614 lines
75 KiB
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614 lines
75 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4765CA744320FD8F0F28B18046FE6D4C">Taxonomic Notes and New Distribution and Host Plant Records for Sawflies and Woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Japan IX</mods:title>
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<treatment id="AA0487B00E6C3E7D09EBFCD65C30FA2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12572124" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233810358" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12572124" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA0487B00E6C3E7D09EBFCD65C30FA2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA0487B00E6C3E7D09EBFCD65C30FA2F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6C3E7F09EBFCD65D3CFC8B" authority="Takeuchi, 1930" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1930" box="[221,587,829,853]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">
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<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F09EBFCD65ED6FC8A" bold="true" box="[221,417,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Neurotoma atrata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6C3E7F089EFCD65D3CFC8B" author="Takeuchi, K." box="[424,587,829,853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" pagination="3 - 16" refId="ref9079" refString="Takeuchi, K. 1930. A revisional list of the Japanese Pam- philiidae, with description of nine new species. Trans- actions of the Kansai Entomological Society 1: 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="1930">Takeuchi, 1930</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="221236A60E6C3E7F09D9FC8F5D4DFCA4" blockId="1.[221,587,829,926]" box="[239,570,868,890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Japanese name: Kuro-hirata-habachi</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6AB7652D0E6C3E7F0844FC635EC1FC40" box="[370,438,904,926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph id="221236A60E6C3E7F0844FC635EC1FC40" blockId="1.[221,587,829,926]" box="[370,438,904,926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
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(
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<figureCitation id="BA962A230E6C3E7F084FFC635ED9FC40" box="[377,430,904,926]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[163,196,1375,1397]" captionTargetBox="[234,1141,214,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-136@2.[233,1143,213,1342]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1.ɹNeurotoma atrata on Q. serrata, photographed in Nakagawa by S. Ibuki in 2018 and 2019. — A, Nest containing three larvae, seen from above, May 3, 2018 (deformed after three days of rearing in a container); B, inside of nest, seen from below, remains of two egg shells arrowed, April 30, 2018; C–E, middle instar larva, April 30, 2018 (C, E) and May 8, 2019 (D); F–H, late instar larva, May 2 (F), May 3 (G) and May 4, 2018 (H); I, J, mature larva, May 7, 2018." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12572128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12572128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6C3E7F09BAFC535EAFFC13" authority="Takeuchi, 1930: 8" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1930" box="[140,472,952,974]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">
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<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F09BAFC535E59FC13" box="[140,302,952,973]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Neurotoma atrata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6C3E7F0805FC535EAFFC13" author="Takeuchi, K." box="[307,472,952,974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" pagination="3 - 16" refId="ref9079" refString="Takeuchi, K. 1930. A revisional list of the Japanese Pam- philiidae, with description of nine new species. Trans- actions of the Kansai Entomological Society 1: 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="1930">Takeuchi, 1930: 8</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="A30C10B70E6C3E7F08D4FC535FCBFC34" author="Shinohara, A." page="91" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" year="1980">
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<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6C3E7F08D4FC535FCBFC34" author="Shinohara, A." pageId="1" pageNumber="20" pagination="87 - 117" refId="ref7926" refString="Shinohara, A. 1980. East Asian species of the genus Neurotoma (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society 15: 87 - 117." type="journal article" year="1980">Shinohara, 1980: 91</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="A30C10B70E6C3E7F09F3FC3D5EE4FC34" author="Taeger, A. & S. M. Blank & A. D. Liston" box="[197,403,981,1003]" page="82" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6C3E7F09F3FC3D5EE4FC34" author="Taeger, A. & S. M. Blank & A. D. Liston" box="[197,403,981,1003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 1064" refId="ref9045" refString="Taeger, A., S. M. Blank and A. D. Liston 2010. World cat- alog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa 2580: 1 - 1064." type="journal article" year="2010">
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Taeger
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||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F083EFC3D5E41FC34" box="[264,310,981,1003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2010: 82
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Shinohara, 2019: 6; Shinohara, 2020: 8, 232;
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<treatmentCitation id="A30C10B70E6C3E7F0865FC195D48FBD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6915737" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6915737" author="Shinohara, A. & K. Kramp & A. Taeger" box="[339,575,1010,1032]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F249AC3DFF67F8D4FAFDA90F" page="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" year="2022">
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<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6C3E7F0865FC195D48FBD6" author="Shinohara, A. & K. Kramp & A. Taeger" box="[339,575,1010,1032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 251" refId="ref8545" refString="Shinohara, A., K. Kramp and A. Taeger 2022. The Pam- philiinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenop- tera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1 - 251." type="journal article" year="2022">
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Shinohara
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F0882FC185E94FBD9" box="[436,483,1010,1032]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2022: 58
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="221236A60E6C3E7F09BAFBFC5E2AFB61" blockId="1.[140,669,952,1251]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="02BD11880E6C3E7F09BAFBFC5E2AFB61" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitation id="A30C10B70E6C3E7F09BAFBFC5E84FBF2" author="Shinohara, A." box="[140,499,1046,1068]" page="126" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" year="1993">
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<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6C3E7F09BAFBFC5E84FBF2" authority="Shinohara, 1993: 126" authorityName="Shinohara" authorityPageNumber="126" authorityYear="1993" box="[140,499,1046,1068]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harai">
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<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F09BAFBFC5E5FFBF5" box="[140,296,1046,1068]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Neurotoma harai</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6C3E7F081BFBFD5E84FBF2" author="Shinohara, A." box="[301,499,1046,1068]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" pagination="125 - 131" refId="ref7990" refString="Shinohara, A. 1993. Neurotoma harai n. sp. (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) feeding on Quercus in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology 61: 125 - 131." type="journal article" year="1993">Shinohara, 1993: 126</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Shinohara, 1997: 70;
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<treatmentCitation id="A30C10B70E6C3E7F09F3FBDF5EE2FB97" author="Shinohara, A." box="[197,405,1076,1098]" page="418" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6C3E7F09F3FBDF5EE2FB97" author="Shinohara, A." box="[197,405,1076,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" pagination="359 - 438" refId="ref8064" refString="Shinohara, A., 2002 a. Systematics of the leaf-rolling or webspinning sawfly subfamily Pamphiliinae: a prelimi- nary overview. In Viitasaari, M. (ed.): Sawflies 1 (Hymenoptera, Symphyta), pp. 359 - 438. Tremex Press, Helsinki." type="book chapter" year="2002">Shinohara, 2002a: 418</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="A30C10B70E6C3E7F08A8FBDF5D20FB97" author="Katayama, E." box="[414,599,1076,1097]" page="48" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6C3E7F08A8FBDF5D20FB97" author="Katayama, E." box="[414,599,1076,1097]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" pagination="47 - 56" refId="ref7380" refString="Katayama, E. 2004. [Hymenoptera of Otawara City VI, Additional records of Symphyta.] Insekuto, Utsu- nomiya 55: 47 - 56 (in Japanese)." type="journal article" year="2004">Katayama, 2004: 48</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Shinohara and Yamada, 2005: 53;
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<treatmentCitation id="A30C10B70E6C3E7F0893FBBA5FBFFB5A" author="Shinohara, A. & H. Hara" page="273" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6C3E7F0893FBBA5FBFFB5A" author="Shinohara, A. & H. Hara" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" pagination="272 - 276" refId="ref8308" refString="Shinohara, A. and H. Hara 2005. Pamphiliidae. In Ishi- wata, S. et al.: Insect Larvae of Japan, pp. 272 - 276. Gakken, Tokyo (in Japanese)." type="book chapter" year="2005">Shinohara and Hara, 2005: 273</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="A30C10B70E6C3E7F09E6FB855ECAFB5A" author="Shinohara, A. & H. Suda & H. Takahashi" box="[208,445,1134,1156]" page="68" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6C3E7F09E6FB855ECAFB5A" author="Shinohara, A. & H. Suda & H. Takahashi" box="[208,445,1134,1156]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref8658" refString="Shinohara, A., H. Suda and H. Takahashi 2007. Pamphi- liid sawflies (Insecta, Hymenoptera) from Yamanashi Prefecture, central Honshu, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series A 33: 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="2007">
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||
Shinohara
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F0804FB845E17FB5D" box="[306,352,1134,1156]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2007: 68
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A30C10B70E6C3E7F08F0FB845DE3FB5A" author="Taeger, A. & S. M. Blank & A. D. Liston" box="[454,660,1134,1156]" page="82" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" year="2010">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6C3E7F08F0FB845DE3FB5A" author="Taeger, A. & S. M. Blank & A. D. Liston" box="[454,660,1134,1156]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 1064" refId="ref9045" refString="Taeger, A., S. M. Blank and A. D. Liston 2010. World cat- alog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa 2580: 1 - 1064." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
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Taeger
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F0B3FFB845D4FFB5D" box="[521,568,1134,1156]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2010: 82
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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; Shinohara, 2019: 6; Shinohara, 2020: 8, 232; Anonymous, 2023.
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F082EFB425E2AFB61" bold="true" box="[280,349,1193,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">N. Syn.</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="221236A60E6C3E7F09BAFB255D3FFB3D" blockId="1.[140,669,952,1251]" box="[140,584,1229,1251]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
|
||
For more references, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6C3E7F0846FB265D32FB3D" author="Shinohara, A. & K. Kramp & A. Taeger" box="[368,581,1229,1251]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 251" refId="ref8545" refString="Shinohara, A., K. Kramp and A. Taeger 2022. The Pam- philiinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenop- tera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1 - 251." type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Shinohara
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F08E4FB255D77FB3C" box="[466,512,1229,1251]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6AB7652D0E6C3E7D0991FAE15C30FA2F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="221236A60E6C3E7F0991FAE15FBBFA2C" blockId="1.[140,670,1290,1799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F0991FAE15E02FAFC" box="[167,373,1290,1314]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="92C53CFB0E6C3E7F08B0FAE15E94FA54" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899858305" latitude="36.783333" longitude="140.16667" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
|
||
HONSHU:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E069F8440E6C3E7F0B31FAE15DEDFAFC" box="[519,666,1290,1314]" country="Japan" name="Tochigi" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Tochigi Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
: 1 ♂, Nakagawa, Bato,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="479950610E6C3E7F08A0FAC65E9AFA9B" box="[406,493,1325,1349]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" precision="925" value="36.783333">36°47'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="479950610E6C3E7F08CFFAC65D2AFA9B" box="[505,605,1325,1349]" degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" precision="925" value="140.16667">140°10'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, coll. larva on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6C3E7F09C7FABB5ED5FAB9" box="[241,418,1360,1383]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F09C7FABB5ED5FAB9" box="[241,418,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Quercus serrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="561310660E6C3E7F0885FAA45D36FAB9" box="[435,577,1359,1383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" value="2018-04-30">30. IV. 2018</date>
|
||
, mat. 7.
|
||
<collectionCode id="44BCAE630E6C3E7F09BAFA995FD6FA57" box="[140,161,1394,1417]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
., em.
|
||
<date id="561310660E6C3E7F09D0FA995E00FA54" box="[230,375,1394,1418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" value="2019-03-27">27. III. 2019</date>
|
||
, S. Ibuki
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="92C53CFB0E6C3E7F08C4FA995D60FA72" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899858312" collectingDate="2003-04-16" collectingDateMax="2019-04-05" collectingDateMin="2003-04-16" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tokyo">
|
||
1♂, same data except em.
|
||
<date id="561310660E6C3E7F083FFA7F5EF1FA73" box="[265,390,1428,1453]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" value="2019-04-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4657E98E0E6C3E7F083FFA7F5EF1FA73" box="[265,390,1428,1453]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" value="2019-04-05">5. IV. 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E069F8440E6C3E7F08A7FA7E5EA2FA73" box="[401,469,1429,1453]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
|
||
Met.:
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="92C53CFB0E6C3E7F0B29FA7E5FBFFA2C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899858319" collectingDate="2003-04-16" collectingDateMax="2019-04-05" collectingDateMin="2003-04-16" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tokyo">
|
||
1♀, Hodokubo, Hino-shi,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E069F8440E6C3E7F0872FA5C5EFCFA11" box="[324,395,1463,1487]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="561310660E6C3E7F08ACFA5C5D5CFA11" box="[410,555,1463,1487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" value="2003-04-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4657E98E0E6C3E7F08ACFA5C5D5CFA11" box="[410,555,1463,1487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" value="2003-04-16">16. IV. 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, H. Takahashi
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="221236A60E6C3E7F0991FA165CE6FDB3" blockId="1.[140,670,1290,1799]" lastBlockId="1.[707,1237,215,1799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F0991FA165EFFF9CA" box="[167,392,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Larva. Middle instar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BA962A230E6C3E7F08AFFA165D7AF9CB" box="[409,525,1533,1557]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[163,196,1375,1397]" captionTargetBox="[234,1141,214,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-136@2.[233,1143,213,1342]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1.ɹNeurotoma atrata on Q. serrata, photographed in Nakagawa by S. Ibuki in 2018 and 2019. — A, Nest containing three larvae, seen from above, May 3, 2018 (deformed after three days of rearing in a container); B, inside of nest, seen from below, remains of two egg shells arrowed, April 30, 2018; C–E, middle instar larva, April 30, 2018 (C, E) and May 8, 2019 (D); F–H, late instar larva, May 2 (F), May 3 (G) and May 4, 2018 (H); I, J, mature larva, May 7, 2018." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12572128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12572128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Fig. 1C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
): Head black with frontal surface creamy white; mandible and antenna mostly black; trunk slightly greenish creamy white, dorsal midline darker and lateral margins and ventral midline whitish; lateral and dorsal prothoracic shields marked with black; cervical sclerite, thoracic legs and subanal appendage black; last abdominal sternum narrowly blackish.
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F0A4CFF335C82FF31" box="[890,1013,216,239]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Late instar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BA962A230E6C3E7F0D3CFF3C5BF4FF31" box="[1034,1155,215,239]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[163,196,1375,1397]" captionTargetBox="[234,1141,214,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-136@2.[233,1143,213,1342]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1.ɹNeurotoma atrata on Q. serrata, photographed in Nakagawa by S. Ibuki in 2018 and 2019. — A, Nest containing three larvae, seen from above, May 3, 2018 (deformed after three days of rearing in a container); B, inside of nest, seen from below, remains of two egg shells arrowed, April 30, 2018; C–E, middle instar larva, April 30, 2018 (C, E) and May 8, 2019 (D); F–H, late instar larva, May 2 (F), May 3 (G) and May 4, 2018 (H); I, J, mature larva, May 7, 2018." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12572128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12572128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Fig. 1F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
): Head pale brown with frontal surface pale olive and lateral surface marked with dark brown; mandible and antenna mostly dark brown; trunk sordid greenish white, dorsal midline darker; lateral prothoracic shield and cervical sclerite marked with black; thoracic legs and subanal appendage whitish.
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F0A17FE205CC7FE3C" box="[801,944,458,482]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Mature larva</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BA962A230E6C3E7F0AF4FE215B5EFE3C" box="[962,1065,458,482]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[163,196,1375,1397]" captionTargetBox="[234,1141,214,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-136@2.[233,1143,213,1342]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1.ɹNeurotoma atrata on Q. serrata, photographed in Nakagawa by S. Ibuki in 2018 and 2019. — A, Nest containing three larvae, seen from above, May 3, 2018 (deformed after three days of rearing in a container); B, inside of nest, seen from below, remains of two egg shells arrowed, April 30, 2018; C–E, middle instar larva, April 30, 2018 (C, E) and May 8, 2019 (D); F–H, late instar larva, May 2 (F), May 3 (G) and May 4, 2018 (H); I, J, mature larva, May 7, 2018." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12572128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12572128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Fig. 1I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
): Head, including mandible and antenna, olive; trunk, thoracic legs and subanal appendage vivid pale green; lateral prothoracic shield and cervical sclerite marked with black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="221236A60E6C3E7F0BEBFD9C5C47FD0B" blockId="1.[707,1237,215,1799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F0BEBFD9C5C28FD51" box="[733,863,631,655]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6C3E7F0A59FD935CDBFD51" box="[879,940,632,655]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E069F8440E6C3E7F0A8AFD9C5B5DFD51" box="[956,1066,631,655]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Honshu), Russia (Primorskij kraj),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6C3E7F0A9AFD715C9AFD6F" box="[940,1005,666,689]" name="South Korea" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6C3E7F0D12FD715B13FD6C" box="[1060,1124,666,690]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E069F8440E6C3E7F0D45FD715C52FD0B" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Zhejiang province</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="221236A60E6C3E7F0BEBFD0B5C0BFC81" blockId="1.[707,1237,215,1799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F0BEBFD0B5C2CFD29" box="[733,859,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Host plant</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6C3E7F0A40FD0B5CAAFD26" box="[886,989,736,760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6C3E7F0AC2FD0B5C6BFCC4" authority="Carruth." authorityName="Carruth." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F0AC2FD0B5BA3FD29" box="[1012,1236,736,759]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Quercus acutissima</emphasis>
|
||
Carruth.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6C3E7F0A19FCE95C9EFCC4" author="Shinohara, A." box="[815,1001,770,794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" pagination="87 - 117" refId="ref7926" refString="Shinohara, A. 1980. East Asian species of the genus Neurotoma (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society 15: 87 - 117." type="journal article" year="1980">Shinohara, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6C3E7F0D34FCE95B6FFCE3" authority="Blume var. crispula (Shinohara, 1993)" authorityName="Blume var. crispula (Shinohara" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Shinohara" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="crispula" variety="crispula">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F0D34FCE95BF7FCC4" box="[1026,1152,770,794]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Q. crispula</emphasis>
|
||
Blume var.
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F0BC5FCCE5C3DFCE3" box="[755,842,805,829]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">crispula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6C3E7F0A6CFCCE5B67FCE3" author="Shinohara, A." box="[858,1040,805,829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" pagination="125 - 131" refId="ref7990" refString="Shinohara, A. 1993. Neurotoma harai n. sp. (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) feeding on Quercus in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology 61: 125 - 131." type="journal article" year="1993">Shinohara, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6C3E7F0D13FCCE5D92FCBE" authority="Murray" authorityName="Murray" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F0D13FCCE5BE2FCE2" box="[1061,1173,805,828]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Q. serrata</emphasis>
|
||
Murray
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(new record).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="221236A60E6C3E7F0BEBFC815BDAF9A3" blockId="1.[707,1237,215,1799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F0BEBFC815BE9FC5C" box="[733,1182,874,898]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Field observations and rearing records</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="2772607D0E6C3E7F0D85FC815BA3FC5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA0487B00E6C3E7D09EBFCD65C30FA2F:2772607D0E6C3E7F0D85FC815BA3FC5C" box="[1203,1236,874,898]" name="On" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">On</location>
|
||
<date id="561310660E6C3E7F0BF5FC665C11FC7B" box="[707,870,909,933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" value="2018-04-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4657E98E0E6C3E7F0BF5FC665C11FC7B" box="[707,870,909,933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" value="2018-04-30">April 30, 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="CB734E2A0E6C3E7F0A45FC665CDCFC7B" box="[883,939,909,933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Ibuki</collectingCounty>
|
||
found a nest of gregarious pamphiliid larvae on a small tree of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6C3E7F0D7FFC5B5BCFFC19" box="[1097,1208,944,967]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F0D7FFC5B5BCFFC19" box="[1097,1208,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Q. serrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C276ACDC0E6C3E7F0BF5FC395CF7FC37" box="[707,896,978,1002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Nakagawa Town</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E069F8440E6C3E7F0AA7FC395B16FC34" box="[913,1121,978,1002]" country="Japan" name="Tochigi" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Tochigi Prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="2772607D0E6C3E7F0D44FC395BECFC34" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA0487B00E6C3E7D09EBFCD65C30FA2F:2772607D0E6C3E7F0D44FC395BECFC34" box="[1138,1179,978,1002]" county="Ibuki" municipality="Nakagawa Town" name="The" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Tochigi">The</location>
|
||
nest was located at the apex of a branch near the top of the tree and contained three middle instar larvae.
|
||
<location id="2772607D0E6C3E7F0BC1FBD15C57FB8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA0487B00E6C3E7D09EBFCD65C30FA2F:2772607D0E6C3E7F0BC1FBD15C57FB8C" box="[759,800,1082,1106]" county="Ibuki" municipality="Nakagawa Town" name="The" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Tochigi">The</location>
|
||
nest was originally made of one young leaf loosely folded below with silk.
|
||
<location id="2772607D0E6C3E7F0D7EFBB65BF7FBAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA0487B00E6C3E7D09EBFCD65C30FA2F:2772607D0E6C3E7F0D7EFBB65BF7FBAB" box="[1096,1152,1117,1141]" county="Ibuki" municipality="Nakagawa Town" name="After" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Tochigi">After</location>
|
||
rearing in a container for a few days, adjacent leaves were added to form a partly web nest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BA962A230E6C3E7F0D46FB495BB0FB64" box="[1136,1223,1186,1210]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[163,196,1375,1397]" captionTargetBox="[234,1141,214,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-136@2.[233,1143,213,1342]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1.ɹNeurotoma atrata on Q. serrata, photographed in Nakagawa by S. Ibuki in 2018 and 2019. — A, Nest containing three larvae, seen from above, May 3, 2018 (deformed after three days of rearing in a container); B, inside of nest, seen from below, remains of two egg shells arrowed, April 30, 2018; C–E, middle instar larva, April 30, 2018 (C, E) and May 8, 2019 (D); F–H, late instar larva, May 2 (F), May 3 (G) and May 4, 2018 (H); I, J, mature larva, May 7, 2018." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12572128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12572128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="2772607D0E6C3E7F0BF5FB2E5D93FB03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA0487B00E6C3E7D09EBFCD65C30FA2F:2772607D0E6C3E7F0BF5FB2E5D93FB03" box="[707,740,1221,1245]" county="Ibuki" municipality="Nakagawa Town" name="On" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Tochigi">On</location>
|
||
the midvein on the undersurface of the original nest leaf, remains of two eggshells were found (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BA962A230E6C3E7F0A22FAE15C1DFAFC" box="[788,874,1290,1314]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[163,196,1375,1397]" captionTargetBox="[234,1141,214,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-136@2.[233,1143,213,1342]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1.ɹNeurotoma atrata on Q. serrata, photographed in Nakagawa by S. Ibuki in 2018 and 2019. — A, Nest containing three larvae, seen from above, May 3, 2018 (deformed after three days of rearing in a container); B, inside of nest, seen from below, remains of two egg shells arrowed, April 30, 2018; C–E, middle instar larva, April 30, 2018 (C, E) and May 8, 2019 (D); F–H, late instar larva, May 2 (F), May 3 (G) and May 4, 2018 (H); I, J, mature larva, May 7, 2018." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12572128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12572128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="2772607D0E6C3E7F0AB4FAE15CDCFAFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA0487B00E6C3E7D09EBFCD65C30FA2F:2772607D0E6C3E7F0AB4FAE15CDCFAFC" box="[898,939,1290,1314]" county="Ibuki" municipality="Nakagawa Town" name="The" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Tochigi">The</location>
|
||
two eggshells were found far apart and another eggshell was probably present on the halfway between them, suggesting that the eggs were laid on the midvein in a row with some space between them but not in a compact group.
|
||
<location id="2772607D0E6C3E7F0A23FA5C5C03FA0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA0487B00E6C3E7D09EBFCD65C30FA2F:2772607D0E6C3E7F0A23FA5C5C03FA0E" box="[789,884,1463,1488]" county="Ibuki" municipality="Nakagawa Town" name="On May" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Tochigi">On May</location>
|
||
2, the larvae probably molted because the head color changed from black to pale brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BA962A230E6C3E7F0A66FA165CB0F9CB" box="[848,967,1533,1557]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[163,196,1375,1397]" captionTargetBox="[234,1141,214,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-136@2.[233,1143,213,1342]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1.ɹNeurotoma atrata on Q. serrata, photographed in Nakagawa by S. Ibuki in 2018 and 2019. — A, Nest containing three larvae, seen from above, May 3, 2018 (deformed after three days of rearing in a container); B, inside of nest, seen from below, remains of two egg shells arrowed, April 30, 2018; C–E, middle instar larva, April 30, 2018 (C, E) and May 8, 2019 (D); F–H, late instar larva, May 2 (F), May 3 (G) and May 4, 2018 (H); I, J, mature larva, May 7, 2018." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12572128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12572128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Fig. 1F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="2772607D0E6C3E7F0AEBFA165B4EF9CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA0487B00E6C3E7D09EBFCD65C30FA2F:2772607D0E6C3E7F0AEBFA165B4EF9CB" box="[989,1081,1533,1557]" county="Ibuki" municipality="Nakagawa Town" name="On May" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Tochigi">On May</location>
|
||
3, one of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6C3E7F0BF5F9F45C36F9E9" box="[707,833,1567,1591]" count="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" type="larva">three larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
died.
|
||
<location id="2772607D0E6C3E7F0AB0F9F45CA8F9E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA0487B00E6C3E7D09EBFCD65C30FA2F:2772607D0E6C3E7F0AB0F9F45CA8F9E6" box="[902,991,1567,1592]" county="Ibuki" municipality="Nakagawa Town" name="On May" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Tochigi">On May</location>
|
||
7,
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6C3E7F0D35F9CB5B03F9E9" box="[1027,1140,1567,1591]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" type="larva">two larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
matured (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BA962A230E6C3E7F0BFDF9A95C4FF984" box="[715,824,1602,1626]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[163,196,1375,1397]" captionTargetBox="[234,1141,214,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-136@2.[233,1143,213,1342]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1.ɹNeurotoma atrata on Q. serrata, photographed in Nakagawa by S. Ibuki in 2018 and 2019. — A, Nest containing three larvae, seen from above, May 3, 2018 (deformed after three days of rearing in a container); B, inside of nest, seen from below, remains of two egg shells arrowed, April 30, 2018; C–E, middle instar larva, April 30, 2018 (C, E) and May 8, 2019 (D); F–H, late instar larva, May 2 (F), May 3 (G) and May 4, 2018 (H); I, J, mature larva, May 7, 2018." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12572128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12572128/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Fig. 1 I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
) and soon entered the soil.
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6C3E7F0D5DF9A95BA3F984" box="[1131,1236,1602,1626]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" type="male">One male</specimenCount>
|
||
each emerged on
|
||
<date id="561310660E6C3E7F0A48F98E5BDEF9A3" box="[894,1193,1636,1661]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" value="2019-03-27" valueMax="2019-04-05" valueMin="2019-03-27">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4657E98E0E6C3E7F0A48F98E5BDEF9A3" box="[894,1193,1636,1661]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" value="2019-03-27" valueMax="2019-04-05" valueMin="2019-03-27">March 27 and April 5, 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="221236A60E6C3E7C0BEBF96C5E66F93B" blockId="1.[707,1237,215,1799]" lastBlockId="2.[140,669,1567,1800]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
|
||
On
|
||
<date id="561310660E6C3E7F0A33F9635CE7F941" box="[773,912,1671,1696]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" value="2019-05-08">May 8, 2019</date>
|
||
, a larval nest was found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6C3E7F0D8CF9635C67F91C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6C3E7F0D8CF9635C67F91C" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Q. serrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Kitazawa, Wami, with only one late-instar larva inside. Weather the larva was originally solitary or gregarious was not confirmed. To check if the larva also feeds on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6F3E7C0B35F9CB5DE1F9E9" box="[515,662,1568,1591]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6F3E7C0B35F9CB5D61F9E9" box="[515,534,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Q</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6F3E7C0B12F9CB5DE1F9E9" box="[548,662,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">acutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6F3E7C0857F9A95E8FF984" box="[353,504,1602,1626]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6F3E7C0857F9A95E8FF984" box="[353,504,1602,1626]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Q. acutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were given to the larva on May 9 and thereafter. The larva fed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6F3E7C0999F9635E33F941" box="[175,324,1672,1695]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6F3E7C0999F9635E33F941" box="[175,324,1672,1695]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Q. acutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without apparent problems and matured on May 14. No adult emerged in the following year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="76D2662E0E6F3E7C0995FAB45D6DFA34" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12572128" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12572128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12572128/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" startId="2.[163,196,1375,1397]" targetBox="[234,1141,214,1340]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="221236A60E6F3E7C0995FAB45D6DFA34" blockId="2.[163,1214,1374,1515]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Fig. 1.ɹ
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6F3E7C09CFFA8B5EEAFAAB" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1930" box="[249,413,1376,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6F3E7C09CFFA8B5EEAFAAB" box="[249,413,1376,1397]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Neurotoma atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6F3E7C08F2FAB45D54FAAB" box="[452,547,1375,1397]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6F3E7C08F2FAB45D54FAAB" box="[452,547,1375,1397]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Q. serrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, photographed in Nakagawa by S. Ibuki in 2018 and 2019. — A, Nest containing three larvae, seen from above, May 3, 2018 (deformed after three days of rearing in a container); B, inside of nest, seen from below, remains of two egg shells arrowed, April 30, 2018; C–E, middle instar larva, April 30, 2018 (C, E) and May 8, 2019 (D); F–H, late instar larva, May 2 (F), May 3 (G) and May 4, 2018 (H); I, J, mature larva, May 7, 2018.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="221236A60E6F3E7C0991F9045BE1F941" blockId="2.[140,669,1567,1800]" lastBlockId="2.[707,1236,1567,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
|
||
On
|
||
<date id="561310660E6F3E7C09E2F91B5E0EF8D9" box="[212,377,1775,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" value="2019-05-13">May 13, 2019</date>
|
||
, a gregarious larval nest, containing
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6F3E7C0A08F9F45CCFF9E9" box="[830,952,1567,1591]" count="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="larva">four larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
, was found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6F3E7C0D51F9CB5D82F984" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6F3E7C0D51F9CB5B0DF9E9" box="[1127,1146,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Q</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6F3E7C0DBDF9CB5D82F984" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">acutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Wami.
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6F3E7C0A5CF9A95C85F984" box="[874,1010,1602,1626]" count="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="larva">Three larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
matured on May 21 and
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6F3E7C0BC7F98E5C23F9A3" box="[753,852,1637,1661]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="larva">one larva</specimenCount>
|
||
matured on May 22. Three parasitoid wasps emerged on
|
||
<date id="561310660E6F3E7C0A83F96C5BE5F941" box="[949,1170,1671,1695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" value="2020-04-17" valueMax="2020-04-21" valueMin="2020-04-17">April 17 to 21, 2020</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="221236A60E6F3E7D0BEBF9405E2AFCE3" blockId="2.[707,1236,1567,1800]" lastBlockId="3.[140,670,215,1799]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6F3E7C0BEBF9405CADF91C" box="[733,986,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Variation of the adults</emphasis>
|
||
. The
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6F3E7C0D17F9415BFEF91C" box="[1057,1161,1706,1730]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="male">two male</specimenCount>
|
||
adults obtained by rearing in this work lived in larval stage in the same nest and therefore are doubtless offsprings of the same female. They are about the same size and quite similar in structure but differ in coloration. One of them (emerged on March 27) has the head and hind femur (except for the trochantellus) entirely black and the pale areas on the mandibles and legs distinctly greenish, whereas the other specimen (emerged on April 5) has the clypeus and the hind femur (on apical dorsal surface) marked with creamy white. The former is more similar to the only previously known male (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D0815FDD95EADFD94" author="Shinohara, A." box="[291,474,562,586]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="87 - 117" refId="ref7926" refString="Shinohara, A. 1980. East Asian species of the genus Neurotoma (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society 15: 87 - 117." type="journal article" year="1980">Shinohara, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D08DEFDD95FB3FDB3" author="Shinohara, A. & K. Kramp & A. Taeger" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 251" refId="ref8545" refString="Shinohara, A., K. Kramp and A. Taeger 2022. The Pam- philiinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenop- tera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1 - 251." type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Shinohara
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0B68FDD85DE0FD94" box="[606,663,562,586]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 20), though the latter old specimen collected in 1960 has no distinct greenish tint on the mandible and legs and the antennal scape largely marked with creamy white ventrally. Therefore, the coloration of the clypeus, antennal scape and hind femur in the three known male specimens are not quite stable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="221236A60E6E3E7D0991FCAC5D6CFA11" blockId="3.[140,670,215,1799]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0991FCAC5E73FC81" box="[167,260,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D082BFCA35E9FFC81" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1930" box="[285,488,840,863]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D082BFCA35E9FFC81" box="[285,488,840,863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Neurotoma atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6E3E7D09FAFC815E24FC5C" box="[204,339,874,898]" count="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
collected in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E069F8440E6E3E7D08DAFC815DEEFC5C" box="[492,665,874,898]" country="Japan" name="Gifu" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Gifu Prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Honshu,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6E3E7D09CAFC665E4EFC7A" box="[252,313,909,932]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D0860FC665D67FC7B" author="Takeuchi, K." box="[342,528,909,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="3 - 16" refId="ref9079" refString="Takeuchi, K. 1930. A revisional list of the Japanese Pam- philiidae, with description of nine new species. Trans- actions of the Kansai Entomological Society 1: 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="1930">Takeuchi, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D0B07FC665FA4FC19" author="Shinohara, A." pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="87 - 117" refId="ref7926" refString="Shinohara, A. 1980. East Asian species of the genus Neurotoma (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society 15: 87 - 117." type="journal article" year="1980">Shinohara (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6E3E7D086CFC445E9DFC19" box="[346,490,943,967]" count="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="female">nine females</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6E3E7D0B37FC445DEAFC19" box="[513,669,943,967]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
from Mabashi was wrongly cited as a male) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6E3E7D09BAFC1E5F87FBD3" box="[140,240,1013,1037]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
from Honshu,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6E3E7D08AEFC1E5EA0FBD2" box="[408,471,1013,1036]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6E3E7D0B22FC1E5DEAFBD3" box="[532,669,1013,1037]" count="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="female">four females</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6E3E7D09FCFBF35E78FBF1" box="[202,271,1048,1071]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6E3E7D082DFBF35EDDFBF1" box="[283,426,1047,1071]" count="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="female">Two females</specimenCount>
|
||
, one each from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6E3E7D0B56FBF35DEAFBF1" box="[608,669,1048,1071]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6E3E7D098BFBD15E76FB8F" box="[189,257,1082,1105]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, were reared specimens and the host was lKunugiz (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D086CFBB65E83FBAA" box="[346,500,1117,1140]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D086CFBB65E83FBAA" box="[346,500,1117,1140]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Q. acutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). This species was later recorded from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E069F8440E6E3E7D08AAFB945D35FB49" box="[412,578,1151,1175]" country="Russia" name="Primorskiy" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Primorskij kraj</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6E3E7D0B79FB945DEEFB49" box="[591,665,1151,1175]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6E3E7D09C5FB495E1CFB64" box="[243,363,1186,1210]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6E3E7D0897FB495D74FB64" box="[417,515,1186,1210]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D09BAFB2E5E3DFB03" author="Shinohara, A." box="[140,330,1221,1245]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refId="ref7957" refString="Shinohara, A. 1992. Records of Neurotoma atrata and N. sibirica (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) from the Russian Far East. Japanese Journal of Entomology 60: 826." type="journal volume" year="1992">Shinohara (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D0863FB2E5D67FB03" author="Shinohara, A." box="[341,528,1221,1245]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="125 - 131" refId="ref7990" refString="Shinohara, A. 1993. Neurotoma harai n. sp. (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) feeding on Quercus in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology 61: 125 - 131." type="journal article" year="1993">Shinohara (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0BB3FB2E5FB1FB21" authorityName="Shinohara" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harai">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0BB3FB2E5FB1FB21" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">N. harai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6E3E7D080DFB035EC2FB21" box="[315,437,1255,1279]" count="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="female">two female</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6E3E7D08D9FB035D23FB21" box="[495,596,1255,1279]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens, all of them, except
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6E3E7D08F1FAE15D30FAFC" box="[455,583,1290,1314]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
, reared from larvae feeding on l
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D08ACFAC65E69FAB9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="mongolica" variety="grosseserrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D08ACFAC65D1AFA9B" box="[410,621,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Quercus mongolica</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D09BAFABB5E69FAB9" box="[140,286,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">grosseserrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
z in Hokkaido.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D08ECFAA45DEAFAB9" author="Shinohara, A." box="[474,669,1359,1383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="125 - 131" refId="ref7990" refString="Shinohara, A. 1993. Neurotoma harai n. sp. (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) feeding on Quercus in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology 61: 125 - 131." type="journal article" year="1993">Shinohara (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
distinguished
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0812FA985EF0FA54" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1930" box="[292,391,1395,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0812FA985EF0FA54" box="[292,391,1395,1418]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">N. atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D08F4FA985D69FA54" authorityName="Shinohara" authorityYear="1993" box="[450,542,1394,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harai">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D08F4FA985D69FA54" box="[450,542,1394,1418]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">N. harai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the different color patterns of the frons, antennal scape and legs, host plants and distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="221236A60E6E3E7D0991FA315D6FF8D9" blockId="3.[140,670,215,1799]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Since 1993,
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6E3E7D0806FA315EC2FA2C" box="[304,437,1498,1522]" count="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6E3E7D08D8FA315D25FA2C" box="[494,594,1498,1522]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
of l
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0BB3FA305FB1F9CB" authorityName="Shinohara" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harai">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0BB3FA305FB1F9CB" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">N. harai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
z have become available from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6E3E7D0B16FA165D2AF9CA" box="[544,605,1533,1556]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Shinohara, 1997;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D0809F9CB5E89F9E9" author="Katayama, E." box="[319,510,1567,1592]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="47 - 56" refId="ref7380" refString="Katayama, E. 2004. [Hymenoptera of Otawara City VI, Additional records of Symphyta.] Insekuto, Utsu- nomiya 55: 47 - 56 (in Japanese)." type="journal article" year="2004">Katayama, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D0B22F9F45FB4F984" author="Anonymous" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refId="ref7117" refString="Anonymous 2023. Collection database of specimens and materials. National Museum of Nature and Science. http: // db. kahaku. go. jp / webmuseum _ en / (accessed 27 September 2023)." type="url" year="2023">Anonymous, 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and here we add
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6E3E7D0887F9A95D47F984" box="[433,560,1602,1626]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
and two reared males of l
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0875F98E5ED3F9A2" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1930" box="[323,420,1637,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0875F98E5ED3F9A2" box="[323,420,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">N. atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
z with a new host plant record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D09C2F9635E15F941" box="[244,354,1672,1695]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D09C2F9635E15F941" box="[244,354,1672,1695]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Q. serrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6E3E7D0887F9635E85F941" box="[433,498,1672,1695]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6E3E7D0B10F96C5D1FF941" box="[550,616,1671,1695]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collection records of
|
||
<specimenCount id="34ABFD2F0E6E3E7D0879F9415EA9F91C" box="[335,478,1706,1730]" count="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
|
||
were added (Shinohara and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D0828F9265EE1F93B" author="Lee, B. - Y. & Y. - J. Chung" box="[286,406,1741,1765]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refId="ref7445" refString="Lee, B. - Y. and Y. - J. Chung 1997. Insect pests of trees and shrubs in Korea. 10 + 459 pp. Seong An Dang Publish- ing Co., Seoul (in Korean)." type="book" year="1997">Lee, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D089BF9265FB2F8D9" author="Shinohara, A. & G. - R. Xiao" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="273 - 284" refId="ref8746" refString="Shinohara, A. and G. - R. Xiao 2006. Some leaf-rolling sawflies (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae, Pamphiliinae) from China in the collection of the Research Institute of Forest Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing. In Blank S. M., S. Schmidt and A. Taeger (eds.): Recent Sawfly Research: Synthesis and Pros- pects, pp. 273 - 284. Goecke & Evers, Keltern." type="book chapter" year="2006">Shinohara and Xiao, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D09F9F9045D7AF8D9" author="Shinohara, A. & P. Tripotin" box="[207,525,1775,1799]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="196 - 201" refId="ref8707" refString="Shinohara, A. and P. Tripotin 2021. Collection records of Pamphiliidae and Xiphydriidae (Hymenoptera) from Korea, with notes on Xiphydria jakovlevi. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology 27: 196 - 201." type="journal article" year="2021">Shinohara and Tripotin, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="221236A60E6E3E7D0BEBFF3C5D81FD29" blockId="3.[707,1237,215,1522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
After a close examination of all currently available information, we conclude that all the specimens previously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0D74FEF65BD3FEEA" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1930" box="[1090,1188,285,308]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0D74FEF65BD3FEEA" box="[1090,1188,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">N. atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0BF5FEAB5C69FE89" authorityName="Shinohara" authorityYear="1993" box="[707,798,319,343]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harai">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0BF5FEAB5C69FE89" box="[707,798,319,343]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">N. harai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong to the same species and the two names are synonymous (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0AFBFE885BF1FEA4" authorityName="Shinohara" authorityYear="1993" box="[973,1158,354,378]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harai">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0AFBFE885BF1FEA4" box="[973,1158,354,378]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Neurotoma harai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shinohara, 1980=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0A62FE6E5BA7FE43" authority="Takeuchi, 1930" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1930" box="[852,1232,389,413]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata" status="syn. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0A62FE6E5B6FFE42" box="[852,1048,389,412]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Neurotoma atrata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D0D12FE6E5BA7FE43" author="Takeuchi, K." box="[1060,1232,389,413]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="3 - 16" refId="ref9079" refString="Takeuchi, K. 1930. A revisional list of the Japanese Pam- philiidae, with description of nine new species. Trans- actions of the Kansai Entomological Society 1: 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="1930">Takeuchi, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BEA57CF0E6E3E7D0BF5FE435C2AFE61" box="[707,861,423,447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">new synonym</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
). The addition of the new material, though small in number, has shown that the distinguishing characters used to separate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0D47FE065BA3FDDA" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1930" box="[1137,1236,493,516]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0D47FE065BA3FDDA" box="[1137,1236,493,516]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">N. atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0BC7FDFB5C3CFDF9" authorityName="Shinohara" authorityYear="1993" box="[753,843,527,551]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harai">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0BC7FDFB5C3CFDF9" box="[753,843,527,551]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">N. harai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D0A43FDE45B47FDF9" author="Shinohara, A." box="[885,1072,527,551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="125 - 131" refId="ref7990" refString="Shinohara, A. 1993. Neurotoma harai n. sp. (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) feeding on Quercus in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology 61: 125 - 131." type="journal article" year="1993">Shinohara (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are variable as discussed above.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0AB0FDD85B3EFD94" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1930" box="[902,1097,563,586]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0AB0FDD85B3EFD94" box="[902,1097,563,586]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Neurotoma atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus newly defined, is distributed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6E3E7D0AE3FDBE5B65FDB2" box="[981,1042,597,620]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E069F8440E6E3E7D0D14FDBE5BE7FDB3" box="[1058,1168,597,621]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Honshu),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6E3E7D0A37FD9C5C3FFD51" box="[769,840,631,655]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E069F8440E6E3E7D0A6FFD9C5B74FD51" box="[857,1027,631,655]" country="Russia" name="Primorskiy" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Primorskij kraj</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6E3E7D0D2FFD935B2DFD51" box="[1049,1114,632,655]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6E3E7D0DA2FD9C5BA3FD51" box="[1172,1236,631,655]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E069F8440E6E3E7D0BFCFD715CE1FD6C" box="[714,918,666,690]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Zhejiang province</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and the larvae feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0D8CFD715C42FD0A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0D8CFD715C42FD0A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Q. acutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0A73FD565B38FD0B" authority="var. crispula" authorityName="Blume var. crispula (Shinohara" authorityYear="1993" box="[837,1103,701,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="crispula" variety="crispula">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0A73FD565CC9FD0B" box="[837,958,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Q. crispula</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0ACEFD565B38FD0B" box="[1016,1103,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">crispula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0DBEFD565D98FD29" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0DBEFD565D98FD29" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Q. serrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="221236A60E6E3E7D0BEBFCE95C30FA2F" blockId="3.[707,1237,215,1522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
|
||
The larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0A40FCE85CABFCC4" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1930" box="[886,988,771,794]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0A40FCE85CABFCC4" box="[886,988,771,794]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">N. atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0A17FCCE5CAFFCE3" baseAuthorityName="Zaddach" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[801,984,805,829]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandibularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0A17FCCE5CAFFCE3" box="[801,984,805,829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">N. mandibularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0D4DFCCE5D88FC81" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0D4DFCCE5D88FC81" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Quercus robur</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D0A01FCAC5CB1FC81" author="Green, A. J." box="[823,966,839,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refId="ref7194" refString="Green, A. J. 2023. Neurotoma mandibularis (Zaddach, 1865). In The Sawflies (Symphyta) of Britain and Ireland. https: // www. sawflies. org. uk / neurotoma-mandibularis / (accessed 6 August 2023)." type="url" year="2023">Green, 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), by the pale brown or olive head and the lack of black areas on the dorsal prothoracic shield in the late feeding instar and after maturation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BA962A230E6E3E7D0A99FC445B6DFC19" box="[943,1050,943,967]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[163,196,1375,1397]" captionTargetBox="[234,1141,214,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-136@2.[233,1143,213,1342]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1.ɹNeurotoma atrata on Q. serrata, photographed in Nakagawa by S. Ibuki in 2018 and 2019. — A, Nest containing three larvae, seen from above, May 3, 2018 (deformed after three days of rearing in a container); B, inside of nest, seen from below, remains of two egg shells arrowed, April 30, 2018; C–E, middle instar larva, April 30, 2018 (C, E) and May 8, 2019 (D); F–H, late instar larva, May 2 (F), May 3 (G) and May 4, 2018 (H); I, J, mature larva, May 7, 2018." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12572128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12572128/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Fig. 1F–J</figureCitation>
|
||
). The larva feeding on lSangsurinamuz (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0ADBFC395BF4FC34" box="[1005,1155,978,1002]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0ADBFC395B77FC37" box="[1005,1024,978,1001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Q</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0D27FC385BF4FC34" box="[1041,1155,979,1002]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">acutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) determined as l
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0A76FC1E5B2DFBD3" authority="(Takeuchi)" baseAuthorityName="Takeuchi" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[832,1114,1013,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oishii">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0A76FC1E5CADFBD3" box="[832,986,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Caliroa oishii</emphasis>
|
||
(Takeuchi)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
z (Tenthredinidae) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D0A75FBF35B41FBF1" author="Lee, B. - Y. & Y. - J. Chung" box="[835,1078,1047,1071]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refId="ref7445" refString="Lee, B. - Y. and Y. - J. Chung 1997. Insect pests of trees and shrubs in Korea. 10 + 459 pp. Seong An Dang Publish- ing Co., Seoul (in Korean)." type="book" year="1997">Lee and Chung (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is probably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0D8DFBF35C6EFB8C" authorityName="Shinohara" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coreana">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0D8DFBF35C6EFB8C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">N. coreana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because the photograph of the adult on the same page is probably this species. This larva is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0AA2FB6B5C83FB49" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1930" box="[916,1012,1152,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0AA2FB6B5C83FB49" box="[916,1012,1152,1175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">N. atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but differs from it in having the head and the lateral prothoracic shield nearly concolorous to the trunk. An undetermined pamphiliid larva on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0AC6FB035BF2FB21" box="[1008,1157,1255,1279]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mongolica">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0AC6FB035BF2FB21" box="[1008,1157,1255,1279]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Q. mongolica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
photographed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5ABA76360E6E3E7D0A08FAE15C08FAFF" box="[830,895,1290,1313]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="463C4B570E6E3E7D0A9CFAE15B47FAFC" author="Sohn, J. - C." box="[938,1072,1290,1314]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refId="ref8910" refString="Sohn, J. - C. 2006. [Larva of a pamphiliid sawfly feeding on the leaf of Quercus mongolica.] In [Pocketable Pic- torial Handbook of Larvae], p. 111. Hwangso Geoleum, Seoul (in Korean)." type="book" year="2006">Sohn (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is very similar to the middle instar larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0D1EFAC65BE6FA9A" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1930" box="[1064,1169,1325,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0D1EFAC65BE6FA9A" box="[1064,1169,1325,1348]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">N. atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BA962A230E6E3E7D0D9FFAC65C75FAB9" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[163,196,1375,1397]" captionTargetBox="[234,1141,214,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-136@2.[233,1143,213,1342]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1.ɹNeurotoma atrata on Q. serrata, photographed in Nakagawa by S. Ibuki in 2018 and 2019. — A, Nest containing three larvae, seen from above, May 3, 2018 (deformed after three days of rearing in a container); B, inside of nest, seen from below, remains of two egg shells arrowed, April 30, 2018; C–E, middle instar larva, April 30, 2018 (C, E) and May 8, 2019 (D); F–H, late instar larva, May 2 (F), May 3 (G) and May 4, 2018 (H); I, J, mature larva, May 7, 2018." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12572128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12572128/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Fig. 1C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
), though the last abdominal sternum of this Korean specimen has no blackish spot. This Korean larva may possibly belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0D5FFA7E5BBAFA72" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1930" box="[1129,1229,1429,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0D5FFA7E5BBAFA72" box="[1129,1229,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">N. atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in this case
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0A47FA535B73FA11" box="[881,1028,1463,1487]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mongolica">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0A47FA535B73FA11" box="[881,1028,1463,1487]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Q. mongolica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also a host plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5AD4D250E6E3E7D0BD6FA305C37FA2C" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1930" box="[736,832,1499,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Neurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D9EAB40E6E3E7D0BD6FA305C37FA2C" box="[736,832,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">N. atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |