171 lines
19 KiB
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171 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="95346668CD9030DD74B4A282B2614A8C" ID-CLB-Dataset="26250" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.861.34686" ID-GBIF-Dataset="afdd84b2-a5c5-471f-bf87-0747b9f75a39" ID-PMC="PMC6629708" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-861-91" ID-PubMed="31333327" ID-ZooBank="802AE175A8104FFCB3FDE289D0CC4191" ModsDocID="1313-2970-861-91" checkinTime="1565091111200" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Brockmann, Ernst & Grishin, Nick V." docDate="2019" docId="0D05FFF48C015391A5D763F473047151" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 861: 91-105" docOrigin="ZooKeys 861" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.861.34686" docTitle="Barcinae Grishin, subfam. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="A3512E6F-78AF-4AB5-9562-43C160BFA2D7" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="FFFBBB3BFF8CFFA9FFA6FFE1E112FFC6" masterDocTitle="Three new subfamilies of skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="105" masterPageNumber="91" pageNumber="98" updateTime="1732838236584" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="D72731D9159190271FA4E470B6DD9F1C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8A5D604F64BBDADBBB10B72A6C6F1A19">
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<mods:title id="013A1CE5D8A357E40FD37D3F386ED086">Three new subfamilies of skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="C616ADD9C13D346647CBBF45093764E2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C87D1AB2AE19D264C4BE48159BAE32A1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EA334494650173BEDD8FDC387DA64C6B">Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1552D37BEBFC329FEC66F39D2CF89946">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="95DE1D1CE4F4D114B45444BE86A4170E">Cong, Qian</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="11755DF8796231B97435D89DE713B159">Shen, Jinhui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="28A6359AD38330FA4DE80DB006D7980C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="46733FCE7CFE9EE3098E4B39C591D013">Brockmann, Ernst</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="E98F8061161693E37BBB6DD0D7B7F5BB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5D6C7AA713DF6B696DF82B01BD449C9A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D67F8E7F2E833342D61CCA3CA8116D9E">Grishin, Nick V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="13F6569A67F708B3E87855CC63A59740">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D864882CA3F8FA1B0B0F8339193F40AC">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3382E9C5C6BF0D97E42CFD6FE1ED4935">
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<mods:date id="B6C038BCCD94BF39A95EFDCFBE2D39AB">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DD302F73F0AA9BB3ED6D1EFF2B49AEE4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F5FF094386F663647418465EA6DE17FC">861</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="949143BCE913BCBA6CD1FF4BC179BDF8" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="6ECD9F063CDD27F61854B2E6A87B39F7">91</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="1D06F0F5F77A1BF6D1ACBE7FCF2FE12C">105</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="6F6B96F6EA209E9E9AA723A74A69EBA1">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.861.34686</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="65D8DE8131B3AF009771FEF46BAAB870">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="66875E97D81C3355F7146D5C441B750C" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.861.34686</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="65D74E1C063FA01DEF35F3C2C345EFF7" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-861-91</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="94727BD7DE1DB1769D80E867B8BFEF04" type="ZooBank">802AE175A8104FFCB3FDE289D0CC4191</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0D05FFF48C015391A5D763F473047151" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159016169" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A3512E6F-78AF-4AB5-9562-43C160BFA2D7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D05FFF48C015391A5D763F473047151" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" scope_family="Hesperiidae" scope_order="Lepidoptera">
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<subSubSection id="339F22DC40AF064A81BB137A41CC22DF" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E767122117806F0EED612579A9AED2E3" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">
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<taxonomicName id="830F8ED1D2299F7B872C6710B4FC898F" LSID="0d05fff4-8c01-5391-a5d7-63f473047151" authority="Grishin" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Barcinae">Barcinae Grishin</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="74422BD761BF78806B660F472C08FCD9" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">subfam. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CB0944ACA4DAD8C418EACA6211F281E9" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" type="type genus">
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<paragraph id="FDB0271C44D29C098198A4B86D4BF00B" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">Type genus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E1149BC51760AA723EC0661530294A98" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">
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<taxonomicName id="6B5CD06D97BE53B83EAC11B27C9EDF5D" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Barca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E68346F7FF8FA870CBD017D81F0BBAB3" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">Barca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de
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<normalizedToken id="756BDAB650DB48AF9982F457F3828333" originalValue="Nicéville">Niceville</normalizedToken>
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, 1902.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CBA34F72461B59A87FB242F14BEF6C71" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="A00E14ED4BB2DFE67502ACCA07818D4A" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="35A6E2D6F046B122D316177BA4B977DF" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">
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Keys to F.4a in
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<bibRefCitation id="B960F25E7B61A0D32B360B51CAA6047E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.105941" author="Evans, WH" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="11" pageNumber="102" refId="B9" refString="Evans, WH, 1949. A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). . British Museum (Natural History), London" title="A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.105941" year="1949">Evans (1949</bibRefCitation>
