207 lines
21 KiB
XML
207 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3C37612F63A809105E19FD1DDAA59F30">Besleria macropoda (Gesneriaceae): lectotypification, distribution, functional epiphylly and discordant fruit morphology of a rare Costa Rican endemic</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="5C7D8867813C0E5E9E9D354DA9ABBE78">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F5BB390C26D454101CBAE56E3AAD5E74">2015</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C35A6504FFD1325DDC8DF36F1929FE66" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFF368FFFD1325DDC8DF36F1B8CFEF4" blockId="4.[136,961,340,367]" box="[136,961,340,367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
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<heading id="D0B781E3FFD1325DDC8DF36F1B8CFEF4" box="[136,961,340,367]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" reason="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5011A1FFD1325DDC8DF36F1B8CFEF4" box="[136,961,340,367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D0CFFD1325DDC8DF36F19A2FEF4" ID-CoL="LNCW" authority="Donn. Sm." authorityName=", Donnell Smith" authorityYear="1898" box="[136,495,340,367]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Besleria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macropoda">
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<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DDC8DF36F1922FEF4" bold="true" box="[136,367,340,367]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Besleria macropoda</emphasis>
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Donn. Sm.
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</taxonomicName>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE1109EFFD1325DDDF3F36D1BF1FEF4" author=", Donnell Smith" box="[502,956,342,367]" issue="3" journal="Botanical Gazette" page="155" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" score="61.36961717541687" volume="25" year="1898">
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<bibCitation id="5E6A3EE3FFD1325DDDF3F36D1BF1FEF4" box="[502,956,342,367]" issue="3" journal="Botanical Gazette" page="155" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" score="61.36961717541687" volume="25" year="1898">
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<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DDDF3F36D1A8DFEF4" box="[502,704,342,367]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Botanical Gazette</emphasis>
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25(3): 155–156. 1898
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</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF368FFFD1325DDC8DF39B1929FE66" blockId="4.[136,1452,416,509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
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<materialsCitation id="3B283CD2FFD1325DDC8DF39B1C55FE2E" box="[136,1048,416,437]" collectionCode="CR" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="CR-572" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="lectotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="54FB882DFFD1325DDC8DF39B18A5FE2E" box="[136,232,416,437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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(designated here):—
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<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DDDB5F39B19B5FE2E" box="[432,504,416,437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Cooper</emphasis>
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[“
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<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DDE15F39B1A00FE2E" box="[528,589,416,437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Pittier</emphasis>
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”]
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<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DDE60F39B1AC4FE2E" box="[613,649,416,437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">572</emphasis>
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(BR-0005107995;
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<typeStatus id="54FB882DFFD1325DDF44F39B1BF4FE2E" box="[833,953,416,437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="isolectotype">isolectotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DBE69EF4FFD1325DDFC5F39B1C5DFE2E" box="[960,1040,416,437]" collectionCode="CR-" country="Costa Rica" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15652" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="Herbarium">CR-572</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B283CD2FFD1325DD81AF39B1AA6FE42" collectionCode="CR, US" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="CR-2495, CR-75711, US-00078576" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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<typeStatus id="54FB882DFFD1325DD81AF39B1C34FE2E" box="[1055,1145,416,437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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||
:—
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<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DD893F39B1C97FE2E" box="[1174,1242,416,437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Tonduz</emphasis>
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[“
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<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DD8F7F39B1D62FE2E" box="[1266,1327,416,437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Pittier</emphasis>
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”]
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<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DD942F39B1D3AFE2E" box="[1351,1399,416,437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">2495</emphasis>
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(BR-0013349196, -202,
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<specimenCode id="DBE69EF4FFD1325DDD7AF3FF1994FE42" box="[383,473,452,473]" collectionCode="CR-" country="Costa Rica" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15652" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="Herbarium">CR-2495</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DBE69EF4FFD1325DDDE3F3FF1A01FE42" box="[486,588,452,473]" collectionCode="CR-" country="Costa Rica" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15652" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="Herbarium">CR-75711</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DBE69EF4FFD1325DDE5DF3FF1AA9FE42" box="[600,740,452,473]" collectionCode="US-" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">US-00078576</specimenCode>
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||
)
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="3B283CD2FFD1325DDEF2F3FF192DFE66" collectionCode="CR, US" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="CR-11358, US-00078573" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DDEF2F3FF1B33FE42" box="[759,894,452,473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Tonduz 11358</emphasis>
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(BR-0013349219, -226,
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<specimenCode id="DBE69EF4FFD1325DD87CF3FF1C93FE42" box="[1145,1246,452,473]" collectionCode="CR-" country="Costa Rica" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15652" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="Herbarium">CR-11358</specimenCode>
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, GH-00375574,
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<specimenCode id="DBE69EF4FFD1325DD980F3FF1952FE66" collectionCode="US-" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">US-00078573</specimenCode>
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||
, -574)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35A6504FFD1325DDC8DF0151D29FA74" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFF368FFFD1325DDC8DF0151A8FFCD8" blockId="4.[136,1452,558,1519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
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When publishing
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D0CFFD1325DDD57F0151AB4FDDC" authority=", Donnell Smith (1898)" authorityName=", Donnell Smith" authorityYear="1898" box="[338,761,558,583]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Besleria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macropoda">
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<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DDD57F01519BDFDDC" box="[338,496,558,583]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">B. macropoda</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B7EFFD1325DDE05F0151AB4FDDC" author="Donnell Smith, J." box="[512,761,558,583]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" pagination="145 - 157" refId="ref10525" refString="Donnell Smith, J. (1898) Undescribed plants from Guatemala and other Central American republics. XX. Botanical Gazette 25 (3): 145 - 157. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1086 / 327650" type="journal article" year="1898">Donnell Smith (1898)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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listed three collections in the protologue:
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<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DD8DFF0151D19FDDC" box="[1242,1364,558,583]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Pittier 572</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DD961F015188DFDF0" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Pittier 2495</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DDCF9F06919D4FDF0" box="[252,409,594,619]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Tonduz 11358</emphasis>
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. Upon this
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<typeStatus id="54FB882DFFD1325DDE21F0691A36FDF0" box="[548,635,594,619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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collections, a possible
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<typeStatus id="54FB882DFFD1325DDF8FF0691BBCFDF0" box="[906,1009,594,619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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must be selected. In the
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D0CFFD1325DD913F0691DE6FDF0" box="[1302,1451,594,619]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Gesneriaceae</taxonomicName>
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treatment in Standley’s Flora of
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<collectingCountry id="F357761FFFD1325DDDF9F04D1A36FD14" box="[508,635,630,655]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B7EFFD1325DDE8CF04D1B35FD14" author="Morton, C. V." box="[649,888,630,655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" pagination="1137 - 1616" refId="ref11085" refString="Morton, C. V. (1938) Gesneriaceae. In: Standley, P. C. (Ed.) Flora of Costa Rica. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History Botanical series 18 (4): 1137 - 1616." type="journal article" year="1938">Morton (1938: 1153)</bibRefCitation>
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cited only one exemplary collection for
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D0CFFD1325DD94BF04D194BFD28" authorityName=", Donnell Smith" authorityYear="1898" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Besleria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macropoda">
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<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DD94BF04D194BFD28" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Besleria macropoda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: “Damp woods, El Recreo,
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<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DDE56F0A11A82FD28" box="[595,719,666,691]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Pittier 572</emphasis>
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.” In his later revision of the entire genus,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B7EFFD1325DD8C3F0A11DE1FD28" author="Morton, C. V." box="[1222,1452,666,691]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" pagination="395 - 474" refId="ref11132" refString="Morton, C. V. (1939) A revision of Besleria. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 26 (9): 395 - 474." type="journal article" year="1939">Morton (1939: 454)</bibRefCitation>
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chose the same collection (intentionally?) as the
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<typeStatus id="54FB882DFFD1325DDEC4F0851B65FD4C" box="[705,808,702,727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
by writing “Type. El Recreo,
|
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<collectingCountry id="F357761FFFD1325DD888F0851D40FD4C" box="[1165,1293,702,727]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DD919F0851DD5FD4C" box="[1308,1432,702,727]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Pittier 572</emphasis>
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||
.” Unfortunately, he did not cite or select a specific herbarium specimen as he did for other specimens and taxa in the same treatment. However, by including the term “type” this has to be considered a valid [first step] lectotypification according to the ICN (Melbourne Code, Art. 9.17).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BFF368FFFD1325DDCB8F1751DE7FC48" blockId="4.[136,1452,558,1519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
||
The type specimens based on Donnell Smith names are usually deposited at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History (
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<collectingCountry id="F357761FFFD1325DDDC8F14919B8FC10" box="[461,501,882,907]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
), to which he donated his private herbarium in 1905 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B7EFFD1325DD84EF1491CAEFC10" author="Coulter, J. M." box="[1099,1251,882,907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" refId="ref10331" refString="Coulter, J. M. (1908) Library of John Donnell Smith. Botanical Gazette 46 (4): 310. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1086 / 329729" type="journal volume" year="1908">Coulter 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It must be noted that there are no known duplicates of the above-mentioned collection at
|
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<collectingCountry id="F357761FFFD1325DDFB1F1AD1B95FC34" box="[948,984,918,943]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
(J. Boggan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357761FFFD1325DD862F1AD1CC3FC34" box="[1127,1166,918,943]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">US</collectingCountry>
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; pers. comm.), indicating that the specimen was lost, misplaced, or sent out for exchange before Morton revised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D0CFFD1325DD857F1811CE2FC48" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1106,1199,954,979]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Besleria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DD857F1811CE2FC48" box="[1106,1199,954,979]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Besleria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B7EFFD1325DD8BBF1811D1BFC48" author="Morton, C. V." box="[1214,1366,954,979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" pagination="1137 - 1616" refId="ref11085" refString="Morton, C. V. (1938) Gesneriaceae. In: Standley, P. C. (Ed.) Flora of Costa Rica. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History Botanical series 18 (4): 1137 - 1616." type="journal article" year="1938">Morton 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B7EFFD1325DD964F1811DD0FC48" author="Morton, C. V." box="[1377,1437,954,979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" pagination="395 - 474" refId="ref11132" refString="Morton, C. V. (1939) A revision of Besleria. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 26 (9): 395 - 474." type="journal article" year="1939">1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF368FFFD1325DDCB8F1E51A5FFAA0" blockId="4.[136,1452,558,1519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
||
From the two duplicates located by us, the specimen at CR bears a pre-printed “Herb. Instit. physico-geogr. nat. costaricensis” label that gives H. Pittier as collector, which is in accordance with the protologue. The specimen at BR includes the following pre-printed label “H. Pittier & Th. Durand / Plantae costaricenses exsiccatae”, with only the plant name written in. Above it is an additional smaller, hand-written label, which gives the collection number 572, locality, etc. and which indicates that the collection was made by J. J. Cooper, who also collected for J. Donnell Smith. In addition, J. Boggan verified that the collection number and label are in Cooper’s handwriting. Hence, we consider the handwritten label of the duplicate at BR as bearing the authentic information and the label of the duplicate at CR as an incomplete later transcript. We therefore refer to the collection as
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DDFA7F6E11BBBFB68" box="[930,1014,1242,1267]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Cooper</emphasis>
|
||
[“
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DD816F6E11C16FB68" box="[1043,1115,1242,1267]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Pittier</emphasis>
|
||
”]
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DD873F6E11CEDFB68" box="[1142,1184,1242,1267]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">572</emphasis>
|
||
and select the duplicate from BR as the [second step]
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB882DFFD1325DDDD0F6C51A72FA8C" box="[469,575,1278,1303]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. In addition, the specimen at BR includes more fertile material and is in better condition than the specimen at CR.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF368FFFD1325DDCB8F77D1D29FA74" blockId="4.[136,1452,558,1519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
||
A similar case is found in one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB882DFFD1325DDE61F77D1AF6FAC4" box="[612,699,1350,1375]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
collections that is refered to as
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DD822F77D1CE3FAC4" box="[1063,1198,1350,1375]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
||
Pittier
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B6AFFD1325DD873F77D1CE3FAC4" box="[1142,1198,1350,1375]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3373" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" unit="in" value="2495.0">2495</quantity>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the protologue, but should be attributed to A. Tonduz as the collector. The duplicate at BR (#0013349196) includes a handwritten label that gives Tonduz as the collector. Concordantly, the duplicates at CR and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357761FFFD1325DDFCCF7B51BA0FA3C" box="[969,1005,1422,1447]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
include preprinted labels with Pittier as the collector (i.e., Tonduz is not included on the preprinted label). We consider the information of the handwritten BR label as verification that Tonduz is the collector and therefore refer to the collection as
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DD851F7ED1CE9FA74" box="[1108,1188,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Tonduz</emphasis>
|
||
[“
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DD8C5F7ED1D45FA74" box="[1216,1288,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Pittier</emphasis>
|
||
”]
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA9DFFD1325DD920F7ED1D10FA74" box="[1317,1373,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">2495</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |