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<mods:title id="4E73EB2F788F74CF7078802B2A44EE74">Earthworm fauna of Eastern Taiwan, with descriptions of two new species (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E77D1B60FBFFE4F444B6558D34311F95">Wang, Yu-Hsi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BFD1D941111625133C55FFD0486533C4">Shih, Hsi-Te</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="2B4281D8FFB4775DFF39FEE6FD47FEAD" bold="true" box="[151,645,338,364]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B7B54D37FFB4775DFF39FEE6FD47FEAD" authority="Shen &amp; Tsai, 2002" authorityName="Shen &amp; Tsai" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,645,338,364]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pithemera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lanyuensis">
<emphasis id="42C1EAA6FFB4775DFF39FEE6FD47FEAD" bold="true" box="[151,645,338,364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="42C1EAA6FFB4775DFF39FEE6FE5FFEAD" bold="true" box="[151,413,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">Pithemera lanyuensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="14244B45FFB4775DFE0AFEE6FD47FEAD" author="Shen" box="[420,645,338,364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" refString="Shen, H. - P., Tsai, C. - F. &amp; Tsai, S. - C. (2002) Description of a new earthworm belonging to the genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Taiwan and its infraspecific variation relation to elevation. The Raffles Bulletin Zoology 250, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2002">Shen &amp; Tsai, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B7B54D37FFB4775DFF39FE2EFDB8FE70" authority="Shen &amp; Tsai 2002a: 17" authorityName="Shen &amp; Tsai" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,634,410,433]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pithemera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lanyuensis">
<emphasis id="42C1EAA6FFB4775DFF39FE2EFEBEFE70" box="[151,380,410,433]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">Pithemera lanyuensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="F11410A5FFB4775DFE2AFE2EFDB8FE70" author="Shen" box="[388,634,410,433]" page="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="14244B45FFB4775DFE2AFE2EFD91FE70" author="Shen" box="[388,595,410,433]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" refString="Shen, H. - P. &amp; Tsai, C. - F. (2002 a) A new earthworm of the genus Pithemera (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from the Lanyu Island (Botel Tobago). Journal of the National Taiwan Museum, 55, 17 - 24." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Shen &amp; Tsai 2002a</bibRefCitation>
: 17
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 1A;
<treatmentCitation id="F11410A5FFB4775DFD70FE2EFBC7FE70" author="Blakemore" box="[734,1029,410,433]" page="230" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="14244B45FFB4775DFD70FE2EFC0DFE70" author="Blakemore" box="[734,975,410,433]" pageId="12" pageNumber="66" refString="Blakemore, R. J., Chang, C. - H., Chuang, S. - C., Ito, M. T., James, S. W. &amp; Chen, J. - H. (2006) Biodiversity of earthworms in Taiwan: a species checklist with the confirmation and new records of the exotic lumbricids Eisenia fetida and Eiseniella tetraedra. Taiwania, 51, 226 - 236." type="journal article" year="2006">
Blakemore
<emphasis id="42C1EAA6FFB4775DFCF4FE2EFC4AFE70" box="[858,904,410,433]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
: 230
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="F11410A5FFB4775DFBBEFE2EFB22FE70" author="Tsai" box="[1040,1248,410,433]" page="38" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="14244B45FFB4775DFBBEFE2EFB75FE70" author="Tsai" box="[1040,1207,410,433]" pageId="12" pageNumber="68" refString="Tsai, C. - F., Shen, H. - P., Tsai, S. - C., Lin, K. - J., Hsieh, H. - L. &amp; Yo, S. - P. (2009) A checklist of oligochaetes (Annelida) from Taiwan and its adjacent islands. Zootaxa, 2133, 33 - 48." type="journal article" year="2009">
Tsai
<emphasis id="42C1EAA6FFB4775DFBECFE2EFBB3FE70" box="[1090,1137,410,433]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
: 38
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38AF653FFFB4775DFF39FE6BFBA9FD75" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="700A36B4FFB4775DFF39FE6BFBA9FD75" blockId="12.[151,1437,479,1028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="42C1EAA6FFB4775DFF39FE6BFE4DFE38" bold="true" box="[151,399,479,505]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">Material examined.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="66B3FD3DFFB4775DFE39FE54FE2FFE3B" box="[407,493,480,506]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
, NCHUZOOL 13523, Basiandong, Changbin, Taitung Co.,
<collectingCountry id="08A27624FFB4775DFB15FE54FAD7FE3B" box="[1211,1301,480,506]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, coll. H.-T. Shih
<emphasis id="42C1EAA6FFB4775DFF7BFDB1FECBFDDF" box="[213,265,517,542]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
.,
<date id="040B1074FFB4775DFE8EFDB1FE79FDDE" box="[288,443,517,543]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" value="2007-01-30">30 Jan. 2007</date>
;
<specimenCount id="66B3FD3DFFB4775DFE69FDB1FDDEFDDE" box="[455,540,517,543]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
, NCHUZOOL 13531,
<geoCoordinate id="15815073FFB4775DFC85FDB1FC07FDDE" box="[811,965,517,543]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" precision="1" value="22.033777">22°021.6”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="15815073FFB4775DFC7CFDB1FB44FDDE" box="[978,1158,517,543]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" precision="1" value="121.56603">121°3357.7”E</geoCoordinate>
, Yeyin, Lanyu, Taitung Co.,
<collectingCountry id="08A27624FFB4775DFF7FFD9EFEEEFD85" box="[209,300,554,580]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, Y.-H. Wang,
<date id="040B1074FFB4775DFE78FD9EFDA6FD85" box="[470,612,554,580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" value="2008-01-07">
7
<bibRefCitation id="14244B45FFB4775DFE40FD9EFDA6FD85" author="Jan" box="[494,612,554,580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" refString="Jang-Liaw, N. - H., Lee, T. - H. &amp; Chou, W. - H. (2008) Phylogeography of Sylvirana latouchii (Anura, Ranidae) in Taiwan. Zoological Science, 25, 68 - 79." type="journal article" year="2008">Jan. 2008</bibRefCitation>
</date>
;
<specimenCount id="66B3FD3DFFB4775DFDDCFD9EFD16FD85" box="[626,724,554,580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
, NCHUZOOL 13532, Kaiyuan Harbor Lighthouse, Lanyu, Taitung Co.,
<collectingCountry id="08A27624FFB4775DFE9EFDE4FE4BFDAB" box="[304,393,592,618]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, Y.-H. Wang,
<date id="040B1074FFB4775DFD81FDE4FD7DFDAB" box="[559,703,592,618]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" value="2008-04-02">2 Apr. 2008</date>
;
<specimenCount id="66B3FD3DFFB4775DFD65FDE4FCE8FDAB" box="[715,810,592,618]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
, NCHUZOOL 13533, Yeyou S. River (= R.), Lanyu, Taitung Co.,
<collectingCountry id="08A27624FFB4775DFE9CFDC1FE49FD4E" box="[306,395,629,655]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, Y.-H. Wang,
<date id="040B1074FFB4775DFD9DFDC1FD7DFD4E" box="[563,703,629,655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" value="2008-01-08">
8
<bibRefCitation id="14244B45FFB4775DFDE7FDC1FD7DFD4E" author="Jan" box="[585,703,629,655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" refString="Jang-Liaw, N. - H., Lee, T. - H. &amp; Chou, W. - H. (2008) Phylogeography of Sylvirana latouchii (Anura, Ranidae) in Taiwan. Zoological Science, 25, 68 - 79." type="journal article" year="2008">Jan. 2008</bibRefCitation>
</date>
;
<specimenCount id="66B3FD3DFFB4775DFD65FDC1FCE9FD4E" box="[715,811,629,655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" type="adult">5 adults</specimenCount>
, NCHUZOOL 13534,
<geoCoordinate id="15815073FFB4775DFB95FDC1FB27FD4E" box="[1083,1253,629,655]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" precision="1" value="22.05625">22°0322.5”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="15815073FFB4775DFB5FFDC1FA54FD4E" box="[1265,1430,629,655]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" precision="1" value="121.50089">121°303.2”E</geoCoordinate>
, Kaiyuan Harbor Lighthouse, Lanyu, Taitung Co.,
<collectingCountry id="08A27624FFB4775DFD4EFD2EFCFBFD75" box="[736,825,666,692]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, Y.-H. Wang,
<date id="040B1074FFB4775DFC73FD2EFBA5FD75" box="[989,1127,666,692]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" value="2008-01-06">
6
<bibRefCitation id="14244B45FFB4775DFC5DFD2EFBA5FD75" author="Jan" box="[1011,1127,666,692]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" refString="Jang-Liaw, N. - H., Lee, T. - H. &amp; Chou, W. - H. (2008) Phylogeography of Sylvirana latouchii (Anura, Ranidae) in Taiwan. Zoological Science, 25, 68 - 79." type="journal article" year="2008">Jan. 2008</bibRefCitation>
</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38AF653FFFB4775DFF69FD0BFB66FCAE" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="700A36B4FFB4775DFF69FD0BFB66FCAE" blockId="12.[151,1437,479,1028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="42C1EAA6FFB4775DFF69FD0BFE8CFD18" bold="true" box="[199,334,703,729]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Dimensions
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, 2.0
<quantity id="B74D9B51FFB4775DFD6FFD74FCDCFD1B" box="[705,798,704,730]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
in x,
<quantity id="B74D9B51FFB4775DFCC6FD74FC3CFD1B" box="[872,1022,704,730]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.9">1.92.5 mm</quantity>
in xxx,
<quantity id="B74D9B51FFB4775DFBC9FD74FB3EFD1B" box="[1127,1276,704,730]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.1">2.12.9 mm</quantity>
in clitellum. Segments 8193. Prostomium, epilobic; first dorsal pore at 12/13. Clitellum annular, xivxvi 1/2. Spermathecal pores at 4/58/9; male pores on xviii, genital markings on xixxx; female pores, paired on xiv; 813 setae between male pores, setae in clitellum in xiv and xv.
<collectingCountry id="08A27624FFB4775DFC21FC84FC11FC8B" box="[911,979,816,842]" name="Spain" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">Septa</collectingCountry>
, 8/9 absent;
<date id="040B1074FFB4775DFBC6FC84FB2CFC8B" box="[1128,1262,816,842]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" value="1913-10-09" valueMax="1913-12-09" valueMin="1913-10-09">9/1012/13</date>
thick. Gizzard in ix; intestinal origin from xiv; intestinal caeca very small and short, originating in xxii.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38AF653FFFB4775DFF69FCCEFE0CFBC5" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="700A36B4FFB4775DFF69FCCEFE0CFBC5" blockId="12.[151,1437,479,1028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="42C1EAA6FFB4775DFF69FCCEFE82FC55" bold="true" box="[199,320,890,916]" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">Remarks.</emphasis>
The numbers of spermathecal pores, clitellum segments, and male pores with genital markings agree with the description of
<taxonomicName id="B7B54D37FFB4775DFE5BFC14FCB8FC7B" authority="Shen &amp; Tsai, 2002" authorityName="Shen &amp; Tsai" authorityYear="2002" box="[501,890,928,954]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pithemera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="12" pageNumber="64" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lanyuensis">
<emphasis id="42C1EAA6FFB4775DFE5BFC14FDC6FC78" box="[501,516,928,953]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="42C1EAA6FFB4775DFDBDFC14FD52FC78" box="[531,656,928,953]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">lanyuensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="14244B45FFB4775DFD36FC14FCB8FC7B" author="Shen" box="[664,890,928,954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" refString="Shen, H. - P., Tsai, C. - F. &amp; Tsai, S. - C. (2002) Description of a new earthworm belonging to the genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Taiwan and its infraspecific variation relation to elevation. The Raffles Bulletin Zoology 250, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2002">Shen &amp; Tsai, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. This species was first described as new from Lanyu, Taitung Co.,
<collectingCountry id="08A27624FFB4775DFE27FC71FE21FC1E" box="[393,483,965,991]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. Our collection from Basiandong, Taitung Co., extends the species distribution to the main island of
<collectingCountry id="08A27624FFB4775DFEDFFC5EFE08FBC5" box="[369,458,1002,1028]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="64">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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