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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6039721" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d2a18992-1e54-4c80-b28e-c14b052fe3e5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="133186503" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6039721" checkinTime="1504767858051" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ivan Löbl &amp; Arnaud Faille" docDate="2017" docId="463887F7FFB3C304243DFF5A29C1F9B3" docLanguage="en" docName="annalesZoologici.67.2.345-348.pdf" docOrigin="Annales Zoologici 67 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Toxidium cavicola Ivan Löbl &amp; Arnaud Faille 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="348" masterDocId="BA01FF8FFFB2C3072515FFAB2B54FF90" masterDocTitle="Toxidium Cavicola Sp. Nov., A New Cave Dwelling Malagasy Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="345" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" updateTime="1644526574164" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Toxidium Cavicola Sp. Nov., A New Cave Dwelling Malagasy Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ivan Löbl</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Arnaud Faille</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Annales Zoologici</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>67</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>345</mods:start>
<mods:end>348</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3161/00034541ANZ2017.67.2.011</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">d2a18992-1e54-4c80-b28e-c14b052fe3e5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">886670</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6039721" ID-GBIF-Taxon="133186503" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6039721" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:463887F7FFB3C304243DFF5A29C1F9B3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/463887F7FFB3C304243DFF5A29C1F9B3" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="348" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
<subSubSection box="[296,619,241,263]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="1.[296,619,241,294]" box="[296,619,241,263]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
<heading box="[296,619,241,263]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" reason="4">
<taxonomicName authority="Ivan Löbl &amp; Arnaud Faille, 2017" authorityName="Ivan Löbl &amp; Arnaud Faille" authorityYear="2017" box="[296,523,241,263]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Toxidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavicola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[296,523,241,263]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">Toxidium cavicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[531,619,242,263]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[373,542,272,294]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="1.[296,619,241,294]" box="[373,542,272,294]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
<heading box="[373,542,272,294]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" reason="4">
(
<figureCitation box="[381,481,272,294]" captionStart="Figures 1 – 2" captionStartId="1.[422,490,1884,1901]" captionText="Figures 1 – 2. Toaeidium caľicola sp. nov., habitus: (1) dorsal and (2) lateral views." pageId="1" pageNumber="346">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[493,535,272,294]" captionStart="Figures 3 – 6" captionStartId="2.[142,210,1857,1874]" captionTargetBox="[360,1249,760,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[327,1260,734,1841]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 3 – 6. Toaeidium caľicola. (3) median lobe in dorsal view, holotype, scale = 0.1 mm; (4, 5) ditto, aedeagus in dorsal and lateral views," httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/886672/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">3–6</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="346" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="1.[144,772,330,1035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1611942673" collectingDate="2016-10-29" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="A. Faille" country="Madagascar" elevation="161" latitude="-16.411266" location="Grotte Canyon" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="45.327415" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,357,334,356]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
<typeStatus box="[181,241,334,355]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus box="[372,474,334,356]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">Holotype</typeStatus>
♂:
<collectingCountry box="[523,663,334,356]" name="Madagascar" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
Namoroka
<collectingDate box="[180,290,365,387]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" value="2016-10-29">
<date box="[180,290,365,387]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" value="2016-10-29">29.X.2016</date>
</collectingDate>
/
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:463887F7FFB3C304243DFF5A29C1F9B3:CB4E603AFFB3C306242CFEC62AB5FE12" box="[313,481,365,386]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-16.411266" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="45.327415" name="Grotte Canyon" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">Grotte Canyon</location>
<geoCoordinate box="[489,618,365,387]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" precision="1" value="-16.411266">S16°24.676’</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[626,771,365,387]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" precision="1" value="45.327415">E045°19.645’</geoCoordinate>
z=
<elevation box="[173,239,396,418]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" unit="m" value="161.0">
<quantity box="[173,239,396,418]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" unit="m" value="161.0">161m</quantity>
</elevation>
–
<collectorName box="[267,363,396,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">A. Faille</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode box="[425,508,396,418]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">MNHN</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[144,772,330,1035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1611942674" collectionCode="MNHN, MHNG" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[181,300,427,448]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">Paratypes</typeStatus>
, 3♂♂,
<specimenCount box="[396,433,423,449]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same data as the
<typeStatus box="[673,771,427,449]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode box="[150,230,458,479]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">MNHN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[242,323,458,480]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">MHNG</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="347" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="1.[144,772,330,1035]" lastBlockId="1.[816,1445,180,1035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,332,488,509]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,325,488,509]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">Description</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Length
<quantity box="[426,584,488,510]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.135" metricValueMax="2.22" metricValueMin="2.05" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" unit="mm" value="2.135" valueMax="2.22" valueMin="2.05">2.05–2.22 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" metricValueMax="1.18" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" unit="mm" value="1.1099999999999999" valueMax="1.18" valueMin="1.04">1.04–1.18 mm</quantity>
. Head and body reddish-brown, abdomen, femora and tibiae not or slightly lighter than prevailing body surfaces, antennae, mouth-parts and tarsi usually distinctly lighter than body. Frons barely convex, very finely punctate, without impressions. Antennae with length ratio of antennomeres as
<date box="[526,590,673,695]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" value="2015-03">III 15</date>
:
<date box="[602,666,674,695]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" value="1917-04">IV 17</date>
:
<date box="[678,734,674,695]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" value="1922-05">V 22</date>
:
<date pageId="1" pageNumber="346" value="1920-06">VI 20</date>
:
<date box="[185,256,704,726]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" value="1924-07">VII 24</date>
:
<date box="[268,344,704,726]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" value="2015-08">VIII 15</date>
IX 21:
<date box="[428,483,704,726]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" value="1920-10">X 20</date>
:
<date box="[494,555,704,726]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" value="1923-11">XI 23</date>
(
<typeStatus box="[571,675,704,726]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">holotype</typeStatus>
). Pronotum with punctuation dense and very fine, visible at 30 times magnification, lateral margin striae visible in dorsal view, lateral contours appearing oblique in dorsal view, sinuate in lateral view. Minute point of scutellum exposed. Elytra each with basal striae joined to sutural and lateral striae; sutural striae subparallel, punctate; adsutural areas flat, slightly narrowed posterior level of scutellar tip, converging from elytral mid-length to apices; apical margins of elytra truncate. Elytral disc with punctuation consisting of two
<typeStatus box="[682,743,1013,1034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">types</typeStatus>
of punctures. Basal sixth, surfaces along sutural striae and lateral margins, and apical third to halves of elytra very fine punctate, with punctures barely visible at 40 times magnification. Surfaces posterior basal sixth with stripes of coarse and dense punctures; lateral stripe widest. Coarse punctures well delimited, to part about as large as puncture intervals. Lateral striae of elytra with several coarse punctures. Hypomera not microsculptured, with barely visible punctation. Mesoventrite flat, distinctly, densely punctate and bearing short pubescence on median area. Mesanepisterna with punctulate microsculpture. Metaventrite not microsculptured, lacking impressions or striae, in middle flat, very finely punctate. Submesocoxal lines triangular, with several coarse punctures; submesocoxal areas
<quantity box="[892,991,643,664]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
long, slightly longer than shortest intervals to metacoxae. Metanepisterna flat, narrowed anteriad, with straight, deep, groove-like suture. Metepimeron with sulcus at level of metanepisternal angle. Tibiae straight, metatibiae slightly shorter than metatarsi. Abdomen densely, very finely punctate, with punctulate microsculpture barely visible at 80 times magnification; sternite 1 with convex subcoxal striae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[816,1445,180,1035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
Male characters. Protarsomeres 1 to 3 weakly widened. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation box="[1056,1157,920,942]" captionStart="Figures 3 – 6" captionStartId="2.[142,210,1857,1874]" captionTargetBox="[360,1249,760,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[327,1260,734,1841]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 3 – 6. Toaeidium caľicola. (3) median lobe in dorsal view, holotype, scale = 0.1 mm; (4, 5) ditto, aedeagus in dorsal and lateral views," httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/886672/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">Figs 3–6</figureCitation>
)
<quantity box="[1173,1329,920,942]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.05" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" unit="mm" value="0.905" valueMax="0.91" valueMin="0.9">0.90–0.91 mm</quantity>
long. Median lobe weakly sclerotized, with apical process weakly narrowed apically and rounded at apex in dorsal view, curved and almost acute apex in lateral view.
</paragraph>
<caption box="[422,1167,1883,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
<paragraph blockId="1.[422,1167,1883,1902]" box="[422,1167,1883,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
Figures 1–2.
<taxonomicName authority="Ivan Löbl &amp; Arnaud Faille, 2017" authorityName="Ivan Löbl &amp; Arnaud Faille" authorityYear="2017" box="[537,723,1884,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Toaeidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calicola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[537,723,1884,1901]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">Toaeidium caľicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[728,799,1885,1901]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, habitus: (1) dorsal and (2) lateral views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="2.[144,772,180,600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Parameres strongly sclerotized, almost evenly narrow from bases and to apical section, at apices distinctly narrowed in dorsal view; arcuate and evenly narrow to mid-length, from mid-length narrowed apically. Internal sac with ejaculatory ductus wide, bearing striate structures in apical section, X-shaped subapical sclerite and apical membranous vesicle (position in not extruded internal sac).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="347" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="2.[144,772,180,600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,310,425,447]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Etymology</emphasis>
. The species epithet is a noun, meaning living in cave.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="347" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="2.[144,772,180,600]" lastBlockId="2.[816,1444,180,600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,303,486,507]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Lobl, I. &amp; R. A. B. Leschen" box="[320,584,486,509]" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, series A" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" pagination="71 - 93" part="18" refString="Lobl, I. and R. A. B. Leschen. 2010. Notes on the Toaeidium group (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae). Folia Heyrovskyana, series A, 18: 71 - 93." title="Notes on the Toaeidium group (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae)" type="journal article" year="2010">Löbl &amp; Leschen (2010)</bibRefCitation>
recognized five Malagasy species of
<emphasis box="[415,543,517,538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Toaeidium</emphasis>
, one of which is presently undescribed, due to the absence of male specimens.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ivan Löbl &amp; Arnaud Faille" authorityYear="2017" box="[277,516,579,600]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Toaeidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calicola">
<emphasis box="[277,516,579,600]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Toaeidium caľicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be readily distinguished from two of those described species,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">T. rufonotatum</emphasis>
Pic, 1915 and
<taxonomicName authority="Lobl &amp; Leschen, 2015" authorityName="Lobl &amp; Leschen" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Toaeidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janaki">
<emphasis box="[1113,1236,211,232]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">T. janaki</emphasis>
Löbl &amp; Leschen, 2015
</taxonomicName>
, by its unicolorour elytra, and from all describ- ed Malagasy species by the large submesocoxal areas (being about as long as halves of the shortest interval between submesocoxal lines and metacoxae). The elytral punctation of the new species is also diagnostic. Unlike in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ivan Löbl &amp; Arnaud Faille" authorityYear="2017" box="[1011,1150,395,416]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Toaeidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calicola">
<emphasis box="[1011,1150,395,416]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">T. caľicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the four described Malagasy species have elytra uniformly punctate, while the undescribed “species 1” has a lateral patch of coarse punctures on each elytron. The aedeagal parameres are strongly curved in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ivan Löbl &amp; Arnaud Faille" authorityYear="2017" box="[1081,1221,517,539]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Toaeidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calicola">
<emphasis box="[1081,1221,517,539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">T. caľicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, similar with those in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lobl &amp; Leschen" authorityYear="2015" box="[848,966,548,570]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Toaeidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janaki">
<emphasis box="[848,966,548,570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">T. janaki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while the characters of the internal sac suggest relationship with
<emphasis box="[1113,1306,579,600]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">T. rufonotatum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption box="[142,1443,1856,1875]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/886672/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" targetBox="[360,1249,760,1835]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[142,1443,1856,1900]" box="[142,1443,1856,1875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">
Figures 3–6.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ivan Löbl &amp; Arnaud Faille" authorityYear="2017" box="[261,448,1857,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Toaeidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calicola">
<emphasis box="[261,448,1857,1874]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Toaeidium caľicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (3) median lobe in dorsal view, holotype, scale = 0.1 mm; (4, 5) ditto, aedeagus in dorsal and lateral views,
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="2.[142,1443,1856,1900]" box="[334,1251,1881,1900]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">
<typeStatus box="[334,414,1883,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">paratype</typeStatus>
with extruded internal sac, scale =
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; (6) ditto, internal sac,
<typeStatus box="[1016,1098,1883,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">paratype</typeStatus>
, scale =
<quantity box="[1181,1247,1883,1900]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption box="[144,1445,707,726]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/886674/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" targetBox="[143,1445,177,683]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph blockId="3.[144,1445,707,726]" box="[144,1445,707,726]" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">Figures 7–8. (7) Tsingy de Namoroka, drone’s view showing the steep-sided canyons (photo: S. Gilson), (8) Namoroka, entrance of the Canyon’s cave.</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="348" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="3.[144,772,842,1571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,323,842,864]" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,315,842,863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">Discussion</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Ivan Löbl &amp; Arnaud Faille, 2017" authorityName="Ivan Löbl &amp; Arnaud Faille" authorityYear="2017" box="[331,571,843,864]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Toaeidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calicola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[331,571,843,864]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">Toaeidium caľicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[579,669,843,864]" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was collected in a cave located in the northern part ot the Tsingy de Namoroka National Park, ca.
<quantity box="[616,688,904,926]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
Southeast of Soalala. These remarkable geological formations are isolated and they host a remarkable biodiversity (
<bibRefCitation author="Allorge, L. &amp; T. Haevermans" bookContentInfo="160 p." box="[205,547,996,1018]" journalOrPublisher="Museum national d'Histoire naturelle and Editions Privat, Paris" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" refString="Allorge, L. and T. Haevermans (eds.). 2015. Namoroka, Mission a Madagascar, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle and Editions Privat, Paris, 160 p." title="Namoroka, Mission a Madagascar" type="book" year="2015">Allorge &amp; Haevermans 2015</bibRefCitation>
). The new species was discovered during the 2016 expedition organized by
<collectionCode box="[184,259,1058,1079]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">MNHN</collectionCode>
in Namoroka, which was focusing on the exploration of the northern part of the Tsingy. The Canyon cave is located in a remote area of the massif, on the side of a deep canyon crossing the Tsingy (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7 – 8" captionStartId="3.[144,211,708,725]" captionTargetBox="[143,1445,177,683]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[794,1445,177,683]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 7 – 8. (7) Tsingy de Namoroka, drone’s view showing the steep-sided canyons (photo: S. Gilson), (8) Namoroka, entrance of the Canyon’s cave." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/886674/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">Figs 7, 8</figureCitation>
). It is a large cave with various underground passages, ending by a narrow joint. This is in the deepest part of this cave that
<taxonomicName authority="Ivan Löbl &amp; Arnaud Faille, 2017" authorityName="Ivan Löbl &amp; Arnaud Faille" authorityYear="2017" box="[388,626,1242,1263]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Toaeidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calicola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[388,626,1242,1263]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">Toaeidium caľicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[632,720,1242,1263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was collected under stones and walking on the ground, together with various troglobites among which Opiliones, Spiders,
<taxonomicName box="[334,456,1334,1356]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[470,598,1334,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Reduviidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1839" box="[669,767,1334,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cixiidae</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis box="[144,504,1365,1386]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">Tflphlobriaeia namorokensis</emphasis>
Synave, 1953,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Blattodea</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bolívar" authorityYear="1892" box="[192,336,1396,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Nocticolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nocticolidae</taxonomicName>
, as well as a new species of rove beetle (
<taxonomicName box="[192,354,1426,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Staphylinidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1821" box="[370,502,1426,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Paederinae">Paederinae</taxonomicName>
) under study. By contrast, the Thai species
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lobl" authorityYear="1990" box="[415,716,1457,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Bironium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophilum">
<emphasis box="[415,716,1457,1479]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">Bironium troglophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in large numbers on a cave wall, not on the ground as was
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ivan Löbl &amp; Arnaud Faille" authorityYear="2017" box="[321,461,1518,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Toaeidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calicola">
<emphasis box="[321,461,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">T. caľicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but exact diet and nature of their ecology requires further observation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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