290 lines
40 KiB
XML
290 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="F5F77E3E1C46EF516D782DA5CDBF804D" ID-CLB-Dataset="5865" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3776.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fffc3d5c-425a-47ab-9bb5-c4e1e130ce3c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5047863" ID-ZooBank="20BC10E3-3C51-4EBB-A5BD-5E214595D3A7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623116601643" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="MAŠÁN, PETER & HALLIDAY, BRUCE" docDate="2014" docId="52084A62FF83FF8BFF23690F990FFD3F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03776p066.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3776 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3776.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Megalolaelaps Berlese 1892" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="AE31321AFFB2FFB9FFB46A229C14FF97" masterDocTitle="Review of the mite family Pachylaelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata)" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1699003767918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9F930C856E285276666CDC86B21C5EC0">
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<mods:title id="8A328BD59F1C67A410CF7DA6D03AF5AA">Review of the mite family Pachylaelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F6ED27C38C4C9ECCF15568EC7B68E95C">MAŠÁN, PETER</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F3C7BE07D3CC2E7C26BF8D5C4FE6670C">HALLIDAY, BRUCE</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3ECDCBD104307FDABB4C6F531081C133">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E5ACBB92BFFD1E652323A9F6C5F5F599">
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<mods:date id="593BA13BC9D73694E43B3804C9B6FF15">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4AC29C386B6CF9DB5E664DA85F2D069B">2014-03-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3C22AF788A185EFCE3D134C2D86E2231">3776</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="DD598825288B54FD183959BD93C867ED">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3776.1.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="52084A62FF83FF8BFF23690F990FFD3F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5073183" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183319517" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5073183" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52084A62FF83FF8BFF23690F990FFD3F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/52084A62FF83FF8BFF23690F990FFD3F" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="92BBA8FFFF83FF88FF23690F9F21FCD0" box="[151,821,813,839]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DA1EFB74FF83FF88FF23690F9F21FCD0" blockId="49.[151,821,813,839]" box="[151,821,813,839]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<heading id="81564C18FF83FF88FF23690F9F21FCD0" box="[151,821,813,839]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FF23690F9CF3FCD0" bold="true" box="[151,231,813,839]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Genus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FF5A690F9F21FCD0" authority="Berlese, 1892" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1892" box="[238,821,813,839]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" genus="Megalolaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FF5A690F9E5EFCD0" bold="true" box="[238,586,813,839]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FF5A690F9D8AFCD0" bold="true" box="[238,414,813,839]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Megalolaelaps</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FE11690F9E5EFCD0" author="Berlese, A." bookContentInfo="17 text pages + Plates 1 - 10" box="[421,586,813,839]" journalOrPublisher="Junk, The Hague" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" part="64" refId="ref38726" refString="Berlese, A. (1892 a) Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta, 64, 17 text pages + Plates 1 - 10. (Reprint by Junk, The Hague, 1979)." title="Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta" type="book" year="1892">Berlese, 1892</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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(Megalolaelapidae)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="92BBA8FFFF83FF88FF2369569884FC1D" box="[151,1168,884,906]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="DA1EFB74FF83FF88FF2369569884FC1D" blockId="49.[151,1168,884,906]" box="[151,1168,884,906]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FF2369569E87FC1D" authority="Berlese, 1892 c: 72" authorityName="Berlese" authorityPageNumber="72" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,659,884,906]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Megalolaelaps">
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FF2369569D34FC1D" box="[151,288,884,906]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FE9A69569DD0FC1D" box="[302,452,884,906]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Megalolaelaps</emphasis>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FE6769569E87FC1D" author="Berlese" box="[467,659,884,906]" firstAuthor="Berlese" page="72" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref38806" refString="Berlese, A. (1892 c) Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta. Ordo Mesostigmata (Gamasidae). (Sumptibus Auctoris, Patavii). 143 pp." type="book" year="1892" yearSuffix="c">Berlese, 1892c: 72</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="051A45D6FF83FF88FD2869569EDAFC1E" box="[668,718,884,905]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FC9169569898FC1D" authority="Berlese, 1888" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[805,1164,884,906]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haeros">
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FC9169569FECFC1D" box="[805,1016,884,906]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pachylaelaps haeros</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FC4A69569898FC1D" author="Berlese, A." bookContentInfo="17 text pages + Plates 1 - 10" box="[1022,1164,884,906]" journalOrPublisher="Junk, The Hague" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" part="51" refId="ref38645" refString="Berlese, A. (1888 a) Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta, 51, 17 text pages + Plates 1 - 10. (Reprint by Junk, The Hague, 1979)." title="Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta" type="book" year="1888">Berlese, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="92BBA8FFFF83FF8BFF236993990FFD3F" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="DA1EFB74FF83FF88FF236993992FFBA1" blockId="49.[151,1436,945,2014]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FF2369939CF5FC5D" bold="true" box="[151,225,945,970]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Notes.</emphasis>
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When
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<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FE8069939DFCFC5D" author="Berlese" box="[308,488,945,970]" firstAuthor="Berlese" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref38806" refString="Berlese, A. (1892 c) Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta. Ordo Mesostigmata (Gamasidae). (Sumptibus Auctoris, Patavii). 143 pp." type="book" year="1892" yearSuffix="c">Berlese (1892c)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FDD069939F1EFC5D" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1892" box="[612,778,945,970]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" genus="Megalolaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FDD069939F1EFC5D" box="[612,778,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Megalolaelaps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FC6B69939862FC5D" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[991,1142,945,970]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FC6B69939862FC5D" box="[991,1142,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pachylaelaps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, he included two species,
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<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FF2369F79E0CFC79" authority="Berlese, 1888" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,536,981,1006]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heros">
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FF2369F79D67FC79" box="[151,371,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pachylaelaps heros</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FEC869F79E0CFC79" author="Berlese, A." bookContentInfo="17 text pages + Plates 1 - 10" box="[380,536,981,1006]" journalOrPublisher="Junk, The Hague" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" part="51" refId="ref38645" refString="Berlese, A. (1888 a) Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta, 51, 17 text pages + Plates 1 - 10. (Reprint by Junk, The Hague, 1979)." title="Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta" type="book" year="1888">Berlese, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(sic, should be
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<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FD6469F79F0FFC79" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[720,795,981,1006]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haeros">
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FD6469F79F0FFC79" box="[720,795,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">haeros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FCEA69F79905FC79" authority="Berlese, 1888" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[862,1297,981,1006]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athleticus">
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FCEA69F7987FFC79" box="[862,1131,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pachylaelaps athleticus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FBC069F79905FC79" author="Berlese, A." bookContentInfo="17 text pages + Plates 1 - 10" box="[1140,1297,981,1006]" journalOrPublisher="Junk, The Hague" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" part="51" refId="ref38645" refString="Berlese, A. (1888 a) Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta, 51, 17 text pages + Plates 1 - 10. (Reprint by Junk, The Hague, 1979)." title="Acari, Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta" type="book" year="1888">Berlese, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but did not designate a
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<typeStatus id="051A45D6FF83FF88FEAF69D89D5FFB85" box="[283,331,1018,1042]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
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species. He also doubtfully included
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<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FD4469DB989FFB85" authority="(Duges)" baseAuthorityName="Duges" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[752,1163,1017,1042]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetragonoides">
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||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FD4469DB9833FB85" box="[752,1063,1017,1042]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pachylaelaps tetragonoides</emphasis>
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(Dugès)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FB2369D89945FB85" authority="(Duges)" baseAuthorityName="Duges" box="[1175,1361,1017,1042]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FB2369D898B1FB86" box="[1175,1189,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FB0769D898E4FB86" box="[1203,1264,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">gigas</emphasis>
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(Dugès)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FA3369D89D64FBA1" authority="(Audouin)" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="savignyi">
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FA3369D89981FB86" box="[1415,1429,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FF236E3C9CE0FBA2" box="[151,244,1054,1077]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">savignyi</emphasis>
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(Audouin)
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</taxonomicName>
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in this subgenus. Vitzthum (1942, page 761) designated
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<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FC586E3C9849FBA1" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[1004,1117,1053,1078]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haeros">
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||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FC586E3C9817FBA2" box="[1004,1027,1054,1077]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FBA66E3F9849FBA1" box="[1042,1117,1053,1078]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">haeros</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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as the
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<typeStatus id="051A45D6FF83FF88FB186E3C98C8FBA1" box="[1196,1244,1054,1078]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA1EFB74FF83FF88FF7D6E639DCDFAA5" blockId="49.[151,1436,945,2014]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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The original descriptions of
|
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<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FD906E609E88FBCD" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1888" box="[548,668,1089,1114]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" genus="Pachylaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haeros">
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FD906E609E2FFBCE" box="[548,571,1090,1113]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FDE56E639E88FBCD" box="[593,668,1089,1114]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">haeros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FD556E639F93FBCD" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1892" box="[737,903,1089,1114]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" genus="Megalolaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FD556E639F93FBCD" box="[737,903,1089,1114]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Megalolaelaps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are of limited value for species and genus recognition.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FE926E449DC1FBE9" author="Fonseca" box="[294,469,1125,1150]" firstAuthor="Fonseca" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="177 - 186" refId="ref40664" refString="Fonseca, F. (1946) Notas de acareologia. XXXV. Descricao do macho de Megalolaelaps immanis Berlese, 1910, e comentarios sobre a familia Pachylaelaptidae Vitzthum, 1931 (Acari). Livro de Homenagem a R. F. d'Almeida, 16, 177 - 186." type="journal article" year="1946">Fonseca (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a more useful re-description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FC066E479973FBE9" authority="Berlese, 1910" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1910" box="[946,1383,1125,1150]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" genus="Megalolaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immanis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FC066E4798D4FBEA" box="[946,1216,1125,1150]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Megalolaelaps immanis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FB7C6E479973FBE9" author="Berlese, A." box="[1224,1383,1125,1150]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="242 - 271" refId="ref38994" refString="Berlese, A. (1910 a) Lista di nuove specie e nuovi generi di Acari. Redia, 6, 242 - 271." type="journal article" year="1910">Berlese, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and also proposed the new monotypic family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FDD16EAB9F38FB35" box="[613,812,1161,1186]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Megalolaelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as Megalolaelaptidae) to accommodate this genus. We consider this action to be reasonable because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FD1E6E8C9F26FB52" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1910" box="[682,818,1198,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" genus="Megalolaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immanis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FD1E6E8C9ED5FB52" box="[682,705,1198,1221]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FD676E8C9F26FB52" box="[723,818,1198,1221]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">immanis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a combination of characters not observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FF236EF39D45FB7D" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,337,1233,1258]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pachylaelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These species are
|
||
<quantity id="1D595691FF83FF88FD876EF39E87FB7E" box="[563,659,1233,1258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and up to
|
||
<quantity id="1D595691FF83FF88FCE66EF39F82FB7E" box="[850,918,1233,1258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, so they are among the biggest known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FF236ED79D2CFA99" authorityName="G.Canestrini" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,312,1269,1294]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Mesostigmata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. More valuable information about
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FD7D6ED79F7BFA99" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1892" box="[713,879,1269,1294]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" genus="Megalolaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FD7D6ED79F7BFA99" box="[713,879,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Megalolaelaps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FB836ED7997EFA99" author="Gorirossi-Bourdeau" box="[1079,1386,1269,1294]" firstAuthor="Gorirossi-Bourdeau" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="357 - 362" refId="ref40974" refString="Gorirossi-Bourdeau, F. (1956) The gnathosoma of Megalolaelaps ornata (Acarina - Mesostigmata - Gamasides). The American Midland Naturalist, 55, 357 - 362. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422597" type="journal article" year="1956">Gorirossi-Bourdeau (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FF236F389DC1FAA5" author="Hennessey & Farrier" box="[151,469,1305,1330]" firstAuthor="Hennessey" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 123" refId="ref41547" refString="Hennessey, M. K. & Farrier, M. H. (1988) Systematic revision of thirty species of free-living, soil-inhabiting gamasine mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) of North America. Technical Bulletin, North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina, 285, 1 - 123." type="journal article" year="1988">Hennessey & Farrier (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA1EFB74FF83FF88FF7D6F1C991DF891" blockId="49.[151,1436,945,2014]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FF7D6F1C9D6EFAC1" author="Fonseca" box="[201,378,1341,1366]" firstAuthor="Fonseca" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="177 - 186" refId="ref40664" refString="Fonseca, F. (1946) Notas de acareologia. XXXV. Descricao do macho de Megalolaelaps immanis Berlese, 1910, e comentarios sobre a familia Pachylaelaptidae Vitzthum, 1931 (Acari). Livro de Homenagem a R. F. d'Almeida, 16, 177 - 186." type="journal article" year="1946">Fonseca (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FE3C6F1F9EAEFAC1" author="Gorirossi-Bourdeau" box="[392,698,1341,1366]" firstAuthor="Gorirossi-Bourdeau" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="357 - 362" refId="ref40974" refString="Gorirossi-Bourdeau, F. (1956) The gnathosoma of Megalolaelaps ornata (Acarina - Mesostigmata - Gamasides). The American Midland Naturalist, 55, 357 - 362. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422597" type="journal article" year="1956">Gorirossi-Bourdeau (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FD406F1C9821FAC1" author="Hennessey & Farrier" box="[756,1077,1341,1366]" firstAuthor="Hennessey" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 123" refId="ref41547" refString="Hennessey, M. K. & Farrier, M. H. (1988) Systematic revision of thirty species of free-living, soil-inhabiting gamasine mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) of North America. Technical Bulletin, North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina, 285, 1 - 123." type="journal article" year="1988">Hennessey & Farrier (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
redescribed and illustrated two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FEB96F439DA7FAED" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1892" box="[269,435,1377,1402]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" genus="Megalolaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FEB96F439DA7FAED" box="[269,435,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Megalolaelaps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which we derived the brief differential comparison between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FB116F439978FAED" box="[1189,1388,1377,1402]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Megalolaelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FF236FA79D59FA09" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,333,1413,1438]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pachylaelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FE406FA49EB3FA09" author="Fonseca" box="[500,679,1413,1438]" firstAuthor="Fonseca" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="177 - 186" refId="ref40664" refString="Fonseca, F. (1946) Notas de acareologia. XXXV. Descricao do macho de Megalolaelaps immanis Berlese, 1910, e comentarios sobre a familia Pachylaelaptidae Vitzthum, 1931 (Acari). Livro de Homenagem a R. F. d'Almeida, 16, 177 - 186." type="journal article" year="1946">Fonseca (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the female and male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FBFA6FA79974FA0A" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1910" box="[1102,1376,1413,1438]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" genus="Megalolaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immanis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FBFA6FA79974FA0A" box="[1102,1376,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Megalolaelaps immanis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FF236F8B9DDFFA55" author="Gorirossi-Bourdeau" box="[151,459,1449,1474]" firstAuthor="Gorirossi-Bourdeau" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="357 - 362" refId="ref40974" refString="Gorirossi-Bourdeau, F. (1956) The gnathosoma of Megalolaelaps ornata (Acarina - Mesostigmata - Gamasides). The American Midland Naturalist, 55, 357 - 362. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422597" type="journal article" year="1956">Gorirossi-Bourdeau (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FDBF6F889F47FA55" author="Hennessey & Farrier" box="[523,851,1449,1474]" firstAuthor="Hennessey" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 123" refId="ref41547" refString="Hennessey, M. K. & Farrier, M. H. (1988) Systematic revision of thirty species of free-living, soil-inhabiting gamasine mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) of North America. Technical Bulletin, North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina, 285, 1 - 123." type="journal article" year="1988">Hennessey & Farrier (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
redescribed the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FB206F8B9D52FA71" authority="(Keegan, 1946)" baseAuthorityName="Keegan" baseAuthorityYear="1946" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" genus="Megalolaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FB206F8B998FFA56" box="[1172,1435,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Megalolaelaps ornatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF83FF88FF2A6FEF9D29FA71" author="Keegan" box="[158,317,1485,1510]" firstAuthor="Keegan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="69 - 77" refId="ref42374" refString="Keegan, H. L. (1946) Six new mites of the superfamily Parasitoidea. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 65, 69 - 77." type="journal article" year="1946">Keegan, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gorirossi-Bourdeau only gnathosomal structures of the species). Females of these species can be easily separated based especially on the position of the metasternal lyrifissures, the form of the epigynal shield, and the form and size of the metapodal platelets. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FD666C349F45F9BA" baseAuthorityName="Keegan" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[722,849,1558,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" genus="Megalolaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FD666C349EFDF9BA" box="[722,745,1558,1581]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FD4F6C349F45F9BA" box="[763,849,1558,1581]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (1) the metasternal gland openings are unusually situated on the sternal shield; (2) the epigynal shield is pyriform, constricted between coxae IV and widened posteriorly, with the genital setae almost medially positioned on the shield; (3) the metapodal platelets are bacillate and inconspicuous in size. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FE5D6CA09E7BF90E" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1910" box="[489,623,1666,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" genus="Megalolaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immanis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FE5D6CA09E14F90E" box="[489,512,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF83FF88FDA46CA09E7BF90E" box="[528,623,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">immanis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (1) the metasternal gland openings are not placed on the sternal shield and the shield has the normal two pairs of lyrifissures; (2) the epigynal shield is irregular, subpentagonal, with the anterior portion more expanded than the narrow posterior part, concave on its posterior margin, with genital setae inserted closer to the lateral margins; (3) metapodal platelets are suboval and conspicuously enlarged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA1EFB74FF83FF8BFF7D6D339887FE3A" blockId="49.[151,1436,945,2014]" lastBlockId="50.[151,1436,151,680]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Both species possess the following specific character states that are not found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FBD66D33990FF8BD" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1913" box="[1122,1307,1809,1834]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pachylaelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and which could be considered as the main diagnostic characters for the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FC206D17984BF8D9" box="[916,1119,1845,1870]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Megalolaelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (1) ventral shield absent (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FF236D7B9D44F8E5" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,336,1881,1906]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pachylaelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the ventral shield bears at least one pair of ventral setae and is always developed, either as a part of the genitiventral or ventri-anal shield in females, or as a part of the holoventral or ventri-anal shield of males); (2) exopodal platelets are absent, so the inner margin of the peritremes is adjacent to the soft integument of the circum-coxal surface (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF83FF88FE0F6DE79E60F849" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1913" box="[443,628,1989,2014]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pachylaelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, exopodals are present, usually well developed and covering the soft integument of the intercoxal areas, closely abutting or fused to the peritrematal shield to form a well developed endopodal-exopodal-peritrematal shield complex); (3) the anal shield in the male is free (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF80FF8BFB006A9E9979FF42" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1913" box="[1204,1389,188,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pachylaelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the anal shield of males is always fused and incorporated into the holoventral or ventri-anal shield); (4) the spermatodactyl is long, tightly coiled, and inserted medially in the outer lateral surface of the movable digit (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF80FF8BFF236B059D44FED7" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,336,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pachylaelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the spermatodactyl is never tightly coiled); (5) the size of the three cheliceral segments exhibits sexual dimorphism, in which the cheliceral segments of the male are larger and more robust than those of the female (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF80FF8BFEA16B4D9DDAFE1F" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1913" box="[277,462,367,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pachylaelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the chelicerae of both sexes are similar in size); (6) the palp trochanter has a large, horn-like projection on the anteroventral surface, which does not occur in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF80FF8BFC616BB6989BFE3A" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1913" box="[981,1167,404,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pachylaelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA1EFB74FF80FF8BFF7D6B9A990FFD3F" blockId="50.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
In addition, there may be other characters in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF80FF8BFD546B959FB3FE47" box="[736,935,439,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Megalolaelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
which are considered as unusual or rarely developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF80FF8BFE866BFE9DFFFE62" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1913" box="[306,491,476,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pachylaelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for example: (1) metasternal setae inserted on soft integument, (2) hypertrichy of lateral and ventral soft integument, (3) epistome with anterior apex bifid, (4) palp apotele 2-tined. Unfortunately no information on the sperm access system or dorsal shield and leg setation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF80FF8BFBAD680698ABFDAA" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1892" box="[1049,1215,548,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" genus="Megalolaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF80FF8BFBAD680698ABFDAA" box="[1049,1215,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Megalolaelaps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is available in the published literature. It is not clear why some authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF80FF8BFCBB68659FD1FDF7" author="Vitzthum" box="[783,965,583,608]" firstAuthor="Vitzthum" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref45693" refString="Vitzthum, H. (1931) Resultats Scientifiques du Voyage aux Indes Orientales Neerlandaises. Acarinen. Memoires du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, Hors Serie, 3 (5), 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1931">Vitzthum, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF80FF8BFC61686598E4FDF7" author="Baker & Wharton" box="[981,1264,583,608]" firstAuthor="Baker" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref38536" refString="Baker, E. W. & Wharton, G. W. (1952) An Introduction to Acarology. Macmillan, New York, 465 pp." type="book" year="1952">Baker & Wharton, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF80FF8BFB4B686A9983FDF7" author="Krantz" box="[1279,1431,583,608]" firstAuthor="Krantz" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="139 - 226" refId="ref42639" refString="Krantz, G. W. (1965) A review of the genus Neopodocinum Oudemans 1902 (Acarina: Macrochelidae). Acarologia, 7, 139 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Krantz, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF80FF8BFF23684E9DD3FD12" author="Hennessey & Farrier" box="[151,455,620,645]" firstAuthor="Hennessey" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 123" refId="ref41547" refString="Hennessey, M. K. & Farrier, M. H. (1988) Systematic revision of thirty species of free-living, soil-inhabiting gamasine mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) of North America. Technical Bulletin, North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina, 285, 1 - 123." type="journal article" year="1988">Hennessey & Farrier, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) classified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF80FF8BFDFC684E9EFAFD12" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1892" box="[584,750,620,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" genus="Megalolaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF80FF8BFDFC684E9EFAFD12" box="[584,750,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Megalolaelaps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF80FF8BFC89684E9FE2FD12" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1913" box="[829,1014,620,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Pachylaelapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pachylaelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except spur-like setae pl1 and al1 on the tarsus II (in female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF80FF8BFE0E68B39E21FD3F" baseAuthorityName="Keegan" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[442,565,656,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Megalolaelapidae" genus="Megalolaelaps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF80FF8BFE0E68B39DC5FD3F" box="[442,465,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8D52766FF80FF8BFE6B68B39E21FD3F" box="[479,565,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">ornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which can also be found in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DA180F7FF80FF8BFC7668AD9903FD3F" authority="(Krantz, 1965)" baseAuthorityName="Krantz" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[962,1303,655,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Macrochelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Macrochelidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE308685FF80FF8BFBC368AD991AFD3F" author="Krantz" box="[1143,1294,655,680]" firstAuthor="Krantz" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="139 - 226" refId="ref42639" refString="Krantz, G. W. (1965) A review of the genus Neopodocinum Oudemans 1902 (Acarina: Macrochelidae). Acarologia, 7, 139 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Krantz, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |