221 lines
27 KiB
XML
221 lines
27 KiB
XML
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<mods:mods id="E28D8FCF55FD65680138B7AC3E0E0A3D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8D2BB72CDE8021C1EF48B290F5F92053">
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<mods:title id="D2A3A85A1D2350C7D904EEDFC7265D43">Sminthidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="FB4600C9AEF5A1AD06ADB9EBE37B0BA7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5DD5FB528C9B5E59CCA718CF1F580A13">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="62F4545B5B3FFD69214A8601A551369B">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7A7C692D51E2DAB6A787C6A3912E34F3">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BF9A49623EFD4846E0D00ABEBB15224F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="B22418E83FD734A9503869C05BF80A7A">2017</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="53FB4B57BB7A1B7E0994F712BDFC73A5" type="pubDate">2017-11-30</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="F1E4E7C5629DC919647E9C1E828D948A">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="9FE84FEDDAC3D3C42D9B04BC8A9644DC">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="FCB0E7B3D79C00AFFA376EF03E5E7826">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="6561A655FFBFFF8DFF00F945F61EB4A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6603432" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195708622" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6603432" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6561A655FFBFFF8DFF00F945F61EB4A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6561A655FFBFFF8DFF00F945F61EB4A6" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="A5D244C8FFBFFF8DFF00F945FF51BB13" box="[142,174,1775,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFF00F945FF51BB13" blockId="6.[141,1105,1775,1865]" box="[142,174,1775,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="B63FA02FFFBFFF8DFF00F945FF51BB13" box="[142,174,1775,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<figureCitation id="75F30BC6FFBFFF8DFF00F945FF51BB13" box="[142,174,1775,1821]" captionStart="Plate 1: Sminthidae" captionStartId="2.[140,170,3370,3391]" captionTargetBox="[19,2784,17,2696]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Long-tailed Birch Mouse (Sicista caudata), 2. Chinese Birch Mouse (Sicista concolor), 3. Tian Shan Birch Mouse (Suwcsta ttanshanica), 4. Caucasian Birch Mouse (Sucsta caucasica), 5. Kluchor Birch Mouse (Sicista kluchorica), 6. Kazbeg Birch Mouse (Sicista kazbegica), 7. Armenian Birch Mouse (Sicista armenica), 8. Altai Birch Mouse (Sicista napaea), 9. Gray Birch Mouse (Sicista pseudonapaea), 10. Northern Birch Mouse (Sicista betulina), 11. Strand’s Birch Mouse (Suwcista strandi), 12. Southern Birch Mouse (Sicista subtilis), 13. Hungarian Birch Mouse (Sucista trizona), 14. Nordmann’s Birch Mouse (Sicista loriger)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6603595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6603595/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">8.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A5D244C8FFBFFF8DFF33F945FDCCBB13" box="[189,563,1775,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFF33F945FDCCBB13" blockId="6.[141,1105,1775,1865]" box="[189,563,1775,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="B63FA02FFFBFFF8DFF33F945FDCCBB13" box="[189,563,1775,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<vernacularName id="63CB676DFFBFFF8DFF33F945FDCCBB13" box="[189,563,1775,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Altai Birch Mouse</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A5D244C8FFBFFF8DFDF6F945FC87BB13" box="[632,888,1775,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFDF6F945FC87BB13" blockId="6.[141,1105,1775,1865]" box="[632,888,1775,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="B63FA02FFFBFFF8DFDF6F945FC87BB13" box="[632,888,1775,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DFDF6F945FC87BB13" ID-CoL="4X727" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1912" box="[632,888,1775,1821]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Sicista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="napaea">
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<emphasis id="DFBCCB51FFBFFF8DFDF6F945FC87BB13" box="[632,888,1775,1821]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Sicista napaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A5D244C8FFBFFF8DFF00F885FBAFBB4A" box="[142,1104,1839,1860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFF00F885FBAFBB4A" blockId="6.[141,1105,1775,1865]" box="[142,1104,1839,1860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="B63FA02FFFBFFF8DFF00F885FBAFBB4A" box="[142,1104,1839,1860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="DFBCCB51FFBFFF8DFF00F885FF25BB4A" bold="true" box="[142,218,1839,1860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="63CB676DFFBFFF8DFF6CF885FE80BB4A" box="[226,383,1839,1860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Siciste de Altai</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="DFBCCB51FFBFFF8DFE1CF885FE13BB4A" bold="true" box="[402,492,1839,1860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="63CB676DFFBFFF8DFE78F885FCFCBB4A" box="[502,771,1839,1860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Nordliche Altai-Birkenmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="DFBCCB51FFBFFF8DFC96F885FC8CBB4A" bold="true" box="[792,883,1839,1860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="63CB676DFFBFFF8DFCF0F885FBAFBB4A" box="[894,1104,1839,1860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Raton listado de Altai</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A5D244C8FFBFFF8DFD7EF8D1FAC0BB9A" box="[752,1343,1915,1940]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFD7EF8D1FAC0BB9A" blockId="6.[752,1347,1915,2334]" box="[752,1343,1915,1940]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="DFBCCB51FFBFFF8DFD7EF8D1FC74BB9A" bold="true" box="[752,907,1915,1940]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DFC10F8D1FAC5BB9A" ID-CoL="4X727" authority="Hollister, 1912" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1912" box="[926,1338,1915,1940]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Sicista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="napaea">Sicista napaea Hollister, 1912</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A5D244C8FFBFFF8DFD7CF830FBDFBBED" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFD7CF830FBDFBBED" blockId="6.[752,1347,1915,2334]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<materialsCitation id="5DA01D1EFFBFFF8DFD7CF830FBE3BBED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3799836314" country="Russia" location="Tapucha" municipality="Altai Mountains" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Siberia">
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“
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<location id="E8174198FFBFFF8DFD71F830FC89BBB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6561A655FFBFFF8DFF00F945F61EB4A6:E8174198FFBFFF8DFD71F830FC89BBB5" box="[767,886,1946,1979]" country="Russia" municipality="Altai Mountains" name="Tapucha" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" stateProvince="Siberia">Tapucha</location>
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[= Topuchaya],
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<collectingMunicipality id="0D138D39FFBFFF8DFB05F830FCCCBBED" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Altai Mountains</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="2F0CD9A1FFBFFF8DFCCAF860FC57BBED" box="[836,936,1994,2019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Siberia</collectingRegion>
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,”
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<collectingCountry id="95DF57D3FFBFFF8DFC4DF860FBE3BBED" box="[963,1052,1994,2019]" name="Russia" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Russia</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A5D244C8FFBFFF8DFD7FF847FC1AB656" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFD7FF847FC1AB656" blockId="6.[752,1347,1915,2334]" lastBlockId="6.[141,1347,2340,3474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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Northern Species Group. In the opinion of B. S. Vinogradov in 1937, S.
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<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DFB69F7BEFABDB43F" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1912" box="[1255,1346,2068,2097]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Sicista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="napaea">napaea</taxonomicName>
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was similar in color to members of the Eastern Montane Species Group but possessed many characters that separated it from other species in that group, such as tail length and structure and dimensions of hindfoot. Although karyotype of S. napaea is similar to S.
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<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DFE2AF68EFE01B54B" authorityName="Formozov" authorityYear="1931" box="[420,510,2340,2373]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Sicista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strandi">strandi</taxonomicName>
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and S.
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<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DFDE7F68EFCE1B54B" authorityName="Strautman" authorityYear="1949" box="[617,798,2340,2373]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Sicista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudonapaea">pseudonapaea</taxonomicName>
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, unique morphology of glans penis of S.
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<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DFF3CF6E5FEF1B562" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1912" box="[178,270,2383,2412]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Sicista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="napaea">napaea</taxonomicName>
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supports its status as a valid species. Latest phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequences by T. Cserkész and colleagues in 2017 indicated that S.
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<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DFBA5F6D8FB78B59D" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1912" box="[1067,1159,2418,2451]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Sicista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="napaea">napaea</taxonomicName>
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is genetically close to S.
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<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DFEADF630FE76B5B5" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1779" box="[291,393,2458,2491]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Sicista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betulina">betulina</taxonomicName>
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and S.
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<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DFE7CF630FDB2B5B5" authorityName="Formozov" authorityYear="1931" box="[498,589,2458,2491]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Sicista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strandi">strandi</taxonomicName>
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. D. 1. Bibikov and I. I. Stogov in 1963 caught three individuals in Chingiz-Tau Mountains, an area isolated from distribution of the nominal subspecies; they described a new subspecies, tschingistauca, based on those specimens. No other study has confirmed the status of this named form, and its phylogenetic legitimacy requires further study. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A5D244C8FFBFFF8DFF00F5C8FEE4B713" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="multiple">
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<caption id="B9B747CBFFBFFF8DFF00F5C8FEE4B713" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6603577" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6603577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6603577/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[138,729,1919,2333]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFF00F5C8FDE2B671" blockId="6.[141,1347,2340,3474]" box="[142,541,2658,2687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="DFBCCB51FFBFFF8DFF00F5C8FDE2B671" bold="true" box="[142,541,2658,2687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFF01F520FE58B6C0" blockId="6.[141,1347,2340,3474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DFF01F520FE58B6C0" authority="Hollister, 1912" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Sicista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="napaea" subSpecies="napaea">S.n.napaeaHollister,1912—NW&WAltaiMts(EKazakhstan),AltaiRepublic,andSWSiberia(Russia).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFF01F57FFEE4B713" blockId="6.[141,1347,2340,3474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DFF01F57FFD27B6F8" authority="Bibikov & Stogov, 1963" authorityName="Bibikov & Stogov" authorityYear="1963" box="[143,728,2773,2806]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Sicista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="napaea" subSpecies="tschingistauca">S. n. tschingistauca Bibikov & Stogov, 1963</taxonomicName>
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— Chingiz-Tau Mts, Kazakh Uplands (E Kazakhstan).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A5D244C8FFBFFF8DFF00F48DF8E6BD9D" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFF00F48DF8E6BD9D" blockId="6.[141,1347,2340,3474]" lastBlockId="6.[1415,2626,291,2221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="DFBCCB51FFBFFF8DFF00F48DFE78B74A" bold="true" box="[142,391,2855,2884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 65-79 mm, tail 82-103 mm, ear 9-16 mm, hindfoot 16-20 mm; weight 9-19 g. The Altai Birch Mouse is one of the larger species of
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<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DFB7AF4E0FABDB765" box="[1268,1346,2890,2923]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Sicista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sicista</taxonomicName>
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relative to body size. Dorsum is grayish brown with yellow hue or reddish brown;fur is sometimes more intensely colored compared with other species of unicolored
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<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DFB65F433FAC5B7B4" box="[1259,1338,2969,3002]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Sicista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sicista</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Dorsum of tschingistauca is brownish gray without red tones; body size is similar to that of nominal subspecies. Venteris grayish white, often with pale yellow or rusty tinge. Sides of body and cheeks appear paler and brighter due to absence of black-tipped guard hairs. Hindfoot is ¢.22-25% of head-body length. Tail is somewhat short, c.130% of head-body length. Tail is bicolored, brownish above, and whitish below, and in some individuals, it appears almost unicolored. Condylobasal lengths are 18-19-5 mm, zygomatic breadths are 9-8-10-4 mm, interorbital breadths are 3-8—4-2 mm, and lengths of upper tooth rows are 3-2-3-6 mm. Diploid number is 2n = 42. External and cranial measurements were obtained from adults captured from north-western and western Altai Mountains, published by G. I. Shenbrot and colleagues in 1995 and 2008. Penile morphology was described by Vinogradov in 1925; glans penisis cylindrical and covered with many small, and several large, lateral spines arranged in two rows. The two most prominent lateral spines can be seen with the naked eye and aids in identification of adult males and unambiguous distinction between adult male Altai Birch Mice and Gray Birch Mice (S.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DF9D8FEDCF8F2BD9D" authorityName="Strautman" authorityYear="1949" box="[1622,1805,374,403]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Sicista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudonapaea">pseudonapaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5D244C8FFBFFF8DFA07FE33F670BF65" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFA07FE33F670BF65" blockId="6.[1415,2626,291,2221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFBCCB51FFBFFF8DFA07FE33FA07BDB4" bold="true" box="[1417,1528,409,442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Wide variety of lowland and upland open habitats. N. G. Shubin and N. G. Suchkova in 1970 and 1971 captured 357 specimens of Altai Birch Mice on left banks of the Anuy and Charysh rivers in coastal shrubland (peashrub,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DF6A2FE42F655BE07" box="[2348,2474,488,521]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Caragana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Caragana</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DF633FE42F5C2BE07" box="[2493,2621,488,521]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and meadowsweet,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DF913FDA5F8D0BE3E" box="[1693,1839,527,560]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Filipendula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Filipendula</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DF8CCFDA5F83BBE3E" box="[1858,1988,527,560]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and meadows and slopes of low mountains sparsely occupied by birch (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DF89DFD9DF897BE56" box="[1811,1896,567,600]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Betula</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DF8F7FD9DF7E7BE56" authorityName="S.F.Gray" authorityYear="1822" box="[1913,2072,567,600]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). A. A. Sludskiy and colleagues in 1977 stated that they occur at elevations of 400-2220 m along riverbanks and in foothill steppes to alpine meadows covered with forb-grass vegetation and bushes. Additional specimens were captured above the forest zone (above 2200 m) in an alpine meadow near a colony of marmots. Altai Birch Mouse can be common in steep alpine meadows with freestanding cedars, spruce (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DF8E7FCAEF851BF13" box="[1897,1966,772,797]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Picea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DF84EFCAEF7C0BF13" box="[1984,2111,772,797]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)birch forests, and subalpine meadows with shrubs and rocky outcrops and in tall grasslands; they are rare in birch-larch (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DFA1BFCE0FA21BF65" box="[1429,1502,842,875]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Larix</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DFA61FCE0F993BF65" box="[1519,1644,842,875]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) forests, upland birch forests, and in short-grass habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5D244C8FFBFFF8DFA07FCD0F6FDB807" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFA07FCD0F6FDB807" blockId="6.[1415,2626,291,2221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFBCCB51FFBFFF8DFA07FCD0F96BBF9D" bold="true" box="[1417,1684,890,915]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Diet of Altai Birch Mice consists of insects, seeds, and vegetative parts of plants. Shubin and Suchkova in 1975 reported that 23 stomach samples from the Soloneshnaya River Valley in July-August contained herb fragments (91:3% of total stomachs examined), seeds (82:6%), and insects (34-8%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5D244C8FFBFFF8DFA07FBBEF5D6B8A8" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFA07FBBEF5D6B8A8" blockId="6.[1415,2626,291,2221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFBCCB51FFBFFF8DFA07FBBEF9F0B83F" bold="true" box="[1417,1551,1044,1073]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding period of Altai Birch Mice begins at the end of June, continues through July, and ends during the first half of August. Onelitter per year is produced, with 1-6 young/litter (four on average). Some individuals can reproduce twice in a year, as evidenced by a single female that was simultaneously lactating and pregnant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5D244C8FFBFFF8DFA09FB07F5DDBA71" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFA09FB07F5DDBA71" blockId="6.[1415,2626,291,2221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFBCCB51FFBFFF8DFA09FB07F98FB8C0" bold="true" box="[1415,1648,1197,1230]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Altai Birch Mice are crepuscular and nocturnal. They are active c.4 months of the year and accumulate fat reserves in summer for use during hibernation, which lasts 7-5-8-5 months depending on climatic conditions. Shubin and Suchkova caught the first individuals on 18 May and the last one in early September. Altai Birch Mice are very sensitive to low temperatures. When an individual was captured in an alpine meadow on 22 July, it was torpid and immobile; researchers thought it had died from exposure to overnight low temperatures (2-3°C), but after being held in warm hands, the animal began to awaken and move about. Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC86CC0FFBFFF8DF771FA6AF6B2B9EF" box="[2303,2381,1472,1505]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Sicista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sicista</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known to enter this state in pitfall traps presumably to avoid damage from high or low temperatures and risk of desiccation, and they can quickly return to normal activity. It is likely that they aestivate during the active season, protecting themselves against extreme high or low ambient temperature fluctuations that are common in high mountains and semi-deserts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5D244C8FFBFFF8DFA06F92FF7A4BB65" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFA06F92FF7A4BB65" blockId="6.[1415,2626,291,2221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFBCCB51FFBFFF8DFA06F92FF7B5BAA8" bold="true" box="[1416,2122,1669,1702]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Altai Birch Mouse is probably solitary. Density can be high in suitable habitats and reports of low abundance in ideal habitat may reflect difficulty of capturing them with conventional methods. B. S. Yudin and colleagues in 1979 reported the Altai Birch Mouse to be one of most abundant small mammals in the Tigireksky Nature Reserve on northern extensions of the Tigireksky Range in the north-western Altai highland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5D244C8FFBFFF8DFA07F8D8F69AB43F" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFA07F8D8F69AB43F" blockId="6.[1415,2626,291,2221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFBCCB51FFBFFF8DFA07F8D8F921BB9D" bold="true" box="[1417,1758,1906,1939]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Populations ofAltai Birch Mice appearstable throughoutits distribution; however, its mountain habitats require protection. Several nature reserves have been established in the Altai Mountains, such as Katon-Karagay National Park in Kazakhstan and Tigireksky Nature Reserve and Golden Mountains of Altai UNESCO World Heritage Site in Russia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5D244C8FFBFFF8DFA07F7EAF61EB4A6" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED771743FFBFFF8DFA07F7EAF61EB4A6" blockId="6.[1415,2626,291,2221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFBCCB51FFBFFF8DFA07F7EAF9DEB457" bold="true" box="[1417,1569,2112,2137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Baskevich (2016), Bibikov & Stogov (1963), Cassola (2016a), Cserkész, Rusin et al. (2017), Gromov & Baranova (1981), Holden & Musser (2005), Kuznetsov (1965), Shenbrot et al. (1995, 2008), Shubin & Suchkova (1975), Sludskiy et al. (1977), Vinogradov (1925, 1937), Vozniychuk (2014), Yudin et al. (1979).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |