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<mods:title id="731D3C8CE3BC660959E1E4ECEBE96F88">Two new species of the genus Oryctopterus (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae: Oryctopinae) from India, with some notes on biology</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="223236E5FFB169537F1E9D4AFC10043C" blockId="2.[598,989,1380,1406]" box="[598,989,1380,1406]" pageId="2" pageNumber="110">
<heading id="797A8189FFB169537F1E9D4AFC10043C" box="[598,989,1380,1406]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="110" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB169537FE19D4AFC10043C" ID-CoL="8PQGW" authority="Karny, 1937" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1937" box="[681,989,1380,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Oryctopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB169537FE19D4AFC88043C" bold="true" box="[681,837,1380,1406]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="110">Oryctopterus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="461C4B14FFB169537E049D4AFC10043C" author="Karny H. H." box="[844,989,1380,1406]" pageId="2" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref8935" refString="Karny H. H. 1937. Orthoptera. Fam. Gryllacrididae, subfamiliae omnes. In: Wytsman P. (ed.) Genera Insectorum 206: 1 - 317. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 223806" type="journal article" year="1937">Karny, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="6A97656EFFB169537DF59D88FCCF0743" pageId="2" pageNumber="110" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="223236E5FFB169537DF59D88FD9D04FD" blockId="2.[189,592,1445,1472]" box="[189,592,1445,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="110">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="029D11CBFFB169537DF59D88FD9D04FD" box="[189,592,1445,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="110">
<treatmentCitation id="A32C10F4FFB169537DF59D88FD8004FD" author="Karny H. H." box="[189,589,1445,1472]" page="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="110" year="1937">
<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB169537DF59D88FD8004FD" ID-CoL="8PQGW" authority="Karny, 1937: 39 - 41" authorityName="Karny" authorityPageNumber="39 - 41" authorityYear="1937" box="[189,589,1445,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Oryctopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB169537DF59D88FE950482" box="[189,344,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="110">Oryctopterus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="461C4B14FFB169537C179D88FD8004FD" author="Karny H. H." box="[351,589,1445,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref8935" refString="Karny H. H. 1937. Orthoptera. Fam. Gryllacrididae, subfamiliae omnes. In: Wytsman P. (ed.) Genera Insectorum 206: 1 - 317. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 223806" type="journal article" year="1937">Karny, 1937: 3941</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB169537DF59DC9FE950743" ID-CoL="8PQGW" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1937" box="[189,344,1511,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Oryctopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB169537DF59DC9FE950743" box="[189,344,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="110">Oryctopterus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="A32C10F4FFB169537C3D9DC9FD800743" author="Gorochov A. V." box="[373,589,1511,1537]" page="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="110" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="461C4B14FFB169537C3D9DC9FD800743" author="Gorochov A. V." box="[373,589,1511,1537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="110" pagination="3 - 34" refId="ref8767" refString="Gorochov A. V. 2001. The higher classification, phylogeny and evolution of the superfamily Stenopelmatoidea. In: Field L. H. (ed.) The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and their Allies: 3 - 34. CABI Publishing, Wallingford." type="book chapter" year="2001">Gorochov 2001: 6</bibRefCitation>
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, 20, 2324, 26.
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<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB169537DF59E06FE950700" bold="true" box="[189,344,1576,1602]" pageId="2" pageNumber="110">Type species</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB169537DF59E79FD870730" ID-CoL="8PG7K" authority="Karny, 1935" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1935" box="[189,586,1623,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Oryctopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagenipes">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB169537DF59E79FE620733" box="[189,431,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="110">Oryctopus lagenipes</emphasis>
Karny, 1935
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.
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<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB169537DF59EB6FEFB07F0" bold="true" box="[189,310,1688,1714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="110">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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Male alate, female apterous. Chestnut brown, smooth, shiny. Pronotal margins, legs and abdomen with bristle-like setae. Vertex broad, convex, merged with frons. Eyes small, acutely narrowed ventrally. A pair of lateral fenestra-like transparent portions present between eyes above level of antennal sockets, a similar median fenestra-like portion present a little below level of antennal sockets on vertex. Maxillary palps with four palpomeres: first small, nearly twice as long as broad; all others elongate, subequal, not distinctly thickened. Pronotum strongly convex; lateral and posterior margins narrowly bordered and explanate, anterior margin thickened, neither explanate nor narrowly bordered.Anterior margin distinctly emarginate, forming obtuse angle. Pronotum with deep anteapical transverse impression. Median longitudinal sulcus narrow, running between anterior and posterior margins, dividing pronotum into left and right halves. Oblique sulcus arises from anterolateral depression on either side, almost reaching near middle of posterior margin. Pronotum on either side with a weak, oblique sulcus originating from posterolateral corner, reaching oblique sulcus originating from anterolateral corner (hardly discernible in
<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB069527D9499B8FE9100F2" authority="Hiremath &amp; Prathapan, 2021" authorityName="Hiremath &amp; Prathapan" authorityYear="2021" box="[220,348,406,432]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Oryctopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varuna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB069527D9499B8FE9100F2" box="[220,348,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">Ot. varuna</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BCA578CFFB069527C2C99B8FE0900F2" box="[356,452,406,432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). Prosternite broader than long, converging posteriorly, unspined. Mesothoracic basisternum longitudinally sulcate along middle, deeply emarginate posteriorly, convexly raised on either side of middle. Metathoracic basisternum wider than long. All legs with coxa, trochanter, femur unarmed. Foretibia thinner than forefemur, distinctly narrowed distally resembling a bottle, apex of tibia with two pairs of prominent spines on each side, with ventral one on either side longer than dorsal; all tarsomeres unarmed dorsally; first tarsomere longer than rest combined, claw well developed in male, absent in female. Middle tibia thick, convex dorsally, with eight spines arranged in a row around apex: two lateral, one apical, five mesal. Hind tibia with six prominent spines arranged around apex: three lateral, one apical, two mesal, mesal ones larger than rest; dorsolateral and dorsomesal margins of metatibia with row of three to six denticles, prominent in male, distinctly smaller in female. First protarsomere thin, nearly rounded, 1.42.4 times as long as rest combined. Cerci hardly exceeding apex of ovipositor valves, basally with bulb-like sensillae at mesal side. Supragenital plate nearly as long as broad. Subgenital plate broader than long.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="223236E5FFB069527DF59B50FEE202DA" blockId="3.[189,303,894,920]" box="[189,303,894,920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">
<heading id="797A8189FFB069527DF59B50FEE202DA" bold="true" box="[189,303,894,920]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" reason="3">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB069527DF59B50FEE202DA" bold="true" box="[189,303,894,920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="223236E5FFB069527DF59B83FE3604D2" blockId="3.[189,1399,940,1424]" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">
<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB069527DF59B83FE960285" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1937" box="[189,347,941,967]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Oryctopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB069527DF59B83FE960285" box="[189,347,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">Oryctopterus</emphasis>
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can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB069527F889B83FCF00285" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1888" box="[704,829,941,967]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Oryctopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB069527F889B83FCF00285" box="[704,829,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">Oryctopus</emphasis>
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by the following characters: (1) males fully winged (
<figureCitation id="BAB62A60FFB069527C649BE1FE5302AB" box="[300,414,975,1001]" captionStart="Figs 14" captionStartId="5.[189,241,1954,1980]" captionTargetBox="[232,1352,303,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[211,1376,265,1913]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 14. Oryctopterus varuna sp. nov., ♂. 1. Holotype (NBAIR), dorsal habitus. 24. Paratypes (NBAIR). 2. Dorsal habitus. 3. Ventral habitus. 4. Lateral view. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4745010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4745010/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">Figs 12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BAB62A60FFB069527CFA9BE1FE3002AB" box="[434,509,975,1001]" captionStart="Figs 1012" captionStartId="7.[189,241,1958,1984]" captionTargetBox="[218,1373,278,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[209,1379,265,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 1012. Oryctopterus varuna sp. nov., ♂. 10. Lost specimen. 11. Holotype (NBAIR). 12. Paratype (NBAIR). Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4745014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4745014/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">1012</figureCitation>
) (males are apterous in
<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB069527E779BFEFC7102A8" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1888" box="[831,956,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Oryctopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB069527E779BFEFC7102A8" box="[831,956,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">Oryctopus</emphasis>
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), (2) anterior margin of pronotum emarginate forming obtuse angle (only slightly emarginate in
<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB069527EFF9BDDFBFF054F" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1888" box="[951,1074,1011,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Oryctopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB069527EFF9BDDFBFF054F" box="[951,1074,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">Oryctopus</emphasis>
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), (3) anteapical transverse groove on pronotum deeply impressed (weak in
<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB069527E5A9C38FC400572" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1888" box="[786,909,1046,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Oryctopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB069527E5A9C38FC400572" box="[786,909,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">Oryctopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), (4) foretibia distally narrowed, bottleshaped (foretibia distally not narrowed in
<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB069527F879C17FC810511" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1888" box="[719,844,1081,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Oryctopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB069527F879C17FC810511" box="[719,844,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">Oryctopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), (5) hind tibia with 36 small denticles on lateral and mesal margins of dorsal surface (denticles absent on lateral and mesal margins of dorsal surface of hind tibia in
<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB069527CA89CAEFD9605D8" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1888" box="[480,603,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Oryctopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB069527CA89CAEFD9605D8" box="[480,603,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">Oryctopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="461C4B14FFB069527F3E9C51FC5C05DB" author="Shishodia M. S. &amp; Chandra K. &amp; Gupta S. K." box="[630,913,1151,1178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 366" refId="ref9098" refString="Shishodia M. S., Chandra K. &amp; Gupta S. K. 2010. An annotated checklist of Orthoptera (Insecta) from India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publication, Occasional Paper 314: 1 - 366. Available from http: // faunaofindia. nic. in / PDFVolumes / occpapers / 314 / index. pdf [accessed 9 Sep. 2019]." type="book chapter" year="2010">
Shishodia
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB069527FB09CAEFCE105DB" box="[760,812,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, in their checklist of Indian
<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB0695279A59C51FABF05DB" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1793" box="[1261,1394,1151,1177]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
, wrongly stated that
<bibRefCitation id="461C4B14FFB069527CF29C8CFD9705FF" author="Johns P. M." box="[442,602,1186,1213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" pagination="125 - 138" refId="ref8881" refString="Johns P. M. 1997. The Gondwanaland weta: family Anostostomatidae (formerly in Stenopelmatidae, Henicidae or Mimnermidae): nomenclatural problems, world checklist, new genera and species. Journal of Orthoptera Research 6: 125 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3503546" type="journal article" year="1997">Johns (1997)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized
<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB069527E479C8DFC6005FF" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1937" box="[783,941,1187,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Oryctopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB069527E479C8DFC6005FF" box="[783,941,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">Oryctopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB069527EB29C8DFBBA05FF" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1888" box="[1018,1143,1187,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Oryctopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB069527EB29C8DFBBA05FF" box="[1018,1143,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">Oryctopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB0695279C39C8DFABB05FE" authorityName="Griffini" authorityYear="1914" box="[1163,1398,1186,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Oryctopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordellii">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB0695279C39C8DFABB05FE" box="[1163,1398,1186,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">Oryctopus sordellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Sri Lanka probably belongs to
<taxonomicName id="E58D4D66FFB069527F3D9CE8FCDE05A2" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1937" box="[629,787,1222,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Oryctopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB069527F3D9CE8FCDE05A2" box="[629,787,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">Oryctopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as the original description states that the foretibia are apically narrowed (“
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB069527CBB9CC7FC140441" box="[499,985,1257,1283]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">Tibiae anticae apice magis angustatae</emphasis>
”) and the pronotum has a deep anteapical impression (“
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB069527CA89D23FA920464" box="[480,1375,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">Pronotum, excepto sulco subito post marginum anticum transverse impress</emphasis>
”) (
<bibRefCitation id="461C4B14FFB069527D8D9D01FEA6040B" author="Griffini A." box="[197,363,1327,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="111" pagination="46 - 72" refId="ref8817" refString="Griffini A. 1914. Studi sopra alcuni Stenopelmatidi dell'Indian Museum di Calcutta. Atti della Societa italiana di scienze naturali e del Museo civico di storia naturale di Milano 53: 46 - 72." type="journal article" year="1914">Griffini 1914</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, in the original description, it is specified that the holotype is a male that has rudimentary wings (“
<emphasis id="10F9EAF7FFB069527CA49D7CFB15042E" box="[492,1240,1362,1388]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="111">rudimenta perminima elytrarum et alarum aegre conspicienda</emphasis>
”), indicating that it could be a subadult.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>