402 lines
53 KiB
XML
402 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="E4557797BAE30499BEC9223E6A5FB95B" ID-CLB-Dataset="54659" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8f435d84-841b-4f06-be30-a4a311413096" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030308" ID-ZooBank="FB286010-11FD-48A0-803F-0F86F8B4B429" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1686604151302" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Srinivasulu, Aditya, Srinivasulu, Bhargavi, Kusuminda, Tharaka, Amarasinghe, Chamara, Ukuwela, Kanishka D. B., Karunarathna, Mathisha, Mannakkara, Amani, Yapa, Wipula B. & Srinivasulu, Chelmala" docDate="2023" docId="03E987E7A04DFF8BFF33FA35FAB4FA8A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5301.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5301 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhinolophus beddomei subsp. sobrinus Andersen 1918" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="215" masterDocId="FFD0FF9FA041FF9BFFA4FFA6FFE4FF97" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic status of the Lesser Woolly Horseshoe bats (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus beddomei) in peninsular India and Sri Lanka" masterLastPageNumber="218" masterPageNumber="199" pageNumber="211" updateTime="1686604867782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="68323C31ED2A260DB85B6848876E4FC4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="B15B4C8CF0624B69E9EAA9BBA400D0A5">
|
||
<mods:title id="62EAA4B242A9E6993367197A4CC91E18">Taxonomic status of the Lesser Woolly Horseshoe bats (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus beddomei) in peninsular India and Sri Lanka</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="7C95FF00482EC40B60C3CE015B2C0C58" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B544D03C314BC7FA0C09F62E7C32B893">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B67DC4212C37C66B042D7B5D045E1C84">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3D7073EA106AA63F7878B6E9BE8C5CD7">Srinivasulu, Aditya</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="2EB1137B9402D52474CBD8502A7B39C2">Ecology and Conservation Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7A02FD0C05F14F5DCF273895EDA4DA66" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="43A5568979B22392832E1E9C0F7DE4D3">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="292687104BB8682D9C90678DF85075CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9F96D632E7FD0CFB3D8C1D8F10421499">Srinivasulu, Bhargavi</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="599659E2C642D1030309465D4A30309D">Wildlife Biology and Taxonomy Lab, Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007, India & Systematics, Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Zoo Outreach Organization, 96, Kumudham Nagar, Vilankurichi Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="5BC44B42A1F8E9D503E91A7DDC810F60" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E653F5B30DE196D1ED906535E8155351">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A2EDB6CFA5D4F00D4BD0046CD3E46C7E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9625F1434B46BDE8DEA85F16B20A55E7">Kusuminda, Tharaka</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="2C11679D0B770B75FC8D2FF5193FFB46">Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="57DE2F9788677345643031A87C028463" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="26715168FFF8DB3A8CE910612CF58C4E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="545F322156D47173794884CDEE2DFC1F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6FDD1B2CDF0841724B6EA2EC1F7BDA0A">Amarasinghe, Chamara</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="CF658C63EC6AA6095F3136E95DEADEF1">Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="2E3D8962AB3331C07A2A8147ACFC0DBC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1015BE03176D64AEB634C2D41062D923">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="256429286610AC0526F9D04AD32C9DB4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="CA4FF84BAB05B4BFDF91548B97C7573F">Ukuwela, Kanishka D. B.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="62236165094E1032E9557FDAB23281EB">Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C1C69430451F8680F16AA18C3C3908B0" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="13A04EDE21A5381CEEA39103C9BFFBEA">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9FD93DB68EB4DCE2C5BAD9F1A1458C3A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="ABF8103E4CB20475FE0E5745E3456F09">Karunarathna, Mathisha</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="353419DB576C38E5ED4E47301915633D">Sandaraja Wana Arana, Dotel Oya, Aranayaka, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A11867151AAC49D15CDBEA1C3A560606" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A0306BE92DB3D3828FBA6D9F563C88D7">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="66EAD2CA15084ABABC4E3BAEB41F22E7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="10F87F485424732F815EC59E6D2749D2">Mannakkara, Amani</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="7BB68A7EEAFA2BE79A0189BB370FD637">Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="247ADAB63562E9FC186B618056373A6A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9FD2FAE604DE0F75BBD41DBB739FDA95">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0F0E01FDB74E893889E31522617466E5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9195AD19FF7EC443B050912DAF3FD195">Yapa, Wipula B.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="0FEF4B1E0EA617B7D7AEF4334CF31BFF">Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="E685BB52D04836597C970B206263BEFA" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E66D8BE6F40617A098A23C3EEED3E430">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DAD638A1935A0D66E0D72BEEBABAFF3D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="41E9A5035B4B68DB239AFF53A3E596B8">Srinivasulu, Chelmala</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="3024309D44802653DC3A9C2952863670">Wildlife Biology and Taxonomy Lab, Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007, India & Systematics, Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Zoo Outreach Organization, 96, Kumudham Nagar, Vilankurichi Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India & Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Studies, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007, India</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="65952F820E5F9507E68F2477F3F49590">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="747223F6E409D4E6596773BCAE14F46C" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="78F4D1CBCC64520DF2AE92BF1CB79722">
|
||
<mods:title id="4A722711C88B1A812C7AEE4250630B5D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="3E23010ACE480845067E9C1E745E98DC">
|
||
<mods:date id="8C0A07861E823EEACB87219477E1D597">2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="26E2340FD1B469299F00FCEAD4CCD794" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="60231D9CD6D978306AA2AB83D457E7CC">2023-06-09</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="0163CCA00B6B63A6D8D705178072EABF" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="9CB9AEB785568EA064668BC9C6F5EC87">5301</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B5DD3C43A20602FA2A74C02031C65F84" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="0E2F05B9EFE8A9D218009F36FD82A609">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="CDE2297692120525404630A8466E7094" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="7CE9A6554FD9B3BEA5C9710479AE5371">199</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="BE799A601C9735F683EDF4D03700B7E6">218</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="8A26405B85E6FEFA33525768558BF63B">
|
||
<mods:url id="2DFD69F62104DBA2176FE83FCC6FF73D">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.3</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="BD2247F5C23B1CF5A0051054D62C3513">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="AEC38C8F0375C1F74D7A98DBC4185483" type="CLB-Dataset">54659</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="597C57D661521158D33C536C9D61D8FB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A779E8F1006DB11FE79DA33ED372A6FE" type="GBIF-Dataset">8f435d84-841b-4f06-be30-a4a311413096</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D7DDC264FEB24F6F0CE80E340B9D21CA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6258CAD00EE15CF6A38F4BD73C69B253" type="Zenodo-Dep">8030308</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="19E4F6CCFE9E2EAEE1B53F6A22FC6EF2" type="ZooBank">FB286010-11FD-48A0-803F-0F86F8B4B429</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03E987E7A04DFF8BFF33FA35FAB4FA8A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030330" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030330" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987E7A04DFF8BFF33FA35FAB4FA8A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E987E7A04DFF8BFF33FA35FAB4FA8A" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A657AA04DFF97FF33FA35FDFAFA39" box="[151,542,1427,1454]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04DFF97FF33FA35FDFAFA39" blockId="12.[151,542,1427,1454]" box="[151,542,1427,1454]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<heading id="D0B7819DA04DFF97FF33FA35FDFAFA39" bold="true" box="[151,542,1427,1454]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A04DFF97FF33FA35FDFAFA39" ID-CoL="5KW8Q" ID-ENA="3044305" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,542,1427,1454]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="beddomei" subSpecies="sobrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04DFF97FF33FA35FDFAFA39" bold="true" box="[151,542,1427,1454]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Rhinolophus beddomei sobrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A657AA04DFF97FF33FA75FE1DF99E" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04DFF97FF33FA75FB26FA7C" blockId="12.[151,1218,1491,1546]" box="[151,1218,1491,1515]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A04DFF97FF33FA75FD02FA7C" authority="Andersen 1918 Kala Oya" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,742,1491,1515]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="beddomei" subSpecies="sobrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04DFF97FF33FA75FE39FA7C" box="[151,477,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Rhinolophus beddomei sobrinus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B00A04DFF97FE47FA75FD99FA7C" author="Andersen, K." box="[483,637,1491,1515]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" pagination="374 - 384" refId="ref9268" refString="Andersen, K. (1918) Diagnoses of new bats of the families Rhinolophidae and Megadermatidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2, 374 - 384." type="journal article" year="1918">Andersen 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
Kala Oya
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F813A04DFF97FD54FA75FC3BFA7C" box="[752,991,1491,1515]" country="Sri Lanka" name="North Central" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">North Central Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577661A04DFF97FC4DFA75FBD6FA7C" box="[1001,1074,1491,1515]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(=
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577661A04DFF97FBEAFA75FB53FA7C" box="[1102,1207,1491,1515]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04DFF97FF33FA54FE1DF99E" blockId="12.[151,1218,1491,1546]" box="[151,505,1522,1546]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F813A04DFF97FF33FA54FF51F99D" box="[151,181,1522,1546]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Sri</collectingRegion>
|
||
Lankan Woolly Horseshoe Bat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A657AA04DFF94FF33F997FD11F892" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="214" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04DFF97FF33F997FAD2F818" blockId="12.[151,1437,1585,1936]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04DFF97FF33F997FEF0F9DC" bold="true" box="[151,276,1585,1611]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B283CACA04DFF97FEBFF997FAD5F818" collectingRegion="Sri" collectionCode="CCL" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" specimenCode="CM3, PM2, PM 3, PM4" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sri">
|
||
A medium-sized Rhinolophid belonging to trifoliatus group, with an average forearm length of 57.36 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04DFF97FF16F9F3FEF8F9E7" box="[178,284,1621,1648]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.11" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="1.11">1.11 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Horseshoe is broad, does not cover the whole of the muzzle, and possesses well-developed basal lappets. One mental groove is seen on the lower lip. Sella long (50–60% of the lancet) and distinctly shaped; superior connecting process rounded off to an anteriorly-projected inferior extremity; inferior connecting process slightly wavy. Lancet high, with a broad concave lower part (about 60% from the base) and a distinctly narrower tapering upper part. Skull robust with a
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED51AE34A04DFF97FDF4F943FD61F968" box="[592,645,1765,1791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">CCL</collectionCode>
|
||
of 22.41 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04DFF97FCA0F943FC8EF897" box="[772,874,1765,1792]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="0.26">0.26 mm</quantity>
|
||
; the maxillary tooth row (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE69E8AA04DFF97FB2CF943FB59F964" box="[1160,1213,1765,1791]" collectionCode="CM" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">
|
||
CM
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04DFF97FB11F943FB59F964" attach="left" box="[1205,1213,1765,1779]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">3</superScript>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
) is 9.58 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04DFF97FA96F943FA7DF897" box="[1330,1433,1765,1792]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="0.28">0.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Supraorbital depression deep and the supraorbital ridges are well-defined. First upper premolar (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE69E8AA04DFF97FB74F8AFFAE6F880" box="[1232,1282,1801,1827]" collectionCode="PM" country="USA" name="Pratt Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">
|
||
PM
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04DFF97FB5EF8AFFAE6F880" attach="left" box="[1274,1282,1801,1815]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">2</superScript>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
) small with a distinct cusp, and is in the tooth row. The second lower premolar (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE69E8AA04DFF97FCD9F88BFC4BF8D9" box="[893,943,1837,1870]" collectionCode="PM" country="USA" name="Pratt Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">
|
||
PM
|
||
<subScript id="17C434B4A04DFF97FC03F8E6FC4BF8D9" attach="left" box="[935,943,1856,1870]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">3</subScript>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
) is minute and is slightly extruded from the tooth row, leaving a small gap between
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE69E8AA04DFF97FDE8F8F4FD98F8E5" box="[588,636,1874,1906]" collectionCode="PM" country="USA" name="Pratt Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">
|
||
PM
|
||
<subScript id="17C434B4A04DFF97FDD0F8C2FD98F8E5" attach="left" box="[628,636,1892,1906]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">2</subScript>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE69E8AA04DFF97FD0AF8F4FD3BF8E5" box="[686,735,1874,1906]" collectionCode="PM" country="USA" name="Pratt Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">
|
||
PM
|
||
<subScript id="17C434B4A04DFF97FD73F8C2FD3BF8E5" attach="right" box="[727,735,1892,1906]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">4</subScript>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
. Body covered with dense and woolly fur, which is light brown to dark greyish brown. Baculum measures
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04DFF97FDD3F8D3FD3FF807" box="[631,731,1909,1936]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.94" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="4.94">4.94 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with a long shaft and a two-pronged broad base
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6679A04CFF96FF3CF831FCC8F86F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030332" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030332/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" startId="13.[152,255,1943,1967]" targetBox="[212,1376,181,1919]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04CFF96FF3CF831FCC8F86F" blockId="13.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04CFF96FF3CF831FEFEF838" bold="true" box="[152,282,1943,1967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
External features of
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04CFF96FE53F83EFD15F827" box="[503,753,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A04CFF96FE53F83EFD93F827" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1799" box="[503,631,1944,1968]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinolophus</taxonomicName>
|
||
b.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A04CFF96FD3EF83EFD15F827" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1918" box="[666,753,1944,1968]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sobrinus">sobrinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[a—structure of ear; b—close-up view of lower lip, showing one mental groove; c—frontal view of head and ventral view of the sella; d—frontal view of noseleaf; e—lateral view of noseleaf; f—frontal view of penis; g—lateral view of penis; h—hind foot].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6679A04FFF95FF3CF8CEFEC1F850" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030334/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" startId="14.[152,255,1896,1920]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1872]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04FFF95FF3CF8CEFEC1F850" blockId="14.[151,1436,1896,1992]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04FFF95FF3CF8CEFEC3F817" bold="true" box="[152,295,1896,1920]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Skull and mandible of
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04FFF95FDBBF8CEFCFEF817" box="[543,794,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A04FFF95FDBBF8CEFD7BF817" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1799" box="[543,671,1896,1920]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinolophus</taxonomicName>
|
||
b.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A04FFF95FD67F8CEFCFEF817" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1918" box="[707,794,1896,1920]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sobrinus">sobrinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04EFF94FF63FF31FDFAFC32" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04EFF94FF63FF31FE25FF26" bold="true" box="[199,449,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">External characters:</emphasis>
|
||
This is a medium-sized Rhinolophid (FA 57.36 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04EFF94FBAAFF31FB93FF26" box="[1038,1143,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.11" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="1.11">1.11 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C2034AA04EFF94FB20FF31FB38FF26" box="[1156,1244,151,177]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,242,476,500]" captionText="TABLE 3. External and craniodental measurements of Woolly Horseshoe Bats Rhinolophus perniger, R. beddomei beddomei, R. beddomei sobrinus, and R. trifoliatus. Values are given in mm as Mean ± SD. Abbreviations as stated in text." pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Ears large (EL 29.50 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04EFF94FF51FF1CFEBFFF42" box="[245,347,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.56" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="2.56">2.56 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and broad, with a pointed tip; antitragus well-developed and broadly triangular in shape, tragus absent; ridges
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04EFF94FE9CFF79FE86FF6E" box="[312,354,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
|
||
number; the basal half of the ear covered with hair while the apical half scantly haired and the tip is totally devoid of hair (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FE0BFEA5FDE5FE8A" box="[431,513,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. External features of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—structure of ear; b—close-up view of lower lip, showing one mental groove; c—frontal view of head and ventral view of the sella; d—frontal view of noseleaf; e—lateral view of noseleaf; f—frontal view of penis; g—lateral view of penis; h—hind foot]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030332/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 9a</figureCitation>
|
||
); a concavity is observed on the outer border just below the tip. The lower lip has one mental groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FEDDFE81FE29FED6" box="[377,461,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. External features of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—structure of ear; b—close-up view of lower lip, showing one mental groove; c—frontal view of head and ventral view of the sella; d—frontal view of noseleaf; e—lateral view of noseleaf; f—frontal view of penis; g—lateral view of penis; h—hind foot]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030332/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 9b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Horseshoe broad and flat, does not cover the muzzle entirely, with a well-developed, deep, and broad anterior median emargination (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FD18FEEDFCF7FEF2" box="[700,787,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. External features of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—structure of ear; b—close-up view of lower lip, showing one mental groove; c—frontal view of head and ventral view of the sella; d—frontal view of noseleaf; e—lateral view of noseleaf; f—frontal view of penis; g—lateral view of penis; h—hind foot]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030332/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 9d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internarial cup of the horseshoe broad, attached to the horseshoe by a narrow and short stalk, and flanked by two distinct lateral basal lappets when viewed frontally; nares teardrop-shaped and relatively large, located on either side of the base of the internarial cup. Nares large in size causing the lateral borders of the internarial cup to be upturned. Sella long (50–60% of the height of the lancet) and projects outwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FE07FE7DFE13FE62" box="[419,503,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. External features of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—structure of ear; b—close-up view of lower lip, showing one mental groove; c—frontal view of head and ventral view of the sella; d—frontal view of noseleaf; e—lateral view of noseleaf; f—frontal view of penis; g—lateral view of penis; h—hind foot]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030332/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 9e</figureCitation>
|
||
), distinctly complex when viewed laterally, typical to species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A04EFF94FAABFE7DFEE1FD8E" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifoliatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04EFF94FAABFE7DFEE1FD8E" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Rhinolophus trifoliatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. Superior connecting process of the sella rounded off to an anteriorly-projected inferior extremity; inferior connecting process slightly wavy, connecting basally on both sides to the lateral lappets. Base of the sella broad, concave in the middle; it narrows halfway up its length towards the upper part, and the sides are parallel continuing towards a rounded-off tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FDF5FDCDFD42FD12" box="[593,678,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. External features of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—structure of ear; b—close-up view of lower lip, showing one mental groove; c—frontal view of head and ventral view of the sella; d—frontal view of noseleaf; e—lateral view of noseleaf; f—frontal view of penis; g—lateral view of penis; h—hind foot]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030332/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 9c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lancet high, with a broad concave lower part (about 60% from the base) and a distinctly narrower tapering upper part. In the wing, the third metacarpal is much shorter than the fourth and fifth metacarpals (40.01 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04EFF94FD9CFD14FD69FD5A" box="[568,653,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs. 45.57 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04EFF94FCB0FD15FC9CFD5A" box="[788,888,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
|
||
and 47.47 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04EFF94FBACFD15FB8FFD5A" box="[1032,1131,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.62" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="1.62">1.62 mm</quantity>
|
||
respectively). The first and second phalanges of the third metacarpal are 52.26% and 83.41% of the third metacarpal respectively. The wing membrane is attached to the base of the first toe, and the interfemoral membrane is attached to the tibia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FA9FFD5DFA74FC82" box="[1339,1424,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. External features of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—structure of ear; b—close-up view of lower lip, showing one mental groove; c—frontal view of head and ventral view of the sella; d—frontal view of noseleaf; e—lateral view of noseleaf; f—frontal view of penis; g—lateral view of penis; h—hind foot]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030332/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 9h</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body covered with dense fur. Face is hairy, but hair around eyes and the horseshoe less dense. On the ventral surface the fur extends along the forearm and a little below the anal region. The other parts of the membranes are devoid of hairs. On the dorsal surface the fur does not extend beyond the body. The penis is slender, parallel-sided, tapering to a narrowly rounded tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FE02FC2DFDF5FC32" box="[422,529,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. External features of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—structure of ear; b—close-up view of lower lip, showing one mental groove; c—frontal view of head and ventral view of the sella; d—frontal view of noseleaf; e—lateral view of noseleaf; f—frontal view of penis; g—lateral view of penis; h—hind foot]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030332/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 9f, g</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04EFF94FF63FC08FB27FC7A" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04EFF94FF63FC08FE42FC5F" bold="true" box="[199,422,942,968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Colouration (live):</emphasis>
|
||
Fur woolly with fur colour in live condition being greyish brown. Individual hairs have grey bases followed by dark brown to fawn middle portion and pale to white hair tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FBC6FC75FB52FC7A" box="[1122,1206,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[152,255,928,952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,904]" captionTargetId="figure-22@10.[151,1436,181,904]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Coloration of dorsal fur (in live condition) of a—Rhinolophus b. beddomei and b—R. b. sobrinus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030322/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 6b</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04EFF94FF63FC50FD44F9E2" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04EFF94FF63FC50FE16FB86" bold="true" box="[199,498,1014,1041]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Craniodental characters:</emphasis>
|
||
The GTL and CCL of the skull are 26.64 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04EFF94FC60FC51FBC2FB86" box="[964,1062,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="0.87">0.87 mm</quantity>
|
||
and 22.41 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04EFF94FB0BFC51FAF5FB86" box="[1199,1297,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="0.26">0.26 mm</quantity>
|
||
respectively and the skull is narrow and robust (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FD8DFBBDFD6CFBA2" box="[553,648,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Skull and mandible of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030334/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 10a</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C2034AA04EFF94FD04FBBDFD1CFBA2" box="[672,760,1051,1077]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,242,476,500]" captionText="TABLE 3. External and craniodental measurements of Woolly Horseshoe Bats Rhinolophus perniger, R. beddomei beddomei, R. beddomei sobrinus, and R. trifoliatus. Values are given in mm as Mean ± SD. Abbreviations as stated in text." pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Sagittal crest well-developed, connects to the supraorbital ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FF4AFB99FEB5FBCE" box="[238,337,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Skull and mandible of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030334/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 10a</figureCitation>
|
||
), and extends up to the parietal region of the cranium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FC7DFB99FBDAFBCE" box="[985,1086,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Skull and mandible of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030334/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 10b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rostrum robust, bulged, and relatively tall. The nasal inflations are well-developed and are located median on the rostrum, anterior to a deep supraorbital depression, which is flanked by well-defined supraorbital ridges. The sagittal crest is higher than the height of the rostrum. The skull is broadest at the widest point of the zygomatic arches. Zygomatic arches wide and strong (ZB 13.12 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04EFF94FED5FB69FE33FB7E" box="[369,471,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
), with a blunt triangular dorsal arch immediately anterior to the widest point (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FA94FB69FA74FB7E" box="[1328,1424,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Skull and mandible of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030334/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 10c</figureCitation>
|
||
). The second upper premolar (PM
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04EFF94FDA0FB54FDE8FA97" attach="left" box="[516,524,1266,1280]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">2</superScript>
|
||
) is small with a distinct cusp, situated in the tooth row in contact with the canine and PM
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04EFF94FF4BFAB0FF13FAB3" attach="right" box="[239,247,1302,1316]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">4</superScript>
|
||
. The fourth upper premolar (PM
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04EFF94FDC2FAB0FD8AFAB3" attach="left" box="[614,622,1302,1316]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">4</superScript>
|
||
) is roughly 58% the height of the upper canine (C
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04EFF94FB04FAB0FB4CFAB3" attach="left" box="[1184,1192,1302,1316]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">1</superScript>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FB12FAB1FAF3FAA6" box="[1206,1303,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Skull and mandible of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030334/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 10b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The upper tooth row (CM
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04EFF94FE99FA9CFEA1FADF" attach="left" box="[317,325,1338,1352]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">3</superScript>
|
||
9.58 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04EFF94FE32FA9DFE1EFAC2" box="[406,506,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="0.28">0.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
) is anteriorly convergent; C
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04EFF94FC8AFA9CFCD2FADF" attach="left" box="[814,822,1338,1352]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">1</superScript>
|
||
–C
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04EFF94FCF3FA9CFCBBFADF" attach="left" box="[855,863,1338,1352]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">1</superScript>
|
||
is about 67.86% of M
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04EFF94FBF5FA9CFBBDFADF" attach="left" box="[1105,1113,1338,1352]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">3</superScript>
|
||
–M
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04EFF94FB24FA9CFB6CFADF" attach="left" box="[1152,1160,1338,1352]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">3</superScript>
|
||
. The first and the second upper molars (M
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04EFF94FEF5FAF8FEBDFAFB" attach="left" box="[337,345,1374,1388]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">1</superScript>
|
||
& M
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04EFF94FE30FAF8FE78FAFB" attach="left" box="[404,412,1374,1388]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">2</superScript>
|
||
) are equal in size. The third upper molar (M
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04EFF94FC23FAF8FC6BFAFB" attach="right" box="[903,911,1374,1388]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">3</superScript>
|
||
) is two-third the size of the first and the second molars; the metacone of M
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04EFF94FE67FA24FE2FFA07" attach="left" box="[451,459,1410,1424]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">3</superScript>
|
||
is reduced and the metastyle is lacking (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FC29FA25FC0BFA0A" box="[909,1007,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Skull and mandible of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030334/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 10d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two pairs of tricuspidate mandibular incisors (I
|
||
<subScript id="17C434B4A04EFF94FEA3FA1FFEEBFA50" attach="left" box="[263,271,1465,1479]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">1</subScript>
|
||
–I
|
||
<subScript id="17C434B4A04EFF94FE82FA1FFECAFA50" attach="left" box="[294,302,1465,1479]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">3</subScript>
|
||
) are present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FE61FA01FDBCFA56" box="[453,600,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Skull and mandible of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030334/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 10 e & g</figureCitation>
|
||
); the second lower premolar (PM
|
||
<subScript id="17C434B4A04EFF94FC68FA1FFC30FA50" attach="left" box="[972,980,1465,1479]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">2</subScript>
|
||
) is small and half the height of the fourth lower premolar (PM
|
||
<subScript id="17C434B4A04EFF94FEDEFA7BFE66FA7C" attach="left" box="[378,386,1501,1515]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">4</subScript>
|
||
); The third lower premolar (PM
|
||
<subScript id="17C434B4A04EFF94FD4CFA7BFD14FA7C" attach="left" box="[744,752,1501,1515]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">3</subScript>
|
||
) is minute and slightly extruded from the tooth row, leaving a gap between PM
|
||
<subScript id="17C434B4A04EFF94FEF6F9A7FEBEF998" attach="left" box="[338,346,1537,1551]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">2</subScript>
|
||
and PM
|
||
<subScript id="17C434B4A04EFF94FE11F9A7FE59F998" attach="left" box="[437,445,1537,1551]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">4</subScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FE6DFA49FDCDF99E" box="[457,553,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Skull and mandible of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030334/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 10e</figureCitation>
|
||
). The fourth lower premolar (PM
|
||
<subScript id="17C434B4A04EFF94FC38F9A7FC40F998" attach="left" box="[924,932,1537,1551]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">4</subScript>
|
||
) is about 65% the height of the lower canine, and roughly the same height as the first lower molar (M
|
||
<subScript id="17C434B4A04EFF94FCB4F983FCFCF9A4" attach="left" box="[784,792,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">1</subScript>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FC8CF9B5FC61F9BA" box="[808,901,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-22@14.[151,1436,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Skull and mandible of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030334/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 10f</figureCitation>
|
||
). The first and second lower molars M
|
||
<subScript id="17C434B4A04EFF94FA9FF983FAA7F9A4" attach="left" box="[1339,1347,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17C434B4A04EFF94FA30F983FA78F9A4" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">2</subScript>
|
||
are of the same size while the third molar M
|
||
<subScript id="17C434B4A04EFF94FD2BF9EFFD73F9C0" attach="left" box="[655,663,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">3</subScript>
|
||
is slightly smaller than the other two. The talonoid of M
|
||
<subScript id="17C434B4A04EFF94FAB8F9EFFAC0F9C0" attach="left" box="[1308,1316,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">3</subScript>
|
||
is broader than the trigonid, and the entoconid is lacking.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04EFF94FF63F9D9FD11F892" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04EFF94FF63F9D9FED8F90E" bold="true" box="[199,316,1663,1689]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Baculum:</emphasis>
|
||
The baculum of
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04EFF94FDA3F9D9FD4CF90E" box="[519,680,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">
|
||
R. b.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A04EFF94FDECF9D9FD4CF90E" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1918" box="[584,680,1663,1689]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sobrinus">sobrinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
measures
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04EFF94FC80F9D9FC6FF90E" box="[804,907,1663,1689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.94" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="4.94">4.94 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and is comprised of a thick shaft which expands into a two-pronged broad and robust base (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04EFF94FD78F905FCA7F92A" box="[732,835,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="1.76">1.76 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FCFEF905FC32F92A" box="[858,982,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1069,1093]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[151,1436,181,1045]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Baculum structure of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—dorsal view; b—ventral view; c—lateral view; Scale: 1 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030336/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 11 a,b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The base shows the presence of a deep groove on the ventral surface. The shaft is slender, ends with a broadly rounded tip and shows a concavity just below the tip which is visible in the lateral profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04EFF94FD2DF94DFD03F892" box="[649,743,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1069,1093]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[151,1436,181,1045]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Baculum structure of Rhinolophus b. sobrinus [a—dorsal view; b—ventral view; c—lateral view; Scale: 1 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030336/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Fig. 11c</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A657AA04EFF94FF63F8A9FAFEF84A" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04EFF94FF63F8A9FAFEF84A" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04EFF94FF63F8A9FECBF8BE" bold="true" box="[199,303,1807,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Ecology:</emphasis>
|
||
The Sri Lankan Woolly Horseshoe Bat is mostly found in caves, overhanging rock ledges, tree hollows, wells, old buildings, old abandoned plumbago mines, and tunnels, in or near dense dry and tropical moist forests, typically hanging by one foot, with the wings wrapped around the body. They live solitary, in pairs or in small parties of up to four individuals. They produce one to two pups per brood in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577661A04EFF94FC5CF8DDFB82F802" box="[1016,1126,1915,1941]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B00A04EFF94FBD1F8DDFAEBF802" author="Phillips, W. W. A." box="[1141,1295,1915,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" refId="ref11520" refString="Phillips, W. W. A. (1980) Manual of the mammals of Sri Lanka. Part 1. 2 nd Revised Edition. Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka, Colombo, 116 pp." type="book" year="1980">Phillips 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B00A04EFF94FABFF8DDFEF2F82E" author="Edirisinghe, W. G. M. & de Silva, I. M. C. & Kusuminda, T. G. T. & Thilina, M. H. D. K. & Gunawardana, K. D. S. D." pageId="15" pageNumber="214" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref10155" refString="Edirisinghe, W. G. M., de Silva, I. M. C., Kusuminda, T. G. T., Thilina, M. H. D. K. & Gunawardana, K. D. S. D. (2016) New breeding data on Rhinolophus beddomei in Sri Lanka: First record of juveniles. Barbastella, 9 (1), 1 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.14709 / BarbJ. 9.1.2016.03" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Edirisinghe
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04EFF94FF33F839FF35F82E" box="[151,209,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B00A04EFF94FE87F839FDC8F82E" author="Kusuminda, T. & Mannakkara, A. & Patterson, B. D. & Yapa, W. B." box="[291,556,1951,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" pagination="96 - 105" refId="ref11001" refString="Kusuminda, T., Mannakkara, A., Patterson, B. D. & Yapa, W. B. (2018) Bats in tea plantations in Sri Lanka: species richness and distribution. Journal of Bat Research & Conservation, 11 (1), 96 - 105." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Kusuminda
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04EFF94FE09F839FE03F82E" box="[429,487,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has been recorded at elevations ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04EFF94FBC3F839FB46F82E" box="[1127,1186,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="m" value="43.0">43 m</quantity>
|
||
asl to
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04EFF94FB55F839FADEF82E" box="[1265,1338,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.62" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="m" value="462.0">462 m</quantity>
|
||
asl (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD78A04EFF94FAD6F839FEE5F84A" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
from Medamahanuwera,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F813A04EFF94FD86F865FD04F84A" box="[546,736,1987,2013]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="15" pageNumber="214">Central Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
was found at
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04EFF94FCD8F865FC35F84A" box="[892,977,1987,2013]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.077" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" unit="m" value="1077.0">1077 m</quantity>
|
||
asl;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B00A04EFF94FBA2F865FAE9F84A" author="Bates, P. J. J. & Harrison, D. L." box="[1030,1293,1987,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="214" refId="ref9399" refString="Bates, P. J. J. & Harrison, D. L. (1997) The Bats of the Indian Subcontinent. Harrison Zoological Museum Publications, Sevenoaks, 258 pp." type="book" year="1997">Bates & Harrison 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6679A051FF8BFF3CFB8BFF2AFBFE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030336" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030336/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" startId="16.[152,255,1069,1093]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1045]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A051FF8BFF3CFB8BFF2AFBFE" blockId="16.[151,1437,1069,1129]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A051FF8BFF3CFB8BFEC3FBD2" bold="true" box="[152,295,1069,1093]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Baculum structure of
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A051FF8BFDBCFB8BFCF1FBD2" box="[536,789,1069,1093]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A051FF8BFDBCFB8BFD7CFBD2" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1799" box="[536,664,1069,1093]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinolophus</taxonomicName>
|
||
b.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A051FF8BFD1AFB8BFCF1FBD2" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1918" box="[702,789,1069,1093]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sobrinus">sobrinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[a—dorsal view; b—ventral view; c—lateral view; Scale: 1 mm].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A657AA051FF8BFF63FB1DFAB4FA8A" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A051FF8BFF63FB1DFAB4FA8A" blockId="16.[151,1436,1211,1310]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A051FF8BFF63FB1DFE87FB42" bold="true" box="[199,355,1211,1237]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
The Sri Lankan Woolly Horseshoe Bat is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577661A051FF8BFC19FB1DFBCAFB42" box="[957,1070,1211,1237]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It has been recorded from many parts of the island except the northern and the eastern Provinces. The northernmost and southernmost records of the species are from Kala Oya (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F813A051FF8BFE6BFAA5FD33FA8A" box="[463,727,1283,1309]" country="Sri Lanka" name="North Central" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">North Central Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and Thalgasmankada (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F813A051FF8BFC45FAA5FB50FA8A" box="[993,1204,1283,1309]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Southern" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Southern Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
) respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |