415 lines
51 KiB
XML
415 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="E044DEBBDAFEE8280475C267F8F12597" ID-CLB-Dataset="3152" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5072.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="87c4739e-7fe1-41e7-a25f-aae7e837fb33" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748862" ID-ZooBank="810459A8-AF47-47A9-B5B6-BE45659B3E7F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638424210814" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Benayahu, Yehuda, Ekins, Merrick & Mcfadden, Catherine S." docDate="2021" docId="FB5F8935FFDAFFABFF0CF9F73CD0D0F9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5072.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5072 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sympodium arbusculum Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden 2021, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="331" masterDocId="0766F14DFFDEFFACFF9BFFF93E6FD02C" masterDocTitle="Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism" masterLastPageNumber="350" masterPageNumber="324" pageNumber="328" updateTime="1699471700562" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0D8EE4950B78442A5DFA9C370CD979FE">
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<mods:title id="13F53DF453BB6CDDBF11C0E041C9E415">Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D8FAE91A249A0ECF82B34482AE1B3F87" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BB44F9443E26D004D0BDC4017D6FE9D7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="460E5025158802D5FBEC3482D0F6EDAE">Benayahu, Yehuda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4EEBFCF0BD581B97A56F4C1264B10F7A" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6999-0239</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="BF3D1CF191E2E481D0B41DF04A6B77ED">School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel yehudab @ tauex. tau. ac. il; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6999 - 0239</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F8D12C48225BF71ACFB397EB8676442D" type="email">yehudab@tauex.tau.ac.il</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="19DDE4370BF871DEB5345FFA09EB9030" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="45BCCE216EB1FF2C7C5AEDB58D598D2D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="686B0B1C36FD129A00503633C2E0421A">Ekins, Merrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D23FB00E7F818D8B37EA790A1CF141AA">Queensland Museum, South Brisbane BC, Queensland 4101, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="EC68549235C399FAFB9294C1723C487B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="04D9EFA02F887ADE8947DF48705356B9">Mcfadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B74D6F186C8D9AD7A8472E5291B76F84">Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="DB25018BBDBAC0BCB5325D7393C0899C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="18B13F8160BC1B29D9628C8F73E1B20F">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CF2FEEB0C11811F7100B8802E7A142BF">2021-12-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="817327F994EDA715C9BC5B482EF40720">5072</mods:number>
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<treatment id="FB5F8935FFDAFFABFF0CF9F73CD0D0F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748812" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190875734" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748812" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFDAFFABFF0CF9F73CD0D0F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB5F8935FFDAFFABFF0CF9F73CD0D0F9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="331" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">
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<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFDAFFA8FF0CF9F73C66D605" box="[151,521,1550,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="73493823FFDAFFA8FF0CF9F73C66D605" blockId="4.[151,521,1550,1613]" box="[151,521,1550,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">
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<heading id="28018F4FFFDAFFA8FF0CF9F73C66D605" bold="true" box="[151,521,1550,1577]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFDAFFA8FF0CF9F73C66D605" bold="true" box="[151,521,1550,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">
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<taxonomicName id="B4F643A0FFDAFFA8FF0CF9F73FD0D605" ID-CoL="8TFZH" authority="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,447,1550,1577]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sympodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbusculum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFDAFFA8FF0CF9F73FD0D605" bold="true" box="[151,447,1550,1577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Sympodium arbusculum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AB1594AFFDAFFA8FE5DF9F63C66D605" box="[454,521,1551,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFDAFFA8FF0CF9CA3F5FD661" box="[151,304,1587,1613]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" type="description">
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<paragraph id="73493823FFDAFFA8FF0CF9CA3F5FD661" blockId="4.[151,521,1550,1613]" box="[151,304,1587,1613]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">
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<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFDAFFA8FF0CF9CA3E8CD661" box="[151,227,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,183,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[162,1425,179,1802]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sympodium arbusculum sp. n.: morphology of type material. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36017) with polyps budding off on different levels from the encrusting membrane, occasionally dichotomously, forming small branched groups of polyps. (B) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_38226) featuring clusters of expanded polyps. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015) comprises eight fragments, two shown here. (D) Polyps of the paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015) whose polyps bud off in a distinct dichotomous manner, forming small groups of polyps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748864/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFDAFFA8FF6AF9CA3F6ED661" box="[241,257,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1376,1400]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,525,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-181@6.[151,1435,525,1352]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium arbusculum sp. n. Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36017): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (D) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748869/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFDAFFA8FE96F9CA3F5FD661" box="[269,304,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,240,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-48@7.[151,1436,237,1766]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Live colonies of Sympodium species on the reef. (A) S. arbusculum sp. n.: colonies with clusters of expanded polyps. (B, C) S. caeruleum Ehrenberg, 1834; membrane-like colonies with expanded polyps. (D, E) Patches of Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n. colonies with expanded polyps over the mounds. (F) S. hexagonotus sp. n. holotype colony featuring distinct mounds with expanded polyps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748871/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">3A</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFDAFFA8FF0CF98D3F69D6A2" bold="true" box="[151,262,1652,1678]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="C39E327EFFDAFFA8FE88F98D3C4ED69E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413092336" collectingDate="2012-11-29" collectorName="Y. Benayahu" country="Madagascar" elevation="8" latitude="-12.834233" location="Co" municipality="Ankarea" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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.
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<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFDAFFA8FE37F98D3C76D6A2" box="[428,537,1652,1678]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: SMNHTAU_
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<location id="76296EF8FFDAFFA8FD53F98D3C87D6A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFDAFFABFF0CF9F73CD0D0F9:76296EF8FFDAFFA8FD53F98D3C87D6A2" box="[712,744,1652,1678]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-12.834233" municipality="Ankarea" name="Co" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Co</location>
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_36017,
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<collectingMunicipality id="932DA259FFDAFFA8FCD1F98D3DC6D6A2" box="[842,937,1652,1678]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Ankaréa</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFDAFFA8FBFBF98D3B68D6A3" box="[1120,1287,1652,1679]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">48°34.563.3’E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<date id="07481EE3FFDAFFA8FA1BF98D3F20D69E" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" value="2012-11-29">
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<collectingDate id="170CE70BFFDAFFA8FA1BF98D3F20D69E" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" value="2012-11-29">29 November 2012</collectingDate>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFDAFFA8FE14F9603C4ED69E" box="[399,545,1688,1715]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Y. Benayahu</collectorName>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="C39E327EFFDAFFA8FDB0F9613C13D6D6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413092319" collectingDate="2004-12-10" collectorName="Y. Benayahu" country="Tanzania" county="Shundo" elevation="13" latitude="-4.881389" location="Co" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="39.302776" municipality="Co" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFDAFFA8FDB0F9613CCCD69E" bold="true" box="[555,675,1688,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">
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<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFDAFFA8FDB0F9613CCCD69E" box="[555,675,1688,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: SMNHTAU_
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<location id="76296EF8FFDAFFA8FCD3F9613D08D69E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFDAFFABFF0CF9F73CD0D0F9:76296EF8FFDAFFA8FCD3F9613D08D69E" box="[840,871,1688,1714]" country="Tanzania" county="Shundo" latitude="-4.881389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="39.302776" municipality="Co" name="Co" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Co</location>
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38226, five colonies, same details as the
|
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<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFDAFFA8FAA9F9613BF7D69E" box="[1330,1432,1688,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; SMNHTAU_
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<location id="76296EF8FFDAFFA8FEA9F9453F3DD6FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFDAFFABFF0CF9F73CD0D0F9:76296EF8FFDAFFA8FEA9F9453F3DD6FB" box="[306,338,1724,1751]" country="Tanzania" county="Shundo" latitude="-4.881389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="39.302776" municipality="Co" name="Co" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Co</location>
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_36015, same details;
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<collectingCountry id="0BE178B3FFDAFFA8FDD0F9453CDCD6FA" box="[587,691,1724,1750]" name="Tanzania" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, SMNHTAU_
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<collectingMunicipality id="932DA259FFDAFFA8FCC2F9453D16D6FA" box="[857,889,1724,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Co</collectingMunicipality>
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_32919,
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<collectingCounty id="9A2840AFFFDAFFA8FC42F9453A40D6FA" box="[985,1071,1724,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Shundo</collectingCounty>
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(
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFDAFFA8FB5DF9453B21D6FA" box="[1222,1358,1724,1750]" degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" precision="15" seconds="10" value="39.302776">39°18’10”E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<quantity id="B40E95C6FFDAFFA8FAFFF9453EC0D6D7" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="0.0">
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,
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<date id="07481EE3FFDAFFA8FF25F9193FF2D6D6" box="[190,413,1760,1786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" value="2004-12-10">
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<collectingDate id="170CE70BFFDAFFA8FF25F9193FF2D6D6" box="[190,413,1760,1786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" value="2004-12-10">10 December 2004</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFDAFFA8FE7DF9183C13D6D6" box="[486,636,1760,1787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Y. Benayahu</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
|
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<materialsCitation id="C39E327EFFDAFFA8FD11F9183D57D732" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413092320" collectingDate="2001-02-16" collectorName="Y. Benayahu & S. Perkol-Finkel" country="Kenya" elevation="10" location="Co" municipality="Turning Buoy" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<collectingCountry id="0BE178B3FFDAFFA8FD11F9183CB8D6D7" box="[650,727,1761,1787]" name="Kenya" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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. SMNHTAU_
|
||
<location id="76296EF8FFDAFFA8FCE5F9193DF1D6D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFDAFFABFF0CF9F73CD0D0F9:76296EF8FFDAFFA8FCE5F9193DF1D6D6" box="[894,926,1760,1786]" country="Kenya" municipality="Turning Buoy" name="Co" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Co</location>
|
||
_31143, off Mombasa,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="932DA259FFDAFFA8FB32F9193B24D6D7" box="[1193,1355,1760,1787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Turning Buoy</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFDAFFA8FAC2F9193BF8D6D7" box="[1369,1431,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||
<elevation id="F8DBDF10FFDAFFA8FAC2F9193BF8D6D7" box="[1369,1431,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="07481EE3FFDAFFA8FF0CF8FD3F04D732" box="[151,363,1796,1822]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" value="2001-02-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="170CE70BFFDAFFA8FF0CF8FD3F04D732" box="[151,363,1796,1822]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" value="2001-02-16">16 February 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFDAFFA8FE2DF8FC3C25D732" box="[438,586,1796,1823]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Y. Benayahu</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFDAFFA8FDECF8FD3D57D732" box="[631,824,1796,1822]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">S. Perkol-Finkel</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C39E327EFFDAFFA8FCDCF8FD3BF7D76E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413092353" collectingDate="2001-02-20" collectorName="Y. Benayahu & S. Perkol-Finkel" country="Kenya" county="Simon's Corner" elevation="23" location="Co" municipality="Co" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
SMNHTAU_
|
||
<location id="76296EF8FFDAFFA8FC7AF8FD3A6ED733" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFDAFFABFF0CF9F73CD0D0F9:76296EF8FFDAFFA8FC7AF8FD3A6ED733" box="[993,1025,1796,1823]" country="Kenya" county="Simon's Corner" municipality="Co" name="Co" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Co</location>
|
||
_31153, same details; SMNHTAU_
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="932DA259FFDAFFA8FF0CF8D13ED7D76E" box="[151,184,1832,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Co</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
_31163, off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0BE178B3FFDAFFA8FEDCF8D13FD7D76E" box="[327,440,1832,1858]" name="Kenya" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Mombasa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="9A2840AFFFDAFFA8FE5CF8D13C12D76E" box="[455,637,1832,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Simon’s Corner</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFDAFFA8FD10F8D13C9BD76F" box="[651,756,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" unit="m" value="23.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="20.0">
|
||
<elevation id="F8DBDF10FFDAFFA8FD10F8D13C9BD76F" box="[651,756,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" unit="m" value="23.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="20.0">20–26 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="07481EE3FFDAFFA8FC98F8D13DBBD76E" box="[771,980,1832,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" value="2001-02-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="170CE70BFFDAFFA8FC98F8D13DBBD76E" box="[771,980,1832,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" value="2001-02-20">20 February 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFDAFFA8FB86F8D03AC0D76E" box="[1053,1199,1832,1859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Y. Benayahu</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFDAFFA8FB42F8D13BF7D76E" box="[1241,1432,1832,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">S. Perkol-Finkel</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C39E327EFFDAFFA8FF0CF8B43F3BD7A6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413092346" collectingDate="2001-02-20" collectorName="Y. Benayahu & S. Perkol-Finkel" country="Kenya" elevation="11" location="Co" municipality="Shelly Beach" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0BE178B3FFDAFFA8FF0CF8B43E8CD74B" box="[151,227,1869,1895]" name="Kenya" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, SMNHTAU_
|
||
<location id="76296EF8FFDAFFA8FE10F8B53FC4D74A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFDAFFABFF0CF9F73CD0D0F9:76296EF8FFDAFFA8FE10F8B53FC4D74A" box="[395,427,1868,1894]" country="Kenya" municipality="Shelly Beach" name="Co" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Co</location>
|
||
_31173, off Mombasa,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="932DA259FFDAFFA8FD2EF8B53D20D74A" box="[693,847,1868,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Shelly Beach</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFDAFFA8FCC6F8B53DAAD74B" box="[861,965,1868,1895]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||
<elevation id="F8DBDF10FFDAFFA8FCC6F8B53DAAD74B" box="[861,965,1868,1895]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="07481EE3FFDAFFA8FC4FF8B53ACBD74A" box="[980,1188,1868,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" value="2001-02-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="170CE70BFFDAFFA8FC4FF8B53ACBD74A" box="[980,1188,1868,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" value="2001-02-20">20 February 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFDAFFA8FB70F8B43B12D74A" box="[1259,1405,1868,1895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Y. Benayahu</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFDAFFA8FF0CF8893F3BD7A6" box="[151,340,1904,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">S. Perkol-Finkel</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C39E327EFFDAFFA8FEC4F8893F43D782" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413092340" collectingDate="2002-03-09" collectorName="Y. Benayahu" country="Kenya" county="Shelly Reef" elevation="19" latitude="-39.683334" location="Co" municipality="Likoni" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
SMNHTAU_
|
||
<location id="76296EF8FFDAFFA8FE61F8893C75D7A7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFDAFFABFF0CF9F73CD0D0F9:76296EF8FFDAFFA8FE61F8893C75D7A7" box="[506,538,1904,1931]" country="Kenya" county="Shelly Reef" latitude="-39.683334" municipality="Likoni" name="Co" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Co</location>
|
||
_31495, off
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="932DA259FFDAFFA8FD3AF8893C80D7A6" box="[673,751,1904,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Likoni</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="9A2840AFFFDAFFA8FD61F8893D11D7A6" box="[762,894,1904,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Shelly Reef</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFDAFFA8FC14F8893D9AD7A6" box="[911,1013,1904,1930]" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="06.4" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" precision="92" value="-4.1066666">4°06.4’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFDAFFA8FB9AF8893A0FD7A6" box="[1025,1120,1904,1930]" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" precision="925" value="-39.683334">39°41’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFDAFFA8FBEEF8893ADED7A7" box="[1141,1201,1904,1931]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" unit="m" value="19.0">
|
||
<elevation id="F8DBDF10FFDAFFA8FBEEF8893ADED7A7" box="[1141,1201,1904,1931]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" unit="m" value="19.0">19 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="07481EE3FFDAFFA8FB25F8893B30D7A6" box="[1214,1375,1904,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" value="2002-03-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="170CE70BFFDAFFA8FB25F8893B30D7A6" box="[1214,1375,1904,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" value="2002-03-09">9 March 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFDAFFA8FF0CF86C3F43D782" box="[151,300,1940,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Y. Benayahu</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C39E327EFFDAFFA8FEA2F86D3F64D7FE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413092310" collectingDate="2002-02-02" collectorName="Y. Benayahu" country="Kenya" county="Wall" elevation="21" latitude="-4.1066666" location="Co" longLatPrecision="928" longitude="39.7" municipality="Likoni" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
SMNHTAU_
|
||
<location id="76296EF8FFDAFFA8FE48F86D3F9CD783" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFDAFFABFF0CF9F73CD0D0F9:76296EF8FFDAFFA8FE48F86D3F9CD783" box="[467,499,1940,1967]" country="Kenya" county="Wall" latitude="-4.1066666" longLatPrecision="928" longitude="39.7" municipality="Likoni" name="Co" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Co</location>
|
||
_31512, off
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="932DA259FFDAFFA8FDE6F86D3CA4D782" box="[637,715,1940,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Likoni</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="9A2840AFFFDAFFA8FD43F86D3D63D782" box="[728,780,1940,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Wall</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFDAFFA8FC85F86D3DEBD782" box="[798,900,1940,1966]" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="06.4" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" precision="92" value="-4.1066666">4°06.4’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFDAFFA8FC09F86D3D9CD782" box="[914,1011,1940,1966]" degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" precision="925" value="39.7">39°42’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFDAFFA8FB92F86D3A1FD783" box="[1033,1136,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" unit="m" value="21.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="15.0">
|
||
<elevation id="F8DBDF10FFDAFFA8FB92F86D3A1FD783" box="[1033,1136,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" unit="m" value="21.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="15.0">15–27 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="07481EE3FFDAFFA8FBE5F86D3B51D782" box="[1150,1342,1940,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" value="2002-02-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="170CE70BFFDAFFA8FBE5F86D3B51D782" box="[1150,1342,1940,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" value="2002-02-02">2 February 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFDAFFA8FA1EF86C3F64D7FE" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Y. Benayahu</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C39E327EFFDAFFA8FE81F8413F60D7DA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413092326" collectingDate="2002-03-09" collectorName="Y. Benayahu." country="Kenya" county="Shelly Reef" elevation="19" latitude="-4.1066666" location="Co" longLatPrecision="928" longitude="39.683334" municipality="Likoni" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
SMNHTAU_
|
||
<location id="76296EF8FFDAFFA8FE28F8413FBCD7FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFDAFFABFF0CF9F73CD0D0F9:76296EF8FFDAFFA8FE28F8413FBCD7FF" box="[435,467,1976,2003]" country="Kenya" county="Shelly Reef" latitude="-4.1066666" longLatPrecision="928" longitude="39.683334" municipality="Likoni" name="Co" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Co</location>
|
||
_31590, off
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="932DA259FFDAFFA8FDFAF8413CC0D7FE" box="[609,687,1976,2002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Likoni</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="9A2840AFFFDAFFA8FD26F8413D2AD7FE" box="[701,837,1976,2002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Shelly Reef</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFDAFFA8FCC3F8413DD1D7FE" box="[856,958,1976,2002]" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="06.4" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" precision="92" value="-4.1066666">4°06.4’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFDAFFA8FC56F8413A42D7FE" box="[973,1069,1976,2002]" degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" precision="925" value="39.683334">39°41’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFDAFFA8FBDDF8413AEBD7FF" box="[1094,1156,1976,2003]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" unit="m" value="19.0">
|
||
<elevation id="F8DBDF10FFDAFFA8FBDDF8413AEBD7FF" box="[1094,1156,1976,2003]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" unit="m" value="19.0">19 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="07481EE3FFDAFFA8FB0FF8413B54D7FE" box="[1172,1339,1976,2002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" value="2002-03-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="170CE70BFFDAFFA8FB0FF8413B54D7FE" box="[1172,1339,1976,2002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="328" value="2002-03-09">9 March 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFDAFFA8FA1EF8403F60D7DA" pageId="4" pageNumber="328">Y. Benayahu.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="278968ABFFDBFFA9FF0CF8DD3D7FD7E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748864" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748864/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="329" startId="5.[151,250,1828,1852]" targetBox="[163,1422,183,1802]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFDBFFA9FF0CF8DD3D7FD7E0" blockId="5.[151,1437,1828,1997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFDBFFA9FF0CF8DD3F7BD710" bold="true" box="[151,276,1828,1852]" pageId="5" pageNumber="329">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4F643A0FFDBFFA9FE81F8DD3C60D710" authority="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[282,527,1828,1852]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sympodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="329" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbusculum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFDBFFA9FE81F8DD3C60D710" box="[282,527,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="329">Sympodium arbusculum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFDBFFA9FD8EF8DD3C20D710" bold="true" box="[533,591,1828,1852]" pageId="5" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AB1594AFFDBFFA9FD8EF8DD3C20D710" box="[533,591,1828,1852]" pageId="5" pageNumber="329" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: morphology of type material. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36017) with polyps budding off on different levels from the encrusting membrane, occasionally dichotomously, forming small branched groups of polyps. (B) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_38226) featuring clusters of expanded polyps. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015) comprises eight fragments, two shown here. (D) Polyps of the paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015) whose polyps bud off in a distinct dichotomous manner, forming small groups of polyps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFD8FFAAFF5CFF6F3D7CD601" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD8FFAAFF5CFF6F3E99D1A5" blockId="6.[151,1436,150,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD8FFAAFF5CFF6F3F3ED09C" bold="true" box="[199,337,150,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD8FFAAFE00FF6E3F92D09D" box="[411,509,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is an encrusting colony attached by a membrane to calcareous fragments, and measures 1.9 x
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD8FFAAFED8FF433FE1D0F9" box="[323,398,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD8FFAAFE06FF423F9AD0F9" box="[413,501,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,183,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[162,1425,179,1802]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sympodium arbusculum sp. n.: morphology of type material. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36017) with polyps budding off on different levels from the encrusting membrane, occasionally dichotomously, forming small branched groups of polyps. (B) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_38226) featuring clusters of expanded polyps. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015) comprises eight fragments, two shown here. (D) Polyps of the paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015) whose polyps bud off in a distinct dichotomous manner, forming small groups of polyps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748864/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its soft basal membrane is thin, <
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD8FFAAFCE6FF423DD5D0F9" box="[893,954,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick. Clusters of non-retractile polyps bud off at different levels, occasionally dichotomously, to form small branched groups of polyps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD8FFAAFB01FF263A9ED0D5" box="[1178,1265,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,183,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[162,1425,179,1802]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sympodium arbusculum sp. n.: morphology of type material. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36017) with polyps budding off on different levels from the encrusting membrane, occasionally dichotomously, forming small branched groups of polyps. (B) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_38226) featuring clusters of expanded polyps. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015) comprises eight fragments, two shown here. (D) Polyps of the paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015) whose polyps bud off in a distinct dichotomous manner, forming small groups of polyps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748864/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Occasionally, individual polyps arise from the membrane between the clustered polyps. The polyps that are the most expanded are up to
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD8FFAAFF4DFEDE3F79D16D" box="[214,278,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and the tentacles are up to
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD8FFAAFDE7FEDE3CD2D16D" box="[636,701,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. The poor preservation state of the sample prevents a precise pinnule count, but it is estimated to be a single row with up to 10 slender and pointed pinnules on either side of the tentacle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD8FFAAFF5CFE6A3C17D1D9" blockId="6.[151,1436,150,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">
|
||
The sclerites of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD8FFAAFE04FE6A3C6ED181" box="[415,513,403,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
are ellipsoid platelets, abundant throughout the colony,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFD8FFAAFBF7FE6A3AC4D181" box="[1132,1195,403,429]" degrees="0.010" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" precision="55" value="0.01">0.010</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFD8FFAAFB30FE6A3A98D181" box="[1195,1271,403,429]" degrees="0.011" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" precision="55" value="-0.011">–0.011</geoCoordinate>
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD8FFAAFA8BFE6B3EACD1FD" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="0.016" valueMax="0.017" valueMin="0.015">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFD8FFAAFA8BFE6B3B20D181" box="[1296,1359,402,429]" degrees="0.015" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" precision="55" value="0.015">0.015</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFD8FFAAFAD4FE6B3BF3D181" box="[1359,1436,402,429]" degrees="0.017" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" precision="55" value="-0.017">–0.017</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD8FFAAFECCFE4E3FDED1FD" box="[343,433,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1376,1400]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,525,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-181@6.[151,1435,525,1352]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium arbusculum sp. n. Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36017): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (D) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748869/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are composed of tightly packed calcite rods whose tips provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD8FFAAFD81FE223C1FD1D9" box="[538,624,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1376,1400]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,525,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-181@6.[151,1435,525,1352]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium arbusculum sp. n. Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36017): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (D) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748869/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="278968ABFFD8FFAAFF0CFA993E87D5C8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748869" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748869/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" startId="6.[151,250,1376,1400]" targetBox="[151,1435,525,1352]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD8FFAAFF0CFA993E87D5C8" blockId="6.[151,1437,1376,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD8FFAAFF0CFA993F7BD554" bold="true" box="[151,276,1376,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4F643A0FFD8FFAAFD6AFA993D89D554" authority="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[753,998,1376,1400]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sympodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbusculum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD8FFAAFD6AFA993D89D554" box="[753,998,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">Sympodium arbusculum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD8FFAAFC76FA993A49D554" bold="true" box="[1005,1062,1376,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AB1594AFFD8FFAAFC76FA993A49D554" box="[1005,1062,1376,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36017): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (D) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD8FFAAFF5CF9EB3D7CD601" blockId="6.[151,1436,1554,2013]" box="[199,787,1554,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD8FFAAFF5CF9EB3F7FD600" bold="true" box="[199,272,1554,1580]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">Color.</emphasis>
|
||
The ethanol-preserved colony is light cream..
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFD8FFAAFF5CF9CF3F67D658" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD8FFAAFF5CF9CF3F67D658" blockId="6.[151,1436,1554,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD8FFAAFF5CF9CF3F21D67C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1590,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species’ name is derived from the Latin ‘arbuscula’, bush, referring to the clustered arrangement of polyps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFD8FFAAFF5CF9873FD6D75D" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD8FFAAFF5CF9873FD6D75D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1554,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD8FFAAFF5CF9873F50D6B4" bold="true" box="[199,319,1662,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD8FFAAFEE3F9863FB7D6B5" box="[376,472,1663,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
SMNHTAU_Co_38226 comprises four colonies that vary in size: the smallest colony measures 1.0 x
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD8FFAAFED8F95B3FE1D691" box="[323,398,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
and the largest one 3.5 x
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD8FFAAFD3DF95B3C9ED691" box="[678,753,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD8FFAAFC9BF95B3D38D690" box="[768,855,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,183,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[162,1425,179,1802]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sympodium arbusculum sp. n.: morphology of type material. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36017) with polyps budding off on different levels from the encrusting membrane, occasionally dichotomously, forming small branched groups of polyps. (B) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_38226) featuring clusters of expanded polyps. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015) comprises eight fragments, two shown here. (D) Polyps of the paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015) whose polyps bud off in a distinct dichotomous manner, forming small groups of polyps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748864/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
: one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD8FFAAFC4DF95A3A28D691" box="[982,1095,1699,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
). Groups of polyps comprising these
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD8FFAAFF41F93E3F2AD6CD" box="[218,325,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
range in number of polyps from 4 to 18, and are up to
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD8FFAAFC5CF93F3A78D6CD" box="[967,1047,1734,1761]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long from the basal membrane to the tip of the uppermost polyp. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD8FFAAFDA2F9123CF6D729" box="[569,665,1771,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
SMNHTAU_Co_36015 comprises eight colonies or fragments that resemble the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD8FFAAFEB6F8F73FFDD704" box="[301,402,1806,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, except in size. The dichotomous arrangement of the polyps is visible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD8FFAAFB35F8F73B46D705" box="[1198,1321,1806,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,183,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[162,1425,179,1802]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sympodium arbusculum sp. n.: morphology of type material. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36017) with polyps budding off on different levels from the encrusting membrane, occasionally dichotomously, forming small branched groups of polyps. (B) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_38226) featuring clusters of expanded polyps. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015) comprises eight fragments, two shown here. (D) Polyps of the paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015) whose polyps bud off in a distinct dichotomous manner, forming small groups of polyps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748864/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">Fig. 1C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both the dimensions of the paratypes’ sclerites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD8FFAAFDCAF8CB3CC6D760" box="[593,681,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1376,1400]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,525,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-181@6.[151,1435,525,1352]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium arbusculum sp. n. Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36017): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (D) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748869/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and their surface microstructure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD8FFAAFBAFF8CB3AE2D760" box="[1076,1165,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1376,1400]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,525,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-181@6.[151,1435,525,1352]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium arbusculum sp. n. Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36017): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (D) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748869/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
) correspond to those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD8FFAAFF5BF8AF3F4DD75C" box="[192,290,1878,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD8FFAAFEA9F8AF3FC4D75D" box="[306,427,1878,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1376,1400]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,525,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-181@6.[151,1435,525,1352]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium arbusculum sp. n. Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36017): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36015): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (D) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748869/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFD8FFABFF5CF8833AACD09D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="331" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD8FFAAFF5CF8833C72D7F0" blockId="6.[151,1436,1554,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD8FFAAFF5CF8833F5BD7B8" bold="true" box="[199,308,1914,1940]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The morphology of the colonies, and in particular the arrangement of the non-retractile polyps in clusters, is considered to be diagnostic of the species. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD8FFAAFCADF8673DF7D794" box="[822,920,1950,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was sequenced and subsequently assigned to MOTU38 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="176745D2FFD8FFAAFE8FF83B3C7ED7F0" author="McFadden, C. S. & Gonzalez, A. & Imada, R. & Shi, S. S. & Hong, P. & Ekins, M. & Benayahu, Y." box="[276,529,1986,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="330" pagination="992 - 1006" refId="ref14669" refString="McFadden, C. S., Gonzalez, A., Imada, R., Shi, S. S., Hong, P., Ekins, M. & Benayahu, Y. (2019) Molecular operational taxonomic units reveal restricted geographic ranges and regional endemism in the Indo-Pacific octocoral family Xeniidae. Journal of Biogeography, 46, 992 - 1006. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13543" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
McFadden
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD8FFAAFE0EF83A3FA9D7F0" box="[405,454,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="330">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD9FFABFF5CFF6F3AACD09D" blockId="7.[199,1219,150,213]" box="[199,1219,150,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD9FFABFF5CFF6F3F13D09C" bold="true" box="[199,380,150,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="331">Living features</emphasis>
|
||
. The live brownish colonies feature clusters of expanded polyps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD9FFABFBC7FF6E3AD9D09D" box="[1116,1206,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,240,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-48@7.[151,1436,237,1766]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Live colonies of Sympodium species on the reef. (A) S. arbusculum sp. n.: colonies with clusters of expanded polyps. (B, C) S. caeruleum Ehrenberg, 1834; membrane-like colonies with expanded polyps. (D, E) Patches of Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n. colonies with expanded polyps over the mounds. (F) S. hexagonotus sp. n. holotype colony featuring distinct mounds with expanded polyps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748871/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="331">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFD9FFABFF5CFF433CD0D0F9" box="[199,703,186,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="331" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD9FFABFF5CFF433CD0D0F9" blockId="7.[199,1219,150,213]" box="[199,703,186,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD9FFABFF5CFF433F36D0F8" bold="true" box="[199,345,186,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="331">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0BE178B3FFD9FFABFEFCFF423FDCD0F9" box="[359,435,187,213]" name="Kenya" pageId="7" pageNumber="331">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0BE178B3FFD9FFABFE24FF423C27D0F9" box="[447,584,187,213]" name="Madagascar" pageId="7" pageNumber="331">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0BE178B3FFD9FFABFDC9FF423CD5D0F9" box="[594,698,187,213]" name="Tanzania" pageId="7" pageNumber="331">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |