treatments-xml/data/11/79/21/11792157B318714C889721439097FE23.xml

<document id="8D5B5A036CAD87E5058F298842BEA5D1" ID-CLB-Dataset="29431" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4482.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34031c5e-d6b9-46c0-b2eb-1e4cd0edb935" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1440488" ID-ZooBank="2193C3BE-6D10-4DAE-9A06-85B875D28E6D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538373820111" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Carballo, Jose Luis, Bautista-Guerrero, Eric &amp; Cruz-Barraza, Jose Antonio" docDate="2018" docId="11792157B318714C889721439097FE23" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4482.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4482 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Axinella nayaritensis Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="122" masterDocId="ED40592FB31B7147880022699157FFF3" masterDocTitle="Description and molecular phylogeny of Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. (Porifera: Axinellida) from East Pacific and remarks about the polyphyly of the genus Axinella" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="111" pageNumber="114" updateTime="1698559203783" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="1496C06B320EBBE9DEC14DDB968BABE3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="21D82A719A90FBFDE175A1DB8A979DB9">
<mods:title id="C1C07ADF8526F07F2E13E556F9B77C71">Description and molecular phylogeny of Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. (Porifera: Axinellida) from East Pacific and remarks about the polyphyly of the genus Axinella</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C9450B713DBAAAD50632E85361D3FA92" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D12335BF4DA8FC96EC7B5F2883740EB7">
<mods:roleTerm id="0F4553269B269F6BEA9B8C5D709A921B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2646A9B3668BB6FDC4FABA37D164CA7D">Carballo, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="882AECF33FB7F3B321FD76F5A2769F4F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C4D333C65B170124D9E824FB9223A21E">
<mods:roleTerm id="FFBC86A762F2977D7B9C966EEAC542A9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D40073F3FF0A7B3A91C51A0DA9D67F14">Bautista-Guerrero, Eric</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="20C26A24D1C6F2FB5B409535FC9B212F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="936FF21D9750BF5178BC0564DC9421C2">
<mods:roleTerm id="487A45E168786CC488F009B8EEED1B43">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="86812A66E04AEC83CBDCE3271B9FCD86">Cruz-Barraza, Jose Antonio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="6B066556088FBC60ACEBB0768A149431">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="5B1DA1EE7EB68B2483038931D26A5A0E" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="2DCC1A4E37E43253ECC581293BA7038A">
<mods:title id="50ECE4F2A81C12E9EE838C30D08382F0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9CCF5817D5BE5EAF5EC9B020EDA0C93C">
<mods:date id="26078F520FD99C243D6FF16BAD408E87">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1FF6C1999304BF2C4885ECB43DE17D72" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="CE1CC07B65BB84F481AA1E30C24DA512">2018-09-17</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9547AB551A805DBE5D8B6DE3D3033535" type="volume">
<mods:number id="79069BB4F32D1387069FB5DD1A077119">4482</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="B51DD23F163D88B773679E14CB7E74D4" type="issue">
<mods:number id="ADD3B5CC24015E550FB45793EEACE217">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="254AC8837EF50D635FCD76F78425C90D" unit="page">
<mods:start id="7F4B913207C20365536C6C8F97612A68">111</mods:start>
<mods:end id="E033592EE28E9E33F5F2DE8F32F13FFD">124</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="1EDF896E18A57797C8427823000A5173">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D4D863B78EB34D625824965F13283AD4" type="CLB-Dataset">29431</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="530ECEFED503F6EA98319A5208F8F326" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4482.1.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E4DEF06DCC7F4526128C8DB71FD25146" type="GBIF-Dataset">34031c5e-d6b9-46c0-b2eb-1e4cd0edb935</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="96475495F8725ED24FFA36126B6905AA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A57B7ECD9A39265FB428A82B99833FCC" type="Zenodo-Dep">1440488</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E331CEC3616B7B889F15EC37FFDBBE62" type="ZooBank">2193C3BE-6D10-4DAE-9A06-85B875D28E6D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="11792157B318714C889721439097FE23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5979224" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148421511" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5979224" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:11792157B318714C889721439097FE23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/11792157B318714C889721439097FE23" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
<subSubSection id="D1CAC3CAB31871448897214390B6FCB7" box="[151,481,810,836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="996F9041B31871448897214390B6FCB7" blockId="3.[151,481,810,836]" box="[151,481,810,836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
<heading id="C227272DB31871448897214390B6FCB7" bold="true" box="[151,481,810,836]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" reason="1">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31871448897214390B6FCB7" bold="true" box="[151,481,810,836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31871448897214390CFFCB7" ID-CoL="K3VC" authority="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza, 2018" authorityName="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,408,810,836]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nayaritensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31871448897214390CFFCB7" bold="true" box="[151,408,810,836]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Axinella nayaritensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B097F128B3187144899E214390B6FCB7" box="[414,481,810,836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1CAC3CAB31871448897211893B7FC21" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="996F9041B31871448897211893B7FC21" blockId="3.[151,1437,881,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B3187144889721189049FC79" bold="true" box="[151,286,881,906]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after the state of 
<collectingRegion id="5B145EA3B31871448ADB21189278FC79" box="[731,815,881,906]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
(Mexican Pacific), the first area where the species was found. 
<collectingRegion id="5B145EA3B318714488E621FC906DFC5D" box="[230,314,917,942]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
was the name of one of the most famous King of the Cora people that lived in this state in the past. 
<collectingRegion id="5B145EA3B3187144889721D091BCFC21" box="[151,235,953,978]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
means that is ‘between the sun and the sky’.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1CAC3CAB318714488C721B491ADFB59" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="996F9041B318714488C721B491ADFB59" blockId="3.[151,1437,881,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
<materialsCitation id="29B89A1CB318714488C721B4930DFBE9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889568" collectingDate="1999-11-21" county="Material" elevation="24" latitude="21.849722" location="Isabel" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-105.87945" municipality="Las Monas" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nayarit" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B318714488C721B490ECFC05" bold="true" box="[199,443,989,1014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
<collectingCounty id="700EE8CDB318714488C721B49078FC05" box="[199,303,989,1014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Material</collectingCounty>
examined:
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="466B2EE3B318714489CA21B49360FC05" box="[458,567,989,1014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: LEB-ICML-UNAM-61, 
<collectingMunicipality id="790B0A3BB31871448B6821B792B8FC06" box="[872,1007,990,1013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Las Monas</collectingMunicipality>
, isla 
<location id="9C0FC69AB31871448C3921B4952BFC05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:11792157B318714C889721439097FE23:9C0FC69AB31871448C3921B4952BFC05" box="[1081,1148,989,1014]" county="Material" latitude="21.849722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-105.87945" municipality="Las Monas" name="Isabel" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" stateProvince="Nayarit">Isabel</location>
(
<collectingRegion id="5B145EA3B31871448C9221B495BBFC05" box="[1170,1260,989,1014]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
), 
<geoCoordinate id="FCE4F686B31871448D0821B494C0FC05" box="[1288,1431,989,1014]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" precision="15" value="21.849722">21°50’59’’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FCE4F686B318714488972668906FFBE9" box="[151,312,1025,1050]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" precision="15" value="-105.87945">105°52’46’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="12FD7772B31871448946266B90D5FBEA" box="[326,386,1026,1050]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="24.0">
<quantity id="5E283DA4B31871448946266B90D5FBEA" box="[326,386,1026,1050]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="24.0">24 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth, 
<collectingDate id="FD2A4F69B318714489D9266B930DFBE9" box="[473,602,1026,1050]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" value="1999-11-21">
<date id="ED6EB681B318714489D9266B930DFBE9" box="[473,602,1026,1050]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" value="1999-11-21">11/21/1999</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="29B89A1CB31871448A68266B9303FBCD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889566" collectingDate="2002-05-10" elevation="25" latitude="20.73139" location="Tecuchitan" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-105.412224" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nayarit" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="466B2EE3B31871448A68266B938DFBE9" box="[616,730,1026,1050]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: LEB-ICML-UNAM-581, 
<location id="9C0FC69AB31871448C0D266895DFFBE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:11792157B318714C889721439097FE23:9C0FC69AB31871448C0D266895DFFBE9" box="[1037,1160,1025,1050]" latitude="20.73139" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-105.412224" name="Tecuchitan" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" stateProvince="Nayarit">Tecuchitán</location>
(
<collectingRegion id="5B145EA3B31871448C99266895A4FBE9" box="[1177,1267,1025,1050]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
), 
<geoCoordinate id="FCE4F686B31871448D08266894CFFBE9" box="[1288,1432,1025,1050]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" precision="15" value="20.73139">20°43’53’’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FCE4F686B31871448897264C906FFBCD" box="[151,312,1061,1086]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" precision="15" value="-105.412224">105°24’44’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="12FD7772B31871448944264C902AFBCE" box="[324,381,1061,1086]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="25.0">
<quantity id="5E283DA4B31871448944264C902AFBCE" box="[324,381,1061,1086]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth, 
<collectingDate id="FD2A4F69B318714489D1264C9303FBCD" box="[465,596,1061,1086]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" value="2002-05-10">
<date id="ED6EB681B318714489D1264C9303FBCD" box="[465,596,1061,1086]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" value="2002-05-10">10/05/2002</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="29B89A1CB31871448A5F264C90CEFB91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889565" collectingDate="2003-12-06" elevation="7" latitude="21.165833" location="Nayarit" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-105.22723" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nayarit" typeStatus="paratype">
LEB-ICML-UNAM-866, Chacala (
<collectingRegion id="5B145EA3B31871448BED264C9510FBCD" box="[1005,1095,1061,1086]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
), 
<geoCoordinate id="FCE4F686B31871448C5A264C95BDFBCD" box="[1114,1258,1061,1086]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" precision="15" value="21.165833">21°09’57’’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FCE4F686B31871448CF6264C94CFFBCD" box="[1270,1432,1061,1086]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" precision="15" value="-105.22723">105°13’38’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="12FD7772B3187144889726239195FB92" box="[151,194,1098,1121]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="7.0">
<quantity id="5E283DA4B3187144889726239195FB92" box="[151,194,1098,1121]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth, 
<collectingDate id="FD2A4F69B31871448916262090CEFB91" box="[278,409,1097,1122]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" value="2003-12-06">
<date id="ED6EB681B31871448916262090CEFB91" box="[278,409,1097,1122]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" value="2003-12-06">06/12/2003</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="29B89A1CB318714489A4262390FEFB75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889564" collectingDate="2003-12-10" elevation="21" latitude="21.855833" location="Nayarit" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-105.892494" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nayarit" typeStatus="paratype">
LEB-ICML-UNAM-1003, Cerro Pelón, isla Isabel (
<collectingRegion id="5B145EA3B31871448BED26209510FB91" box="[1005,1095,1097,1122]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
), 
<geoCoordinate id="FCE4F686B31871448C5A262095BDFB91" box="[1114,1258,1097,1122]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" precision="15" value="21.855833">21°51’21’’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FCE4F686B31871448CF6262094C0FB91" box="[1270,1431,1097,1122]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" precision="15" value="-105.892494">105°53’33’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="5E283DA4B3187144889726079186FB76" box="[151,209,1134,1158]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="21.0">
<elevation id="12FD7772B3187144889726079186FB76" box="[151,209,1134,1158]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="21.0">21 m</elevation>
</quantity>
depth, 
<collectingDate id="FD2A4F69B31871448926260790FEFB75" box="[294,425,1134,1158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" value="2003-12-10">
<date id="ED6EB681B31871448926260790FEFB75" box="[294,425,1134,1158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" value="2003-12-10">10/12/2003</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="29B89A1CB318714489B5260491A1FB59" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889567" collectingDate="2003-12-07" collectorName="El Bajo" elevation="7" latitude="15.671111" location="Oaxaca" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-96.46972" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="paratype">
LEB-ICML-UNAM-1095, 
<collectorName id="3425F597B31871448AE826049269FB75" box="[744,830,1133,1158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">El Bajo</collectorName>
(
<collectingRegion id="5B145EA3B31871448B4E260792F0FB75" box="[846,935,1134,1158]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
), 
<geoCoordinate id="FCE4F686B31871448BBC2604951CFB75" box="[956,1099,1133,1158]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" precision="15" value="15.671111">15°40’16’’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FCE4F686B31871448C58260495BDFB75" box="[1112,1258,1133,1158]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" precision="15" value="-96.46972">96°28’11’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="12FD7772B31871448CF726079474FB76" box="[1271,1315,1134,1157]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="7.0">
<quantity id="5E283DA4B31871448CF726079474FB76" box="[1271,1315,1134,1157]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth, 
<collectingDate id="FD2A4F69B31871448D78260791A1FB59" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" value="2003-12-07">
<date id="ED6EB681B31871448D78260791A1FB59" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" value="2003-12-07">07/ 12/2003</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1CAC3CAB318714388C726DC93ABFF27" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" type="description">
<paragraph id="996F9041B318714488C726DC93CDF9A9" blockId="3.[151,1437,881,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B318714488C726DC900CFB3D" bold="true" box="[199,347,1205,1230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Description:</emphasis>
The 
<typeStatus id="466B2EE3B3187144899326DC90A2FB3D" box="[403,501,1205,1230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is an erect branched sponge, with numerous cylindrical branches in different planes and fused for most of their length (
<figureCitation id="01EB8CC4B31871448A3226B093D8FB01" box="[562,655,1241,1266]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,265,1667]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. in situ at isla Isabel. A) Holotype at 24 m depth. Black arrows show oscules, and white arrows subectosomic canals. B), C, D) different growth forms and stages of growth (white arrows) found between 21 and 25 m depth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440492/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). It measures 
<quantity id="5E283DA4B31871448B3326B3922DFB02" box="[819,890,1242,1266]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" unit="cm" value="17.0">17 cm</quantity>
high 
<date id="ED6EB681B31871448BC026B392A3FB01" box="[960,1012,1242,1266]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" value="1918-10">
x 
<quantity id="5E283DA4B31871448BD826B392A3FB01" box="[984,1012,1242,1266]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" unit="cm" value="18.0">18</quantity>
</date>
cm wide (from side to side). Young specimens can vary from simply branched, or only bifurcated at the end, to individuals with several branches mostly fused, or almost coalescent for most of their length (
<figureCitation id="01EB8CC4B31871448B3C2748929DFAC9" box="[828,970,1313,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,265,1667]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. in situ at isla Isabel. A) Holotype at 24 m depth. Black arrows show oscules, and white arrows subectosomic canals. B), C, D) different growth forms and stages of growth (white arrows) found between 21 and 25 m depth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440492/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Fig. 2B,C,D</figureCitation>
). It has been also observed specimens up to 
<quantity id="5E283DA4B318714488B3272C91AFFAAE" box="[179,248,1349,1374]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
in high with only three or four erect branches. The branches are not flexible, and they measure from 
<quantity id="5E283DA4B31871448D5D272C91B3FA72" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" unit="cm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5 to 1.8 cm</quantity>
in diameter. They are generally tapering and fused for part of their length. Stem is cylindrical, of the same diameter as the branches or slightly wider, and sometimes expanded below as a woody base. Aquiferous system is superficial and conspicuous, formed by a system of surface canals and meandering ridges which run around the branches (
<figureCitation id="01EB8CC4B3187144890B27BC9028FA1D" box="[267,383,1493,1518]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[217,1337,981,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[217,1337,981,1877]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. Dry specimen collected from Nayarit A) Preserved specimen where the ectosomal membrane is collapsed. B) Detail of a branch of A) where is clearly observable the ridge surface and the subectosomic canals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440494/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Fig. 3A,B</figureCitation>
). A dermal membrane covers the surface of the sponges, where oscules, slightly elevated are visible (see arrows in 
<figureCitation id="01EB8CC4B3187144899C279090AEF9E1" box="[412,505,1529,1554]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,265,1667]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. in situ at isla Isabel. A) Holotype at 24 m depth. Black arrows show oscules, and white arrows subectosomic canals. B), C, D) different growth forms and stages of growth (white arrows) found between 21 and 25 m depth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440492/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). The sponge surface is irregularly convoluted and corrugated (
<figureCitation id="01EB8CC4B31871448CE12790940FF9E1" box="[1249,1368,1529,1554]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[217,1337,981,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[217,1337,981,1877]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. Dry specimen collected from Nayarit A) Preserved specimen where the ectosomal membrane is collapsed. B) Detail of a branch of A) where is clearly observable the ridge surface and the subectosomic canals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440494/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Fig. 3A,B</figureCitation>
). The consistency is stiff and very difficult to tear. The colour in life is orange, turning brown in alcohol. It characteristically dyes dark orange in alcohol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="996F9041B318714488C7240C90AEF8FD" blockId="3.[151,1437,881,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B318714488C7240C9060F98D" bold="true" box="[199,311,1637,1662]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Skeleton:</emphasis>
In cross section is observed a dense central axial condensation which forms a reticulated skeleton from which radiates to the surface an extra axial plumoreticulated skeleton (
<figureCitation id="01EB8CC4B31871448BFE24E0950DF951" box="[1022,1114,1673,1698]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[173,1417,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1417,193,1902]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. skeleton of a branch to SEM. A) Cross section where is clearly distinguishable a dense central axial condensation skeleton from which radiate to the surface an extra axial plumoreticulated skeleton. B) Detail of the area of transition to central axial condensation and the plumoreticulated area. C) Extra axial skeleton in the sponge surface where can be observable spicule brushes (D, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440496/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). The extra axial skeleton is interconnected by scattered spicules or fibers in a reticulated pattern (
<figureCitation id="01EB8CC4B31871448BBF24C4954DF935" box="[959,1050,1709,1734]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[173,1417,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1417,193,1902]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. skeleton of a branch to SEM. A) Cross section where is clearly distinguishable a dense central axial condensation skeleton from which radiate to the surface an extra axial plumoreticulated skeleton. B) Detail of the area of transition to central axial condensation and the plumoreticulated area. C) Extra axial skeleton in the sponge surface where can be observable spicule brushes (D, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440496/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Extra axial megascleres usually protrude through the surface where sometimes they form fan-shaped spicule brushes, whose tips also project beyond the surface (
<figureCitation id="01EB8CC4B3187144897A249C90BAF8FD" box="[378,493,1781,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[173,1417,194,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1417,193,1902]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. skeleton of a branch to SEM. A) Cross section where is clearly distinguishable a dense central axial condensation skeleton from which radiate to the surface an extra axial plumoreticulated skeleton. B) Detail of the area of transition to central axial condensation and the plumoreticulated area. C) Extra axial skeleton in the sponge surface where can be observable spicule brushes (D, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440496/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Fig. 4D,E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="996F9041B318714488C7257094CBF8A5" blockId="3.[151,1437,881,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
The spicules are oxeas (from 185 to 590 µm in length); centrally flexed, and thin or stout styles (from 175 to 475 µm in length), sometimes curved in the proximal third. Rarely with both rounded ends (
<figureCitation id="01EB8CC4B31871448C9B25549588F8A5" box="[1179,1247,1853,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1441,1463]" captionTargetBox="[201,1385,193,1429]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[201,1385,193,1429]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. SEM photographs of the spicules (oxeas and styles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440498/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="01EB8CC4B31871448CEB25549479F8A5" box="[1259,1326,1853,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1234,1256]" captionTargetBox="[255,1332,193,1213]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[255,1332,193,1213]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. Light photograph of the spicules (oxeas and styles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="D452A5FAB31871448D39255494DCF8A5" box="[1337,1419,1853,1878]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparative data for the dimensions of the spicules (in µm) of the A. nayaritensis n. sp. and other Axinella- spp. (by comparison). Values are given as shaft length x width and values between brackets are means, with measurements in µm." pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="996F9041B318714388C7250893ABFF27" blockId="3.[151,1437,881,2022]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B318714488C7250890F5F889" bold="true" box="[199,418,1889,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Molecular results:</emphasis>
The phylogenetic analysis for 18S rRNA gen was reconstructed with 38 sequences (1627 selected sites, 213 variable and 165 informative) and the CO1 mtDNA gene was reconstructed with 32 sequences (576 selected sites, 256 variable and 233 informative). The ML and BA topology are represented in 
<figureCitation id="01EB8CC4B31871448D0225C0943BF832" box="[1282,1388,1961,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[259,1301,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[259,1301,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Consensus tree of genus Axinella using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods based on 18S rDNA. Bootstrap values/posterior probabilities (ML/BI) are indicated under the principal node. The clades of Axinella proposed by Gazave et al. 2010 are shaded and labelled as AXI I, AXI 2 and AXI 3. Taxon names are followed by their GenBank accession numbers.   Indicates the new species belonging to the Axinella genus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440502/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Figures 7</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="01EB8CC4B3187144889725A791F0F815" box="[151,167,1998,2022]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[149,1437,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[149,1437,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Consensus tree of genus Axinella using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian method based on COI mtDNA. Bootstrap values/posterior probabilities (ML/BI) are indicated above the principal node. The clades of Axinella proposed by Gazave et al. 2010 are and labelled as AXI1, AXI 2 and AXI 3. Taxon names are followed by their GenBank accession numbers.   Indicate the new species belonging to the Axinella genus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440504/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">8</figureCitation>
. Independently of the phylogenetic method and loci used, the genus 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31871448BC525A49575F816" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[965,1058,1997,2021]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31871448BC525A49575F816" box="[965,1058,1997,2021]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is split into three distinct clades labelled as AXI 1, AXI 2 and AXI 3 as previously recovered by 
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B31F71438B7922F19533FF43" box="[889,1124,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" refId="ref5198" refString="Gazave, E., Carteron, S., Chenuil, A., Richelle-Maurer, E., Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Borchiellini, C. (2010) Polyphyly of the genus Axinella and of the family Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiaep). Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution, 57 (1), 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.05.028" type="journal article">
Gazave 
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31F71438BD522F09550FF43" box="[981,1031,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
. Both 18S and COI nested/ clustered near to 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31F7143895722D59313FF27" authority="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza, 2018" authorityName="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2018" box="[343,580,188,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nayaritensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31F7143895722D59313FF27" box="[343,580,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Axinella nayaritensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B097F128B31F71438A4B22D593DDFF26" box="[587,650,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" rank="species">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31F71438A4B22D593DDFF26" bold="true" box="[587,650,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in AXI 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="CDAFC0C9B31F7143889724F19181F918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440492/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" startId="4.[151,250,1688,1710]" targetBox="[151,1436,265,1667]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="996F9041B31F7143889724F19181F918" blockId="4.[151,1436,1688,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31F7143889724F19045F95D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1688,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31F7143891824F190B9F95D" authority="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza, 2018" authorityName="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2018" box="[280,494,1688,1710]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nayaritensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31F7143891824F190B9F95D" box="[280,494,1688,1710]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Axinella nayaritensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B097F128B31F714389F424F1937AF95D" box="[500,557,1688,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" rank="species">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31F714389F424F1937AF95D" bold="true" box="[500,557,1688,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31F71438A3324F09326F95D" box="[563,625,1689,1710]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">in situ</emphasis>
at isla Isabel. A) Holotype at 24 m depth. Black arrows show oscules, and white arrows subectosomic canals. B), C, D) different growth forms and stages of growth (white arrows) found between 21 and 25 m depth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D1CAC3CAB31F714C88C725719097FE23" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="996F9041B31F714388C7257190BAF816" blockId="4.[151,1436,1816,2021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31F714388C72571901BF8C2" bold="true" box="[199,332,1816,1841]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31F7143895C25719305F8C3" authority="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza, 2018" authorityName="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2018" box="[348,594,1816,1840]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nayaritensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31F7143895C25719305F8C3" box="[348,594,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Axinella nayaritensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B097F128B31F71438A63257193FCF8C2" box="[611,683,1816,1841]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" rank="species">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31F71438A63257193FCF8C2" bold="true" box="[611,683,1816,1841]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a species typical of the genus in its spiculation, skeletal arrangement, and external growth form. There is no similar species in the eastern Pacific to compare the new species. The geographically closest species is 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31F71438AC0250995E6F88A" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[704,1201,1888,1913]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="profunda">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31F71438AC0250992C6F88B" box="[704,913,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Axinella profunda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B31F71438B9E250995E6F88A" box="[926,1201,1888,1913]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" refId="ref6383" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger'. The Annals and magazine of natural history, 18 (5), 325 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609459982" type="journal article">Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a deep-sea species collected at abyssal depths from the central Pacific, which is very different in growth form (branches flattened), size (up to 
<quantity id="5E283DA4B31F7143891625C19019F833" box="[278,334,1960,1985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
high), and overall in the form of the megascleres since the latter has styles with minutely spined bases (
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B31F714388E225A590B7F816" box="[226,480,1996,2021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" refId="ref6383" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger'. The Annals and magazine of natural history, 18 (5), 325 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609459982" type="journal article">Ridley &amp; Dendy 1886</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="CDAFC0C9B31E7142889722F190D4FF1C" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<paragraph id="996F9041B31E7142889722F190D4FF1C" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,239]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142889722F1905DFF5C" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Comparative data for the dimensions of the spicules (in µm) of the 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31E71428BE422FE95D3FF5C" authority="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza, 2018" authorityName="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2018" box="[996,1156,151,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nayaritensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E71428BE422FE95D3FF5C" box="[996,1156,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">A. nayaritensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B097F128B31E71428C8B22F1959FFF5C" box="[1163,1224,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E71428C8B22F1959FFF5C" bold="true" box="[1163,1224,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and other 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31E71428D3A22FE94C4FF5C" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[1338,1427,151,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E71428D3A22FE94C4FF5C" box="[1338,1427,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- spp. (by comparison). Values are given as shaft length x width and values between brackets are means, with measurements in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="996F9041B31E7142889F23639449FC85" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<table id="EBD062E1B31E8EB8889F236394C3FC66" box="[159,1428,266,917]" gridcols="4" gridrows="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<tr id="27E09203B31E8EB8889F236394C3FED3" box="[159,1428,266,288]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<th id="6431FB7FB31E8EB8889F23639084FED3" box="[159,467,266,288]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31E7142889F236391A4FED3" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[159,243,266,288]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142889F236391A4FED3" box="[159,243,266,288]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
</th>
<th id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88A032363926FFED3" box="[515,824,266,288]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Oxeas</th>
<th id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88B4B236395C6FED3" box="[843,1169,266,288]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Styles</th>
<th id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88CA1236394C3FED3" box="[1185,1428,266,288]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Locality</th>
</tr>
<tr id="27E09203B31E8EB8889F235D94C3FEB9" box="[159,1428,308,330]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<th id="6431FB7FB31E8EB8889F235D94C3FEB9" box="[159,1428,308,330]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Holotype:</th>
</tr>
<tr id="27E09203B31E8EB8889F233494C3FE61" box="[159,1428,349,402]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<th id="6431FB7FB31E8EB8889F23349084FE61" box="[159,467,349,402]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31E7142889F23379060FE80" authority="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza, 2018" authorityName="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2018" box="[159,311,350,371]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nayaritensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142889F23379060FE80" box="[159,311,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">A. nayaritensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B097F128B31E7142893D23349021FE80" box="[317,374,349,371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142893D23349021FE80" bold="true" box="[317,374,349,371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
LEB-ICML-UNAM-61
</th>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88A032334926FFE61" box="[515,824,349,402]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">300-(417)-575 x 6-(11.6)-21</td>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88B4B233495C6FE61" box="[843,1169,349,402]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">260-(373.8)-470 x 7.5-(17.2)-25</td>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88CA1233494C3FE61" box="[1185,1428,349,402]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Isla Isabel, Nayarit,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="27E09203B31E8EB8889F23CF94C3FE48" box="[159,1428,422,443]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<th id="6431FB7FB31E8EB8889F23CF94C3FE48" box="[159,1428,422,443]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Paratypes:</th>
</tr>
<tr id="27E09203B31E8EB8889F23A794C3FDF0" box="[159,1428,462,515]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<th id="6431FB7FB31E8EB8889F23A79084FDF0" box="[159,467,462,515]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31E7142889F23A69060FE16" authority="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza, 2018" authorityName="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2018" box="[159,311,463,485]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nayaritensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142889F23A69060FE16" box="[159,311,463,485]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">A. nayaritensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B097F128B31E7142893D23A79021FE17" box="[317,374,462,484]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142893D23A79021FE17" bold="true" box="[317,374,462,484]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
LEB-ICML-UNAM-581
</th>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88A0323A7926FFDF0" box="[515,824,462,515]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">230-(318.5)-455 x 5-(14)-22.5</td>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88B4B23A795C6FDF0" box="[843,1169,462,515]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">250-(370.5)-430 x 5-(12.7)-20</td>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88CA123A794C3FDF0" box="[1185,1428,462,515]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Tecuchitán Nayarit,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="27E09203B31E8EB8889F207F94C3FDB8" box="[159,1428,534,587]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<th id="6431FB7FB31E8EB8889F207F9084FDB8" box="[159,467,534,587]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31E7142889F207E9060FDDE" authority="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza, 2018" authorityName="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2018" box="[159,311,535,557]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nayaritensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142889F207E9060FDDE" box="[159,311,535,557]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">A. nayaritensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B097F128B31E7142893D207F9021FDDF" box="[317,374,534,556]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142893D207F9021FDDF" bold="true" box="[317,374,534,556]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
LEB-ICML-UNAM-866
</th>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88A03207F926FFDB8" box="[515,824,534,587]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">225-(358)-590 x 5-(16)-22.5</td>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88B4B207F95C6FDB8" box="[843,1169,534,587]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">175-(362)-445 x 5-(14.6)-22.5</td>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88CA1207F94C3FDB8" box="[1185,1428,534,587]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Chacala Nayarit,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="27E09203B31E8EB8889F203794C3FD60" box="[159,1428,606,659]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<th id="6431FB7FB31E8EB8889F20379084FD60" box="[159,467,606,659]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31E7142889F20369060FD86" authority="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza, 2018" authorityName="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2018" box="[159,311,607,629]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nayaritensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142889F20369060FD86" box="[159,311,607,629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">A. nayaritensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B097F128B31E7142893D20379021FD87" box="[317,374,606,628]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142893D20379021FD87" bold="true" box="[317,374,606,628]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
LEB-ICML-UNAM-1003
</th>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88A032037926FFD60" box="[515,824,606,659]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">360-(427)-550 x 10-(13.4)-20</td>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88B4B203795C6FD60" box="[843,1169,606,659]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">195-(323)-475 x 5-(12.6)-17.5</td>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88CA1203794C3FD60" box="[1185,1428,606,659]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Isla Isabel, Nayarit</td>
</tr>
<tr id="27E09203B31E8EB8889F20CF94C3FD28" box="[159,1428,678,731]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<th id="6431FB7FB31E8EB8889F20CF9084FD28" box="[159,467,678,731]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31E7142889F20CE9060FD4E" authority="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza, 2018" authorityName="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2018" box="[159,311,679,701]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nayaritensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142889F20CE9060FD4E" box="[159,311,679,701]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">A. nayaritensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B097F128B31E7142893D20CF9021FD4F" box="[317,374,678,700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142893D20CF9021FD4F" bold="true" box="[317,374,678,700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
LEB-ICML-UNAM-1095
</th>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88A0320CF926FFD28" box="[515,824,678,731]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">185-(288)-370 x 5-(10.6)-16</td>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88B4B20CF95C6FD28" box="[843,1169,678,731]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">205-(267.5)-310 x 5-(11.5)-16</td>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88CA120CF94C3FD28" box="[1185,1428,678,731]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">El Bajo, Oaxaca</td>
</tr>
<tr id="27E09203B31E8EB8889F208794C3FCD0" box="[159,1428,750,803]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<th id="6431FB7FB31E8EB8889F20879084FCD0" box="[159,467,750,803]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31E7142889F20869185FCD0" authority="Laubenfels, 1953" authorityName="Laubenfels" authorityYear="1953" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polycapellade">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142889F2086901EFCF7" box="[159,329,750,772]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">A. polycapellade</emphasis>
Laubenfels, 1953
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88A032087926FFCD0" box="[515,824,750,803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">215-234 x 7-11</td>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88B4B208795C6FCD0" box="[843,1169,750,803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">178 x 7</td>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88CA1208794C3FCD0" box="[1185,1428,750,803]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Eastern Gulf of Mexico</td>
</tr>
<tr id="27E09203B31E8EB8889F215F94C3FCBE" box="[159,1428,822,845]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="6431FB7FB31E8EB8889F215F9084FCBE" box="[159,467,822,845]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31E7142889F215E909BFCBF" authority="(Hentschel, 1912)" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" baseAuthorityName="Hentschel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[159,460,822,845]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruensis">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142889F215E9046FCBE" box="[159,273,823,845]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">A. aruensis</emphasis>
(Hentschel, 1912)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88A03215F926FFCBE" box="[515,824,822,845]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">336-440 x 13 - 21</td>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88CA1215F94C3FCBE" box="[1185,1428,822,845]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Arafura Sea (Indonesia)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="27E09203B31E8EB8889F210994C3FC66" box="[159,1428,864,917]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<th id="6431FB7FB31E8EB8889F21099084FC66" box="[159,467,864,917]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31E7142889F21089084FC67" authority="Schmidt, 1862 sensu Alvarez &amp; Hooper 2002" authorityName="Schmidt, 1862 sensu Alvarez &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2002" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polypoides">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142889F2108907EFC85" box="[159,297,864,886]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">A. polypoides</emphasis>
Schmidt, 1862 
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142889F21E99180FC66" box="[159,215,896,917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">sensu</emphasis>
Alvarez &amp; Hooper 2002
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88A032109926FFC66" box="[515,824,864,917]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">270–420 x 5–12</td>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88B4B210995C6FC66" box="[843,1169,864,917]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">210–500 x 8–12</td>
<td id="6431FB7FB31E8EB88CA1210994C3FC66" box="[1185,1428,864,917]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Adriatic Sea</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="CDAFC0C9B31E7142889725E094C3F84E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440494/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" startId="5.[151,250,1929,1951]" targetBox="[217,1337,981,1877]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="996F9041B31E7142889725E094C3F84E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1929,1982]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142889725E09042F86C" bold="true" box="[151,277,1929,1951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31E7142891E25E090A0F86C" authority="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza, 2018" authorityName="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2018" box="[286,503,1929,1951]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nayaritensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E7142891E25E090A0F86C" box="[286,503,1929,1951]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Axinella nayaritensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B097F128B31E714289FF25E0936CF86C" box="[511,571,1929,1951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" rank="species">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31E714289FF25E0936CF86C" bold="true" box="[511,571,1929,1951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Dry specimen collected from Nayarit A) Preserved specimen where the ectosomal membrane is collapsed. B) Detail of a branch of A) where is clearly observable the ridge surface and the subectosomic canals.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="CDAFC0C9B31D7141889725169329F802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440496/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" startId="6.[151,250,1919,1941]" targetBox="[173,1417,194,1902]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="996F9041B31D7141889725169329F802" blockId="6.[151,1436,1919,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31D7141889725169045F866" bold="true" box="[151,274,1919,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31D71418918251690B8F866" authority="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza, 2018" authorityName="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2018" box="[280,495,1919,1941]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nayaritensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31D71418918251690B8F866" box="[280,495,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Axinella nayaritensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B097F128B31D714189F42516937BF866" box="[500,556,1919,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" rank="species">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31D714189F425169370F866" bold="true" box="[500,551,1919,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
skeleton of a branch to SEM. A) Cross section where is clearly distinguishable a dense central axial condensation skeleton from which radiate to the surface an extra axial plumoreticulated skeleton. B) Detail of the area of transition to central axial condensation and the plumoreticulated area. C) Extra axial skeleton in the sponge surface where can be observable spicule brushes (D, E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="CDAFC0C9B31C7140889727C8951FFA44" box="[151,1096,1441,1463]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440498/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" startId="7.[151,250,1441,1463]" targetBox="[201,1385,193,1429]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="996F9041B31C7140889727C8951FFA44" blockId="7.[151,1096,1441,1463]" box="[151,1096,1441,1463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C7140889727C89045FA44" bold="true" box="[151,274,1441,1463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31C7140891927C890A7FA44" authority="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza, 2018" authorityName="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2018" box="[281,496,1441,1463]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nayaritensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C7140891927C890A7FA44" box="[281,496,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Axinella nayaritensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B097F128B31C714089F527C89378FA44" box="[501,559,1441,1463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" rank="species">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C714089F527C89378FA44" bold="true" box="[501,559,1441,1463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
SEM photographs of the spicules (oxeas and styles).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="996F9041B31C714088C727B69449F8E4" blockId="7.[151,1437,1502,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
In the Atlantic coast of north America, the most similar species is 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31C71408BBD27B794CFFA04" authority="de Laubenfels, 1953" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1953" box="[957,1432,1502,1527]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polycapella">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C71408BBD27B795F1FA05" box="[957,1190,1502,1526]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Axinella polycapella</emphasis>
de 
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B31C71408CD127B794CFFA04" box="[1233,1432,1502,1527]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" refId="ref5772" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1953) Sponges from the Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 2 (3), 511 - 577." type="journal article">Laubenfels, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, widely distributed in the 
<collectingRegion id="5B145EA3B31C714089B6246B90BDF9E8" box="[438,490,1538,1563]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Gulf</collectingRegion>
of 
<collectingRegion id="5B145EA3B31C71408A12246B933DF9E8" box="[530,618,1538,1563]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<collectingCountry id="E1C7D0D1B31C71408A12246B933DF9E8" box="[530,618,1538,1563]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B145EA3B31C71408A77246B939FF9E8" box="[631,712,1538,1563]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Florida</collectingRegion>
and east coast of 
<collectingCountry id="E1C7D0D1B31C71408B99246A9282F9E8" box="[921,981,1539,1563]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">USA</collectingCountry>
. There are also important differences in morphology since 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31C7140896B244E9358F9CD" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1953" box="[363,527,1574,1598]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polycapella">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C7140896B244E9358F9CD" box="[363,527,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">A. polycapella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a flexible branched sponge up to 
<quantity id="5E283DA4B31C71408BB0244F92A0F9CD" box="[944,1015,1574,1599]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
high, and the new species is smaller and with rigid branches. The colour in 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31C71408A5A242293A9F991" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1953" box="[602,766,1610,1634]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polycapella">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C71408A5A242293A9F991" box="[602,766,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">A. polycapella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
varies from orange to red, purple and brown, whereas the new species is always orange. The skeleton is similar in both species; axial skeleton vaguely reticulated to condensed, and extra axial skeleton plumoreticulated, becoming halichondrioid near the surface in 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31C71408CF324FA94C2F959" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1953" box="[1267,1429,1682,1706]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polycapella">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C71408CF324FA94C2F959" box="[1267,1429,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">A. polycapella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the new species spicule tracts arise from the inner central portion, ascending and diverging radially towards the surface, forming an extra axial plumoreticulated skeleton. There are also differences in the form of spicules because in addition to oxeas, there are strongyloxeas and styles in 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31C71408B7E2496944EF8E4" authority="(de Laubenfels 1953)" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1953" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[894,1305,1790,1815]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polycapella">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C71408B7E24969577F8E5" box="[894,1056,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">A. polycapella</emphasis>
(de 
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B31C71408C5224979446F8E4" box="[1106,1297,1790,1815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" refId="ref5772" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1953) Sponges from the Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 2 (3), 511 - 577." type="journal article">Laubenfels 1953</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="996F9041B31C714088C7254B924AF81D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1502,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
The systematic position of 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31C714089F8254B93B1F8C9" authority="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza, 2018" authorityName="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2018" box="[504,742,1826,1850]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nayaritensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C714089F8254B93B1F8C9" box="[504,742,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Axinella nayaritensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B097F128B31C71408AEE254B927AF8C8" box="[750,813,1826,1851]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" rank="species">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C71408AEE254B927AF8C8" bold="true" box="[750,813,1826,1851]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
was confirmed with two independent loci: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (CO1 mtDNA) and ribosomal gene (18s rDNA). The 18S region of the new species was 99 % similar (BLAST identity) to 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31C71408A1F2503925FF871" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[543,776,1898,1922]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polycapella">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C71408A1F2503925FF871" box="[543,776,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Axinella polycapella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31C71408B40250395A3F870" authority="Schmidt, 1862" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[832,1268,1898,1923]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polypoides">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C71408B40250392CAF871" box="[832,925,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Axinella</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C71408BCA25039514F871" box="[970,1091,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">polypoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B31C71408C4C250395A3F870" box="[1100,1268,1898,1923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" refId="ref6522" refString="Schmidt, O. (1862) Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, viii + 88 pp." type="book">Schmidt, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Evidently, the sequence of 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31C7140892525E690B4F855" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[293,483,1934,1959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polypoides">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C7140892525E6906AF855" box="[293,317,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">A.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C7140896A25E790B4F855" box="[362,483,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">polypoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded in GeneBank (accession code 
<accessionNumber id="86830DA2B31C71408BAC25E79575F854" box="[940,1058,1934,1959]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EF092269" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
EF 
<date id="ED6EB681B31C71408BCD25E79575F854" box="[973,1058,1934,1959]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" value="69-09-22">092269</date>
</accessionNumber>
) and distributed in Indian Island, Australia is not probably a true 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31C71408A0025DA93CDF839" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[512,666,1970,1994]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polypoides">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C71408A0025DA93CDF839" box="[512,666,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">A. polypoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is distributed exclusively from the Mediterranean. Rather, it could be an undescribed species, similar to 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B31C71408A7D25BE9242F81D" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[637,789,2006,2030]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polypoides">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B31C71408A7D25BE9242F81D" box="[637,789,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">A. polypoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="CDAFC0C9B313714F889726BB9516FB1B" box="[151,1089,1234,1256]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440500/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" startId="8.[151,250,1234,1256]" targetBox="[255,1332,193,1213]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="996F9041B313714F889726BB9516FB1B" blockId="8.[151,1089,1234,1256]" box="[151,1089,1234,1256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F889726BB9045FB1B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1234,1256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F891926BB90A7FB1B" authority="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza, 2018" authorityName="Carballo &amp; Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2018" box="[281,496,1234,1256]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nayaritensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F891926BB90A7FB1B" box="[281,496,1234,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Axinella nayaritensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B097F128B313714F89F526BB9378FB1B" box="[501,559,1234,1256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" rank="species">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F89F526BB9378FB1B" bold="true" box="[501,559,1234,1256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Light photograph of the spicules (oxeas and styles).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="996F9041B313714F88C7277D90DFF9DA" blockId="8.[151,1436,1300,2009]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
Regarding COI, the most closed species is 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F8AAC277C9515FADE" authority="(Hentschel, 1912)" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" baseAuthorityName="Hentschel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[684,1090,1300,1325]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruensis">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8AAC277C9238FADE" box="[684,879,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Axinella aruensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B313714F8B7E277D956DFADE" box="[894,1082,1300,1325]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refId="ref5408" refString="Hentschel, E. (1912) Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln. Abhandlungen der ausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 34 (3), 293 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85325" type="journal article">Hentschel, 1912</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, a species with a very variable form (flabellate, erect, fan-shaped or narrow long and flat digits), beige or pale yellow with, vaguely reticulated to halichondrioid skeleton, characteristics not found in the new species. There are also important differences regarding the spicule composition between the two species, since 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F8B9827E8954DFA6B" baseAuthorityName="Hentschel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[920,1050,1409,1432]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruensis">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8B9827E8954DFA6B" box="[920,1050,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">A. aruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has oxeas with blunt, pointed or telescoped tips with transitional forms (
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8A6B27CF93C4FA4E" box="[619,659,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">e.g.</emphasis>
styloids, strongyles), and the true styles are scarce. The different morphotypes of 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F894F27A09099FA13" baseAuthorityName="Hentschel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[335,462,1481,1504]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruensis">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F894F27A09099FA13" box="[335,462,1481,1504]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">A. aruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur sympatrically throughout northern 
<collectingCountry id="E1C7D0D1B313714F8BA327A1955BFA12" box="[931,1036,1480,1505]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E1C7D0D1B313714F8C1827A195D2FA12" box="[1048,1157,1480,1505]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="E1C7D0D1B313714F8CBC27A094CFFA12" box="[1212,1432,1480,1505]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<collectingRegion id="5B145EA3B313714F8CBC27A09457FA13" box="[1212,1280,1481,1504]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Papua</collectingRegion>
New Guinea
</collectingCountry>
, where it was detected that up to 29 % of intra-genomic polymorphism (ITS) could correspond to hybrid species (
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B313714F889E2479902BF9DA" box="[158,380,1552,1577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refId="ref4599" refString="Alvarez, B., Krishan, M. &amp; Gibb, K. (2007) Analysis of intragenomic variation of the rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) in Halichondrida (Porifera: Demospongiae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87, 1599 - 1605. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315407058407" type="journal article">
Alvarez 
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F890024789066F9DA" box="[256,305,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="996F9041B313714F88C7245F93FCF8D5" blockId="8.[151,1436,1300,2009]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
We also established the phylogenetic relationships of the new species within the family 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F8D12245C94CFF9BD" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1875" box="[1298,1432,1589,1614]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Axinellidae</taxonomicName>
, recovering the same clades obtained by 
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B313714F8A6424309205F982" box="[612,850,1625,1649]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refId="ref5198" refString="Gazave, E., Carteron, S., Chenuil, A., Richelle-Maurer, E., Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Borchiellini, C. (2010) Polyphyly of the genus Axinella and of the family Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiaep). Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution, 57 (1), 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.05.028" type="journal article">
Gazave 
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8AC1243093A3F982" box="[705,756,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
. The new species was included in the clade AXI 1 (clade named 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F893A241490C0F966" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[314,407,1661,1685]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F893A241490C0F966" box="[314,407,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B313714F89C7241493F3F966" box="[455,676,1661,1685]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refId="ref5198" refString="Gazave, E., Carteron, S., Chenuil, A., Richelle-Maurer, E., Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Borchiellini, C. (2010) Polyphyly of the genus Axinella and of the family Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiaep). Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution, 57 (1), 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.05.028" type="journal article">
Gazave 
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8A242417930EF966" box="[548,601,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
) (for both 18S and COI), together with eight 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F8CBA24149440F966" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[1210,1303,1661,1685]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8CBA24149440F966" box="[1210,1303,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F8D842414904DF94A" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1953" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polycapella">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8D84241494C2F967" box="[1412,1429,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F889724C8904DF94A" box="[151,282,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">polycapella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F893024C89016F94B" box="[304,321,1697,1720]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">A</emphasis>
. cf 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F897C24C890A2F94A" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[380,501,1697,1721]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polypoides">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F897C24C890A2F94A" box="[380,501,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">polypoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(probably an undescribed species), 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F8BB124C89567F94A" authorityName="Pansini" authorityYear="1984" box="[945,1072,1697,1721]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vaceleti">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8BB124C89567F94A" box="[945,1072,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">A. vaceleti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F8C4624C895B1F94A" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[1094,1254,1697,1721]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polypoides">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8C4624C895B1F94A" box="[1094,1254,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">A. polypoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F8CFD24C8943AF94A" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1892" box="[1277,1389,1697,1721]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flustra">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8CFD24C8943AF94A" box="[1277,1389,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">A. flustra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F8D8424C8900DF92E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="infundibuliformis">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8D8424C8900DF92E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">A. infundibuliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F896724AC935FF92E" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1916" box="[359,520,1733,1757]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pyramidata">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F896724AC935FF92E" box="[359,520,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">A. pyramidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F8A1624AC93C3F92E" baseAuthorityName="Hentschel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[534,660,1733,1757]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruensis">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8A1624AC93C3F92E" box="[534,660,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">A. aruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All exhibit a great diversity of shapes but the choanosomal skeleton is often differentiated between axial and extra-axial regions, which is particularly evident in the arborescent forms, as occur in the species of 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F89B625649343F8D6" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[438,532,1805,1829]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F89B625649343F8D6" box="[438,532,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of this clade.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="996F9041B313714C88C72558952DFEB3" blockId="8.[151,1436,1300,2009]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
In addition to these nine typical arborescent 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F8AEE2558921CF8BA" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[750,843,1841,1865]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8AEE2558921CF8BA" box="[750,843,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-species, the same clade also grouped species of 
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8897253C9013F89E" box="[151,324,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Pseudoaxinella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B313714F895B253C9359F89D" box="[347,526,1877,1902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refId="ref6545" refString="Schmidt, O. (1875) Spongien. Die Expedition zurphysikalisch-chemischen und biologischen Untersuchung der Nordseeim Sommer 1872. Jahresbericht der Commission zur Wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung der Deutschen Meere in Kiel, 2 - 3, 115 - 120." type="book chapter">Schmidt, 1875</bibRefCitation>
(a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F8B59253C92E1F89E" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[857,950,1877,1901]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8B59253C92E1F89E" box="[857,950,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F8BDE253C940FF89E" authority="Hallmann, 1917" authorityName="Hallmann" authorityYear="1917" box="[990,1368,1877,1902]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Dragmacidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8BDE253C952DF89E" box="[990,1146,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Dragmacidon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B313714F8C91253C940FF89E" box="[1169,1368,1877,1902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refId="ref5335" refString="Hallmann, E. F. (1917 [1916]) A revision of the genera with microscleres included, or provisionally included, in the family Axinellidae; with descriptions of some Australian species. Part III. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 41 (164), 634 - 675. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 15326" type="journal article">Hallmann, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F8897251090A7F862" authority="Ehlers, 1870" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,496,1912,1937]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F889725109007F862" box="[151,336,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Myrmekioderma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B313714F895B251190A7F862" box="[347,496,1912,1937]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refId="ref5011" refString="Ehlers, E. (1870) Die Esper'schen Spongien in der zoologischen Sammlung der K. Universitat Erlangen. E. Th. Jacob, Erlangen, 36 pp." type="book">Ehlers, 1870</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F89FD251093CEF862" authorityName="Hallmann" authorityYear="1917" box="[509,665,1913,1937]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Dragmacidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F89FD251093CEF862" box="[509,665,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Dragmacidon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(family 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F8B01251192D2F862" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1875" box="[769,901,1912,1937]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Axinellidae</taxonomicName>
) are massive or massive encrusting axinellids with a multispicular plumoreticulate choanosomal skeleton, but undifferentiated between axial and extra-axial regions, which is one of the most important differences with 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B313714F8B8625A89464F82A" authority="(Alvarez &amp; Hooper 2002)" authorityName="Alvarez &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2002" baseAuthorityName="Alvarez &amp; Hooper" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[902,1331,1984,2009]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B313714F8B8625A892B4F82A" box="[902,995,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Axinella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B313714F8C0225A9947CF82A" box="[1026,1323,1984,2009]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refId="ref4455" refString="Alvarez, B. &amp; Hooper, J. N. (2002) Family Axinellidae Carter, 1875. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges, Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 742 - 747. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 80" type="book chapter">Alvarez &amp; Hooper 2002</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Instead, 
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B310714C889722F19012FF43" box="[151,325,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Mymekioderma</emphasis>
is a very different genus that belongs to the Family 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B310714C8B9F22FE9585FF43" authority="Dendy, 1905" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1905" box="[927,1234,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">
Heteroxyidae 
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B310714C8C3E22FE9585FF43" box="[1086,1234,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" refId="ref4941" refString="Dendy, A. (1905) Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.), Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Fol. 3. Supplement 18. Royal Society, London, pp. 57 - 246." type="book chapter">Dendy, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. They are species with a detachable ectosomal skeleton consisting of smaller (acanth-)oxeas in brushes perpendicular or paratangential to the surface, supported by larger choanosomal (acanthoxeas, strongyles or styles forming a slightly compressed halichondrioid reticulation in the central portion of the choanosome and a more cavernous peripheral skeleton of oblique spicule tracts, with wispy trichodragmata of raphides (Hooper 2002).
</paragraph>
<caption id="CDAFC0C9B312714E88972512920FF81F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440502/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" startId="9.[151,250,1915,1937]" targetBox="[259,1301,193,1856]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="996F9041B312714E88972512920FF81F" blockId="9.[151,1437,1915,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B312714E889725129040F862" bold="true" box="[151,279,1915,1937]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Consensus tree of genus 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B312714E8A32251293D1F862" baseAuthorityName="Alvarez &amp; Hooper" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[562,646,1915,1937]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B312714E8A32251293D1F862" box="[562,646,1915,1937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods based on 18S rDNA. Bootstrap values/posterior probabilities (ML/BI) are indicated under the principal node. The clades of 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B312714E8CC025F09443F85C" baseAuthorityName="Alvarez &amp; Hooper" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[1216,1300,1945,1967]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B312714E8CC025F09443F85C" box="[1216,1300,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
proposed by Gazave 
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B312714E88E925D0904BF83D" box="[233,284,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">et al.</emphasis>
2010 are shaded and labelled as AXI I, AXI 2 and AXI 3. Taxon names are followed by their GenBank accession numbers. Indicates the new species belonging to the 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B312714E8ABC25BF9247F81F" baseAuthorityName="Alvarez &amp; Hooper" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[700,784,2006,2028]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B312714E8ABC25BF9247F81F" box="[700,784,2006,2028]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="CDAFC0C9B311714D889725219218F849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440504/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" startId="10.[151,250,1864,1886]" targetBox="[149,1437,193,1843]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="996F9041B311714D889725219218F849" blockId="10.[151,1437,1864,1978]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B311714D889725219041F8AD" bold="true" box="[151,278,1864,1886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Consensus tree of genus 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B311714D8A2D252193D6F8AD" baseAuthorityName="Alvarez &amp; Hooper" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[557,641,1864,1886]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B311714D8A2D252193D6F8AD" box="[557,641,1864,1886]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian method based on COI mtDNA. Bootstrap values/posterior probabilities (ML/BI) are indicated above the principal node. The clades of 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B311714D8CC1250F9442F88F" baseAuthorityName="Alvarez &amp; Hooper" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[1217,1301,1894,1916]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B311714D8CC1250F9442F88F" box="[1217,1301,1894,1916]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
proposed by Gazave 
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B311714D88ED25EF904AF868" box="[237,285,1925,1947]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">et al</emphasis>
. 2010 are and labelled as AXI1, AXI 2 and AXI 3. Taxon names are followed by their GenBank accession numbers. Indicate the new species belonging to the 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B311714D8AB225CD9251F849" baseAuthorityName="Alvarez &amp; Hooper" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[690,774,1956,1978]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B311714D8AB225CD9251F849" box="[690,774,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="996F9041B310714C88C723259097FE23" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
Further work is required to conveniently interpret these results, but the topology obtained in clade 1 after the inclusion of the new species supports the polyphyly of 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B310714C8B1623199224FE7B" baseAuthorityName="Alvarez &amp; Hooper" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[790,883,368,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B310714C8B1623199224FE7B" box="[790,883,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Axinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, according to the presence in the same clade of species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B310714C898C23FD9312FE5F" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1870" box="[396,581,404,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B310714C898C23FD9312FE5F" box="[396,581,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Myrmekioderma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5ED0EBC2B310714C8A8223FD9249FE5F" authorityName="Hallmann" authorityYear="1917" box="[642,798,404,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Dragmacidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B310714C8A8223FD9249FE5F" box="[642,798,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Dragmacidon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as it had already previously suggested (
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B310714C8CFC23FD9184FE23" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" refId="ref4359" refString="Alvarez, B., Crisp, M. D., Driver, F., Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (2000) Phylogenetic relationships of the family Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) using morphological and molecular data. Zoologica Scripta, 29, 169 - 198. Available from: http: // onlinelibrary. wiley. com / doi / 10.1046 / j. 1463 - 6409.2000.00029. x / full (Accessed 14 Sept. 2018)" type="journal article">
Alvarez 
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B310714C8D6023FC94C2FE5F" box="[1376,1429,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">et al</emphasis>
. 2000
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="FD41EDB0B310714C88DD23D190E3FE23" box="[221,436,440,464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" refId="ref5198" refString="Gazave, E., Carteron, S., Chenuil, A., Richelle-Maurer, E., Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Borchiellini, C. (2010) Polyphyly of the genus Axinella and of the family Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiaep). Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution, 57 (1), 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.05.028" type="journal article">
Gazave 
<emphasis id="ABA44C53B310714C893823D0903EFE23" box="[312,361,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>