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: 23). The synapomorphy of the subfamily is likely to be the bow-like shape of the forewing vein A1+A2. In appearance similar to
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<taxonomicName id="BB9DE71E245DB748CF2222784473B638" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heteropterinae">Heteropterinae</taxonomicName>
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(slender body and characteristic relatively broad for monocot-feeding
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<taxonomicName id="C3BD91A43C704AEDB2E56B23BD582045" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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<pageBreakToken id="66BCC7EBE31D870752F61C5D2D42C9B4" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" start="start">Hesperiidae</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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but rounded wing shape), from which it is distinguished by this bowed vein and not flattened antennal club with obtuse apiculus. Morphologically, distinguished from all
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<taxonomicName id="E0782A1EA0879C648FC9264799B22663" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
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, by the following combination of additional characters. Body slender, abdomen not longer than inner margin of hindwing. Second segment of palpi protruding forward (in line with the body, =porrect) and not pointing dorsad (perpendicular to the body line, =erect). Apiculus of antennae blunt, with black nudum of 10 segments, more than in
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<taxonomicName id="B13EF37C609ABD58D566B047C7304BDF" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heteropterinae">Heteropterinae</taxonomicName>
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(6-9) but fewer than
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<taxonomicName id="8BC0AE03E211011D6B6C30CA2F7EA3A6" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Trapezitinae">Trapezitinae</taxonomicName>
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(12-26). Mid tibiae without spines and hind tibiae with 2 pairs of short spurs. No secondary sexual characters. Forewing discal cell about 2/3 of costa in length, apex rounded. Hindwing with a rounded tornus, costal margin longer than inner margin; discal cell not shorter than half of the wing; discocellular vein points toward tornus, not inner margin. Male genitalia with extended, undivided uncus (
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<bibRefCitation id="F09F67D50BF5A8DCF735547A75548FC3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.105941" author="Evans, WH" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="11" pageNumber="102" refId="B9" refString="Evans, WH, 1949. A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). . British Museum (Natural History), London" title="A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.105941" year="1949">Evans 1949</bibRefCitation>
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: plate 29 F.4, F.5) more similar to
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<taxonomicName id="7560C8361FAFFD46FA16ABBA34E26BDB" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heteropterinae">Heteropterinae</taxonomicName>
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, but valva broader and more robust and reminiscent of that in
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<taxonomicName id="7E467FD364F18A4E5926EA419EBADA0E" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Trapezitinae">Trapezitinae</taxonomicName>
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: expanded and modified costa-ampulla, harpe prominent, with serrated edge. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs in the nuclear genome is diagnostic: aly525.83.3:A682T, aly525.83.3:G683C, aly1139.27.4:G112T, aly1139.27.4:G113C, aly23605.15.15:G49A, and in COI barcode region: G101A, A166G, and 474C.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B5290F7C65EF5783ECA30502767927CE" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" type="genera included">
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<paragraph id="982D408A163748FC1FF76217FE25E5CE" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Genera included.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE744EC236FA5D5179156857E021F4A1" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName id="291EE3F1660847DA029804CAC666D484" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Barca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E21F98C099FD37C9C2869D03009620C8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Barca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de
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<normalizedToken id="82E2C3283A12F432917FF7A1BC4B71DB" originalValue="Nicéville">Niceville</normalizedToken>
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, 1902 with its invalid synonym
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<taxonomicName id="A5E434FDA2B93442470740CBBE36C3FE" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Dejeania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dejeania" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3E2FB45E40515A658AA6B7AD72926FA2" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Dejeania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="2CCA5558CA59B2988029F93FD3BAC6C9" originalValue="Oberthür">Oberthuer</normalizedToken>
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, 1896 (junior homonym of
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<taxonomicName id="0A15F0645896340EC08D405D58EF6233" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Dejeania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dejeania" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CD5116FB69D3970B6612D1A13B5ADCB3" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Dejeania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 in
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<taxonomicName id="BEE442BCFE06427D8DE9CBD0B3891A11" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperiina" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="E8D9D5A6B4481796E35BA47305F73679" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Sequenced specimens from the new Hesperiidae subfamilies. DNA sample numbers are given for each specimen, additional data are in the Suppl. material 1: Table S 1 a Ortholexis holocausta syntype, NVG- 18053 C 02 b Ortholexis hollandi, NVG- 18082 A 08 c Ortholexis melichroptera, holotype of Acallopistes dimidia Holland, 1896; NVG- 18053 C 05 d Ortholexis melichroptera, holotype, NVG- 18053 A 06 e Katreus johnstonii, NVG- 18053 B 05 f Chamunda chamunda, NVG- 18086 E 02 g Barca bicolor, NVG- 17069 C 10 h Apostictopterus fuliginosus, NVG- 17069 C 12." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34686.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315261" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Fig. 1g</figureCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="C4AB10DBEF2A9AA95E7931218C96DC91" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Apostictopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apostictopterus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F2D46DBF2310022A097582E10FBFB070" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Apostictopterus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Leech, [1893] with its subjective synonym
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<taxonomicName id="C1498FD29936DF2215361132DED847EB" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Tecupa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tecupa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="27BEE3425AFFA0A3A9C011B4ECC1A564" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Tecupa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Swinhoe, 1917 (
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<figureCitation id="F082AFA4409B76F4BCE0719B55A45953" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Sequenced specimens from the new Hesperiidae subfamilies. DNA sample numbers are given for each specimen, additional data are in the Suppl. material 1: Table S 1 a Ortholexis holocausta syntype, NVG- 18053 C 02 b Ortholexis hollandi, NVG- 18082 A 08 c Ortholexis melichroptera, holotype of Acallopistes dimidia Holland, 1896; NVG- 18053 C 05 d Ortholexis melichroptera, holotype, NVG- 18053 A 06 e Katreus johnstonii, NVG- 18053 B 05 f Chamunda chamunda, NVG- 18086 E 02 g Barca bicolor, NVG- 17069 C 10 h Apostictopterus fuliginosus, NVG- 17069 C 12." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34686.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315261" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Fig. 1h</figureCitation>
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). Both valid genera are monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C269C0F467C4CCCB40CC64D7648431E2" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" type="comments">
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<paragraph id="2C445D20A8F35ED1D2704066BE92D736" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B45EBD8413E4B72471DA6E6DBA068108" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">
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These two genera from southwestern China were (with disclaimers) placed in
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<taxonomicName id="DAA1236A37E0F0CCA77E0D89D31B962F" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heteropterinae">Heteropterinae</taxonomicName>
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by Evans (
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<bibRefCitation id="9C487D67F1C4FEDE2E3F17EC5E515B09" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.105941" author="Evans, WH" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="11" pageNumber="102" refId="B9" refString="Evans, WH, 1949. A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). . British Museum (Natural History), London" title="A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.105941" year="1949">Evans 1949</bibRefCitation>
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) and transferred to
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<taxonomicName id="ED44FC19C697F82DC615B76A3E4D2D32" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="D0F80ACEFBCF23FB4666336C68138881" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00463.x" author="Warren, AD" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="12" pageNumber="103" pagination="467 - 523" refId="B27" refString="Warren, AD, Ogawa, JR, Brower, AVZ, 2009. Revised classification of the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) based on combined molecular and morphological data. . Systematic Entomology 34: 467 - 523" title="Revised classification of the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) based on combined molecular and morphological data." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00463.x" volume="34" year="2009">Warren et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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, owing to different from
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<taxonomicName id="46426CD897B5002430B1F96AA10FAD95" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heteropterinae">Heteropterinae</taxonomicName>
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genitalia. Mitochondrial genomes for both genera were determined recently, and they confirmed the lack of affinity to
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<taxonomicName id="9C38C1DB81258F335D50D0C27A5727EA" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heteropterinae">Heteropterinae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="9BC20652779854F4350032FD1993FCCA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34107-1" author="Han, Y" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="11" pageNumber="102" refId="B14" refString="Han, Y, Huang, Z, Tang, J, Chiba, H, Fan, X, 2018. . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34107-1" url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34107-1" year="2018">Han et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). However, in the absence of
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<taxonomicName id="80B41201A3180401E13B7F1B6E19175F" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Trapezitinae">Trapezitinae</taxonomicName>
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mitogenome, the two genera remained in
|
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<taxonomicName id="FCFA84EF377158DCC579B818893A775B" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
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. Our phylogenies place the two genera as sister to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9BE7E1F7E629ADFC444EA445A10709E" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Trapezitinae">Trapezitinae</taxonomicName>
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|
, thus they may not belong to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C5188C610F1D0F2803FD266E1844363A" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This placement is unexpected because there are no obvious morphological features than unify
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FBD971A3391BF1736BC38AFF2DD9A7A0" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Trapezitinae">Trapezitinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and the two genera. Therefore, we decided on the level of a subfamily for these two unusual skippers. They form an ancient phylogenetic group, and placing them within
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8D09E747BDC0EB8815388091C30E8455" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Trapezitinae">Trapezitinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
seems unfitting due to the lack of morphological affinities.
|
|
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |