule. A‒D. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Dorsal view. B‒C. Lateral view from slightly different angles (red arrow shows the ventral surface and its keel). D. Ventral view. E‒H. S. punctatus. (Balthasar, 1938). E. Dorsal view. F‒G. Lateral view from slightly different angles (red arrow indicates ventral surface). H. Ventral view. Observe the differences in the shape of the parameres, in particular how the apical hook is much more prominent in S. punctatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666893/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
A–H) and the reduced sclerites of the internal sac (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FE4FD9A914ADFA8B" box="[414,502,1267,1293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[189,232,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[195,1398,631,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[183,1408,614,1799]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 24. Internal sac of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A‒C. Different views of the undissected internal sac and sclerites in resting position. D. Superior right peripheral sclerite. Arrow indicates a triangular area of a more sclerotized tegument that is probably homologous to a similar triangular area on the SRP of S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E‒F. Apical and subapical sclerites. E. Resting position. F. Sclerites after separation. Abbreviations: A = axial sclerite; Rp = raspule; SA = subaxial sclerite; SRP = superior right peripheral sclerite; T = temones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666895/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 24</figureCitation>
A–F, 25A–E) are also remarkable features of this genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16E215A06C57FFD6FF6CD8661465FCFA" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C57FFD2FF6CD8661430FAD0" blockId="8.[189,363,1340,1366]" box="[189,363,1340,1366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="050FF1476C57FFD2FF6CD8661430FAD0" bold="true" box="[189,363,1340,1366]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FF6CD8661430FAD0" bold="true" box="[189,363,1340,1366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Redescription</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C57FFD2FF6CD8311712F85D" blockId="8.[189,1399,1386,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
HEAD. Transverse, with apex ranging from clearly emarginated (males of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FB93D83111BBFA02" authorityName="Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[1090,1248,1386,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opatroides">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FB93D83111BBFA02" box="[1090,1248,1386,1413]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. opatroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) to truncate (females of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FE9DD8D41487FA21" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1938" box="[332,476,1422,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FE9DD8D41487FA21" box="[332,476,1422,1448]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); emargination, when present, flanked by two small teeth; remainder of outer edge simply rounded, with no accessory teeth or notch between clypeus and paraocular areas (ʻgenaeʼ) (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FF17D88E1456FA69" box="[198,269,1492,1519]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,636,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[170,1410,608,1847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Head. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note how the emargination of the apex of the clypeus varies between the species and sexes, being greater in males of S. opatroides than in males of S. punctatus and females of both sexes. E‒F. Lateral view. E. S. opatroides. F. S. punctatus. Red arrow indicates the canthus. Observe that the canthus is much longer in S. opatroides than in S. punctatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666857/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A–D). Suture between clypeus and paraocular areas present and well-marked, with a tenuous tumescence (more evident in males) on clypeus adjacent to suture (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FC35D8AD1172F994" box="[996,1065,1527,1554]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,636,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[170,1410,608,1847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Head. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note how the emargination of the apex of the clypeus varies between the species and sexes, being greater in males of S. opatroides than in males of S. punctatus and females of both sexes. E‒F. Lateral view. E. S. opatroides. F. S. punctatus. Red arrow indicates the canthus. Observe that the canthus is much longer in S. opatroides than in S. punctatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666857/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A–D); fronto-clypeal suture vestigial, present very shortly and only at laterals adjacent to eyes (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FC14DB401153F9B3" box="[965,1032,1562,1589]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,636,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[170,1410,608,1847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Head. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note how the emargination of the apex of the clypeus varies between the species and sexes, being greater in males of S. opatroides than in males of S. punctatus and females of both sexes. E‒F. Lateral view. E. S. opatroides. F. S. punctatus. Red arrow indicates the canthus. Observe that the canthus is much longer in S. opatroides than in S. punctatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666857/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A–D). Eyes with dorsal surface wide, largest width as wide as one-fifth to one-fourth of interocular space; with a short (
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FB0DDB641036F9D1" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1938" box="[1244,1389,1598,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FB0DDB641036F9D1" box="[1244,1389,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or pronounced (
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C57FFD2FE50DB3B1745F9FD" authorityName="Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[385,542,1633,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opatroides">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C57FFD2FE50DB3B1745F9FD" box="[385,542,1633,1659]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. opatroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) canthus (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FD70DB3B17B2F9FA" box="[673,745,1633,1660]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,636,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[170,1410,608,1847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Head. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note how the emargination of the apex of the clypeus varies between the species and sexes, being greater in males of S. opatroides than in males of S. punctatus and females of both sexes. E‒F. Lateral view. E. S. opatroides. F. S. punctatus. Red arrow indicates the canthus. Observe that the canthus is much longer in S. opatroides than in S. punctatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666857/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
E–F). Entire dorsal surface of head covered by small umbilicate punctation, progressively denser from apex of clypeus towards frons and paraocular area; dorsal surface almost entirely flat, without any traces of horns, tubercles or elevations; a very tenuous depression present only behind apical emargination of clypeus and in paraocular areas in front of eyes. Clypeal process transverse, with apex either rounded (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FCE1DBB416C2F88E" box="[816,921,1773,1800]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[222,1356,270,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[197,1407,244,1923]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 16. Protibiae. A‒B. Lateral view. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Note the how the protibia of S. opatroides is much more curved than that of S. punctatus. C. Frontal view of the protibia of S. punctatus. Note the presence of a protibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666879/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
) or acuminate (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FB9CDBB411EFF881" box="[1101,1204,1773,1800]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[222,1356,270,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[197,1407,244,1923]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 16. Protibiae. A‒B. Lateral view. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Note the how the protibia of S. opatroides is much more curved than that of S. punctatus. C. Frontal view of the protibia of S. punctatus. Note the presence of a protibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666879/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
). Antennae 8- or 9-articulated (funicle with 3 or 4 articles) (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FD62DA4B17A3F8AD" box="[691,760,1809,1835]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1873,1899]" captionTargetBox="[190,1401,838,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[157,1424,811,1862]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 7. Antennae. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Note the differences between the two species concerning the colour of the apical flagellomeres and the number and shape of the articles. In S. punctatus, the suppression of arthrogenesis between ancestral articles III and IV has resulted in a reduction of the total number of antennomeres from 9 to 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666861/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A–B). Labrum with lateral projections well developed and with anterior labral margin deeply U-emarginated; epipharynx with well-developed median brush and well-delimited lateral files (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FDE1DA0D1728F8F7" box="[560,627,1879,1905]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1645,1671]" captionTargetBox="[201,1372,273,1611]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,262,1621]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 8. Labrum. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Aboral surface (dorsal view). B. Oral surface (ventral view; epipharynx). C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. Aboral surface. D. Oral surface. Note the many differences between the two species, particularly the much denser and shorter setation of the median area in S. punctatus, the much longer median brush of S. opatroides and the dissimilarities in the shape of the anterior epypharingeal margin. The black arrow shows the anterior margin of the labrum, while the red arrow indicates the anterolateral region. Abbreviations: afr = apical fringe of labrum; ampr = antero-median process of labral suspensorium; lf = lateral files; mbr = medial brush of labrum; pmpr = postero-median process of labral suspensorium; ppm = proplegmatium; ssma = socketed setae of median area; topr = tormal process of labral suspensorium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666863/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A–D). Mandibles (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FC81DA0D16CEF8F7" box="[848,917,1879,1905]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[281,1289,269,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[268,1319,240,1881]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Mandibles of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A‒B. Ventral view. A. Left mandible. B. Right mandible. C. Lateral view of right mandible. Abbreviations: apmm = apodemes of mandibular muscles; cmb = comb of incisor lobe of mandible; conj = conjunctivus of mandible; inlb = incisor lobe of mandible; mac = mandibular acetabulum; molb = molar lobe of mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666865/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A–C), maxillae (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FB88DA0D11F0F8F7" box="[1113,1195,1879,1905]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,1035,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[155,1406,1030,1881]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 10. Maxillae of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Dorsal view with extended lacinia. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view. Abbreviations: car = cardo; darsgal = dorsal articular sclerite of galea; gal = galea; lac = lacinia; mxpl = maxillary palpus; prcar = articular process of cardo; ss1–4 = stipal sclerite 1–4; varsgal = ventral articular sclerite of galea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666867/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A–C) and labium (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FF17DA20144CF813" box="[198,279,1914,1941]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[305,1284,267,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[274,1313,254,1844]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 11. Labium of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874 (left palpus removed). A. Ventral view (aboral surface). B. Dorsal view (oral surface). C. Lateral view. D. Removed left palpus. Note the unusual shape of the palpus, with the basal palpomere remarkably enlarged. Abbreviations: gl = glossa; glf = glossal flap; lbpl = labial palp; lshpx = lateral hypopharyngeal sclerite; mt = mentum; pmts = premental sclerite; shp = suspensorium of hypopharynx; vapmts = ventral angles of premental sclerites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666869/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A–C) typical of dung beetles, without any notable variation, except for shape of 3-articulated labial palpi, with basal palpomere largely expanded and almost twice as long as second and third palpomeres combined (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C57FFD2FE1EDA9B1760F85D" box="[463,571,1985,2011]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[305,1284,267,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[274,1313,254,1844]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 11. Labium of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874 (left palpus removed). A. Ventral view (aboral surface). B. Dorsal view (oral surface). C. Lateral view. D. Removed left palpus. Note the unusual shape of the palpus, with the basal palpomere remarkably enlarged. Abbreviations: gl = glossa; glf = glossal flap; lbpl = labial palp; lshpx = lateral hypopharyngeal sclerite; mt = mentum; pmts = premental sclerite; shp = suspensorium of hypopharynx; vapmts = ventral angles of premental sclerites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666869/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C56FFD0FF6CDC561053FDE5" blockId="9.[189,1398,267,435]" lastBlockId="10.[189,1399,267,611]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
THORAX. Pronotum transverse, convex, with no elevations, grooves or depressions (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C56FFD3FB58DC511187FEA3" box="[1161,1244,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,486,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[100,1441,479,1939]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 12. Pronotum. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Note the differences in the umbilicate punctation and colour between the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666871/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
A–B); lateral foveae tiny, but clearly impressed; posterior foveae absent; lateral and anterior edges marginate, anterior margin with a membranous area covering base of frons; lateral edges sinuous in both dorsal and lateral views;postero-lateral angles strongly projecting in an acuminate(or slightly rounded) projection; posterior edge highly sinuous, with a strong flange projecting backwards at centre covering base of elytral suture; surface of pronotum covered by umbilicate punctation, varying in density between species. Hypomeron with anterior region covered by small umbilicate punctures similar to and bearing setae slightly longer than those of head and pronotum, and posterior region with punctures with setae much longer than on rest of tegument (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FEE8DC2F14FFFE09" box="[313,420,373,399]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,904,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1398,884,1868]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 13. Venter. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Hypomeron. B. Mesoventrite and anterior region of metaventrite. C‒F. Metaventrite and abdomen. C‒D. S. opatroides. C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E. ♂. F. ♀. Note in particular the distinction between the species and sexes in the shape of the concavity of the posterior region of the metaventrite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666873/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
); hypomeral carina completely absent; anterior region of hypomeron not excavated, posterior region declivous (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FDD9DCC2172FFE34" box="[520,628,408,434]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,904,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1398,884,1868]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 13. Venter. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Hypomeron. B. Mesoventrite and anterior region of metaventrite. C‒F. Metaventrite and abdomen. C‒D. S. opatroides. C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E. ♂. F. ♀. Note in particular the distinction between the species and sexes in the shape of the concavity of the posterior region of the metaventrite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666873/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
). Prosternum, mesoventrite, mesanepisterna and metanepisterna entirely covered by umbilicate punctation, varying in density between species (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FBB6DCE111E2FE53" box="[1127,1209,443,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,904,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1398,884,1868]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 13. Venter. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Hypomeron. B. Mesoventrite and anterior region of metaventrite. C‒F. Metaventrite and abdomen. C‒D. S. opatroides. C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E. ♂. F. ♀. Note in particular the distinction between the species and sexes in the shape of the concavity of the posterior region of the metaventrite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666873/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
B–F); tegument between punctures smooth or with a very diffuse rivulose microsculpture. Mesoventrite wide, with a broad transverse groove at centre (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FD85DF5817E7FD9A" box="[596,700,514,540]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,904,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1398,884,1868]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 13. Venter. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Hypomeron. B. Mesoventrite and anterior region of metaventrite. C‒F. Metaventrite and abdomen. C‒D. S. opatroides. C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E. ♂. F. ♀. Note in particular the distinction between the species and sexes in the shape of the concavity of the posterior region of the metaventrite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666873/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
). Meso-metaventral suture arched (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FBB1DF581193FD9A" box="[1120,1224,514,540]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,904,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1398,884,1868]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 13. Venter. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Hypomeron. B. Mesoventrite and anterior region of metaventrite. C‒F. Metaventrite and abdomen. C‒D. S. opatroides. C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E. ♂. F. ♀. Note in particular the distinction between the species and sexes in the shape of the concavity of the posterior region of the metaventrite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666873/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
). Metaventrite covered by umbilicate punctation, denser towards anterior lobe and sides; centre almost devoid of any punctation; posterior region clearly depressed, varying in degree between sexes (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FBA0DF121199FDE4" box="[1137,1218,584,610]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,904,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1398,884,1868]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 13. Venter. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Hypomeron. B. Mesoventrite and anterior region of metaventrite. C‒F. Metaventrite and abdomen. C‒D. S. opatroides. C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E. ♂. F. ♀. Note in particular the distinction between the species and sexes in the shape of the concavity of the posterior region of the metaventrite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666873/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
C–F).
</paragraph>
<caption id="0A8716A36C56FFD3FF6CDAF61617F86F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3666849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666849/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[189,232,1964,1990]" targetBox="[219,1384,501,1926]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C56FFD3FF6CDAF61617F86F" blockId="9.[189,1398,1964,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C56FFD3FF6CDAF61451F840" bold="true" box="[189,266,1964,1990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C56FFD3FEC3DAF6164AF840" authority="van Lansberge, 1874" authorityName="Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[274,785,1964,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opatroides">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C56FFD3FEC3DAF6174AF840" box="[274,529,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Streblopus opatroides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C56FFD3FDC8DAF6164AF840" accessDate="2020-01-07" author="Van Lansberge J. W." box="[537,785,1964,1990]" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterologische Hefte" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="4 - 12" part="12" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25118460" refId="ref51459" refString="Van Lansberge J. W. 1874 a. Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages. Coleopterologische Hefte 12: 4 - 12. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25118460 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." title="Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages" type="journal article" year="1874">van Lansberge, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C56FFD3FCCBDAF6160AF840" bold="true" box="[794,849,1964,1990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A‒B</emphasis>
. Ordinary specimens, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C56FFD3FB3EDAF6105FF840" bold="true" box="[1263,1284,1964,1990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
. ♂. 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C56FFD3FAE6DAF61010F840" bold="true" box="[1335,1355,1964,1990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
. ♀. 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C56FFD3FF6CDA9515ADF86F" bold="true" box="[189,246,1999,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C‒D</emphasis>
. Lectotype, ♂. 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C56FFD3FE7CDA951499F86F" bold="true" box="[429,450,1999,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
. Dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C56FFD3FDBDDA9517DAF86F" bold="true" box="[620,641,1999,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">D</emphasis>
. Attached labels.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C55FFD0FF6CDFD0142CFBEB" blockId="10.[189,1399,649,1133]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
LEGS. With a highly marked sexual dimorphism and intrasexual allometric variation.All femora and tibiae with ventral surface covered by umbilicate punctation (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FC9BDFF716F9FD41" box="[842,930,685,711]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[192,1401,1014,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[161,1432,996,1924]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 14. Profemora. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note the differences between the species and sexes in relation to the overall shape of the profemora and the presence of spurs on the anterior edge in males." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666875/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 14</figureCitation>
A–B, 17A–F, 18A–D, 19B–E, 20A–D). Protarsi lacking in both sexes. Protibiae with three acute teeth on apical half of exterior edge; basal half marked by a row of smaller denticles (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FDA4DFA9179FFC88" box="[629,708,755,782]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,577,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[183,1403,571,1851]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 15. Protibiae. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒H. Ventral view. E‒F. S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. G‒H. S. punctatus. G. ♂. H. ♀. Notice the many differences between the species and sexes, in particular the presence of a protibial spur in males of S. punctatus (and its absence in S. opatroides) and the different shapes of the spurs and of the lateral teeth in females of the two species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666877/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
A–H). Mesocoxae obliquely orientated to one another, with surface covered by umbilicate punctation, ranging in density between species (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FB8BDE4C11F0FCB6" box="[1114,1195,790,816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,904,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1398,884,1868]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 13. Venter. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Hypomeron. B. Mesoventrite and anterior region of metaventrite. C‒F. Metaventrite and abdomen. C‒D. S. opatroides. C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E. ♂. F. ♀. Note in particular the distinction between the species and sexes in the shape of the concavity of the posterior region of the metaventrite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666873/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
C–F). Meso- and metafemora linear and lacking both anterior and posterior margins (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FC3BDE631118FCD2" box="[1002,1091,825,852]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,831,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[181,1405,816,1854]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 17. Mesofemora. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. Note the sexual dimorphism in the presence of a long row of setae on the posterior edge of the male mesofemur. C‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. Detail of posterior region of metafemora. E. ♂. F. ♀. Note the strong alveolar microsculpture present near the posterior edge in males and the high concentration of umbilicate punctures in the same region in females." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666881/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 17</figureCitation>
A–F, 19B–E). Mesotibiae slender, but abruptly expanded near apex (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FD63DE07165FFCF1" box="[690,772,861,887]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1873,1899]" captionTargetBox="[414,1176,268,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[370,1217,262,1848]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 18. Mesotibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Observe that females of S. opatroides differ from those of S. punctatus by having a deep emargination at the apical edge of the mesotibiae (red arrow shows emargination)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666883/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
A–D). Mesotarsi long and slender, at least as long as mesotibiae; basal and apical mesotarsomeres subequal in length and as long as mesotarsomeres II–IV combined. Metacoxae with external spur covering epipleura (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FC52DEF916B6FC3B" box="[899,1005,931,957]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1759,1785]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,591,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1398,566,1745]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 19. Posterior legs. A. Metacoxa of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Arrow shows the lateral spur present in both sexes of both species. Note also that the spur covers the epipleura and possibly maintains the elytra pressed against the body, thus avoiding loss of water or the entry of sediment beneath the elytra in a similar way to that hypothesized for the metanepisternal tab of the Phanaeini and other tunneller groups (Edmonds 1972; Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2016). B‒E. Metafemora and metatrochanters. B‒C. S. opatroides. B. ♂. C. ♀. D‒E. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). D. ♂. E. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
, red arrow). Metatrochanters with a sexually-dimorphic brush of long setae at posterior edge (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FCBFDE9C16E4FC66" box="[878,959,966,992]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1759,1785]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,591,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1398,566,1745]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 19. Posterior legs. A. Metacoxa of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Arrow shows the lateral spur present in both sexes of both species. Note also that the spur covers the epipleura and possibly maintains the elytra pressed against the body, thus avoiding loss of water or the entry of sediment beneath the elytra in a similar way to that hypothesized for the metanepisternal tab of the Phanaeini and other tunneller groups (Edmonds 1972; Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2016). B‒E. Metafemora and metatrochanters. B‒C. S. opatroides. B. ♂. C. ♀. D‒E. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). D. ♂. E. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
B–E). Metatibiae slender, longer than metafemora (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FE88DEB314F6FB82" box="[345,429,1001,1028]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[189,232,1885,1911]" captionTargetBox="[193,1401,417,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[176,1414,404,1875]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 20. Posterior legs. A‒D. Metatibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species. E‒F. Metatarsi and apex of metatibia of S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. Observe how much shorter the male metatibial spur is in comparison to that of the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666887/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
A–D). Metatarsi long, at least as long as half-length of metatibiae; metatarsomeres I–IV more or less equivalent in length (tarsomeres slightly shorter towards apex); metatarsomere V very long, almost as long as combined length of metatarsomeres II–IV. Meso- and metatarsal claws curved, well developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C55FFD0FF6CD9CF119BFA04" blockId="10.[189,1399,1173,1410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
ELYTRA. With a broad pseudepipleura delimited by a short carina adjacent to stria VII; epipleura very narrow (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FEF0D9E214D0FB54" box="[289,395,1208,1234]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1683,1709]" captionTargetBox="[281,1310,266,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[268,1319,262,1670]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 21. Wings. A‒E. Elytra. A. Lateral view of elytra of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Note the very wide pseudepiplera and narrow epipleura. B‒C. Pseudepipleural carina (indicated by red arrows). B. S. opatroides. C. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Observe that the pseudepipleural carina in B is completely interrupted by umbilicate punctures, whereas the pseudepipleural carina in C is almost completely smooth, with very tiny and isolated punctures. D‒E. Lateral view of apex of elytra. D. S. opatroides. E. S. punctatus. Note how the distal calluses (shown by blue arrows) of S. punctatus are much more strongly projecting than those of S. opatroides. F. Right hind wing of Streblopus opatroides. Red arrow shows the notch of the anal fold. Abbreviations: AA = anal anterior; AP = anal posterior; Cu = cubitus; J = jugal; MP = media posterior; MPa = accessory MP; r4 = cross-vein r4 (cross-vein connecting veins RA3+4 and RP2); RA = radius anterior; RP = radius posterior; ScA = subcosta anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666889/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
). With nine fine and well-delimited striae, seven on disc and two on pseudepipleura; striae interrupted by umbilicate punctures along their entire length. Striae I and IX, II and VIII, and III and IV or V connected to one another at apex of elytra; stria VIII absent at base of pseudepipleura. Elytral tegument with umbilicate punctation and with well-delimited alveolar microsculpture between umbilicate punctures. Elytral umbilicate punctures of subequal width or with variable width. Scutellary impression absent; scutellum not visible from above, entirely covered by base of elytra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C55FFD0FF6CD8F31499F911" blockId="10.[189,1399,1449,1687]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
ABDOMEN. With six ventrites covered by umbilicate punctation. Ventrites I–IV with punctation more clearly marked at their anterior half; ventrite V evenly punctate; ventrite VI evenly punctate at sides and smooth or with punctures very sparse at centre. Abdomen very short at centre, with length subequal to separation between meso- and metacoxae. Ventrite VI as long as ventrites III–V combined. Pygidium very short and deflected towards venter, surface covered by umbilicate punctures; completely marginate, with basal margin slightly raised (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FD9BDB0317E9F9F5" box="[586,690,1625,1651]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,1000,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[189,1399,980,1924]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 22. Abdomen of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A‒B. Lateral view. A. ♂. B. ♀. Note that the female abdomen has a straighter surface than that of the male, which is concave (red arrow shows this concavity). C. Pygidium and prepygidium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666891/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 22C</figureCitation>
); prepygidium grooved at centre, surface lacking umbilicate punctation (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FE98DB2614EBF911" box="[329,432,1660,1687]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,1000,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[189,1399,980,1924]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 22. Abdomen of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A‒B. Lateral view. A. ♂. B. ♀. Note that the female abdomen has a straighter surface than that of the male, which is concave (red arrow shows this concavity). C. Pygidium and prepygidium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666891/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 22C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C55FFD1FF6CDBE414A5FECF" blockId="10.[189,1399,1726,1999]" lastBlockId="11.[189,1398,267,329]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
TERMINALIA. 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C55FFD0FE84DBE4149CF95E" box="[341,455,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aedeagus</emphasis>
: Parameres largely asymmetrical, right paramere with clear apical projection (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FF17DBBB1443F97D" box="[198,280,1761,1787]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[245,1346,268,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[205,1383,254,1844]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 23. Genital capsule. A‒D. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Dorsal view. B‒C. Lateral view from slightly different angles (red arrow shows the ventral surface and its keel). D. Ventral view. E‒H. S. punctatus. (Balthasar, 1938). E. Dorsal view. F‒G. Lateral view from slightly different angles (red arrow indicates ventral surface). H. Ventral view. Observe the differences in the shape of the parameres, in particular how the apical hook is much more prominent in S. punctatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666893/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
A–H); in dorsal view, with lateral edges straight or curved; in lateral view, ventral region straight or inclined towards apex, with either well-delimited or tenuous pair of ventral keels. Internal sac with only three sclerites: axial, subaxial and superior right peripheral sclerites (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FBC5DA7D1137F8C4" box="[1044,1132,1831,1858]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[189,232,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[195,1398,631,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[183,1408,614,1799]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 24. Internal sac of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A‒C. Different views of the undissected internal sac and sclerites in resting position. D. Superior right peripheral sclerite. Arrow indicates a triangular area of a more sclerotized tegument that is probably homologous to a similar triangular area on the SRP of S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E‒F. Apical and subapical sclerites. E. Resting position. F. Sclerites after separation. Abbreviations: A = axial sclerite; Rp = raspule; SA = subaxial sclerite; SRP = superior right peripheral sclerite; T = temones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666895/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 24</figureCitation>
A–F, 25A–E); superior right peripheral sclerite with well-delimited superior ring and broad, long inferior lobe (ʻcableʼ) with triangular area more sclerotized near edge (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FD14DA34166FF80E" box="[709,820,1902,1928]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[189,232,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[195,1398,631,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[183,1408,614,1799]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 24. Internal sac of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A‒C. Different views of the undissected internal sac and sclerites in resting position. D. Superior right peripheral sclerite. Arrow indicates a triangular area of a more sclerotized tegument that is probably homologous to a similar triangular area on the SRP of S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E‒F. Apical and subapical sclerites. E. Resting position. F. Sclerites after separation. Abbreviations: A = axial sclerite; Rp = raspule; SA = subaxial sclerite; SRP = superior right peripheral sclerite; T = temones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666895/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 24E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FC93DA34162DF80F" box="[834,886,1902,1929]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[191,1399,616,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[189,1399,616,1852]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 25. Internal sac of Streblopus punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). A‒B. General aspect before dissection. C. Raspule. D. Apical and subapical sclerites. E. Superior right peripheral sclerite. Arrow indicates a triangular area of a more sclerotized tegument that is probably homologous to a similar triangular area on the SRP of S. opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Abbreviations: A = axial sclerite; Rp = raspule; SA = subaxial sclerite; SRP = superior right peripheral sclerite; T = temones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666897/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">25E</figureCitation>
); axial and subapical sclerites only loosely connected, easily separable. With well-developed raspule covered by tiny scales (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C55FFD0FBB3DACB11E2F82D" box="[1122,1209,1937,1963]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[189,232,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[195,1398,631,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[183,1408,614,1799]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 24. Internal sac of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A‒C. Different views of the undissected internal sac and sclerites in resting position. D. Superior right peripheral sclerite. Arrow indicates a triangular area of a more sclerotized tegument that is probably homologous to a similar triangular area on the SRP of S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E‒F. Apical and subapical sclerites. E. Resting position. F. Sclerites after separation. Abbreviations: A = axial sclerite; Rp = raspule; SA = subaxial sclerite; SRP = superior right peripheral sclerite; T = temones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666895/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 24</figureCitation>
A–C, 25A–C). – 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C55FFD0FF6CDAEE14D2F848" box="[189,393,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Genital segment</emphasis>
: With well-developed medial sclerotized plate and lateral sclerotized plates (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C54FFD1FF17DC511447FEA0" box="[198,284,267,294]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[216,1434,1160,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[176,1443,1144,1780]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 26. Genital segment. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Note that the medial sclerotized plate is larger and more sclerotized in S. punctatus than in S. opatroides; other differences refer to their lateral arches (indicated by blue arrows), which are concave in S. opatroides and more or less straight in S. punctatus, and the posterior arms of the MSP (indicated by red arrows), which are well developed and separated by a deep ʻU-shapeʼ in S. punctatus and only slightly indicated in S. opatroides. Abbreviations: LSP = lateral sclerotized plate; MSP = medial sclerotized plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666899/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
A–B). – 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C54FFD1FE51DC511742FEA3" box="[384,537,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spermatheca</emphasis>
: C-shaped, both externally and internally smooth, with or without pair of apical hooks (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C54FFD1FEB1DC7414EEFECF" box="[352,437,302,329]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[198,1394,500,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[183,1404,455,1889]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 27. Female genitalia. A‒C. Spermatheca. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B‒C. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938) (slightly different views). Observe that the spermatheca of the latter species is more slender and has a unique pair of apical hooks (red arrow). D. General view of the entire female genitalia of S. punctatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666901/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
A–C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C54FFD6FF6CDC2A1465FCFA" blockId="11.[189,1399,368,500]" lastBlockId="12.[189,1399,267,892]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM. 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C54FFD1FE7DDC2A14B3FE0C" box="[428,488,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Male</emphasis>
: Metaventrite strongly excavated posteriorly; concavity marked anteriorly by strong spur (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C54FFD1FE9BDCC91497FE28" box="[330,460,403,430]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,904,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1398,884,1868]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 13. Venter. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Hypomeron. B. Mesoventrite and anterior region of metaventrite. C‒F. Metaventrite and abdomen. C‒D. S. opatroides. C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E. ♂. F. ♀. Note in particular the distinction between the species and sexes in the shape of the concavity of the posterior region of the metaventrite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666873/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 13C, E</figureCitation>
). Profemora robust, strongly enlarged at centre (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C54FFD1FC20DCC9112DFE2B" box="[1009,1142,403,429]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[192,1401,1014,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[161,1432,996,1924]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 14. Profemora. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note the differences between the species and sexes in relation to the overall shape of the profemora and the presence of spurs on the anterior edge in males." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666875/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig.14A,C</figureCitation>
); with anterior margin raised at centre into one or two strong spurs (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C54FFD1FD35DCEC162FFE57" box="[740,884,438,465]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[192,1401,1014,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[161,1432,996,1924]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 14. Profemora. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note the differences between the species and sexes in relation to the overall shape of the profemora and the presence of spurs on the anterior edge in males." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666875/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 14A, C</figureCitation>
); trochantofemoral articulation with raised edge forming a short spine or not. Protibiae robust, curved inwards and downwards, with ventral carina interrupted by a longitudinal row of strong teeth; when fully closed, protibiae completely cover anterior edge of profemora; protibial spur present or not (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FCDCDC7416B6FECF" box="[781,1005,302,329]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,577,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[183,1403,571,1851]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 15. Protibiae. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒H. Ventral view. E‒F. S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. G‒H. S. punctatus. G. ♂. H. ♀. Notice the many differences between the species and sexes, in particular the presence of a protibial spur in males of S. punctatus (and its absence in S. opatroides) and the different shapes of the spurs and of the lateral teeth in females of the two species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666877/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 15A, C, E, G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FC2ADC741177FECE" box="[1019,1068,302,328]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[222,1356,270,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[197,1407,244,1923]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 16. Protibiae. A‒B. Lateral view. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Note the how the protibia of S. opatroides is much more curved than that of S. punctatus. C. Frontal view of the protibia of S. punctatus. Note the presence of a protibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666879/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">16C</figureCitation>
); apical region of protibiae truncate and expanded inwards into long spur, with two transverse rows of setae (one covering anterior edge of apical lateral teeth, the other covering long spur) (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FCBCDC2F168EFE09" box="[877,981,373,399]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[222,1356,270,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[197,1407,244,1923]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 16. Protibiae. A‒B. Lateral view. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Note the how the protibia of S. opatroides is much more curved than that of S. punctatus. C. Frontal view of the protibia of S. punctatus. Note the presence of a protibial spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666879/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
). Mesotibiae with internal angle of apical edge strongly projecting (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FDEDDCC21790FE34" box="[572,715,408,434]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1873,1899]" captionTargetBox="[414,1176,268,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[370,1217,262,1848]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 18. Mesotibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Observe that females of S. opatroides differ from those of S. punctatus by having a deep emargination at the apical edge of the mesotibiae (red arrow shows emargination)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666883/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 18A, C</figureCitation>
). Metatrochanter with wide brush of long setae, covering almost entire posterior edge (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FDF3DCE117EEFE50" box="[546,693,443,470]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1759,1785]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,591,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1398,566,1745]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 19. Posterior legs. A. Metacoxa of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Arrow shows the lateral spur present in both sexes of both species. Note also that the spur covers the epipleura and possibly maintains the elytra pressed against the body, thus avoiding loss of water or the entry of sediment beneath the elytra in a similar way to that hypothesized for the metanepisternal tab of the Phanaeini and other tunneller groups (Edmonds 1972; Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2016). B‒E. Metafemora and metatrochanters. B‒C. S. opatroides. B. ♂. C. ♀. D‒E. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). D. ♂. E. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666885/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 19B, D</figureCitation>
). Metatibiae with apical edge strongly projecting inwards (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FF14DC84146EFE7F" box="[197,309,478,505]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1759,1785]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,591,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1398,566,1745]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 19. Posterior legs. A. Metacoxa of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Arrow shows the lateral spur present in both sexes of both species. Note also that the spur covers the epipleura and possibly maintains the elytra pressed against the body, thus avoiding loss of water or the entry of sediment beneath the elytra in a similar way to that hypothesized for the metanepisternal tab of the Phanaeini and other tunneller groups (Edmonds 1972; Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2016). B‒E. Metafemora and metatrochanters. B‒C. S. opatroides. B. ♂. C. ♀. D‒E. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). D. ♂. E. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666885/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 19E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FE94DC8514C1FE7F" box="[325,410,479,505]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[189,232,1885,1911]" captionTargetBox="[193,1401,417,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[176,1414,404,1875]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 20. Posterior legs. A‒D. Metatibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species. E‒F. Metatarsi and apex of metatibia of S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. Observe how much shorter the male metatibial spur is in comparison to that of the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666887/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">20C, E</figureCitation>
); metatibial spur very short, rudimentary, much shorter than basal metatarsomere (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FF17DF58146BFD9A" box="[198,304,514,540]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[189,232,1885,1911]" captionTargetBox="[193,1401,417,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[176,1414,404,1875]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 20. Posterior legs. A‒D. Metatibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species. E‒F. Metatarsi and apex of metatibia of S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. Observe how much shorter the male metatibial spur is in comparison to that of the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666887/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 20E</figureCitation>
). Abdomen, in lateral view, contracted, concave (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FC43DF5816A4FD9A" box="[914,1023,514,540]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,1000,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[189,1399,980,1924]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 22. Abdomen of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A‒B. Lateral view. A. ♂. B. ♀. Note that the female abdomen has a straighter surface than that of the male, which is concave (red arrow shows this concavity). C. Pygidium and prepygidium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666891/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
). – 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FBE7DF5811D5FD9A" box="[1078,1166,514,540]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Female</emphasis>
: Metaventrite only shallowly excavated posteriorly, without indentation marking anterior margin of concavity (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FB30DF7F103EFDB9" box="[1249,1381,549,575]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,904,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1398,884,1868]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 13. Venter. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Hypomeron. B. Mesoventrite and anterior region of metaventrite. C‒F. Metaventrite and abdomen. C‒D. S. opatroides. C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E. ♂. F. ♀. Note in particular the distinction between the species and sexes in the shape of the concavity of the posterior region of the metaventrite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666873/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 13D, F</figureCitation>
). Profemora more linear, anterior margin simple, not raised (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FCA6DF12115EFDE5" box="[887,1029,584,611]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[192,1401,1014,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[161,1432,996,1924]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 14. Profemora. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note the differences between the species and sexes in relation to the overall shape of the profemora and the presence of spurs on the anterior edge in males." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666875/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 14B, D</figureCitation>
); trochantofemoral articulation not developed into spur. Protibiae gracile, only slightly bent inward, not bent downwards (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FAD4DF311443FD2F" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,577,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[183,1403,571,1851]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 15. Protibiae. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒H. Ventral view. E‒F. S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. G‒H. S. punctatus. G. ♂. H. ♀. Notice the many differences between the species and sexes, in particular the presence of a protibial spur in males of S. punctatus (and its absence in S. opatroides) and the different shapes of the spurs and of the lateral teeth in females of the two species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666877/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 15B, D, F, H</figureCitation>
); internal angle of apex projected into short spur (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FC51DFD4110CFD2F" box="[896,1111,654,681]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,577,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[183,1403,571,1851]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 15. Protibiae. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒H. Ventral view. E‒F. S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. G‒H. S. punctatus. G. ♂. H. ♀. Notice the many differences between the species and sexes, in particular the presence of a protibial spur in males of S. punctatus (and its absence in S. opatroides) and the different shapes of the spurs and of the lateral teeth in females of the two species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666877/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 15B, D, F, H</figureCitation>
); ventral carina simple, not interrupted by row of teeth; at apex, ventral carina marked by tuft of long setae. Mesotibiae with apical expansion, a result of a slight expansion of both internal and external edges, not only internal one (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FF17DFA2140AFC95" box="[198,337,760,787]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1873,1899]" captionTargetBox="[414,1176,268,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[370,1217,262,1848]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 18. Mesotibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Observe that females of S. opatroides differ from those of S. punctatus by having a deep emargination at the apical edge of the mesotibiae (red arrow shows emargination)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666883/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 18B, D</figureCitation>
). Metatrochanter with thin brush of long setae on posterior edge (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FB89DFA211BAFC95" box="[1112,1249,760,787]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1759,1785]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,591,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1398,566,1745]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 19. Posterior legs. A. Metacoxa of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Arrow shows the lateral spur present in both sexes of both species. Note also that the spur covers the epipleura and possibly maintains the elytra pressed against the body, thus avoiding loss of water or the entry of sediment beneath the elytra in a similar way to that hypothesized for the metanepisternal tab of the Phanaeini and other tunneller groups (Edmonds 1972; Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2016). B‒E. Metafemora and metatrochanters. B‒C. S. opatroides. B. ♂. C. ♀. D‒E. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). D. ♂. E. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666885/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 19C, E</figureCitation>
). Metatibiae with apex not expanded inwards, but with sharp spine at internal angle (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FBCEDE4111F1FCB0" box="[1055,1194,795,822]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[189,232,1885,1911]" captionTargetBox="[193,1401,417,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[176,1414,404,1875]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 20. Posterior legs. A‒D. Metatibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species. E‒F. Metatarsi and apex of metatibia of S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. Observe how much shorter the male metatibial spur is in comparison to that of the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666887/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 20D, F</figureCitation>
); metatibial spur well developed, very long, longer than basal metatarsomere (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FC44DE6416A0FCDF" box="[917,1019,830,857]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[189,232,1885,1911]" captionTargetBox="[193,1401,417,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[176,1414,404,1875]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 20. Posterior legs. A‒D. Metatibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species. E‒F. Metatarsi and apex of metatibia of S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. Observe how much shorter the male metatibial spur is in comparison to that of the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666887/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 20F</figureCitation>
). Abdomen, in lateral view, flat (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FF17DE381475FCFA" box="[198,302,866,892]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,1000,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[189,1399,980,1924]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 22. Abdomen of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A‒B. Lateral view. A. ♂. B. ♀. Note that the female abdomen has a straighter surface than that of the male, which is concave (red arrow shows this concavity). C. Pygidium and prepygidium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666891/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 22B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="0A8716A36C54FFD1FF6CDA3C1683F86C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666851" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3666851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666851/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[189,232,1894,1920]" targetBox="[174,1408,542,1882]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C54FFD1FF6CDA3C1683F86C" blockId="11.[189,1399,1894,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C54FFD1FF6CDA3C1456F806" bold="true" box="[189,269,1894,1920]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
Geographical variation in 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C54FFD1FD9EDA3C110CF807" authority="van Lansberge, 1874" authorityName="Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[591,1111,1894,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opatroides">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C54FFD1FD9EDA3C160AF806" box="[591,849,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Streblopus opatroides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C54FFD1FC8ADA3D110CF807" accessDate="2020-01-07" author="Van Lansberge J. W." box="[859,1111,1894,1921]" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterologische Hefte" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="4 - 12" part="12" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25118460" refId="ref51459" refString="Van Lansberge J. W. 1874 a. Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages. Coleopterologische Hefte 12: 4 - 12. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25118460 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." title="Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages" type="journal article" year="1874">van Lansberge, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Individuals from a few localities in southeast Bahia (Maraú and Uruçuca) have a different ventral colouration from individuals belonging to other populations, being much darker and not showing the typical red metallic colouration seen in specimens from other localities in Bahia and Espírito Santo.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="16E215A06C53FFD6FF6CDEF9111EFB39" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C53FFD6FF6CDEF9140DFC3B" blockId="12.[189,342,931,957]" box="[189,342,931,957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="050FF1476C53FFD6FF6CDEF9140DFC3B" bold="true" box="[189,342,931,957]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FF6CDEF9140DFC3B" bold="true" box="[189,342,931,957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C53FFD6FF6CDE88111EFB39" blockId="12.[189,1399,978,1215]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
As discussed in detail below, the distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C53FFD6FCFCDE8816F2FC6A" box="[813,937,978,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FCFCDE8816F2FC6A" box="[813,937,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clearly relict. While one species, 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C53FFD6FF6CDEAF1417FB89" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1938" box="[189,332,1013,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FF6CDEAF1417FB89" box="[189,332,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is known from some few sub-Andean localities in eastern Amazonia in 
<collectingCountry id="26EF06BB6C53FFD6FB71DEAF118DFB89" box="[1184,1238,1013,1039]" name="Peru" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Peru</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="26EF06BB6C53FFD6FADEDEAF1028FB89" box="[1295,1395,1013,1039]" name="Ecuador" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, the other, 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C53FFD6FEE0D9431491FBB4" authorityName="Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[305,458,1048,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opatroides">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FEE0D9431491FBB4" box="[305,458,1048,1075]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. opatroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is known from a larger number of places, but which cover a more limited range in the Atlantic Forest along the Brazilian states of Bahia and Espírito Santo. The genus, therefore, is present in – and limited to – the two major tropical forest ecosystems of South America east of the Andes, and its two species are separated by more than 
<quantity id="9900EBCE6C53FFD6FCE7D9D816C7FB1A" box="[822,924,1154,1180]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="2000.0">2000 km</quantity>
of open and drier landscapes composing the Cerrado, in the central area of the South American Dry Diagonal (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C53FFD6FC3ED9FF116CFB39" box="[1007,1079,1189,1215]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[188,231,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[189,1394,566,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[167,1412,544,1842]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 4. Distribution of Streblopus van Lansberge, 1874. Note how the two species are widely separated by the vast South American Dry Diagonal stretching between Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest. During several different times over the Neogene, forest corridors connected the two biomes and the populations of Streblopus could move from one to the other. When the forest retreated, the distribution of the genus became relict." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666855/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16E215A06C53FFD6FF6CD9BD167AF9EA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C53FFD6FF6CD9BD147BFA87" blockId="12.[189,288,1255,1281]" box="[189,288,1255,1281]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="050FF1476C53FFD6FF6CD9BD147BFA87" bold="true" box="[189,288,1255,1281]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FF6CD9BD147BFA87" bold="true" box="[189,288,1255,1281]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C53FFD6FF6CD84F167AF9EA" blockId="12.[189,1399,1301,1644]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Almost nothing is known about the biology of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C53FFD6FD0BD84F160DFAA9" box="[730,854,1301,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FD0BD84F160DFAA9" box="[730,854,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The specimens gathered over the past years at CEMT and CMNC were mostly collected using pitfall traps baited with human faeces; no specimens are known to have been collected using other 
<typeStatus id="8143F8896C53FFD6FD7CD80617B0FAF0" box="[685,747,1372,1398]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">types</typeStatus>
of bait (except literature records for pig dung) or traps. Judging from its morphology, especially the shape of its metatibiae, which are slender and long in both species, we assume the genus should be a roller (something 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C53FFD6FCA3D8F811B1FA3A" author="Halffter &amp; Martinez" box="[882,1258,1441,1468]" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="89 - 177" refId="ref44452" refString="Halffter G. &amp; Martinez A. 1966. Revision monografica de los Canthonina americanos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) (Iª Parte). Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural 27: 89 - 177." type="journal article" year="1966">Halffter &amp; Martínez (1966: 157)</bibRefCitation>
had already hypothesized) and possibly belongs to the functional Pattern IV of Halffter &amp; Edmonds’ classification of dung beetle nesting behaviour (
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C53FFD6FD9BD8B216D9F984" author="Halffter &amp; Edmonds" box="[586,898,1512,1538]" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref44418" refString="Halffter G. &amp; Edmonds W. D. 1982. The Nesting Behavior of Dung Beetles (Scarabaeinae). An Ecological and Evolutive Approach. Instituto de Ecologia, Mexico DF." type="book" year="1982">Halffter &amp; Edmonds 1982</bibRefCitation>
). Also based on the morphology, the genus is almost certainly nocturnal, as indicated by the large size of the dorsal surface of its eyes (
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C53FFD6FB3FDB5115A0F9CF" author="Raine" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Raine" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="8686 - 8696" refId="ref49213" refString="Raine E. H., Gray C. L., Mann D. J. &amp; Slade E. M. 2019. Tropical dung beetle morphological traits predict functional traits and show intraspecific differences across land uses. Ecology and Evolution 8 (17): 8686 - 8696. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.4218" type="journal article" year="2019">
Raine 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FAEDDB56102CF9A3" box="[1340,1399,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C53FFD6FED7DB75148BF9CF" author="Tocco" box="[262,464,1582,1609]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tocco" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="211 - 221" refId="ref51086" refString="Tocco C., Dacke M. &amp; Byrne M. 2019. Eye and wing structure closely reflects the visual ecology of dung beetles. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 205 (2): 211 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00359 - 019 - 01324 - 6" type="journal article" year="2019">
Tocco 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FE85DB7514D5F9CE" box="[340,398,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
) and the dark dorsal colouration, without any or with only few traces of metallic sheen (
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C53FFD6FEDEDB08148EF9EA" author="Hernandez" box="[271,469,1618,1644]" firstAuthor="Hernandez" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="597 - 600" refId="ref44793" refString="Hernandez M. I. M. 2002. The night and day of dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) in the Serra do Japi, Brazil: elytra colour related to daily activity. Revista brasileira de Entomologia 46 (4): 597 - 600." type="journal article" year="2002">Hernández 2002</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C53FFD6FE30DB08164EF9EA" author="Feer &amp; Pincebourde" box="[481,789,1617,1644]" firstAuthor="Feer" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="21 - 30" refId="ref43345" refString="Feer F. &amp; Pincebourde S. 2005. Diel flight activity and ecological segregation within an assemblage of tropical forest dung and carrion beetles. Journal of Tropical Ecology 21 (1): 21 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0266467404002056" type="journal article" year="2005">Feer &amp; Pincebourde 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16E215A06C53FFCAFF6CDBC91031FB29" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C53FFD6FF6CDBC91474F92B" blockId="12.[189,303,1683,1709]" box="[189,303,1683,1709]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="050FF1476C53FFD6FF6CDBC91474F92B" bold="true" box="[189,303,1683,1709]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FF6CDBC91474F92B" bold="true" box="[189,303,1683,1709]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C53FFD4FF6CDB98174FFECF" blockId="12.[189,1399,1730,2003]" lastBlockId="14.[189,1398,267,329]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
As discussed in the Introduction, the first name by which the genus was referred to in the literature was 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C53FFD6FF27DBBF14DBF979" box="[246,384,1765,1791]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FF27DBBF14DBF979" box="[246,384,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C53FFD6FE65DBBF1738F886" author="Harold" box="[436,611,1765,1792]" firstAuthor="Harold" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref44664" refString="Harold E. 1868. Monographie der Gattung Canthon. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift 12: 1 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18680120104" type="journal article" year="1868">Harold (1868)</bibRefCitation>
. Although it was only six years later that 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C53FFD6FBBBDBBF102DF979" accessDate="2020-01-07" author="Van Lansberge J. W." box="[1130,1398,1765,1791]" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterologische Hefte" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="4 - 12" part="12" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25118460" refId="ref51459" refString="Van Lansberge J. W. 1874 a. Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages. Coleopterologische Hefte 12: 4 - 12. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25118460 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." title="Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages" type="journal article" year="1874">Van Lansberge (1874)</bibRefCitation>
established the name 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C53FFD6FE10DA521766F8A4" box="[449,573,1800,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FE10DA521766F8A4" box="[449,573,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, almost all authors except 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C53FFD6FC57DA521144F8A5" author="Kolbe" box="[902,1055,1800,1827]" firstAuthor="Kolbe" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="475 - 594" refId="ref45721" refString="Kolbe H. J. 1905. Uber die Lebensweise und die geographische Verbreitung der coprophagen Lamellicornier. Zoologischen Jahrbucher, Supplement 8: 475 - 594." type="journal article" year="1905">Kolbe (1905</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C53FFD6FBFFDA521131F8A4" author="Kolbe" box="[1070,1130,1800,1826]" firstAuthor="Kolbe" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref45749" refString="Kolbe H. [J.] 1907. Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise. Coleopteren. L. Friederichsen &amp; Co., Hamburg." type="book" year="1907">1907</bibRefCitation>
) have been using Van Lansberge’s name instead of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C53FFD6FDDFDA7117C2F8C3" box="[526,665,1835,1861]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FDDFDA7117C2F8C3" box="[526,665,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mostly treating the latter as either a 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FB95DA7611B3F8C3" box="[1092,1256,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">nomen nudum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C53FFD6FB27DA71140DF8EE" author="Vulcano &amp; Pereira" firstAuthor="Vulcano" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="570 - 685" refId="ref52362" refString="Vulcano M. A. &amp; Pereira F. S. 1964. Catalogue of the Canthonini (Col. Scarab.) inhabiting the Western Hemisphere. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 15 (2): 570 - 685. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 45986646 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1964">Vulcano &amp; Pereira 1964</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C53FFD6FEB3DA1417C9F8EF" author="Halffter &amp; Martinez" box="[354,658,1870,1897]" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="89 - 177" refId="ref44452" refString="Halffter G. &amp; Martinez A. 1966. Revision monografica de los Canthonina americanos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) (Iª Parte). Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural 27: 89 - 177." type="journal article" year="1966">Halffter &amp; Martínez 1966</bibRefCitation>
) or an available preoccupied name (
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C53FFD6FBEFDA141031F8EF" author="Pereira &amp; Martinez" box="[1086,1386,1870,1897]" firstAuthor="Pereira" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="91 - 192" refId="ref48695" refString="Pereira F. S. &amp; Martinez A. 1956. Os generos de Canthonini americanos (Col. Scarabaeidae). Revista brasileira de Entomologia 6: 91 - 192." type="journal article" year="1956">Pereira &amp; Martínez 1956</bibRefCitation>
). However, since 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C53FFD6FEAADA281778F80B" author="Harold" box="[379,547,1906,1933]" firstAuthor="Harold" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref44664" refString="Harold E. 1868. Monographie der Gattung Canthon. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift 12: 1 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18680120104" type="journal article" year="1868">Harold (1868)</bibRefCitation>
did not intend to establish a new nominal genus nor included a nominal species in it, one is led to ask whether 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C53FFD6FD5BDACF164EF829" box="[650,789,1941,1967]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FD5BDACF164EF829" box="[650,789,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is available or not and, if so, whether it is indeed a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C53FFD6FE81DAE21497F854" box="[336,460,1976,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FE81DAE21497F854" box="[336,460,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. If both questions have a positive answer, then the validity of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C53FFD6FB78DAE2107EF854" box="[1193,1317,1976,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C53FFD6FB78DAE2107EF854" box="[1193,1317,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would be threatened in favour of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FE27DC5117DAFEA3" box="[502,641,267,293]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FE27DC5117DAFEA3" box="[502,641,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, something that would disturb a nomenclatural stability that has reigned for almost 150 years.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0A8716A36C52FFD7FF6CDAF61646F86F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666853" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3666853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666853/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[189,232,1964,1990]" targetBox="[216,1354,306,1911]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C52FFD7FF6CDAF61646F86F" blockId="13.[189,1399,1964,2025]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C52FFD7FF6CDAF61450F840" bold="true" box="[189,267,1964,1990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C52FFD7FEC5DAF617B9F840" authority="(Balthasar, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[276,738,1964,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C52FFD7FEC5DAF61750F840" box="[276,523,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Streblopus punctatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C52FFD7FDCADAF61782F840" author="Balthasar" box="[539,729,1964,1990]" firstAuthor="Balthasar" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="210 - 223" refId="ref41072" refString="Balthasar V. 1938. Neue Gattungen und Arten der sudamerikanischen Coprophagen. (4. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Scarabaeiden der neotropischen Region). Entomologische Blatter 34 (4): 210 - 223." type="journal article" year="1938">Balthasar, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C52FFD7FD3CDAF6167FF840" bold="true" box="[749,804,1964,1990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A‒B</emphasis>
. Holotype, ♀. 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C52FFD7FC04DAF616B1F840" bold="true" box="[981,1002,1964,1990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A</emphasis>
. Dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C52FFD7FB46DAF611F0F840" bold="true" box="[1175,1195,1964,1990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B</emphasis>
. Attached labels. 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C52FFD7FF6CDA9515ADF86F" bold="true" box="[189,246,1999,2025]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C‒D</emphasis>
. Ordinary specimens, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C52FFD7FD45DA9517F2F86F" bold="true" box="[660,681,1999,2025]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
. ♂. 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C52FFD7FD0DDA9517AAF86F" bold="true" box="[732,753,1999,2025]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D</emphasis>
. ♀.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C51FFD4FF6CDC2A11D4FD91" blockId="14.[189,1399,368,535]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
As for the availability of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FE0EDC2A1613FE0C" authority=", Harold (1868: 10)" authorityName=", Harold" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1868" box="[479,840,368,395]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FE0EDC2A1731FE0C" box="[479,618,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colonychus</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FDA6DC2A1613FE0C" author="Harold" box="[631,840,368,394]" firstAuthor="Harold" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref44664" refString="Harold E. 1868. Monographie der Gattung Canthon. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift 12: 1 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18680120104" type="journal article" year="1868">Harold (1868: 10)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
cited the name in his discussion on the affinities of some Old World genera of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FDE0DCC91797FE2B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[561,716,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scarabaeinae">Scarabaeinae</taxonomicName>
with the New World genus 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FBFADCC911CBFE2B" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[1067,1168,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FBFADCC911CBFE2B" box="[1067,1168,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Canthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the group he was revising in that paper. There, Harold mentioned that a specimen bearing Klug’s then-unpublished name 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FF6CDC801413FE72" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[189,328,474,500]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FF6CDC801413FE72" box="[189,328,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the 
<collectingRegion id="9C3C88C96C51FFD4FE4DDC8314BEFE75" box="[412,485,473,499]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Berlin</collectingRegion>
museum could be a link between the African “Epirhinen” and 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FB06DC801067FE72" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[1239,1340,474,500]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FB06DC801067FE72" box="[1239,1340,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Canthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and discussed the characteristics that differentiate the two genera, stating the following:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C51FFD4FF6CDF6416E2FCC9" blockId="14.[189,1399,574,847]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
“In between these [‘Epirhinen’] and 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FD5EDF6417AFFDDE" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[655,756,574,600]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FD5EDF6417AFFDDE" box="[655,756,574,600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Canthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there may be, however, placed a yet undescribed genus, which was indicated as 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FDFFDF3B17E2FDFD" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[558,697,609,635]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FDFFDF3B17E2FDFD" box="[558,697,609,635]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Klug at the 
<collectingRegion id="9C3C88C96C51FFD4FCA4DF3B16E5FDFD" box="[885,958,609,635]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Berlin</collectingRegion>
museum, and which is characterized by absent protarsi, elytra surpassing the abdomen, very slightly laterally compressed metatarsi and angularly inwards-dilated apices of the tibiae”; in the original German: “ 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FBC2DFF2118FFD44" box="[1043,1236,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Zwischen diesen</emphasis>
[‘Epirhinen’] 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FF6CDF9115B2FD63" box="[189,233,715,741]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">und</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FF25DF91140CFD63" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[244,343,715,741]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Canthon</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FEB2DF911184FD63" box="[355,1247,715,741]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">dürfte aber eine noch unbeschriebene, im Berliner Museum von Klug als</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FB3BDF91102DFD63" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[1258,1398,715,741]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Colonychus</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FF6CDFB41791FCC8" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">verzeichnete brasilianische Gattung sich einreihen, die durch fehlende Vordertarsen, den Hinterleib überragende Flügeldecken, seitlich nur sehr wenig flachgedrückte Hinterfüsse und am Ende nach innen hackig erweiterte Schienen ausgezeichnet ist</emphasis>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FD37DE6F16F7FCC9" author="Harold" box="[742,940,820,847]" firstAuthor="Harold" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref44664" refString="Harold E. 1868. Monographie der Gattung Canthon. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift 12: 1 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18680120104" type="journal article" year="1868">Harold 1868: 10</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C51FFD4FF6CDE2C1758FA95" blockId="14.[189,1399,886,1299]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Therefore, although Harold clearly did not intend to formally describe the new genus 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FB75DE2C1074FC16" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[1188,1327,886,912]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FB75DE2C1074FC16" box="[1188,1327,886,912]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(even attributing its authorship to the German entomologist Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug (
<date id="2A4660EB6C51FFD4FB36DEC31035FC32" box="[1255,1390,921,948]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1775" valueMax="1856">1775–1856</date>
) and not citing the genus in his catalogue of the world 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FCFDDEE6169CFC50" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[812,967,956,982]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scarabaeinae">Scarabaeinae</taxonomicName>
the following year, 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FB61DEE6101DFC51" author="Harold" box="[1200,1350,956,983]" firstAuthor="Harold" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref44695" refString="Harold E. 1869. Catalogus Coleopterorum. Hucusque Descriptorum, Synonymicus et Systematicus. Vol. IV. Scarabaeidae: 979 - 1346. E. H. Gummi, Munich. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 9641549 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." type="url" year="1869">Harold 1869</bibRefCitation>
), he expressly presented characters that both describe the genus and differentiate it from related groups. In doing so, 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FEFED959148CFB98" author="Harold" box="[303,471,1027,1054]" firstAuthor="Harold" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref44664" refString="Harold E. 1868. Monographie der Gattung Canthon. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift 12: 1 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18680120104" type="journal article" year="1868">Harold (1868)</bibRefCitation>
complied with all the availability criteria established by the Articles 10, 11 and 12 of the ICZN Code and, therefore, made 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FD7FD97C1662FBC6" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[686,825,1062,1088]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FD7FD97C1662FBC6" box="[686,825,1062,1088]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
an available name (
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FBCFD97C11F1FBC6" author="ICZN" box="[1054,1194,1062,1088]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref45388" refString="ICZN [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London. Available from http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / hosted-sites / iczn / code / [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." type="url" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
). It is particularly important to stress here that the fact that Harold did not assign any nominal species to 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FB3DD913102CFBE5" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[1260,1399,1097,1123]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FB3DD913102CFBE5" box="[1260,1399,1097,1123]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not interfere with our conclusion, since neither the inclusion of a nominal species nor the fixation of a 
<typeStatus id="8143F8896C51FFD4FF24D9CA1473FB2C" box="[245,296,1168,1194]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
species are necessary conditions for a nominal genus published before 1931 to be available under the provisions of the current Code. The fact that Article 69.3 recognizes the possibility of a genus being established without any included species and introduces the concept of “subsequent monotypy” confirms this interpretation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C51FFD4FF6CD861160AF914" blockId="14.[189,1399,1339,1682]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
But while certainly available, is 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FD85D8611784FAD3" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[596,735,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FD85D8611784FAD3" box="[596,735,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FC72D8611144FAD3" box="[931,1055,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FC72D8611144FAD3" box="[931,1055,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as sustained by all authors who have cited the former name since the 19 
<superScript id="A98DEB636C51FFD4FD09D80617BEFAEC" attach="left" box="[728,741,1372,1386]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">th</superScript>
century? Since no 
<typeStatus id="8143F8896C51FFD4FC1DD80416A4FAFE" box="[972,1023,1374,1400]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
species has ever been fixed for 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FF6CD8DB1413FA1D" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[189,328,1409,1435]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FF6CD8DB1413FA1D" box="[189,328,1409,1435]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is impossible to answer this question objectively, but several facts indicate that this is indeed the case. Firstly, although rather schematic, Harold’s description of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FB9FD8FE1182FA38" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[1102,1241,1444,1470]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FB9FD8FE1182FA38" box="[1102,1241,1444,1470]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is consistent with the morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FE0CD89D1702FA67" box="[477,601,1479,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FE0CD89D1702FA67" box="[477,601,1479,1505]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as is the geographical origin cited (
<collectingCountry id="26EF06BB6C51FFD4FBD8D89D110CFA64" box="[1033,1111,1479,1506]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Brazil</collectingCountry>
). More importantly, 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FA98D89214C2F983" author="Van Lansberge" firstAuthor="Van Lansberge" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="4 - 12" refId="ref51459" refString="Van Lansberge J. W. 1874 a. Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages. Coleopterologische Hefte 12: 4 - 12. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25118460 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1874" yearSuffix="a">Van Lansberge (1874a)</bibRefCitation>
himself recognized the possibility of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FC89D8B116B8F983" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[856,995,1515,1541]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FC89D8B116B8F983" box="[856,995,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FB0AD8B1100CF983" box="[1243,1367,1515,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FB0AD8B1100CF983" box="[1243,1367,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the original publication of the latter name (he cited “ 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FCE3DB54115BF9AE" authority="Klug" authorityName="Klug" box="[818,1024,1550,1576]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FCE3DB5416E6F9AE" box="[818,957,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colonychus</emphasis>
Klug
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FBD8DB55110BF9AE" box="[1033,1104,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">in litt.</emphasis>
” followed by a question mark after the description of his new genus), and this synonymy has been accepted by all authors ever since (
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FED9DB0E14CAF9E8" author="Gillet" box="[264,401,1620,1646]" firstAuthor="Gillet" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref43876" refString="Gillet J. J. E. 1911. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 38: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. W. Junk, Berlin." type="book" year="1911">Gillet 1911</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FE4CDB0F1772F9E8" author="Lucas" box="[413,553,1620,1647]" firstAuthor="Lucas" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref46196" refString="Lucas R. 1920. Catalogus Alphabeticus Generum et Subgenerum Coleopterorum Orbis Terrarum Totius (Famil., Trib., Subtr., Sect. incl.). Pars I. Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin." type="book" year="1920">Lucas 1920</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FDE4DB0E1789F9E8" author="Paulian" box="[565,722,1620,1646]" firstAuthor="Paulian" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref48563" refString="Paulian R. 1939. Contribution a l'etude des canthonides americains [Coleopt. Lamellic.] (suite et fin). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 108: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1939">Paulian 1939</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FD0FDB0E16E3F9E8" author="Blackwelder" box="[734,952,1620,1646]" firstAuthor="Blackwelder" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref41524" refString="Blackwelder R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, West Indies and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185: 189 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185.2" type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FC15DB0E11B0F9E9" author="Pereira &amp; Martinez" box="[964,1259,1620,1647]" firstAuthor="Pereira" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="91 - 192" refId="ref48695" refString="Pereira F. S. &amp; Martinez A. 1956. Os generos de Canthonini americanos (Col. Scarabaeidae). Revista brasileira de Entomologia 6: 91 - 192." type="journal article" year="1956">Pereira &amp; Martínez 1956</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FB26DB0E140EF917" author="Vulcano &amp; Pereira" firstAuthor="Vulcano" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="570 - 685" refId="ref52362" refString="Vulcano M. A. &amp; Pereira F. S. 1964. Catalogue of the Canthonini (Col. Scarab.) inhabiting the Western Hemisphere. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 15 (2): 570 - 685. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 45986646 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1964">Vulcano &amp; Pereira 1964</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FEB8DB2D17C1F917" author="Halffter &amp; Martinez" box="[361,666,1655,1682]" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="89 - 177" refId="ref44452" refString="Halffter G. &amp; Martinez A. 1966. Revision monografica de los Canthonina americanos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) (Iª Parte). Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural 27: 89 - 177." type="journal article" year="1966">Halffter &amp; Martínez 1966</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FD77DB2D161EF914" author="Krajcik" box="[678,837,1655,1682]" firstAuthor="Krajcik" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref45773" refString="Krajcik M. 2006. Checklist of Scarabaeoidea of the World. 1. Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Animma 3 (Suppl. X): 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="2006">Krajcik 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C51FFCAFF6CDBE3116CFEEB" blockId="14.[189,1399,1721,1994]" lastBlockId="16.[189,1398,267,365]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
In 
<date id="2A4660EB6C51FFD4FF0DDBE3140CF955" box="[220,343,1721,1747]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2016-06">June 2016</date>
, the first author visited the ZMHB and looked without success for the Klug specimen cited by 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FF32DB8614D5F971" author="Harold" box="[227,398,1756,1783]" firstAuthor="Harold" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref44664" refString="Harold E. 1868. Monographie der Gattung Canthon. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift 12: 1 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18680120104" type="journal article" year="1868">Harold (1868)</bibRefCitation>
; in fact, no specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FD6EDB861660F970" box="[703,827,1756,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FD6EDB861660F970" box="[703,827,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found either there or in any other German collection surveyed by us. 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FE2DDBA5161EF89C" author="Halffter &amp; Martinez" box="[508,837,1791,1818]" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="89 - 177" refId="ref44452" refString="Halffter G. &amp; Martinez A. 1966. Revision monografica de los Canthonina americanos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) (Iª Parte). Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural 27: 89 - 177." type="journal article" year="1966">Halffter &amp; Martínez (1966)</bibRefCitation>
, however, having studied the Harold collection housed in the MNHN, found a male 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FD50DA791645F8BB" authorityName="Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[641,798,1827,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opatroides">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FD50DA791645F8BB" box="[641,798,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. opatroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
labelled “ 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FC4CDA791173F8BB" box="[925,1064,1827,1853]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FC4CDA791173F8BB" box="[925,1064,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ ex Musaeo E. Harold, ex Collection Oberthur” [
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FE13DA1D14B8F8E6" box="[450,483,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sic</emphasis>
]. This specimen was re-examined by the first author at the MNHN in 
<date id="2A4660EB6C51FFD4FB28DA1C15A3F805" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2019-09">September 2019</date>
and we can confirm its species identity and the label information provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C51FFD4FB5ADA331455F821" author="Halffter &amp; Martinez" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="89 - 177" refId="ref44452" refString="Halffter G. &amp; Martinez A. 1966. Revision monografica de los Canthonina americanos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) (Iª Parte). Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural 27: 89 - 177." type="journal article" year="1966">Halffter &amp; Martínez (1966)</bibRefCitation>
, transcribing the latter as follows (italics indicate handwritten data, slashes separate lines): 1. “ 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FF1BDAF5140EF84F" box="[202,341,1967,1993]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FF1BDAF5140EF84F" box="[202,341,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colónyčhus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, 2. “Ex-Musaeo / E. Harold”, 3. “Museum Paris / ex Coll. / R.Oberthur”, 4. “ 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C51FFD4FB3BDAF5103DF84F" box="[1258,1382,1967,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C51FFD4FB3BDAF5103DF84F" box="[1258,1382,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C50FFD5FF6CDC511462FEA3" authorityName="Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[189,313,267,293]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opatroides">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C50FFD5FF6CDC511462FEA3" box="[189,313,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">opatroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C50FFD5FE81DC511490FEA3" box="[336,459,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lansberge</emphasis>
/ 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C50FFD5FE33DC51179FFEA3" box="[482,708,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">det. G. Halffter ‘66</emphasis>
”. If not the Klug specimen cited by 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C50FFD5FBA0DC511043FEA0" author="Harold" box="[1137,1304,267,294]" firstAuthor="Harold" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref44664" refString="Harold E. 1868. Monographie der Gattung Canthon. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift 12: 1 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18680120104" type="journal article" year="1868">Harold (1868)</bibRefCitation>
and not found by MC in the ZMHB (and it does not seem to be, since the handwriting of the 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C50FFD5FB7ADC75106DFECF" box="[1195,1334,303,329]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C50FFD5FB7ADC75106DFECF" box="[1195,1334,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
label is not similar to Klug’s), at least this male’s identity as a member of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C50FFD5FC29DC0811D8FEEA" box="[1016,1155,338,364]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C50FFD5FC29DC0811D8FEEA" box="[1016,1155,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not doubted by Harold. Indeed, it is possible that Harold himself was the author of this specimen’s 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C50FFD5FB7BDC2F106EFE09" box="[1194,1333,373,399]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C50FFD5FB7BDC2F106EFE09" box="[1194,1333,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
label and that he based the identification on a comparison with the Klug specimen in 
<collectingRegion id="9C3C88C96C50FFD5FBA4DCC21199FE34" box="[1141,1218,408,434]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Berlin</collectingRegion>
. If correct, this indicates that 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C50FFD5FEB4DCE114ABFE53" box="[357,496,443,469]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C50FFD5FEB4DCE114ABFE53" box="[357,496,443,469]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does refer to the same genus taxon as 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C50FFD5FC18DCE1111EFE53" box="[969,1093,443,469]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C50FFD5FC18DCE1111EFE53" box="[969,1093,443,469]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and that both names are, therefore, subjective synonyms. It is important to note that 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C50FFD5FCA3DC841179FE7F" author="Paulian" box="[882,1058,478,505]" firstAuthor="Paulian" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref48563" refString="Paulian R. 1939. Contribution a l'etude des canthonides americains [Coleopt. Lamellic.] (suite et fin). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 108: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1939">Paulian (1939)</bibRefCitation>
, who also studied material at the MNHN, did not mention the “ 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFD9CDC511783FEA3" box="[589,728,267,293]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFD9CDC511783FEA3" box="[589,728,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen” examined by 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C4FFFCAFBD3DC51101FFEA0" author="Halffter &amp; Martinez" box="[1026,1348,267,294]" firstAuthor="Halffter" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="89 - 177" refId="ref44452" refString="Halffter G. &amp; Martinez A. 1966. Revision monografica de los Canthonina americanos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) (Iª Parte). Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural 27: 89 - 177." type="journal article" year="1966">Halffter &amp; Martínez (1966)</bibRefCitation>
and found by us there, probably because Harold’s collection only went to the MNHN in 1952, when the René Oberthür collection was incorporated into that museum (
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C4FFFCAFC84DC081170FEEB" author="Horn" box="[853,1067,338,365]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Horn" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref45072" refString="Horn W., Kahle I., Friese G. &amp; Gaedike R. 1990 b. Collectiones Entomologicae. Ein Kompendium uber den Verbleib entomologischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960. Teil II: L bis Z. Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin." type="book" year="1990" yearSuffix="b">
Horn 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFC4BDC09168EFEEA" box="[922,981,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
1990b
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="0A8716A36C50FFD5FF6DDA1E143AF86D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666855" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3666855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666855/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[188,231,1860,1886]" targetBox="[189,1394,566,1824]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C50FFD5FF6DDA1E143AF86D" blockId="15.[188,1398,1860,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C50FFD5FF6DDA1E1451F8D8" bold="true" box="[188,266,1860,1886]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C50FFD5FE16DA1E1618F8D8" authority="van Lansberge, 1874" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[455,835,1860,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C50FFD5FE16DA1E1718F8D8" box="[455,579,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Streblopus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C50FFD5FD9ADA1E1618F8D8" accessDate="2020-01-07" author="Van Lansberge J. W." box="[587,835,1860,1886]" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterologische Hefte" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="4 - 12" part="12" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25118460" refId="ref51459" refString="Van Lansberge J. W. 1874 a. Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages. Coleopterologische Hefte 12: 4 - 12. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25118460 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." title="Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages" type="journal article" year="1874">van Lansberge, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Note how the two species are widely separated by the vast South American Dry Diagonal stretching between Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest. During several different times over the Neogene, forest corridors connected the two biomes and the populations of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C50FFD5FF0DDAF71403F841" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[220,344,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C50FFD5FF0DDAF71403F841" box="[220,344,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could move from one to the other. When the forest retreated, the distribution of the genus became relict.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C4FFFCAFF6CDCC91149FD06" blockId="16.[189,1399,403,641]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Being available and a senior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFD60DCC91692FE2B" authority=", Colonychus" authorityName="Colonychus" box="[689,969,403,430]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFD60DCC91676FE2B" box="[689,813,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Streblopus</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFCEFDCC91692FE2B" box="[830,969,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has nomenclatural priority over the former nominal genus and would have to be used as the valid name for the genus taxon that includes 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFF6CDC80140CFE72" authorityName="Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[189,343,474,500]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opatroides">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFF6CDC80140CFE72" box="[189,343,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. opatroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFE42DC801778FE75" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[403,547,474,500]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFE42DC801778FE75" box="[403,547,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A final allegation against the use of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFC0CDC801133FE72" box="[989,1128,474,500]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFC0CDC801133FE72" box="[989,1128,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comes from 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C4FFFCAFAD5DC8314D9FD9E" author="Pereira &amp; Martinez" firstAuthor="Pereira" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="91 - 192" refId="ref48695" refString="Pereira F. S. &amp; Martinez A. 1956. Os generos de Canthonini americanos (Col. Scarabaeidae). Revista brasileira de Entomologia 6: 91 - 192." type="journal article" year="1956">Pereira &amp; Martínez (1956)</bibRefCitation>
, who argued the name is preoccupied, but who did not state what senior homonym would that be. After searching both in the 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFD7DDF7A1695FDBC" box="[684,974,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nomenclator Zoologicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C4FFFCAFC0FDF7A11E8FDBC" author="Anonymous" box="[990,1203,544,570]" firstAuthor="Anonymous" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref40946" refString="Anonymous. 2004. Nomenclator Zoologicus. Volumes 1 - 10. A List of the Names of the Genera and Subgenera in Zoology from the Tenth Edition of Linnaeus 1758 to the End of 2004. Neave S. A. (ed.) Ver. 0.86. Available from http: // ubio. org / NomenclatorZoologicus / [accessed 8 Sep. 2018]." type="url" year="2004">Anonymous 2004</bibRefCitation>
) and on Google, we were unable to find any 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFE27DF1917DAFDDB" box="[502,641,579,605]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFE27DF1917DAFDDB" box="[502,641,579,605]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
other than Harold’s. It seems, therefore, that 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C4FFFCAFB55DF191450FD07" author="Pereira &amp; Martinez's" firstAuthor="Pereira" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="91 - 192" refId="ref48695" refString="Pereira F. S. &amp; Martinez A. 1956. Os generos de Canthonini americanos (Col. Scarabaeidae). Revista brasileira de Entomologia 6: 91 - 192." type="journal article" year="1956">Pereira &amp; Martínez’s (1956)</bibRefCitation>
characterization of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFE24DF3C17DBFD06" box="[501,640,614,640]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFE24DF3C17DBFD06" box="[501,640,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior homonym is incorrect.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C4FFFCAFF6CDFF21031FB29" blockId="16.[189,1399,680,1199]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
In sum, 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFECCDFF21711FD44" authority="Harold, 1868" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[285,586,680,706]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFECCDFF214F3FD44" box="[285,424,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colonychus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C4FFFCAFE7EDFF21711FD44" author="Harold" box="[431,586,680,706]" firstAuthor="Harold" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref44664" refString="Harold E. 1868. Monographie der Gattung Canthon. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift 12: 1 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18680120104" type="journal article" year="1868">Harold, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is an available name, a senior subjective synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFB14DFF214D8FD63" authority="Van Lansberge, 1874" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFB14DFF2101AFD44" box="[1221,1345,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Streblopus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C4FFFCAFA98DFF214D8FD63" accessDate="2020-01-07" author="Van Lansberge J. W." journalOrPublisher="Coleopterologische Hefte" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="4 - 12" part="12" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25118460" refId="ref51459" refString="Van Lansberge J. W. 1874 a. Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages. Coleopterologische Hefte 12: 4 - 12. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25118460 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." title="Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages" type="journal article" year="1874">Van Lansberge, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and, not being preoccupied, would have to be used as the valid name for the genus following the Principle of Priority. We are of the opinion, however, that using 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFB52DFB41055FC8E" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[1155,1294,750,776]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFB52DFB41055FC8E" box="[1155,1294,750,776]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as valid after a period of 150 years of an almost unanimous use of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFCADDE4B16A3FCAD" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[892,1016,785,811]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFCADDE4B16A3FCAD" box="[892,1016,785,811]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the valid name of the genus, and relegating the latter to invalidity, would not serve the Code’s goal of nomenclatural stability and, therefore, should not be put in practice. In our opinion, reversal of priority, as established in the Code’s Article 23.9, is the best way to preserve stability in this case. While complying with the conditions of Article 23.9.1.2, unfortunately this case does not comply with Article 23.9.1.1, since 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C4FFFCAFB0BDEC4102AFC3F" author="Kolbe" box="[1242,1393,926,953]" firstAuthor="Kolbe" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="475 - 594" refId="ref45721" refString="Kolbe H. J. 1905. Uber die Lebensweise und die geographische Verbreitung der coprophagen Lamellicornier. Zoologischen Jahrbucher, Supplement 8: 475 - 594." type="journal article" year="1905">Kolbe (1905</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C4FFFCAFF6CDE9815A2FC5A" author="Kolbe" box="[189,249,962,988]" firstAuthor="Kolbe" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref45749" refString="Kolbe H. [J.] 1907. Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise. Coleopteren. L. Friederichsen &amp; Co., Hamburg." type="book" year="1907">1907</bibRefCitation>
) cited 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFE9FDE9B1482FC5D" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[334,473,961,987]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFE9FDE9B1482FC5D" box="[334,473,961,987]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in passing as a valid genus in two rather brief discussions about the generic composition of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFEA7DEBF14A7FC79" box="[374,508,997,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Canthonini">Canthonini</taxonomicName>
. Consequently, we are not free to use Articles 23.9.1 and 23.9.2 to consider 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFF6CD9521413FBA4" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[189,328,1032,1058]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFF6CD9521413FBA4" box="[189,328,1032,1058]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a 
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFEB3D9531749FBA4" box="[354,530,1032,1058]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
and, in this way, definitely preserve 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFC6CD9521162FBA4" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[957,1081,1032,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFC6CD9521162FBA4" box="[957,1081,1032,1058]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as valid. We have decided, therefore, to invoke Articles 23.9.3 and 82.1.3 and referred this case to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature and asked for the conservation of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFC54D914115AFBEE" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[901,1025,1102,1128]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFC54D914115AFBEE" box="[901,1025,1102,1128]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by suppressing 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFB13D9141016FBEE" authorityName=", Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[1218,1357,1102,1128]" class="Insecta" genus="Colonychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFB13D9141016FBEE" box="[1218,1357,1102,1128]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the purposes of the Principle of Priority (
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C4FFFCAFD47D92B115BFB0A" author="Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello" box="[662,1024,1137,1164]" firstAuthor="Cupello" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="167 - 174" refId="ref42586" refString="Cupello M. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2019. Case 3788 - Streblopus Lansberge, 1874 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae): proposed conservation by suppression of Colonychus Harold, 1868. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 76: 167 - 174." type="journal article" year="2019">Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Until the Commission rules on this case, the use of the junior synonym, 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFD4DD9CF1643FB29" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[668,792,1173,1199]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFD4DD9CF1643FB29" box="[668,792,1173,1199]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Streblopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, should be maintained according to Article 23.9.3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16E215A06C4FFFCBFF6CD98C102DFDE4" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="key">
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C4FFFCAFF6CD98C16A2FB76" blockId="16.[189,1017,1238,1265]" box="[189,1017,1238,1265]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFF6CD98C16A2FB76" bold="true" box="[189,1017,1238,1265]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Identification key to the species of 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFDBAD98C16A2FB76" ID-CoL="7P4G" authority="Van Lansberge, 1874" authorityName="- Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[619,1017,1238,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFDBAD98C17B7FB77" bold="true" box="[619,748,1238,1265]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Streblopus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C4FFFCAFD22D98C16A2FB76" accessDate="2020-01-07" author="Van Lansberge J. W." box="[755,1017,1238,1264]" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterologische Hefte" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="4 - 12" part="12" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25118460" refId="ref51459" refString="Van Lansberge J. W. 1874 a. Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages. Coleopterologische Hefte 12: 4 - 12. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25118460 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." title="Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages" type="journal article" year="1874">Van Lansberge, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C4FFFCAFF6CD85F102CF88A" blockId="16.[189,1399,1285,2015]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<keyLead id="E509E51E6C4FFFCAFF6CD85F102CF88A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<keyStep id="E50C5E8E6C4FFFCAFF6CD85F102CF88A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<key id="2A69111A6C4FFFCAFF6CD85F102CF88A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
1. Clypeus of males strongly emarginated at apex, emargination flanked by two tiny, but evident teeth (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFF22D8721409FAC5" box="[243,338,1320,1347]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,636,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[170,1410,608,1847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Head. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note how the emargination of the apex of the clypeus varies between the species and sexes, being greater in males of S. opatroides than in males of S. punctatus and females of both sexes. E‒F. Lateral view. E. S. opatroides. F. S. punctatus. Red arrow indicates the canthus. Observe that the canthus is much longer in S. opatroides than in S. punctatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666857/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
); females with only tenuous emargination and teeth (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFC15D872117AFAC5" box="[964,1057,1320,1347]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,636,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[170,1410,608,1847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Head. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note how the emargination of the apex of the clypeus varies between the species and sexes, being greater in males of S. opatroides than in males of S. punctatus and females of both sexes. E‒F. Lateral view. E. S. opatroides. F. S. punctatus. Red arrow indicates the canthus. Observe that the canthus is much longer in S. opatroides than in S. punctatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666857/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Eye canthus long, reaching centre of eyes in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFDB8D8111796FAE0" box="[617,717,1355,1382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,636,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[170,1410,608,1847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Head. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note how the emargination of the apex of the clypeus varies between the species and sexes, being greater in males of S. opatroides than in males of S. punctatus and females of both sexes. E‒F. Lateral view. E. S. opatroides. F. S. punctatus. Red arrow indicates the canthus. Observe that the canthus is much longer in S. opatroides than in S. punctatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666857/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). Clypeal process rounded at apex (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFB5AD81111B4FAE0" box="[1163,1263,1355,1382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1945,1971]" captionTargetBox="[193,1396,919,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[180,1409,888,1930]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 6. Head. A‒B. Clypeal process. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. Ventral view of head, S. opatroides." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666859/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Antennae 9-articulated (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFE45D83414A2FA0E" box="[404,505,1390,1416]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1873,1899]" captionTargetBox="[190,1401,838,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[157,1424,811,1862]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 7. Antennae. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Note the differences between the two species concerning the colour of the apical flagellomeres and the number and shape of the articles. In S. punctatus, the suppression of arthrogenesis between ancestral articles III and IV has resulted in a reduction of the total number of antennomeres from 9 to 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666861/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Pronotum entirely covered by dense umbilicate punctation (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFB26D8341032FA0E" box="[1271,1385,1390,1416]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,486,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[100,1441,479,1939]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 12. Pronotum. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Note the differences in the umbilicate punctation and colour between the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666871/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
). Metaventrite of males with broad concavity on posterior region (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFC2FD8CB1137FA2A" box="[1022,1132,1425,1452]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,904,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1398,884,1868]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 13. Venter. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Hypomeron. B. Mesoventrite and anterior region of metaventrite. C‒F. Metaventrite and abdomen. C‒D. S. opatroides. C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E. ♂. F. ♀. Note in particular the distinction between the species and sexes in the shape of the concavity of the posterior region of the metaventrite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666873/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
). Protibiae of females with lateral teeth equally distant from one another and pointed more or less laterally (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFB0CD8EF1032FA49" box="[1245,1385,1460,1487]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,577,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[183,1403,571,1851]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 15. Protibiae. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒H. Ventral view. E‒F. S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. G‒H. S. punctatus. G. ♂. H. ♀. Notice the many differences between the species and sexes, in particular the presence of a protibial spur in males of S. punctatus (and its absence in S. opatroides) and the different shapes of the spurs and of the lateral teeth in females of the two species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666877/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 15B, F</figureCitation>
). Protibial spur present only in females; spur straight and apically bifurcated (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFB9AD882118BFA74" box="[1099,1232,1496,1523]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,577,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[183,1403,571,1851]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 15. Protibiae. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒H. Ventral view. E‒F. S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. G‒H. S. punctatus. G. ♂. H. ♀. Notice the many differences between the species and sexes, in particular the presence of a protibial spur in males of S. punctatus (and its absence in S. opatroides) and the different shapes of the spurs and of the lateral teeth in females of the two species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666877/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 15B, F</figureCitation>
). Mesofemora of males with brush of setae at basal half of posterior edge (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFC10D8A1116AF993" box="[961,1073,1531,1557]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,831,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[181,1405,816,1854]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 17. Mesofemora. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. Note the sexual dimorphism in the presence of a long row of setae on the posterior edge of the male mesofemur. C‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. Detail of posterior region of metafemora. E. ♂. F. ♀. Note the strong alveolar microsculpture present near the posterior edge in males and the high concentration of umbilicate punctures in the same region in females." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666881/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
). Mesotibiae of males with short apical expansion (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFDC1DB4417D8F9BE" box="[528,643,1566,1592]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1873,1899]" captionTargetBox="[414,1176,268,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[370,1217,262,1848]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 18. Mesotibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Observe that females of S. opatroides differ from those of S. punctatus by having a deep emargination at the apical edge of the mesotibiae (red arrow shows emargination)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666883/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
); mesotibiae of females with apical edge deeply emarginated (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFF22DB1B1404F9DA" box="[243,351,1601,1628]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1873,1899]" captionTargetBox="[414,1176,268,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[370,1217,262,1848]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 18. Mesotibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Observe that females of S. opatroides differ from those of S. punctatus by having a deep emargination at the apical edge of the mesotibiae (red arrow shows emargination)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666883/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
). Metafemora of males with long spur at posterior edge (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFBD8DB1B112EF9DA" box="[1033,1141,1601,1628]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1759,1785]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,591,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1398,566,1745]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 19. Posterior legs. A. Metacoxa of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Arrow shows the lateral spur present in both sexes of both species. Note also that the spur covers the epipleura and possibly maintains the elytra pressed against the body, thus avoiding loss of water or the entry of sediment beneath the elytra in a similar way to that hypothesized for the metanepisternal tab of the Phanaeini and other tunneller groups (Edmonds 1972; Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2016). B‒E. Metafemora and metatrochanters. B‒C. S. opatroides. B. ♂. C. ♀. D‒E. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). D. ♂. E. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666885/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
); both sexes glabrous on posterior edge (except for tuft of setae on surface of male posterior spur). Metatibiae of males with a longitudinal row of sharp teeth at base (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFCF0DBD216CAF924" box="[801,913,1672,1698]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[189,232,1885,1911]" captionTargetBox="[193,1401,417,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[176,1414,404,1875]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 20. Posterior legs. A‒D. Metatibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species. E‒F. Metatarsi and apex of metatibia of S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. Observe how much shorter the male metatibial spur is in comparison to that of the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666887/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
); females without such teeth (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFB2ADBD21031F924" box="[1275,1386,1672,1698]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[189,232,1885,1911]" captionTargetBox="[193,1401,417,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[176,1414,404,1875]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 20. Posterior legs. A‒D. Metatibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species. E‒F. Metatarsi and apex of metatibia of S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. Observe how much shorter the male metatibial spur is in comparison to that of the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666887/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
). Elytra covered by dense umbilicate punctation and with distal calluses only slightly projected (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFA96DBF1147AF96E" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1683,1709]" captionTargetBox="[281,1310,266,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[268,1319,262,1670]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 21. Wings. A‒E. Elytra. A. Lateral view of elytra of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Note the very wide pseudepiplera and narrow epipleura. B‒C. Pseudepipleural carina (indicated by red arrows). B. S. opatroides. C. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Observe that the pseudepipleural carina in B is completely interrupted by umbilicate punctures, whereas the pseudepipleural carina in C is almost completely smooth, with very tiny and isolated punctures. D‒E. Lateral view of apex of elytra. D. S. opatroides. E. S. punctatus. Note how the distal calluses (shown by blue arrows) of S. punctatus are much more strongly projecting than those of S. opatroides. F. Right hind wing of Streblopus opatroides. Red arrow shows the notch of the anal fold. Abbreviations: AA = anal anterior; AP = anal posterior; Cu = cubitus; J = jugal; MP = media posterior; MPa = accessory MP; r4 = cross-vein r4 (cross-vein connecting veins RA3+4 and RP2); RA = radius anterior; RP = radius posterior; ScA = subcosta anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666889/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
); epipleural carina entirely interrupted by umbilicate punctures (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFBF0DB9411D0F96E" box="[1057,1163,1742,1768]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1683,1709]" captionTargetBox="[281,1310,266,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[268,1319,262,1670]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 21. Wings. A‒E. Elytra. A. Lateral view of elytra of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Note the very wide pseudepiplera and narrow epipleura. B‒C. Pseudepipleural carina (indicated by red arrows). B. S. opatroides. C. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Observe that the pseudepipleural carina in B is completely interrupted by umbilicate punctures, whereas the pseudepipleural carina in C is almost completely smooth, with very tiny and isolated punctures. D‒E. Lateral view of apex of elytra. D. S. opatroides. E. S. punctatus. Note how the distal calluses (shown by blue arrows) of S. punctatus are much more strongly projecting than those of S. opatroides. F. Right hind wing of Streblopus opatroides. Red arrow shows the notch of the anal fold. Abbreviations: AA = anal anterior; AP = anal posterior; Cu = cubitus; J = jugal; MP = media posterior; MPa = accessory MP; r4 = cross-vein r4 (cross-vein connecting veins RA3+4 and RP2); RA = radius anterior; RP = radius posterior; ScA = subcosta anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666889/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
) (Atlantic Forest in the Brazilian states of 
<collectingRegion id="9C3C88C96C4FFFCAFE25DBAB1763F88D" box="[500,568,1777,1803]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bahia</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="9C3C88C96C4FFFCAFDA2DBAB1646F88A" box="[627,797,1777,1804]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
) ......... 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4FFFCAFCBEDBAB102CF88A" ID-CoL="52WXR" authority="Van Lansberge, 1874" authorityName="Van Lansberge" authorityYear="1874" box="[879,1399,1777,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opatroides">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4FFFCAFCBEDBAB112EF88A" bold="true" box="[879,1141,1777,1804]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Streblopus opatroides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C4FFFCAFBACDBA8102CF88A" accessDate="2020-01-07" author="Van Lansberge J. W." box="[1149,1399,1777,1804]" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterologische Hefte" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="4 - 12" part="12" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25118460" refId="ref51459" refString="Van Lansberge J. W. 1874 a. Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages. Coleopterologische Hefte 12: 4 - 12. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 25118460 [accessed 7 Jan. 2020]." title="Description de quelques Lamellicornes Coprophages" type="journal article" year="1874">Van Lansberge, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</key>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E47462B6C4FFFCBFF10DA4F102DFDE4" blockId="16.[189,1399,1285,2015]" lastBlockId="17.[234,1399,267,611]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<keyLead id="E509E51E6C4FFFCAFF10DA4F102DF859" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
– Clypeus of males only tenuously emarginated at apex and flanked by two fairly tenuous teeth (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFF22DA621414F8D5" box="[243,335,1848,1875]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,636,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[170,1410,608,1847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Head. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note how the emargination of the apex of the clypeus varies between the species and sexes, being greater in males of S. opatroides than in males of S. punctatus and females of both sexes. E‒F. Lateral view. E. S. opatroides. F. S. punctatus. Red arrow indicates the canthus. Observe that the canthus is much longer in S. opatroides than in S. punctatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666857/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
); females with apex of clypeus straight or only tenuously emarginated, teeth absent or only tenuously marked (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFE1BDA011773F8F0" box="[458,552,1883,1910]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,636,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[170,1410,608,1847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Head. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note how the emargination of the apex of the clypeus varies between the species and sexes, being greater in males of S. opatroides than in males of S. punctatus and females of both sexes. E‒F. Lateral view. E. S. opatroides. F. S. punctatus. Red arrow indicates the canthus. Observe that the canthus is much longer in S. opatroides than in S. punctatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666857/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). Eye canthus short, not reaching centre of eyes in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFADEDA011032F8F0" box="[1295,1385,1883,1910]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,636,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[170,1410,608,1847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Head. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note how the emargination of the apex of the clypeus varies between the species and sexes, being greater in males of S. opatroides than in males of S. punctatus and females of both sexes. E‒F. Lateral view. E. S. opatroides. F. S. punctatus. Red arrow indicates the canthus. Observe that the canthus is much longer in S. opatroides than in S. punctatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666857/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
). Clypeal process triangular, acuminate at apex (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFCDBDA24163DF81F" box="[778,870,1918,1945]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1945,1971]" captionTargetBox="[193,1396,919,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[180,1409,888,1930]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 6. Head. A‒B. Clypeal process. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. Ventral view of head, S. opatroides." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666859/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Antennae 8-articulated (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFB42DA2411B4F81F" box="[1171,1263,1918,1945]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1873,1899]" captionTargetBox="[190,1401,838,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[157,1424,811,1862]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 7. Antennae. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Note the differences between the two species concerning the colour of the apical flagellomeres and the number and shape of the articles. In S. punctatus, the suppression of arthrogenesis between ancestral articles III and IV has resulted in a reduction of the total number of antennomeres from 9 to 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666861/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Pronotum with centre only sparsely covered by tiny umbilicate punctures (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4FFFCAFC26DAFB113EF83A" box="[1015,1125,1953,1980]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,486,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[100,1441,479,1939]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 12. Pronotum. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Note the differences in the umbilicate punctation and colour between the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666871/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
); umbilicate punctures progressively denser towards sides. Metaventrite of males with a narrower concavity on posterior
</keyLead>
region (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4EFFCBFE93DC5114F2FEA3" box="[322,425,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,904,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1398,884,1868]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 13. Venter. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Hypomeron. B. Mesoventrite and anterior region of metaventrite. C‒F. Metaventrite and abdomen. C‒D. S. opatroides. C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E. ♂. F. ♀. Note in particular the distinction between the species and sexes in the shape of the concavity of the posterior region of the metaventrite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666873/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 13E</figureCitation>
). Protibiae of females with two most distal teeth closer to one another than to proximal teeth; all teeth pointed distinctly forwards (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4EFFCBFD0EDC741635FECF" box="[735,878,302,329]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,577,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[183,1403,571,1851]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 15. Protibiae. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒H. Ventral view. E‒F. S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. G‒H. S. punctatus. G. ♂. H. ♀. Notice the many differences between the species and sexes, in particular the presence of a protibial spur in males of S. punctatus (and its absence in S. opatroides) and the different shapes of the spurs and of the lateral teeth in females of the two species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666877/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 15D, H</figureCitation>
); protibial spur present in both sexes; female spur curved apically, not bifurcated (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4EFFCBFD43DC08167AFEEA" box="[658,801,338,365]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,577,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[183,1403,571,1851]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 15. Protibiae. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒H. Ventral view. E‒F. S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. G‒H. S. punctatus. G. ♂. H. ♀. Notice the many differences between the species and sexes, in particular the presence of a protibial spur in males of S. punctatus (and its absence in S. opatroides) and the different shapes of the spurs and of the lateral teeth in females of the two species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666877/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 15D, H</figureCitation>
). Mesofemora of males with posterior edge entirely glabrous or with a few sparse setae (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4EFFCBFD4DDC2F1670FE09" box="[668,811,373,399]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,831,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[181,1405,816,1854]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 17. Mesofemora. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. Note the sexual dimorphism in the presence of a long row of setae on the posterior edge of the male mesofemur. C‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. Detail of posterior region of metafemora. E. ♂. F. ♀. Note the strong alveolar microsculpture present near the posterior edge in males and the high concentration of umbilicate punctures in the same region in females." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666881/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 17C, E</figureCitation>
). Mesotibiae of males with long apical expansion (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4EFFCBFF22DCC21405FE34" box="[243,350,408,434]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1873,1899]" captionTargetBox="[414,1176,268,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[370,1217,262,1848]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 18. Mesotibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Observe that females of S. opatroides differ from those of S. punctatus by having a deep emargination at the apical edge of the mesotibiae (red arrow shows emargination)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666883/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
); metatibiae of females with rounded apical edge (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4EFFCBFC7DDCC21142FE34" box="[940,1049,408,434]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1873,1899]" captionTargetBox="[414,1176,268,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[370,1217,262,1848]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 18. Mesotibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Observe that females of S. opatroides differ from those of S. punctatus by having a deep emargination at the apical edge of the mesotibiae (red arrow shows emargination)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666883/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
). Metafemora of males with a short spur near metatrochanter; both sexes with posterior edge with long setae, which form a welldefined brush in males (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4EFFCBFDD9DC841706FE7F" box="[520,605,478,505]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1759,1785]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,591,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1398,566,1745]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 19. Posterior legs. A. Metacoxa of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Arrow shows the lateral spur present in both sexes of both species. Note also that the spur covers the epipleura and possibly maintains the elytra pressed against the body, thus avoiding loss of water or the entry of sediment beneath the elytra in a similar way to that hypothesized for the metanepisternal tab of the Phanaeini and other tunneller groups (Edmonds 1972; Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2016). B‒E. Metafemora and metatrochanters. B‒C. S. opatroides. B. ♂. C. ♀. D‒E. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). D. ♂. E. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666885/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
D–E). Metatibiae of both sexes without lateral teeth (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4EFFCBFB09DC84106BFE7F" box="[1240,1328,478,505]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[189,232,1885,1911]" captionTargetBox="[193,1401,417,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[176,1414,404,1875]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 20. Posterior legs. A‒D. Metatibiae. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species. E‒F. Metatarsi and apex of metatibia of S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. Observe how much shorter the male metatibial spur is in comparison to that of the female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666887/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
C–D). Elytra covered by sparse umbilicate punctation and with distal calluses strongly projecting (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4EFFCBFA96DF581445FDB9" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1683,1709]" captionTargetBox="[281,1310,266,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[268,1319,262,1670]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 21. Wings. A‒E. Elytra. A. Lateral view of elytra of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Note the very wide pseudepiplera and narrow epipleura. B‒C. Pseudepipleural carina (indicated by red arrows). B. S. opatroides. C. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Observe that the pseudepipleural carina in B is completely interrupted by umbilicate punctures, whereas the pseudepipleural carina in C is almost completely smooth, with very tiny and isolated punctures. D‒E. Lateral view of apex of elytra. D. S. opatroides. E. S. punctatus. Note how the distal calluses (shown by blue arrows) of S. punctatus are much more strongly projecting than those of S. opatroides. F. Right hind wing of Streblopus opatroides. Red arrow shows the notch of the anal fold. Abbreviations: AA = anal anterior; AP = anal posterior; Cu = cubitus; J = jugal; MP = media posterior; MPa = accessory MP; r4 = cross-vein r4 (cross-vein connecting veins RA3+4 and RP2); RA = radius anterior; RP = radius posterior; ScA = subcosta anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666889/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 21E</figureCitation>
); epipleural carina smooth or with only some sparse and tiny punctures (
<figureCitation id="C6C35AAE6C4EFFCBFBB2DF7F1197FDB9" box="[1123,1228,549,575]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1683,1709]" captionTargetBox="[281,1310,266,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[268,1319,262,1670]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 21. Wings. A‒E. Elytra. A. Lateral view of elytra of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Note the very wide pseudepiplera and narrow epipleura. B‒C. Pseudepipleural carina (indicated by red arrows). B. S. opatroides. C. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Observe that the pseudepipleural carina in B is completely interrupted by umbilicate punctures, whereas the pseudepipleural carina in C is almost completely smooth, with very tiny and isolated punctures. D‒E. Lateral view of apex of elytra. D. S. opatroides. E. S. punctatus. Note how the distal calluses (shown by blue arrows) of S. punctatus are much more strongly projecting than those of S. opatroides. F. Right hind wing of Streblopus opatroides. Red arrow shows the notch of the anal fold. Abbreviations: AA = anal anterior; AP = anal posterior; Cu = cubitus; J = jugal; MP = media posterior; MPa = accessory MP; r4 = cross-vein r4 (cross-vein connecting veins RA3+4 and RP2); RA = radius anterior; RP = radius posterior; ScA = subcosta anterior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3666889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3666889/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
) (Sub-Andean areas in the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Amazon Forest) ......... 
<taxonomicName id="99F83DA86C4EFFCBFC76DF12102DFDE4" ID-CoL="52WXS" authority="(Balthasar, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[935,1398,584,611]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Streblopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="6C8C9A396C4EFFCBFC76DF1211FDFDE5" bold="true" box="[935,1190,584,611]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Streblopus punctatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3A693BDA6C4EFFCBFB65DF121035FDE4" author="Balthasar" box="[1204,1390,584,610]" firstAuthor="Balthasar" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="210 - 223" refId="ref41072" refString="Balthasar V. 1938. Neue Gattungen und Arten der sudamerikanischen Coprophagen. (4. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Scarabaeiden der neotropischen Region). Entomologische Blatter 34 (4): 210 - 223." type="journal article" year="1938">Balthasar, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>