292 lines
25 KiB
XML
292 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629" ID-GBIF-Dataset="efe4fcc7-0219-474d-9713-252e7c87f43e" ID-PMC="PMC7762752" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1005-21" ID-Pensoft-UUID="610C6AAD64DF5166BE70E5751EC47FD6" ID-PubMed="33390754" ID-ZooBank="B99544631D5746C3AB90751157C9D0B5" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1005-21" checkinTime="1608382806526" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Boudinot, Brendon E., Perrichot, Vincent & Chaul, Julio C. M." docDate="2020" docId="AE4ECCCFEB85560E807CD139C4AC4C00" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1005: 21-55" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1005" docPubDate="2020-12-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629" docTitle="Camelosphecia venator Boudinot & Perrichot & Chaul 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="00B043E6-1956-4EC6-A567-6186222B0280" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="610C6AAD64DF5166BE70E5751EC47FD6" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="610C6AAD64DF5166BE70E5751EC47FD6" masterDocTitle="† Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1668146648385" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>† Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4588-0430</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA & Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, 1 Erberstrasse, 07743 Jena, Thueringen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">boudinotb@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Perrichot, Vincent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7973-0430</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Geosciences - UMR 6118, F- 35000, Rennes, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chaul, Julio C. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pos-Graduacao em Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal do Vicosa, 36570 - 900, Vicosa, MG, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2020-12-18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1005</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>21</mods:start>
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<mods:end>55</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1005-21</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B99544631D5746C3AB90751157C9D0B5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">610C6AAD64DF5166BE70E5751EC47FD6</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="results">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="176167559" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:00B043E6-1956-4EC6-A567-6186222B0280" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE4ECCCFEB85560E807CD139C4AC4C00" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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†
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/00B043E6-1956-4EC6-A567-6186222B0280" authority="Boudinot & Perrichot & Chaul, 2020" authorityName="Boudinot & Perrichot & Chaul" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camelosphecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camelosphecia venator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venator" status="sp. nov.">Camelosphecia venator</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="21">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. † Camelosphecia venator sp. nov. holotype (NIGP 163574) A, D right and left profile view of body, respectively B, C right and left profile view of head, respectively E left mesosoma zooming. Abbreviations: ce, compound eye; cl, clypeus; md, mandible; mm, masticatory margins; oc, ocelli; occ, occipital carina; A 2 - A 3; abdominal segments 2 and 3; mscx, mesocoxa; mspl, mesopleural area of mesopectus; mssctm, mesoscutum; mtcx, metacoxa; mtpl, metapleural area of mesopectus; oms, oblique mesopleural sulcus; pr, prora; prcx, procoxa; prnt, pronotum; prop, propodeum. Note that indication of clypeus in C is exactly at its margin as seen in profile, which is concave, and should not be confused with convex right compound eye margin, also indicated. Clypeal concave shape is better evidenced in figure B. Also in C, mm indicated is from the right mandible, while mandible indicated is that of the left side. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, D); 0.2 mm (B, C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488491" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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Myanmar, Kachin State: Hukawng Valley [
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">NIGP163574</emphasis>
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, deposited in
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">NIGP].</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488491" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Figure 16.</emphasis>
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†
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Perrichot & Chaul" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camelosphecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camelosphecia venator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venator">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Camelosphecia venator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. holotype (NIGP163574)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">A, D</emphasis>
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right and left profile view of body, respectively
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">B, C</emphasis>
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right and left profile view of head, respectively
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">E</emphasis>
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left mesosoma zooming. Abbreviations:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">ce</emphasis>
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, compound eye;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">cl</emphasis>
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, clypeus;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">md</emphasis>
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, mandible;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">mm</emphasis>
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, masticatory margins;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">oc</emphasis>
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, ocelli;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">occ</emphasis>
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, occipital carina;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">A2-A3</emphasis>
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; abdominal segments 2 and 3;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">mscx</emphasis>
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, mesocoxa;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">mspl</emphasis>
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, mesopleural area of mesopectus;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">mssctm</emphasis>
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, mesoscutum;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">mtcx</emphasis>
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, metacoxa;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">mtpl</emphasis>
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, metapleural area of mesopectus;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">oms</emphasis>
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, oblique mesopleural sulcus;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">pr</emphasis>
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, prora;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">prcx</emphasis>
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, procoxa;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">prnt</emphasis>
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, pronotum;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">prop</emphasis>
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, propodeum. Note that indication of clypeus in
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis>
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is exactly at its margin as seen in profile, which is concave, and should not be confused with convex right compound eye margin, also indicated. Clypeal concave shape is better evidenced in figure
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
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. Also in
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis>
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, mm indicated is from the right mandible, while mandible indicated is that of the left side. Scale bars:1 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">A, D</emphasis>
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); 0.2 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">B, C, E</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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Identifiable as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Perrichot & Chaul" authorityYear="2020" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Formicoidea">Formicoidea</taxonomicName>
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based on the definition given for the superfamily above. Associated with †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Perrichot & Chaul" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camelosphecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camelosphecia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Camelosphecia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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females by the multidentate mandibles, the shape of the clypeus, and the markedly prefurcal 1cu-a. †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Perrichot & Chaul" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camelosphecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camelosphecia venator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venator">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Camelosphecia venator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs substantially from †
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fossor" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="fossor">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">C. fossor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and is undoubtedly a new species based on the following features: (1) "marginal cell" very short, area approximately equal to that of pterostigma; (2) 1m-cu
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“postfurcal”">"postfurcal"</normalizedToken>
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, or joining Mf distal to split of Rs+M; (3) 2r-rs joining Rsf proximal to 2r-rs; (4) "discal cell" wider; (5) "subdiscal cell" (enclosed by Cu, A, and 1cu-a) shorter; (6) petiolar node very well-defined, hump-like; and (7) prora (anteroventral keel of abdominal sternum III) shelf-like, strongly projecting. The male-based species differs from †
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fossor" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="fossor">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">C. fossor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and †
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fossor" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="fossor">C. cf. fossor</taxonomicName>
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(BALBuTJ_38) by additional features which are expected due to sexual dimorphism, including having a distinct eye shape, shorter pronotum, twig-like profemora, and lack of the psammochaetae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Measurements.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Male.</emphasis>
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CL 0.98; VBL 0.21; HL 1.34; EL 0.58; LW 0.16; A1L 0.20; A2L 0.09; A3L 0.39; PnL 0.48; PnLm 0.68; WL 1.76; WLa 1.62; PtL 0.42. (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Note</emphasis>
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: due to preservation and orientation, could not measure HW, CW, MW, PnW, MtW, MtL, MsW, and MsL.)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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Male.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Head.</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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Cranium
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“male-like”">"male-like"</normalizedToken>
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for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Formicoidea">Formicoidea</taxonomicName>
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, particularly stem
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
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and taxa of the poneriine clade (i.e., the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“poneroids”">"poneroids"</normalizedToken>
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of
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<bibRefCitation author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 370" refId="B11" refString="Bolton, B, 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71: 1 - 370" title="Synopsis and classification of Formicidae." volume="71" year="2003">Bolton 2003</bibRefCitation>
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): Cranium more-or-less hypognathous despite elongate postgenal bridge; compound eyes bulging, medially emarginate; vertex (bearing ocelli) produced dorsally. Features differing from expectation: Mandibles distinctly multidentate, with eleven teeth as determined from the holotype; masticatory mandibular margin elongate; mandibles bowed, as observed in the female; cranial mandibular condyle small; clypeus reduced, concave, reminiscent of male
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
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; compound eyes
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“binocular”">"binocular"</normalizedToken>
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in that anterior medialmost ommatidia with direct line of sight across the clypeus; antennal toruli close-set and dorsally directed (distinct from female); ocelli hypertrophied (suggesting nocturnal flight); occipital carina incomplete, possibly encircling occipital foramen but definitely not extending to mandibular base. Antenna 13-merous. Scape short, ca. 3-4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as broad. Main body of pedicel approximately as broad as long. Flagellum elongate, each flagellomere several times longer than broad.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
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Pronotum short but muscular, with distinct bulge in profile view between
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“neck”">"neck"</normalizedToken>
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and posterior
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“collar”">"collar"</normalizedToken>
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; lateral face of mesopleuron broadly and deeply concave; concavity oriented dorsoventrally, apparently for reception of leg when fore leg completely retracted up to body; pronotum posterodorsally produced as lobe, lobe contacting fore wing tegulum; pronotum not forming ring posterior to fore coxae. Mesoscutum with deep and convergent notauli. Oblique mesopleural sulcus of mesopectus extending completely from anterior (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“epicnemial”">"epicnemial"</normalizedToken>
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) margin to posterior (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“mesepimeral”">"mesepimeral"</normalizedToken>
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) margin. Mesothorax distinct laterally. Propodeum with dorsal and posterior faces curving into one another in profile view, apparently without distinct angular marking; posterolateral portion of propodeum, i.e., the area corresponding to the propodeal lobe, produced posteriorly, but not apparently in subrectangular form. Propodeal spiracle apparently situated high and anterior on segment, subtending metapleuron.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Legs.</emphasis>
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Legs, overall, thin and without notable setal armament. Long setae not discernible. Protibial calcar apparently bifurcate apically. Mesotibia apparently with two ventroapical spurs, the anterior of which is thick compared to a seta and is barbirulate (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 370" refId="B11" refString="Bolton, B, 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71: 1 - 370" title="Synopsis and classification of Formicidae." volume="71" year="2003">Bolton 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). Metatibial spurs and tarsi not preserved in holotype.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Metasoma.</emphasis>
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Abdominal segment II with distinct petiolar node which is strong and convex; anterolateral corners carinate; form of subpetiolar process uncertain. Helcium (articulatory portion of abdominal segment II) well-defined, axial (situated at approximately segment midheight), and broad dorsoventrally and lateromedially. Prora (keel of abdominal sternum II) robust and triangular in profile view.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Wing venation.</emphasis>
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Veins tubular as in female †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Perrichot & Chaul" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camelosphecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camelosphecia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Camelosphecia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Differing as follows: 1Rsf situated ca. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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its length from pterostigma, nearly perpendicular to proximodistal length of wing; juncture of 1Rsf and Mf1 more distinctly angular; 1m-cu
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“postfurcal”">"postfurcal"</normalizedToken>
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, i.e., joining M distal to split of Rs+M; 2r-rs somewhat more proximal; "marginal cell" small, curve of posterior margin (as defined by Rsf) parallel to pterostigma; 2rs-m
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“prefurcal”">"prefurcal"</normalizedToken>
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, with anterior juncture proximal to 2r-rs; tubular portion of Mf distal to 2r-rs very short; "discal cell" pentagonal and less than 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long proximodistally as broad anteroposteriorly; 1cu-a joining M+Cu ca. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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of its lengths proximal to split of Rs+M.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Preservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Amber matrix filled with uniformly distributed dark spheres. Metasoma from posterior portion of abdominal segment III, left meso- and meta-femora and distal segments, and right metatarsus removed due to specimen preparation. Hind wings not easily visible due to taphonomy. Specimen does not appear dehydrated or otherwise compressed or distorted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">The specific epithet suggests the likely predatory habits of the unknown female, while also highlighting the visual acuity of the male probably required for mate-seeking.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
|
||
We recognize that providing formal names to unassociated males risks inflating species-based biodiversity measures and runaway "parallel taxonomy" between sexes, as seen in various
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dorylinae">Dorylinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Neivamyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neivamyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Neivamyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Leptanilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, we are confident of the male-female pairing here due to the uniquely diagnostic mandibular conformation and markedly prefurcal 1cu-a crossvein. Moreover, the distinct wing venation and petiolar node of †
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cs. venator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venator">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cs. venator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provides both strong evidence of non-conspecificity with †
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cs. fossor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossor">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cs. fossor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and ample detail to associate unidentified females. For these reasons, we strongly recommend that any female which has a similar venational pattern and especially a nodiform petiole be considered conspecific with †
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cs. venator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venator">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cs. venator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, at least until further evidence accrues.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The marked reduction of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="male’s">male's</normalizedToken>
|
||
cranium and pronotum coupled with hypertrophied or bulging eyes compared to the female strongly suggests specialized and sex-specific life histories. Among extant
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, similarly enlarged eyes are often associated with nocturnal flights. At light sheets, such bug-eyed males are often observed
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">en masse</emphasis>
|
||
, without presence of conspecific females, suggesting either limited flights by females or the female-calling syndrome. Unfortunately, the genitalia of the unique specimen were lost during specimen preparation, thus the presence of copulatory specializations remains unknown. However, it is apparent from other male
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Formicoidea">Formicoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Burmite and other ambers that a wide array of sexual modifications are known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |