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<document id="B3C57FC3C26CE62B0CA232A337F22CB2" ID-CLB-Dataset="249252" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5264.1.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6bfe23a2-b07c-4741-b07d-3090c751b960" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7836260" ID-ZooBank="CB24573C-6C32-4157-BCEB-57DE0EF62BB1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1681726489357" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wang, Ji-Shen" docDate="2023" docId="03E987F9360AFFE9B2AD4323EE3C97B4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5264.1.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5264 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5264.1.7" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Neopanorpa exaggerata Wang 2023, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="114" masterDocId="FFD0FF81360BFFECB23A452DEF2A9411" masterDocTitle="Evolving longer for a mate: A new scorpionfly (Mecoptera: Panorpoidea: Panorpidae) with exaggeratedly elongated male abdominal segments" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="110" updateTime="1702001242560" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="39F7095B929B96C4F7B3E5B12ACF0133">Evolving longer for a mate: A new scorpionfly (Mecoptera: Panorpoidea: Panorpidae) with exaggeratedly elongated male abdominal segments</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0D23F45590617353F4650A7CFE034FF4">Wang, Ji-Shen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4FBB4DF645423435B0DC67555BDFD8B7">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="108D90963929960A1F0AA2D329458204">2023-04-12</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B327D11B0FCF29451D027A05609E2524" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5264.1.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E987F9360AFFE9B2AD4323EE3C97B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7838247" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209508717" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7838247" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987F9360AFFE9B2AD4323EE3C97B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E987F9360AFFE9B2AD4323EE3C97B4" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
<subSubSection id="C35A6564360AFFEDB2AD4323ED679258" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF360AFFEDB2AD4323ED2E9236" blockId="1.[151,589,1549,1647]" box="[151,516,1549,1576]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
<heading id="D0B78183360AFFEDB2AD4323ED2E9236" bold="true" box="[151,516,1549,1576]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB2AD4323ED2E9236" bold="true" box="[151,516,1549,1576]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="4C404D6C360AFFEDB2AD4323EE909239" authority="Wang, 2023" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,442,1550,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Neopanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exaggerata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB2AD4323EE909239" bold="true" box="[151,442,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Neopanorpa exaggerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2075786360AFFEDB3FB4320ED2E9236" box="[449,516,1549,1575]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF360AFFEDB2AD431CED679258" blockId="1.[151,589,1549,1647]" box="[151,589,1585,1612]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
Chinese vernacular name:
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB3FB431FED679258" bold="true" box="[449,589,1586,1609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">KDḿffiẘ</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A6564360AFFEDB2AD4378EE26927E" box="[151,268,1621,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF360AFFEDB2AD4378EE26927E" blockId="1.[151,589,1549,1647]" box="[151,268,1621,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360AFFEDB2A54378EFCC927E" box="[159,230,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-239@2.[151,1435,597,1608]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and habitus of Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. A distant view of the type locality; B. A closer view of the type locality; red arrow denotes the spot where the specimens were caught; C. Male adult of Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. (not in the type series) resting on a piece of leaf; red arrows indicate melanized wounds relating to possible intra-sexual disputes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836262/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360AFFEDB2CE4378EE29927E" box="[244,259,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A6564360AFFEDB2AD43B5EA1892A3" box="[151,1330,1688,1715]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF360AFFEDB2AD43B5EA1892A3" blockId="1.[151,1436,1688,2038]" box="[151,1330,1688,1715]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB2AD43B5EE3492A3" bold="true" box="[151,286,1688,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet, “
<taxonomicName id="4C404D6C360AFFEDB02643B4EDB092A3" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="2023" box="[540,666,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Neopanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exaggerata">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB02643B4EDB092A3" box="[540,666,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">exaggerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (exaggerate) pertains to the EEAS of the male. Participle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A6564360AFFEEB2FD4391EA0094C4" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF360AFFEEB2FD4391EA0094C4" blockId="1.[151,1436,1688,2038]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB2FD4391EE6892C7" bold="true" box="[199,322,1724,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This new species superficially resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C404D6C360AFFEDB1364390ECF492C6" box="[780,990,1725,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Leptopanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB1364390EC8192C7" box="[780,939,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Leptopanorpa</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
by the EEAS. However, it can be readily differentiated from the latter by the following characters: in males, 1) epandrium lacking a median projection at apex (
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360AFFEDB2E14229EE06930F" box="[219,300,1796,1822]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB30D4229EE61930F" box="[311,331,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">cf</emphasis>
. present); 2) epandrial lobe greatly developed (
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360AFFEDB1624229EC8D930F" box="[856,935,1796,1822]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB1884229ECEC930F" box="[946,966,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">cf</emphasis>
. small); 3) parameres slender (
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360AFFEDB7244229EA5C930F" box="[1310,1398,1796,1822]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB7BB4229EABF930F" box="[1409,1429,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">cf</emphasis>
. usually enlarged and thick); 4) ventral aedeagal valves conspicuous (
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360AFFEDB1B24205ECF49353" box="[904,990,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB1D24205ECD69353" box="[1000,1020,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">cf</emphasis>
. greatly reduced); 5) lateral processes of piston of sperm pump short, not reaching lateral processes (
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360AFFEDB1704261ECB59377" box="[842,927,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Fig. 2L</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB1904261EC949377" box="[938,958,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">cf</emphasis>
. elongated and reaching lateral processes); and in females, 6) axis of medigynium straight (
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360AFFEDB08D425DEC3B939B" box="[695,785,1904,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Fig. 2N</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB127425DEC1B939B" box="[797,817,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">cf</emphasis>
. usually curved dorsad). This new species also closely resembles some congeners in the
<taxonomicName id="4C404D6C360AFFEDB02942B8EDDF93BF" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1936" box="[531,757,1940,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Neopanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pielina">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB02942B8EDDF93BF" box="[531,757,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Neopanorpa pielina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB17F42B8ECA993BF" box="[837,899,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B1E360AFFEDB1B142B8EB4993BF" author="Wang, J. - S. &amp; B. - Z. Hua" box="[907,1123,1940,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="526 - 557" refId="ref7650" refString="Wang, J. - S. &amp; B. - Z. Hua. (2021) Morphological phylogeny of Panorpidae (Mecoptera: Panorpoidea). Systematic Entomology, 46, 526 - 557. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12474" type="journal article" year="2021">Wang &amp; Hua 2021</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB65442B8EBBD93BF" box="[1134,1175,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">e.g.</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C404D6C360AFFEDB69C42B8EE4593C3" authority="Wang &amp; Hua, 2018" authorityName="Wang &amp; Hua" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Neopanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diancangshanensis">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB69C42B8EAB693BF" box="[1190,1436,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">N. diancangshanensis</emphasis>
Wang &amp; Hua, 2018
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C404D6C360AFFEDB3434294ED4E93C3" authority="Zhou, 2000" authorityName="Zhou" authorityYear="2000" box="[377,612,1976,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Neopanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB3434294EEF193C3" box="[377,475,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">N. tenuis</emphasis>
Zhou, 2000
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C404D6C360AFFEDB0A14294ECD493C3" authority="Hua &amp; Chou, 1999" authorityName="Hua &amp; Chou" authorityYear="1999" box="[667,1022,1976,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Neopanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibetensis">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB0A14294EC0F93C3" box="[667,805,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">N. tibetensis</emphasis>
Hua &amp; Chou, 1999
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB6324294EB0393C3" box="[1032,1065,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">etc</emphasis>
., but can be readily differentiated by the unmatched length of the male abdomen. The female superficially resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="4C404D6C360AFFEDB64342F0EA4493E7" authorityName="Wang &amp; Hua" authorityYear="2018" box="[1145,1390,2012,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Neopanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diancangshanensis">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360AFFEDB64342F0EA4493E7" box="[1145,1390,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">N. diancangshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C404D6C3609FFEEB2AD45BAEE0B94A0" authorityName="Hua &amp; Chou" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,289,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Neopanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibetensis">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD3609FFEEB2AD45BAEE0B94A0" box="[151,289,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">N. tibetensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the general appearance, especially the branched pterostigmal band in fore- and hindwings, but can be differentiated from the latter by the axis of medigynium longer than posterior arms (
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A3609FFEEB67F4596EBB494C4" box="[1093,1182,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Fig. 2N</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B934EAFD3609FFEEB6934596EB9794C4" box="[1193,1213,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">cf</emphasis>
. shorter).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A65643609FFEEB2FD45F2EAAA9574" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF3609FFEEB2FD45F2EAAA9574" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD3609FFEEB2FD45F2EE7D94E9" bold="true" box="[199,343,222,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Type series.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B283CB23609FFEEB35945F2EEB79550" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4079294304" collectingDate="2022-06-30" collectionCode="DALU-CN" collectorName="Zhi-Wei Dong &amp; Yan-Dong Chen." country="China" county="Shilin Yi Autonomous County" elevation="1600" latitude="24.666" location="Bajiang River" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="103.195" municipality="Pa" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" specimenCode="DALU-CN22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F357767F3609FFEEB35945F2EEEA94E8" box="[355,448,223,249]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="4984F80D3609FFEEB3F445F2EDBD94E8" box="[462,663,223,249]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
:
<typeStatus id="54FB884D3609FFEEB09C45F2EC2494E8" box="[678,782,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
♁ (
<specimenCode id="DBE69E943609FFEEB17845F2ECCA94E8" box="[834,992,223,249]" collectionCode="DALU-CN" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">DALU-CN22</specimenCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9BAC953609FFEEB1DA45F2ECD794E8" box="[992,1021,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Pa</collectingMunicipality>
00800), riverbank of
<location id="8E9F60343609FFEEB6CF45F2EAB294E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987F9360AFFE9B2AD4323EE3C97B4:8E9F60343609FFEEB6CF45F2EAB294E8" box="[1269,1432,223,249]" country="China" county="Shilin Yi Autonomous County" latitude="24.666" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="103.195" municipality="Pa" name="Bajiang River" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" stateProvince="Yunnan">Bajiang River</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7450283609FFEEB2AD442EEE2C950C" box="[151,262,259,285]" degrees="24.666" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" precision="55" value="24.666">24.666°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7450283609FFEEB32C442FEEB4950C" box="[278,414,258,285]" degrees="103.1950" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" precision="5" value="103.195">103.1950°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CB89B0A3609FFEEB397442EED22950C" box="[429,520,259,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="1600.0">
<elevation id="006DD1DC3609FFEEB397442EED22950C" box="[429,520,259,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingCounty id="629E4E633609FFEEB022442EEC53950C" box="[536,889,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Shilin Yi Autonomous County</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="8E9F60343609FFEEB1BD442EEB58950C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987F9360AFFE9B2AD4323EE3C97B4:8E9F60343609FFEEB1BD442EEB58950C" box="[903,1138,259,285]" country="China" county="Shilin Yi Autonomous County" latitude="24.666" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="103.195" municipality="Pa" name="Kunming Prefecture" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" stateProvince="Yunnan">Kunming Prefecture</location>
,
<date id="FFFE102F3609FFEEB6BB442EEBD1950C" box="[1153,1275,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" value="2022-06-30">
<collectingDate id="EFBAE9C73609FFEEB6BB442EEBD1950C" box="[1153,1275,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" value="2022-06-30">30.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26B553393609FFEEB77A442EEFF29550" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Zhi-Wei Dong</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26B553393609FFEEB2DB440AEEB79550" box="[225,413,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Yan-Dong Chen.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B283CB23609FFEEB39B440AEC8A9550" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4079294301" box="[417,928,295,323]" collectionCode="DALU-CN" country="China" location="Pa" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" specimenCode="DALU-CN22" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54FB884D3609FFEEB39B440AED249550" box="[417,526,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
2♁♁ (
<specimenCode id="DBE69E943609FFEEB063440AEDD29550" box="[601,760,295,321]" collectionCode="DALU-CN" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">DALU-CN22</specimenCode>
<location id="8E9F60343609FFEEB0CD440AEC3E9550" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987F9360AFFE9B2AD4323EE3C97B4:8E9F60343609FFEEB0CD440AEC3E9550" box="[759,788,295,321]" country="China" name="Pa" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Pa</location>
00801, -802)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B283CB23609FFEEB19C440AEA709550" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4079294302" box="[934,1370,295,321]" collectionCode="DALU-CN" country="China" location="Pa" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" specimenCode="DALU-CN22" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D46FD663609FFEEB19C440AECE29550" box="[934,968,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DBE69E943609FFEEB1EC440AEB5F9550" box="[982,1141,295,321]" collectionCode="DALU-CN" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">DALU-CN22</specimenCode>
<location id="8E9F60343609FFEEB64E440AEBBB9550" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987F9360AFFE9B2AD4323EE3C97B4:8E9F60343609FFEEB64E440AEBBB9550" box="[1140,1169,295,321]" country="China" name="Pa" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Pa</location>
00803), same data
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B283CB23609FFEEB75E440AEAAA9574" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4079294303" collectingDate="2022-07-01" collectionCode="DALU-CN" collectorName="Ji-Shen Wang &amp; Zhi-Wei Dong &amp; Yan-Dong Chen." country="China" location="Pa" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" specimenCode="DALU-CN22" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D46FD663609FFEEB75E440AEAB69550" box="[1380,1436,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DBE69E943609FFEEB2A54466EE119574" box="[159,315,331,357]" collectionCode="DALU-CN" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">DALU-CN22</specimenCode>
<location id="8E9F60343609FFEEB3064466EE739574" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987F9360AFFE9B2AD4323EE3C97B4:8E9F60343609FFEEB3064466EE739574" box="[316,345,331,357]" country="China" name="Pa" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Pa</location>
00804, -805), same data except
<date id="FFFE102F3609FFEEB0814466EC059574" box="[699,815,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" value="2022-07-01">
<collectingDate id="EFBAE9C73609FFEEB0814466EC059574" box="[699,815,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" value="2022-07-01">1.vii.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26B553393609FFEEB1514466EB209574" box="[875,1034,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Ji-Shen Wang</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26B553393609FFEEB62E4466EB939574" box="[1044,1209,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Zhi-Wei Dong</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26B553393609FFEEB6F94466EAAA9574" box="[1219,1408,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Yan-Dong Chen.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A65643609FFE8B2FD4442EB3993A3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF3609FFEEB2FD4442EDDE962C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD3609FFEEB2FD4442EE5C9598" bold="true" box="[199,374,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Measurements</emphasis>
(mm). Male:
<typeStatus id="54FB884D3609FFEEB0294442ED519598" box="[531,635,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(DALU-CN22Pa00800): FL 15.5, FW 3.2, HL 14.3, HW 3.1; BL 65.0, AbL 59.8, A1–5L 6.8, A6L 6.0, A7L 18.5, A8L 18.2, A9L 11.0;
<typeStatus id="54FB884D3609FFEEB14744BEECF595BC" box="[893,991,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
(DALU-CN22Pa00801): FL 15.0, FW 3.0, HL 14.0, HW 2.9, BL 60.0, AbL 54.5, A1–A5L 6.2, A6L 5.5, A7L 16.5, A8L 16.0, A9L 9.0;
<typeStatus id="54FB884D3609FFEEB6E9449AEA1F95C0" box="[1235,1333,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
(DALUCN22Pa00802): FL 14.8, FW 3.0, HL 13.7, HW 2.9, BL 39.0, AbL 34.8, A1–A5L 5.0, A6L 3.5, A7L 10.5, A8L 9.8, A9L 6.0. Female:
<typeStatus id="54FB884D3609FFEEB3A144D2ED229608" box="[411,520,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(DALU-CN22Pa00803–805, three individuals): FL 14.5–15.0, FW 2.9–3.1, HL 13.2–14.0, HW 2.8–3.0, BL 13.0–15.5, AbL 9.0–11.0.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3F66673609FFEEB2AD4372EFD892F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7836262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836262/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" startId="2.[151,250,1631,1655]" targetBox="[151,1435,597,1608]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF3609FFEEB2AD4372EFD892F5" blockId="2.[151,1437,1631,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD3609FFEEB2AD4372EC719269" bold="true" box="[151,859,1631,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
FIGURE 1. Habitat and habitus of
<taxonomicName id="4C404D6C3609FFEEB026434DEC339266" authority="Wang, 2023" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="2023" box="[540,793,1632,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Neopanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exaggerata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD3609FFEEB026434DEC339266" bold="true" box="[540,793,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Neopanorpa exaggerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757863609FFEEB11B434DEC719269" box="[801,859,1632,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A. A distant view of the type locality; B. A closer view of the type locality; red arrow denotes the spot where the specimens were caught; C. Male adult of
<taxonomicName id="4C404D6C3609FFEEB69943A9EAB6928A" authority="Wang, 2023" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1187,1436,1668,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Neopanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exaggerata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD3609FFEEB69943A9EAB6928A" box="[1187,1436,1668,1691]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Neopanorpa exaggerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B934EAFD3609FFEEB2AD4385EFFB92D1" bold="true" box="[151,209,1704,1728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757863609FFEEB2AD4385EFFB92D1" box="[151,209,1704,1728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(not in the type series) resting on a piece of leaf; red arrows indicate melanized wounds relating to possible intra-sexual disputes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF3609FFEEB2FD423FEDBE9365" blockId="2.[151,1437,1810,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD3609FFEEB2FD423FEEB6933D" bold="true" box="[199,412,1810,1836]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Description-male.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B934EAFD3609FFEEB39E423FEECB933D" box="[420,481,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A3609FFEEB3C8423FED60933D" box="[498,586,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Head yellowish brown with black pattern elongated from hind border of antennal sockets through ocellar triangle to occiput. Rostrum yellowish brown without any conspicuous stripes. Antennae with 46–49 blackish flagellomeres.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF3609FFEEB2FD4253EBAF93F1" blockId="2.[151,1437,1810,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD3609FFEEB2FD4253EE329389" box="[199,280,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A3609FFEEB3164253EE859389" box="[300,431,1918,1944]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Fig. 2A, C</figureCitation>
). Pronotum black with nominally eight stout setae along anterior margin. Meso- and metanotum yellowish brown without conspicuous stripes. Legs yellowish brown and darkening toward apex, with second preapical tooth of pretarsal claws distinctly enlarged (
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A3609FFEEB17F42EBECB693F1" box="[837,924,1990,2016]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
, red arrow denoted).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF3608FFEFB2FD45BAEE04950C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD3608FFEFB2FD45BAEE2194A1" box="[199,267,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Wings</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A3608FFEFB32445BAEE5D94A0" box="[286,375,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Wing membrane hyaline and slightly tinged with yellowish brown, markings dark brown. Pterostigma brown and inconspicuous. Apical band broad with concaved inner margin; pterostigmal band broad with well-developed apical and basal branches; other markings absent. R six-branched, R
<subScript id="17C434AA3608FFEFB6AE45DCEBB694EE" attach="left" box="[1172,1180,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">2</subScript>
bifurcated. 1A ending basal to ORs.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3F66673608FFEFB2AD4357EC1293C7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" startId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" targetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF3608FFEFB2AD4357EC1293C7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1658,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD3608FFEFB2AD4357ED7D9282" bold="true" box="[151,599,1658,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
FIGURE 2.
<taxonomicName id="4C404D6C3608FFEFB3204356ED3C9283" authority="Wang, 2023" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="2023" box="[282,534,1659,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Neopanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exaggerata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD3608FFEFB3204356ED3C9283" bold="true" box="[282,534,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Neopanorpa exaggerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757863608FFEFB0274356ED7D9282" box="[541,599,1659,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E. A3 and A4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF360FFFE8B2FD45BAEA599574" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360FFFE8B2FD45BAEE1B94A0" box="[199,305,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B37A45BAEEF394A0" box="[320,473,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2A, D, E</figureCitation>
). Yellowish brown except dark brown at posterior margins of T1–T5, and most of T6. Notal organ (no in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B3524596EEF194C4" box="[360,475,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2D, E</figureCitation>
) on posterior margin of T3 well-developed, rod-like, extending approximately to basal 1/3 of T4, and bearing several long setae at ventral apex. Postnotal organ (pno in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B63545F2EB4B94E8" box="[1039,1121,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
) on T4 slightly protuberated and bearing dense setae. A6 long cylindrical, as long as or slightly longer than A1–A5; A7 slender, approximately three times as long as A6, and trumpet-shaped at apex; A8 similar to A7 with approximate length; A9 approximately 3/5 as long as A8 with greatly elongated basal stalk proximal to genital bulb. Cerci (ce in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B6B84466EBFF9574" box="[1154,1237,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
) long clavate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF360FFFE8B2FD4442EE619728" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360FFFE8B2FD4442EE459598" box="[199,367,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B3BB4442EED09598" box="[385,506,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2F–L</figureCitation>
). Basal stalk of A9 greatly elongated and ranging from 1.1–1.3 times as long as genital bulb. Epandrium (ep in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B03944BEED7295BC" box="[515,600,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
) oblong with slightly emarginated apex. Epandrial lobes (epl in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B77E44BEEABE95BC" box="[1348,1428,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
) well-developed, subtrapezoidal, with triangular projections along ventral and caudal margins. Hypovalves (hv in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B2AD44F6EE2395E4" box="[151,265,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2G, J</figureCitation>
) narrow, slightly exceeding apex of gonocoxites (gcx in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B1B544F6ECCE95E4" box="[911,996,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
), overlapped distally, and folded along outer margin. Subcircular window enclosed by constricted bases of two hypovalves (
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B67B44D2EBBD9608" box="[1089,1175,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Hypandrial processes inconspicuous. Gonocoxites slightly widened toward truncated apex. Gonostyli (gs in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B65A470EEB99962C" box="[1120,1203,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
) slightly longer than gonocoxites, slender, with large basal process (bp in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B13F476AEC7F9670" box="[773,853,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
) bearing long stout setae; each gonostylus sickleshaped in distal part; median tooth (mt in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B05D4746ED999694" box="[615,691,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
) inconspicuous. Parameres (pm in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B6004746EBBA9694" box="[1082,1168,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
) slender, greatly curved inward and contacted mesally, and greatly divergent toward pointed apex. Each paramere attached to lateral process of aedeagus through slender dorsal bridge (dbr in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B0E3479EEC1F96DC" box="[729,821,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
). Ventral and dorsal valves (vv and dv in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B726479EEABD96DC" box="[1308,1431,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2K, L</figureCitation>
, respectively) of aedeagus closely aligned, and slightly tapering toward apex; lateral processes (lpr in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B72147FAEA5F96E0" box="[1307,1397,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
) of aedeagus stout with subacute apex. Piston (pst in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B0FA47D6EC399704" box="[704,787,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2L</figureCitation>
) of sperm pump subtriangular with short lateral processes (lpp in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B2D24632EE159728" box="[232,319,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3F6667360FFFE8B2AD43B0EB7392EF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836268" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7836268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836268/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" startId="4.[151,250,1693,1717]" targetBox="[156,1433,854,1666]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF360FFFE8B2AD43B0EB7392EF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1693,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360FFFE8B2AD43B0EC6D92C8" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">FIGURE 3. Fossil (drawings showing only A6–A9) and extant (color habitus) scorpionfly species with exaggeratedly elongated abdominal segments (EEAS) on a time scale (males).</emphasis>
Putative origins of the male EEAS are marked by circled numerals 1–7. All the species are at the same scale. Scale bars: 5.0 mm. Ma: million years ago.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF360FFFE8B2FD4206EA4D9357" blockId="4.[151,1437,1835,2042]" box="[199,1383,1835,1862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360FFFE8B2FD4206EEE79354" bold="true" box="[199,461,1835,1861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Description of female.</emphasis>
Habitus (
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B0014206EDBB9357" box="[571,657,1835,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
) similar to males but bearing much shorter abdominal segments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF360FFFE8B2FD4262EB3993A3" blockId="4.[151,1437,1835,2042]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360FFFE8B2FD4262EEA69378" box="[199,396,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
Subgenital plate (
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B06F4262ED9A937B" box="[597,688,1871,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2M</figureCitation>
) broad, suboval, with V-shaped terminal emargination, and bearing long stout setae marginally. Medigynium (
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B04E425EEDE7939F" box="[628,717,1907,1934]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2N</figureCitation>
) slightly longer than subgenital plate; posterior arms (pa in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B74A425EEF9193A3" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2N</figureCitation>
) slender; axis (ax) longer than posterior arms with divergent apodemes (ap).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A6564360FFFE9B2FD4296EE3C97B4" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF360FFFE8B2FD4296EDF093C7" blockId="4.[151,1437,1835,2042]" box="[199,730,1979,2006]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360FFFE8B2FD4296EE4B93C4" bold="true" box="[199,353,1979,2005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F357767F360FFFE8B35D4296EE8493C4" box="[359,430,1979,2005]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="4984F80D360FFFE8B3824291ED5393C4" box="[440,633,1979,2006]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360FFFE8B0BD4296EDE793C7" box="[647,717,1979,2006]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,957,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-384@5.[151,1437,957,1599]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distributional map of fossil and extant scorpionfly species with EEAS. Localities are indicated by gray (fossil species) and yellow dots (extant species), and a red star (new species described herein)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836272/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF360FFFE9B2FD42F2EFCC95C0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1835,2042]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360FFFE8B2FD42F2EEF793E8" bold="true" box="[199,477,2015,2041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Biological Information.</emphasis>
The new species was collected from a very limited spot (
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360FFFE8B66E42CDEB4493E8" box="[1108,1134,2016,2041]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">ca</emphasis>
. 20 square meters, denoted by a red arrow in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360EFFE9B36545BAEE9E94A0" box="[351,436,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-239@2.[151,1435,597,1608]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and habitus of Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. A distant view of the type locality; B. A closer view of the type locality; red arrow denotes the spot where the specimens were caught; C. Male adult of Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. (not in the type series) resting on a piece of leaf; red arrows indicate melanized wounds relating to possible intra-sexual disputes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836262/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) with dense ground covers along the riverbanks. Although the
<typeStatus id="54FB884D360EFFE9B64245BAEB8294A0" box="[1144,1192,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">type</typeStatus>
locality is only a few kilometers away from densely populated villages and towns, it seemingly provides a relatively undisturbed and primordial sanctuary for this species to persist. However, this locality is surrounded by extensive infrastructure development (
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360EFFE9B301442EEEBF950C" box="[315,405,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-239@2.[151,1435,597,1608]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and habitus of Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. A distant view of the type locality; B. A closer view of the type locality; red arrow denotes the spot where the specimens were caught; C. Male adult of Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. (not in the type series) resting on a piece of leaf; red arrows indicate melanized wounds relating to possible intra-sexual disputes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836262/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
shows a road construction site approximately hundreds of meters away) and agriculture activities (left part of
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360EFFE9B3B7440AEEC89550" box="[397,482,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-239@2.[151,1435,597,1608]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and habitus of Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. A distant view of the type locality; B. A closer view of the type locality; red arrow denotes the spot where the specimens were caught; C. Male adult of Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. (not in the type series) resting on a piece of leaf; red arrows indicate melanized wounds relating to possible intra-sexual disputes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836262/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
shows a nearby forest of the Chinese mahogany,
<taxonomicName id="4C404D6C360EFFE9B629440AEB939551" box="[1043,1209,295,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Toona" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360EFFE9B629440AEB939551" box="[1043,1209,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Toona sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is cultivated as a local vegetable). Attempts to search for additional specimens in several adjacent regions were failed, despite their similar microhabitats. The very limited distribution, the scarcity of individuals, and the preference for dense herbaceous vegetation, are the probable reasons why this eye-catching scorpionfly has never been discovered before.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF360EFFE9B2FD44F6EA319694" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
On the site, individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C404D6C360EFFE9B3CB44F6EDBA95E5" authority="Wang, 2023" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="2023" box="[497,656,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Neopanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exaggerata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360EFFE9B3CB44F6EDBA95E5" box="[497,656,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">N. exaggerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360EFFE9B0AD44F6EDFD95E4" bold="true" box="[663,727,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2075786360EFFE9B0AD44F6EDFD95E4" box="[663,727,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
often perch on the leaves of herbs or shrubs (
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360EFFE9B6ED44F6EA0495E4" box="[1239,1326,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-239@2.[151,1435,597,1608]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and habitus of Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. A distant view of the type locality; B. A closer view of the type locality; red arrow denotes the spot where the specimens were caught; C. Male adult of Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. (not in the type series) resting on a piece of leaf; red arrows indicate melanized wounds relating to possible intra-sexual disputes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836262/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). Bearing a very long abdomen, the males seem bulky, and can only fly one or two meters away when disturbed. When at rest, the males usually hold their A7–A9 backward, forming a distinct triangular posture (
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360EFFE9B6A5470EEBD2962C" box="[1183,1272,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-239@2.[151,1435,597,1608]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and habitus of Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. A distant view of the type locality; B. A closer view of the type locality; red arrow denotes the spot where the specimens were caught; C. Male adult of Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. (not in the type series) resting on a piece of leaf; red arrows indicate melanized wounds relating to possible intra-sexual disputes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836262/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
), superficially resembling that of
<taxonomicName id="4C404D6C360EFFE9B354476AED6E9670" box="[366,580,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Leptopanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360EFFE9B354476AED279671" box="[366,525,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Leptopanorpa</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F357767F360EFFE9B0B1476AEDD29670" box="[651,760,583,609]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B1E360EFFE9B13D476AECCE9670" author="Wang, J. - S. &amp; Hua, B. - Z." box="[775,996,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="900 - 928" refId="ref7588" refString="Wang, J. - S. &amp; Hua, B. - Z. (2020) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the enigmatic scorpionfly genus Leptopanorpa MacLachlan (Mecoptera: Panorpidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 58, 900 - 928. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jzs. 12363" type="journal article" year="2020">Wang &amp; Hua 2020</bibRefCitation>
). The females, however, fly with more agility owing to a much shorter abdomen (measures
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360EFFE9B0D94746EDD79695" box="[739,765,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">ca</emphasis>
. 1/3 of the smallest male and 1/6 of the largest).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF36EF360EFFE9B2FD47A2EE3C97B4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
The gonostyli of male
<taxonomicName id="4C404D6C360EFFE9B3EE47A2ED5D96B9" authority="Wang, 2023" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="2023" box="[468,631,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Neopanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exaggerata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360EFFE9B3EE47A2ED5D96B9" box="[468,631,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">N. exaggerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B934EAFD360EFFE9B0B847A2EDEF96B8" bold="true" box="[642,709,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2075786360EFFE9B0B847A2EDEF96B8" box="[642,709,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
appear to be a forceful weapon in the coercive mating, intrasexual disputes, and self-defense. Several wing membrane breakages were found in a female
<typeStatus id="54FB884D360EFFE9B6E8479EEA1896DC" box="[1234,1330,691,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(DALUCN22Pa00803, denoted by red arrows in
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360EFFE9B06747FAED9896E0" box="[605,690,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,320,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-69@3.[156,1431,309,1635]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. Holotype (CN22Pa00800); B, M, N. Paratype (CN22Pa00803); C–L. Paratype (CN22Pa00801). Abdominal segments are marked by Roman Numerals. A. Male, dorsal view; B. Female, dorsal view; red arrows indicate wing membrane breakages relating to possible traumatic mating behavior; C. Terminal portion of left hindleg, ventral view; red arrow denotes the enlarged second preapical tooth of pretarsal claw; D &amp; E.A3 andA4, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; F–H. A9–A11, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively; I. Left gonostylus, ventral view; J. Terminal portion of A9 with gonopods removed, lateral view; K, L. Aedeagal complex, ventral and dorsal views, respectively; M. Subgenital plate, ventral view; N. Medigynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; ax, axis; bp, basal process; bs, basal stalk; ce, cercus; dbr, dorsal bridge; dv, dorsal valve; ep, epandrium; epl, epandrial lobe; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpp, lateral process of piston; lpr, lateral process of aedeagus; mt, median tooth; no, notal organ; pa, posterior arm; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; pst, piston of sperm pump; vv, ventral valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836266/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
), suggesting that the female’s right wings may have been coercively grasped and damaged by a male’s gonostyli during copulation. In addition, three black spots (melanized wounds) have been photographed in a male (not in the type series,
<figureCitation id="137B2A6A360EFFE9B1344632EC489728" box="[782,866,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-239@2.[151,1435,597,1608]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and habitus of Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. A. A distant view of the type locality; B. A closer view of the type locality; red arrow denotes the spot where the specimens were caught; C. Male adult of Neopanorpa exaggerata sp. n. (not in the type series) resting on a piece of leaf; red arrows indicate melanized wounds relating to possible intra-sexual disputes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836262/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
), suggesting that the gonostyli can possibly be used as a combat weapon in the intra-sexual disputes. When a male scorpionfly is captured with fingers, it aggressively attacks the collector’s skin using its gonostyli, the same self-defensive action as other male scorpionflies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B1E360EFFE9B706464AEE2097B4" author="Wang, J. - S. &amp; Hua, B. - Z." pageId="5" pageNumber="114" refId="ref7699" refString="Wang, J. - S. &amp; Hua, B. - Z. (2022) A Color Atlas of the Chinese Mecoptera. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 354 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 981 - 16 - 9558 - 2" type="book" year="2022">Wang &amp; Hua 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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