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<document id="47ED67D524BBA25310EEFB329A0B58B9" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.199681" ID-GBIF-Dataset="62e1623e-d85e-46ea-8edf-6cb01d7c88eb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="199681" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460343126729" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Blaimer, Bonnie B." docDate="2010" docId="6516CC460D19FFFDFF7A8933666E636A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02714p039.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2714" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Crematogaster nosibeensis Forel 1891, NEW STATUS" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="992FB43E0D01FFE7FFED8A216475640D" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and Natural History of the Crematogaster (Decacrema) - group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1698261518362" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="3D3AAEE8071B5F4F7648C91A3DD0223B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="363111689A1B7B6767F87F35E4C70C32">Taxonomy and Natural History of the Crematogaster (Decacrema) - group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8D260773E8EAF185B54AB772B56B0793">Blaimer, Bonnie B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="185CB44759E47713D92FC916CCCBE18C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="1C6EF9D59781DB40953E4C91B621B7FA">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="FAAE538F14DEDE8A5C62B0DDA2AE97BF" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.199681</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6516CC460D19FFFDFF7A8933666E636A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6199378" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119406768" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6199378" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6516CC460D19FFFDFF7A8933666E636A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6516CC460D19FFFDFF7A8933666E636A" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<subSubSection id="A5A52EDB0D19FFFFFF7A893365356742" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="ED007D500D19FFFFFF7A8933675D6721" blockId="24.[151,808,786,847]" box="[151,808,786,812]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<heading id="B648CA3C0D19FFFFFF7A8933675D6721" bold="true" box="[151,808,786,812]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFF7A8933675D6721" bold="true" box="[151,808,786,812]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D19FFFFFF7A893366106721" authority="Forel 1891" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,613,786,812]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nosibeensis" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFF7A893365AF6721" bold="true" box="[151,474,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Crematogaster nosibeensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="892E00A10D19FFFFFE0C893366106721" author="Forel" box="[481,613,786,812]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Forel, A. (1891) Les Formicides. [part]. In: A. Grandidier (Ed), Histoire physique, naturelle, et politique de Madagascar. Volume XX. Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie (28 e fascicule). Hachette et Cie, Paris, p. 1 - 280." type="book chapter" year="1891">Forel 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C4F81C390D19FFFFFD808933675D6721" box="[621,808,786,812]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">NEW STATUS</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D19FFFFFF7A891465356742" blockId="24.[151,808,786,847]" box="[151,320,821,847]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
(
<figureCitation id="758461D50D19FFFFFF72891464866742" box="[159,243,821,847]" captionStart="FIGURES 32 – 37" captionStartId="29.[151,270,1974,1998]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,196,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[179,1407,166,1953]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 32 – 37. Malagasy Crematogaster (Decacrema) species; a: full-face view, b: lateral view, c: dorsal view. 32: C. nosibeensis; 33: C. sisa; 34: C. sabatra; 35: C. mahery; 36: C. malala; 37: C. grevei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199685/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="758461D50D19FFFFFEF48914654D6742" box="[281,312,821,847]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 43" captionStartId="30.[151,270,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[221,1364,193,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[200,1385,164,1882]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 43. Malagasy Crematogaster (Decacrema) species; a: petiole &amp; postpetiole in dorsal view, b: petiole &amp; postpetiole in lateral view. 38: C. nosibeensis; 39: C. sisa, 40: C. sabatra; 41: C. mahery; 42: C. malala; 43: C. grevei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199686/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">38</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5A52EDB0D19FFFFFF7A89A1648060A7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="ED007D500D19FFFFFF7A89A1675967BA" blockId="24.[151,1436,896,1047]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDAF5A7E0D19FFFFFF7A89A1675967BA" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D19FFFFFF7A89A1650F679A" ID-CoL="ZBPQ" box="[151,378,896,919]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hova">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFF7A89A1650F679A" box="[151,378,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Crematogaster hova</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
r.
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D19FFFFFE4B89A16692679A" authority="Forel,1891: 180" authorityName="Forel" authorityPageNumber="180" authorityYear="1891" box="[422,743,896,919]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nosibeensis">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFE4B89A16654679A" box="[422,545,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">nosibeensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="6C1E5B410D19FFFFFDDC89A16692679A" author="Forel" box="[561,743,896,919]" page="180" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1891">
<bibRefCitation id="892E00A10D19FFFFFDDC89A166DF679A" author="Forel" box="[561,682,896,919]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Forel, A. (1891) Les Formicides. [part]. In: A. Grandidier (Ed), Histoire physique, naturelle, et politique de Madagascar. Volume XX. Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie (28 e fascicule). Hachette et Cie, Paris, p. 1 - 280." type="book chapter" year="1891">Forel,1891</bibRefCitation>
: 180
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Queen
<typeStatus id="3204C3F20D19FFFFFCBC89A167DB679A" box="[849,942,896,919]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
from
<collectingCountry id="95A83DC00D19FFFFFBEF89A160B7679A" box="[1026,1218,896,919]" name="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
, Nosibé (O’swald) [Hamburg Museum] [not examined, destroyed in WWII].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D19FFFFFF7A89E167C067DA" blockId="24.[151,1436,896,1047]" box="[151,949,960,983]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDAF5A7E0D19FFFFFF7A89E167C067DA" box="[151,949,960,983]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D19FFFFFF7A89E1669967DA" authority="Forel, Dalla Torre, 1893: 84" authorityName="Forel, Dalla Torre" authorityPageNumber="84" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,748,960,983]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nosibeensis">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFF7A89E165C267DA" box="[151,439,960,983]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Crematogaster nosibeensis</emphasis>
Forel,
<treatmentCitation id="6C1E5B410D19FFFFFDEE89E1669967DA" author="Dalla" box="[515,748,960,983]" page="84" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1893">
<bibRefCitation id="892E00A10D19FFFFFDEE89E166B667DA" author="Dalla" box="[515,707,960,983]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. v. (1893) Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Engelmann, W., Leipzig, 289 pp." type="book" year="1893">Dalla Torre, 1893</bibRefCitation>
: 84
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Raised to species.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D19FFFFFF7A89C1611B67FA" blockId="24.[151,1436,896,1047]" box="[151,1390,992,1015]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDAF5A7E0D19FFFFFF7A89C1611B67FA" box="[151,1390,992,1015]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D19FFFFFF7A89C1675B67FA" authority="Forel, Wheeler, 1922b: 1026" authorityName="Forel, Wheeler" authorityPageNumber="1026" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,814,992,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hova" subSpecies="nosibeensis">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFF7A89C1658767FA" box="[151,498,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Crematogaster hova nosibeensis</emphasis>
Forel,
<treatmentCitation id="6C1E5B410D19FFFFFDD389C1675B67FA" author="Wheeler" box="[574,814,992,1015]" page="1026" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1922">
<bibRefCitation id="892E00A10D19FFFFFDD389C1669E67FA" author="Wheeler" box="[574,747,992,1015]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1922 b) Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. IX. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 45, 1005 - 1055." type="journal article" year="1922" yearSuffix="b">Wheeler, 1922b</bibRefCitation>
: 1026
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Combination in
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFC0889C1678B67FA" box="[997,1022,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFBE089C160E567FA" box="[1037,1168,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D19FFFFFBE089C160FD67FA" box="[1037,1160,992,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Decacrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Decacrema</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
; subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D19FFFFFAD989C1611D67FA" ID-CoL="ZBPQ" box="[1332,1384,992,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hova">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFAD989C1611D67FA" box="[1332,1384,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">hova</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D19FFFFFF7A8E2167AB601A" blockId="24.[151,1436,896,1047]" box="[151,990,1024,1047]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDAF5A7E0D19FFFFFF7A8E2167AB601A" box="[151,990,1024,1047]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D19FFFFFF7A8E21668A601A" authority="Forel, Emery, 1922: 138" authorityName="Forel, Emery" authorityPageNumber="138" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,767,1024,1047]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hova" subSpecies="nosibeensis">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFF7A8E216587601A" box="[151,498,1024,1047]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Crematogaster hova nosibeensis</emphasis>
Forel,
<treatmentCitation id="6C1E5B410D19FFFFFDD38E21668A601A" author="Emery" box="[574,767,1024,1047]" page="138" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1922">
<bibRefCitation id="892E00A10D19FFFFFDD38E2166BF601A" author="Emery" box="[574,714,1024,1047]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Emery, C. (1922) Hymenoptera, fam. Formicidae, subfam. Myrmicinae. In: Genera Insectorum 174 B, pp. 95 - 206." type="journal article" year="1922">Emery, 1922</bibRefCitation>
: 138
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D19FFFFFC4E8E2167A2601A" ID-CoL="ZBPQ" box="[931,983,1024,1047]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hova">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFC4E8E2167A2601A" box="[931,983,1024,1047]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">hova</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D19FFFFFF7A8E64648060A7" blockId="24.[151,1438,1093,2015]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFF7A8E64652C6052" bold="true" box="[151,345,1093,1119]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<typeStatus id="3204C3F20D19FFFFFF7A8E64648A6052" box="[151,255,1093,1119]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
queen.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="95A83DC00D19FFFFFE8F8E64664C6052" box="[354,569,1093,1119]" name="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCountry id="95A83DC00D19FFFFFDA98E6466F76052" box="[580,642,1093,1119]" name="Iceland" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Bé, R.N.I. Lokobé: -13.41944, 48.33117,
<quantity id="2A47D0B50D19FFFFFB938E6460C36052" box="[1150,1206,1093,1119]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="30.0">30m</quantity>
,
<date id="99015B900D19FFFFFB2F8E64610F6052" box="[1218,1402,1093,1119]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2001-03-19" valueMax="2001-03-24" valueMin="2001-03-19">19.–24.iii.2001</date>
, at light, rainforest, B.L. Fisher
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFE168E4A664F6089" box="[507,570,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
#3420 (CASENT0436030; specimen image on Antweb) (deposited in CASC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5A52EDB0D19FFFFFF2B8E94653361D9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="ED007D500D19FFFFFF2B8E94653361D9" blockId="24.[151,1438,1093,2015]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFF2B8E9465B460C2" bold="true" box="[198,449,1205,1231]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Material examined.</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="8BAEE5950D19FFFFFE3B8E94665D60C2" box="[470,552,1205,1231]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BBBC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="8BAEE5950D19FFFFFDD68E9466FF60C2" box="[571,650,1205,1231]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">CASC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="8BAEE5950D19FFFFFD708E94668360C2" box="[669,758,1205,1231]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MHNG</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="8BAEE5950D19FFFFFCEA8E94672C60C2" box="[775,857,1205,1231]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PSWC</collectionCode>
)
<collectingCountry id="95A83DC00D19FFFFFC838E94604B60C2" box="[878,1086,1205,1231]" name="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFBA08E9460AB60C3" box="[1101,1246,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Antsiranana</emphasis>
: Ampasindava, Ambilanivy: -13.79861, 48.16167,
<quantity id="2A47D0B50D19FFFFFDDB8EFB660C60F9" box="[566,633,1242,1268]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="600.0">600m</quantity>
(B. L. Fisher
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFCF38EFA672C60F9" box="[798,857,1243,1268]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
);
<collectingCountry id="95A83DC00D19FFFFFC9E8EFB67C460F9" box="[883,945,1242,1268]" name="Iceland" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Bé, R.N.I. Lokobé: -13.41944, 48.33117,
<quantity id="2A47D0B50D19FFFFFF7A8F2164BF6117" box="[151,202,1280,1306]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="30.0">30m</quantity>
(B.L.Fisher
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFE8E8F2165EB6114" box="[355,414,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
) and -13.41670, 46.30000,
<quantity id="2A47D0B50D19FFFFFD058F2167316117" box="[744,836,1280,1306]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="200.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="0.0">0-400m</quantity>
(D.M.Olson); Nosibé [
<collectingCountry id="95A83DC00D19FFFFFBBB8F2160E26117" box="[1110,1175,1280,1306]" name="Iceland" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Bé] (Völtzkow); R.S. Manongarivo: -13.96167, 48.43333,
<quantity id="2A47D0B50D19FFFFFD6E8F0466A76132" box="[643,722,1317,1343]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="400.0">400m</quantity>
; -13.97667, 48.42333,
<quantity id="2A47D0B50D19FFFFFBE48F0460276132" box="[1033,1106,1317,1343]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="780.0">780m</quantity>
(B.L.Fisher
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFAED8F0461336133" box="[1280,1350,1317,1342]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
); R.S. Manongarivo: -13.92950, 48.45320,
<quantity id="2A47D0B50D19FFFFFD9F8F6B66CF6169" box="[626,698,1354,1380]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="275.0">275m</quantity>
(B.B.Blaimer); R.S. Ambre: -12.46889, 49.24217,
<quantity id="2A47D0B50D19FFFFFABB8F6B61E86169" box="[1366,1437,1354,1380]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="325.0">325m</quantity>
(B.L.Fisher
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFEC58F5165116184" box="[296,356,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
);
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFE6C8F5166516184" box="[385,548,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Antananarivo</emphasis>
: R.S. Ambohitantely: -18.22528, 47.28683,
<quantity id="2A47D0B50D19FFFFFBD78F5160E56187" box="[1082,1168,1392,1418]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1410.0">1410m</quantity>
, -18.17140, 47.28182,
<quantity id="2A47D0B50D19FFFFFF7A8FB4649E61A2" box="[151,235,1429,1455]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1620.0">1620m</quantity>
(Rabeson et al); R.S. Ambohitantely: -18.21722, 47.28470,
<quantity id="2A47D0B50D19FFFFFC3E8FB4605E61A2" box="[979,1067,1429,1455]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1550.0">1550m</quantity>
; -18.17272, 47.28023,
<quantity id="2A47D0B50D19FFFFFAA58FB461E961A2" box="[1352,1436,1429,1455]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1610.0">1610m</quantity>
(B.B.Blaimer).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5A52EDB0D19FFFEFF2B8FFE664D628A" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph id="ED007D500D19FFFFFF2B8FFE65BA6267" blockId="24.[151,1438,1093,2015]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFF2B8FFE659161F4" bold="true" box="[198,484,1503,1529]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Worker measurements</emphasis>
(n=13). HW 0.86–1.04; HL 0.75–0.94; EL 0.19–0.24; SL 0.64–0.81; WL 0.80– 1.05; SPL 0.13–0.21; PTH 0.17–0.22; PTL 0.24–0.30; PTW 0.26–0.37; PPL 0.17–0.22; PPW 0.23–0.31; LHT 0.65–0.88; CI 1.12–1.18; OI 0.23–0.27; SI 0.81–0.90; SPI 0.15–0.20; PTHI 0.69–0.79; PTWI 1.07–1.37; PPI 1.26–1.53; LBI 1.17–1.28.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D19FFFFFF2B8C54602D6282" blockId="24.[151,1438,1093,2015]" box="[198,1112,1653,1679]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D19FFFFFF2B8C5465B66282" bold="true" box="[198,451,1653,1679]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Worker description.</emphasis>
Small to medium size (HW 0.86–1.04, WL 0.80–1.05).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D19FFFFFF288CBB652962F2" blockId="24.[151,1438,1093,2015]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Masticatory margin of mandibles with 5 teeth; posterior margin of head straight, laterally forming round corners; antennae with scapes easily surpassing posterior margin; midline of eyes situated at midline of head in full face view.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D19FFFEFF288D2B654D64F1" blockId="24.[151,1438,1093,2015]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1438,152,2007]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pronotum laterally subangular; promesonotal suture varying from completely impressed to absent; outline of promesonotum flat in lateral view; antero-medial portion of mesonotum either slightly raised over pronotum (but never tuberculate), or indistinguishable from pronotum; dorsal face of mesonotum flat, lateral portions broadly angular; mesonotum postero-laterally angular and usually with a distinct posterior face; dorsal face of propodeum absent to very short; propodeal spines small-medium sized (SPI 0.15–0.20), between half and full the width between their bases, thin and needle-shaped, slowly tapering, straight or down-curved, in dorsal view weakly diverging (&lt;20º); propodeal spiracle large, much larger than base of spines; petiole in dorsal view weakly to distinctly lobed; subpetiolar process articulated as broad, rounded protuberance.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D18FFFEFF288B29610665D1" blockId="25.[151,1438,152,2007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Head sculpture aciculate; promesonotum dorsally aciculate with shiny parts; mesopleuron largely shiny, metapleuron carinulate to reticulate; posterior face of propodeum largely shiny; petiole dorsally mostly shiny, laterally and ventrally coarsely rugulose-reticulate; postpetiole dorsally rugulose, ventrally rugulosereticulate; helcium carinulate; erect pilosity on face reduced to 2 setae at base of frontal carinae; ventral pilosity on head reduced, ventral suberect pilosity absent; pilosity on dorsum of mesosoma usually confined to 2 erect humeral setae; petiole lacking erect pilosity; postpetiole with or without short postero-lateral setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D18FFFEFF288BC96059667F" blockId="25.[151,1438,152,2007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Two variants. Either colour brown to black, with mesosoma usually lighter coloured than head and metasoma (R.N.I. Lokobé, R.S. Manongarivo, Ampasindava, R.S. Ambre; as shown in
<figureCitation id="758461D50D18FFFEFB22882C6154662A" box="[1231,1313,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURES 32 – 37" captionStartId="29.[151,270,1974,1998]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,196,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[179,1407,166,1953]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 32 – 37. Malagasy Crematogaster (Decacrema) species; a: full-face view, b: lateral view, c: dorsal view. 32: C. nosibeensis; 33: C. sisa; 34: C. sabatra; 35: C. mahery; 36: C. malala; 37: C. grevei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199685/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D18FFFEFB22882C6154662A" bold="true" box="[1231,1313,525,551]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig 32</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="758461D50D18FFFEFAA7882C611D662A" box="[1354,1384,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 43" captionStartId="30.[151,270,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[221,1364,193,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[200,1385,164,1882]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 43. Malagasy Crematogaster (Decacrema) species; a: petiole &amp; postpetiole in dorsal view, b: petiole &amp; postpetiole in lateral view. 38: C. nosibeensis; 39: C. sisa, 40: C. sabatra; 41: C. mahery; 42: C. malala; 43: C. grevei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199686/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D18FFFEFAA7882C611D662A" bold="true" box="[1354,1384,525,551]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">38</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
), or distinctly bi-coloured with head, mesosoma and part of A4 reddish to orange and rest of metasoma dark brown (R.S. Ambohitantely; specimen image on Antweb: CASENT0423447).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D18FFFEFF28885C6021670A" blockId="25.[151,1438,152,2007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D18FFFEFF28885C6651669A" bold="true" box="[197,548,637,663]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Queen measurements (n=3).</emphasis>
HW 1.64–1.72, HL 1.37–1.39, EL 0.43–0.45, SL 0.92–0.94, MSNW 1.33– 1.37, MSNL 2.06–2.07, PTH 0.34–0.38, PTL 0.41–0.47, PTW 0.44–0.54, PPL 0.39–0.43, PPW 0.47–0.54, SPL 0.12–0.16, WL 2.20–2.29, LHT 1.06–1.10, CI 1.20–1.24, OI 0.31–0.33, SI 0.66–0.68, MSNI 0.64–0.66, PTHI 0.71–0.93, PTWI 0.95–1.33, PPI 1.18–1.26, SPI 0.05–0.07, LBI 2.08–2.09.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D18FFFEFF2B89336529675F" blockId="25.[151,1438,152,2007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D18FFFEFF2B893365C26721" bold="true" box="[198,439,786,812]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Queen description.</emphasis>
Medium size (HW 1.64–1.72; WL 2.20–2.29). With worker characters except as described below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D18FFFEFF28897C66FA6791" blockId="25.[151,1438,152,2007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Antennal scapes not surpassing posterior margin of head; midline of eyes situated below midline of head in full face view; posterior margin straight.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D18FFFEFF288989600160CA" blockId="25.[151,1438,152,2007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Mesosoma short and compact (MSNI 0.64–0.66, WL 2.20–2.29); mesoscutum in dorsal view subcircular, short, about as long as wide; scutellum in lateral view greatly projecting over postscutellum; mesopleuron with episternal groove weakly impressed; in lateral view mesepisternum meeting pronotum in nearly perpendicular angle; dorsal face of propodeum very short; propodeal suture shallow, but laterally reaching level of propodeal spiracle; propodeal spines ranging from denticles to very sharp points, never reduced to tubercules; petiole somewhat flattened anteriorly in lateral view; dorsal face of petiole flat; subpetiolar process reduced to small angular antero-ventral tooth; metasoma oval-shaped in dorsal view, shorter and broader than in other
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D18FFFEFE7E8E8C666C60CB" box="[403,537,1197,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Decacrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D18FFFEFE7E8E8C666C60CB" box="[403,537,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Decacrema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species; abdominal segment 4 narrowed anteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D18FFFEFF288EF366F1618F" blockId="25.[151,1438,152,2007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Propodeum with a single transverse ridge or carinae marking the border to posterior face; petiole reticulate throughout; postpetiole feebly reticulate throughout; 10–12 erect setae on face; mesonotum with 20–24 erect setae, but leaving median portion of mesonotum devoid of erect pilosity; dorso-posterior short, erect setae on petiole and postpetiole present, in addition petiole and postpetiole with lateral suberect to erect setae and scattered appressed pubescence.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D18FFFEFF288FAC649C61C1" blockId="25.[151,1438,152,2007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Meso- and metasoma brown, head reddish brown, legs brown to dark brown, metasoma brown to dark brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D18FFFEFF2B8FF6664D628A" blockId="25.[151,1438,152,2007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D18FFFEFF2B8FF6653461FC" bold="true" box="[198,321,1495,1521]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Variation.</emphasis>
This species displays interesting bimodal variation in coloration, similar to that expressed in
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D18FFFEFA6C8FF964AA621B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grevei">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D18FFFEFA6C8FF964AA621B" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. grevei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Workers of populations from northern
<collectingCountry id="95A83DC00D18FFFEFD598FDC6737621A" box="[692,834,1533,1559]" name="Madagascar" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(R.N.I. Lokobé, R.S. Manongarivo, Ampasindava, R.S. Ambre) are brown or black, whereas the isolated population from the central highlands of
<collectingCountry id="95A83DC00D18FFFEFAE18C0361EE6231" box="[1292,1435,1570,1596]" name="Madagascar" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(R.S. Ambohitantely) is bi-coloured red-orange and black. Individuals from the latter are also generally larger. Queens lack the variation in colour.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5A52EDB0D18FFFDFF2B8CB3605366B1" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="ED007D500D18FFFEFF2B8CB366D7636A" blockId="25.[151,1438,152,2007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D18FFFEFF2B8CB3652062A1" bold="true" box="[198,341,1682,1708]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Comments.</emphasis>
Elevation from subspecies to species rank for
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D18FFFEFC3C8CB260F362A1" box="[977,1158,1683,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nosibeensis">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D18FFFEFC3C8CB260F362A1" box="[977,1158,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. nosibeensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is warranted beyond morphology by analyses of nuclear DNA data that place this species firmly outside the
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D18FFFEFB7B8C99608462DC" box="[1174,1265,1720,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hova">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D18FFFEFB7B8C99608462DC" box="[1174,1265,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. hova</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex. The sympatric occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D18FFFEFE2A8CFC660D62FB" box="[455,632,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nosibeensis">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D18FFFEFE2A8CFC660D62FB" box="[455,632,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. nosibeensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D18FFFEFD008CFC673962FB" box="[749,844,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hova">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D18FFFEFD008CFC673962FB" box="[749,844,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. hova</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex at all localities, except R.N.I. Lokobé, further supports this decision. The conspecificity of the northern populations with the R.S. Ambohitantely population is established by both morphology and nuclear DNA data. The designation of a
<typeStatus id="3204C3F20D18FFFEFB088D096131634F" box="[1253,1348,1832,1858]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
for the species is justified for the following reasons.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D18FFFDFF288D5366EE652F" blockId="25.[151,1438,152,2007]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,152,1895]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
1) A name-bearing
<typeStatus id="3204C3F20D18FFFEFE568D5365846381" box="[443,497,1906,1932]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
is necessary to support the rank elevation of
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D18FFFEFBDC8D52609D6381" box="[1073,1256,1907,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nosibeensis">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D18FFFEFBDC8D52609D6381" box="[1073,1256,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. nosibeensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and to clearly demarcate this species from the
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D18FFFEFDDC8DB966E163BC" box="[561,660,1944,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hova">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D18FFFEFDDC8DB966E163BC" box="[561,660,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. hova</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex. Both queens and workers of this species are easily distinguished from the
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D18FFFEFE408D9C667E63DB" box="[429,523,1981,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hova">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D18FFFEFE408D9C667E63DB" box="[429,523,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. hova</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex by a combination of characters. Diagnostic for queens is the short and compact mesosoma, the short propodeum with a transverse ridge or carinae bordering the propodeal declivity, and the acute propodeal spines compared to queens in the
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D1BFFFDFBFF8A9C600364DB" box="[1042,1142,189,214]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hova">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFBFF8A9C600364DB" box="[1042,1142,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. hova</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex. Workers are recognizable by means of their blunt or broadly rounded subpetiolar process, the postero-lateral angular promesonotum, and their reduced sculpture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D1BFFFDFF288B0C6699659F" blockId="26.[151,1437,152,1895]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
2) Confirmation has been obtained from the “Zoologisches Museum” in Hamburg,
<collectingCountry id="95A83DC00D1BFFFDFB2A8B0C614D654A" box="[1223,1336,301,327]" name="Germany" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Germany</collectingCountry>
that the queen
<typeStatus id="3204C3F20D1BFFFDFF088B7365396561" box="[229,332,338,364]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D1BFFFDFE988B7366176566" box="[373,610,338,363]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hova" subSpecies="nosibeensis">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFE988B7366176566" box="[373,610,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. hova nosibeensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected by M. O’swald were among the collections of this museum destroyed in World War II (R. Peters, pers comm.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D1BFFFDFF288BBC64966641" blockId="26.[151,1437,152,1895]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
3) The conspecificity of the
<typeStatus id="3204C3F20D1BFFFDFDF18BBC660E65BA" box="[540,635,413,439]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
with the former name-bearing
<typeStatus id="3204C3F20D1BFFFDFC198BBC604665BA" box="[1012,1075,413,439]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">types</typeStatus>
seems secured since it agrees perfectly with the original description. Moreover, this is the only species in the
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFBAD8BE360A565D6" box="[1088,1232,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Decacrema-</emphasis>
group that occurs at the
<typeStatus id="3204C3F20D1BFFFDFF338BC96565660F" box="[222,272,488,514]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
locality, the island of
<collectingCountry id="95A83DC00D1BFFFDFDF98BC96627660F" box="[532,594,488,514]" name="Iceland" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Bé [= Nosibé, the old spelling in the original description (
<collectingCountry id="95A83DC00D1BFFFDFB108BC961EE660F" box="[1277,1435,488,514]" name="United States of America" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">United States</collectingCountry>
Board on
<bibRefCitation id="892E00A10D1BFFFDFEE2882C662A662A" author="Geographical" box="[271,607,525,551]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="United States Board on Geographical Names (1989) Gazetteer of Madagascar (2 nd ed.). Defense Mapping Agency, Washington, D. C., 826 pp." type="book" year="1989">Geographical Names, 1989</bibRefCitation>
)], from where the collections of M. O’swald are documented (
<bibRefCitation id="892E00A10D1BFFFDFABE882C64A36641" author="Forel" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Forel, A. (1891) Les Formicides. [part]. In: A. Grandidier (Ed), Histoire physique, naturelle, et politique de Madagascar. Volume XX. Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie (28 e fascicule). Hachette et Cie, Paris, p. 1 - 280." type="book chapter" year="1891">Forel, 1891</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D1BFFFDFF288879605366B1" blockId="26.[151,1437,152,1895]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
A queen collected from the
<typeStatus id="3204C3F20D1BFFFDFDE788796649667F" box="[522,572,600,626]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
locality
<collectingCountry id="95A83DC00D1BFFFDFD4E88796694667F" box="[675,737,600,626]" name="Iceland" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Bé is hereby chosen as the
<typeStatus id="3204C3F20D1BFFFDFBC8887960F7667F" box="[1061,1154,600,626]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
and a full description is presented above. For the benefit of having a comprehensive
<typeStatus id="3204C3F20D1BFFFDFC65885C67C8669A" box="[904,957,637,663]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
collection in one place, the
<typeStatus id="3204C3F20D1BFFFDFAF3885C610A669A" box="[1310,1407,637,663]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
is deposited together with the other
<typeStatus id="3204C3F20D1BFFFDFDCD8883662666B1" box="[544,595,674,700]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
material in the CASC, not in Hamburg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5A52EDB0D1BFFFDFF2B88E6666E636A" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="ED007D500D1BFFFDFF2B88E667AC603F" blockId="26.[151,1437,152,1895]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFF2B88E6667766EC" bold="true" box="[198,514,711,737]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution and biology.</emphasis>
This species shows a distribution mostly restricted to low and mid-elevation rainforests of the Sambirano Region of Madagascar’s northwest, including the island of
<collectingCountry id="95A83DC00D1BFFFDFB1588CC614C670A" box="[1272,1337,749,775]" name="Iceland" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Bé, the Ampasindava peninsula and the Manongarivo massif (
<figureCitation id="758461D50D1BFFFDFCFE893367126721" box="[787,871,786,812]" captionStart="FIGURES 54 – 57" captionStartId="33.[151,270,1948,1972]" captionTargetBox="[294,1298,205,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[285,1302,194,1927]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 54 – 57. Distributions of Malagasy Crematogaster (Decacrema). 54: C. grevei; 55: C. mahery; 56: C. malala; 57: C. nosibeensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199689/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFCFE893367126721" bold="true" box="[787,871,786,812]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 57</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
). The Sambirano forests are remarkable in plant composition, harboring high local endemism (
<bibRefCitation id="892E00A10D1BFFFDFD1E8919602D675F" author="Gautier" box="[755,1112,824,850]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Gautier, L. &amp; Goodman, S. M. (2003) Introduction to the Flora of Madagascar. In: S. M. Goodman &amp; J. P. Benstead (Eds), The Natural History of Madagascar. Chicago University Press, Chicago, pp. 229 - 250." type="book chapter" year="2003">Gautier &amp; Goodman, 2003</bibRefCitation>
). Isolated populations of
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D1BFFFDFF7A897C6592677B" box="[151,487,861,886]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nosibeensis">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFF7A897C6592677B" box="[151,487,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Crematogaster nosibeensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exist in the transitional dry forests of the R.S. Ambre in the foothills of the Montagne d’Ambre massif in the far north of
<collectingCountry id="95A83DC00D1BFFFDFD0889A367086791" box="[741,893,898,924]" name="Madagascar" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and the R.S. Ambohitantely in the central highlands. Ambohitantely forest is one of the last remnants of montane transition forest in this region as most of the surrounding vegetation has been altered into grasslands, probably due to excessive burning related to agricultural practices. It seems therefore likely that the species once spanned a more continuous distribution reaching from Madagascar’s north southwards to the central highlands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D1BFFFDFF288E1C6096613A" blockId="26.[151,1437,152,1895]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
In the R.S. Manongarivo, I collected workers of
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D1BFFFDFCFE8E1C67B7605B" box="[787,962,1085,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nosibeensis">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFCFE8E1C67B7605B" box="[787,962,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. nosibeensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from a trunk of
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D1BFFFDFB618E1C6177605B" box="[1164,1282,1085,1110]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Calanticidae" genus="Calantica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFB618E1C6177605B" box="[1164,1282,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Calantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D1BFFFDFAFE8E1C61ED605A" box="[1299,1432,1085,1111]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Salicaceae</taxonomicName>
; vernacular name “Janganito”) that were transporting wood fibers to a carton nest out of reach for any of my collection methods. I therefore assume that this species makes carton nests in the Manongarivo region, although it has never been collected from a carton nest at any of the northern localities. Fisher
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFB1D8E8C615E60CB" box="[1264,1323,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
collected workers of
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D1BFFFDFEF68EF265B160E1" box="[283,452,1235,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nosibeensis">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFEF68EF265B160E1" box="[283,452,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. nosibeensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with various ground-sampling techniques, but never in association with its nest site. In R.S. Manongarivo this species certainly belongs to the rarer and less dominant species of
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D1BFFFDFB0B8ED961E0611C" box="[1254,1429,1272,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFB0B8ED961E0611C" box="[1254,1429,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Crematogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, since I was able to make no more than two collections during a period of four collecting days.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED007D500D1BFFFDFF288F63666E636A" blockId="26.[151,1437,152,1895]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
In striking contrast however,
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D1BFFFDFDC68F6266AF6151" box="[555,730,1347,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nosibeensis">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFDC68F6266AF6151" box="[555,730,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. nosibeensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a conspicuous and dominant element of the canopy ant fauna in R.S. Ambohitantely, side by side with the
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D1BFFFDFCF08F49670A618C" box="[797,895,1384,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hova">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFCF08F49670A618C" box="[797,895,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. hova</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex. Here I found the species nesting exclusively in carton nests, mostly constructed high up (ca.
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) in the canopy. One remarkable collection event involved two very large, polydomous carton nest colonies that had nests in neighbouring trees of the endemic genus
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D1BFFFDFEA08FF966D161FF" box="[333,676,1496,1522]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sarcolaenaceae" genus="Sarcolaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Huerteales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFEA08FF965A461FC" box="[333,465,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Sarcolaena</emphasis>
(Sarcolaenaceae)
</taxonomicName>
. Each colony consisted of two large (
<date id="99015B900D1BFFFDFBB58FF960EA61FF" box="[1112,1183,1496,1522]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1915-10-15">
15x
<quantity id="2A47D0B50D1BFFFDFB6E8FF960EA61FF" box="[1155,1183,1496,1522]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="cm" value="15.0">15</quantity>
</date>
cm –
<date id="99015B900D1BFFFDFB0E8FF9615861FF" box="[1251,1325,1496,1522]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1925-10-20">
20x
<quantity id="2A47D0B50D1BFFFDFAFD8FF9615861FF" box="[1296,1325,1496,1522]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="cm" value="25.0">25</quantity>
</date>
cm) nests housing either workers, reproductives and brood, or just workers and brood. Close to the main nests, 4–6 smaller (ca.
<date id="99015B900D1BFFFDFEDC8C0365246231" box="[305,337,1570,1596]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">2x</date>
<quantity id="2A47D0B50D1BFFFDFEBC8C0365F06231" box="[337,389,1570,1596]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="cm" value="1.0">1cm</quantity>
–
<date id="99015B900D1BFFFDFE488C0365B66231" box="[421,451,1570,1596]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">5x</date>
<quantity id="2A47D0B50D1BFFFDFE2E8C03658F6231" box="[451,506,1570,1596]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="cm" value="5.0">5cm</quantity>
) satellite carton nests or shelters were present, containing worker ants and mealybugs of an undescribed species in the genus
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D1BFFFDFD088C696035626F" box="[741,1088,1608,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Tylococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFD088C696711626C" box="[741,868,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tylococcus</emphasis>
(Pseudococcidae)
</taxonomicName>
, which were morphologically close to but distinct from those collected with
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D1BFFFDFD508C4C674C628B" box="[701,825,1645,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahery">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFD508C4C674C628B" box="[701,825,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. mahery</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in P.N. Andringitra (P.J. Gullan, pers. comm.). The sole function of these satellite carton shelters appears to be the protection of the mealybugs. Besides workers, a dealate queen (each) and brood, both of these colonies also contained massive numbers of alates, both queens and males. This suggests that this was the height of reproduction for this species in the region (month of February). In contrast, none of the colonies of the C.
<taxonomicName id="2ABF06D30D1BFFFDFCC28D22671D6311" box="[815,872,1795,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hova">
<emphasis id="DFCBA1420D1BFFFDFCC28D22671D6311" box="[815,872,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">hova</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex collected in Ambohitantely possessed alates – the temporal separation of reproduction may act as an important mechanism of reproductive isolation between these sympatric species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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