treatments-xml/data/78/C0/02/78C00204201A547B84BDA59E80043721.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.98873" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-113" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5A06769429B25374A83F6CAF37C454B1" ID-ZooBank="420300CAA42A45D19F572F8017534959" ModsDocID="1860-1324-70-1-113" checkinTime="1679031782851" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shuhei, Takahashi, Yui &amp; Liu, Xingyue" docDate="2023" docId="78C00204201A547B84BDA59E80043721" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 70(1): 113-120" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 70 (1)" docPubDate="2023-03-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.98873" docTitle="Sisyroneurorthus Nakamine &amp; Yamamoto &amp; Takahashi &amp; Liu 2023, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="AA446547-70EC-4549-A734-76E156C4445B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="5A06769429B25374A83F6CAF37C454B1" lastPageNumber="113" masterDocId="5A06769429B25374A83F6CAF37C454B1" masterDocTitle="A remarkable new genus of Nevrorthidae (Neuroptera, Osmyloidea) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="120" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="113" updateTime="1679031782851" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>A remarkable new genus of Nevrorthidae (Neuroptera, Osmyloidea) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nakamine, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4640-2203</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Minoh Park Insect Museum, Minoh Park 1 - 18, Minoh City, Osaka 562 - 0002, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Yamamoto, Shuhei</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4162-8457</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 - jo, Nishi 8 - chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Takahashi, Yui</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2861-9940</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Keio Yochisha Elementary School, Ebisu 2 - 35 - 1, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150 - 0013, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Xingyue</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9168-0659</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">xingyue_liu@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-03-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number>70</mods:number>
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<mods:start>113</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.98873</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.98873</mods:identifier>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
Genus 
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/AA446547-70EC-4549-A734-76E156C4445B" authority="Nakamine &amp; Yamamoto &amp; Takahashi &amp; Liu, 2023" authorityName="Nakamine &amp; Yamamoto &amp; Takahashi &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2023" family="Nevrorthidae" genus="Sisyroneurorthus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sisyroneurorthus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Sisyroneurorthus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="113">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of Sisyroneurorthus aspoeckorum gen. et sp. nov., holotype female (CAU-BA-NH- 22001) in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. A. Dorsal view; B. Left lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.98873.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/826132" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Wing venation of Sisyroneurorthus aspoeckorum gen. et sp. nov., holotype female (CAU-BA-NH- 22001) in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. A. Right forewing; B. Right hind-wing. Abbreviations. A (a) - anal vein; A 1 - A 3 - first to third anal vein; Cu (cu) - cubitus; CuA - cubitus anterior; CuP - cubitus posterior; M (m) - media: MA - media anterior; MP - media posterior; R (r) - radius; RA - radius anterior; RP - radius posterior; Sc (sc) - subcosta; ScP - subcosta posterior. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.98873.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/826133" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Details of Sisyroneurorthus aspoeckorum gen. et sp. nov., holotype female (CAU-BA-NH- 22001) in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. A. Left anterolateral view of head and antenna; B. Left anterolateral view of mouthparts; C. Right anterolateral view of mouthparts; D. Distinct trichosors present on apical wing margin in right forewing; E. Obscured trichoshors on posterior margin in right forewing. Abbreviations. lp - labial palpus; mp - maxillary palpus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-C); 0.1 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.98873.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/826134" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Terminalia of Sisyroneurorthus aspoeckorum gen. et sp. nov., holotype female (CAU-BA-NH- 22001) in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. A. Left lateral view of terminalia; B. Left lateral view of terminalia with white line indicating each segment, gonapophyses and gonocoxite; C. Right ventrolateral view of terminalia; D. Right ventrolateral view of terminalia with white line indicating each segment and gonapophyses. Abbreviations. e - ectoproct; gp - gonapophyses; gx - gonocoxite; S - sternum; T - tergum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.98873.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/826135" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">, 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nakamine &amp; Yamamoto &amp; Takahashi &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2023" family="Nevrorthidae" genus="Sisyroneurorthus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sisyroneurorthus aspoeckorum" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="aspoeckorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Sisyroneurorthus aspoeckorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., here designated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nakamine &amp; Yamamoto &amp; Takahashi &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2023" family="Nevrorthidae" genus="Sisyroneurorthus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sisyroneurorthus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Sisyroneurorthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. can be distinguished from the other nevrorthid genera by the combination of the following characters. Forewing: costal crossveins simple; ScP fused with RA at distal fourth; CuA and CuP diverging well distad 1m-cu; cua-cup crossvein absent; a long oblique crossvein present between CuP and A1. Hind-wing: CuA with pectinate branching on distal half, all branches simple.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="species included">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Species included.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nakamine &amp; Yamamoto &amp; Takahashi &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2023" family="Nevrorthidae" genus="Sisyroneurorthus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sisyroneurorthus aspoeckorum" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" rank="species" species="aspoeckorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Sisyroneurorthus aspoeckorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
The new generic name is a combination of &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Sisyridae" genus="Sisyra" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sisyra" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Sisyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; (Greek, the name of the type genus of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sisyridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sisyridae</taxonomicName>
) and &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Neurorthidae" genus="Neurorthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neurorthus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Neurorthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; (Greek, the common suffix of the generic name of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nevrorthidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nevrorthidae</taxonomicName>
) with reference to the mosaic characters with 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sisyridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sisyridae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nevrorthidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nevrorthidae</taxonomicName>
in the new genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
This new genus is placed in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nevrorthidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nevrorthidae</taxonomicName>
by the presence of three radial crossveins and the long distal half of CuA with 10 branches and nearly parallel with the posterior wing margin in the hind-wing. Interestingly, the new genus shares the distal fusion of the forewing ScP and RA due to the terminal curve of ScP with many species of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sisyridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sisyridae</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Wichard, W" journalOrPublisher="Kessel, Remagen" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" refId="B20" refString="Wichard, W, Groehn, C, Seredszus, F, 2009. Aquatic Insects in Baltic Amber. Kessel, Remagen" title="Aquatic Insects in Baltic Amber." year="2009">Wichard et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
use the fusion/separation of ScP and RA to distinguish 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sisyridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sisyridae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nevrorthidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nevrorthidae</taxonomicName>
in their key to the aquatic 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
in the Eocene Baltic amber. However, the fusion of ScP and RA in some sisyrids, such as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Sisyridae" genus="Sisyrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sisyrina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Sisyrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Banks, 1939, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Perkovsky &amp; Makarkin" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Sisyridae" genus="Prosisyrina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosisyrina" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Prosisyrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Perkovsky &amp; Makarkin, 2015 and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sisyridae" genus="Paleosisyra" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paleosisyra electrobaltica" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="electrobaltica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Paleosisyra electrobaltica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wichard, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gröhn">Groehn</normalizedToken>
&amp; Seredszus, 2009 is atypical because the apical part of ScP is abruptly curved towards RA and the short terminal section connecting to RA can be also interpreted as a crossvein (e.g. 2scp-r in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2016.03.010" author="Makarkin, VN" journalOrPublisher="Cretaceous Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" pagination="170 - 176" refId="B14" refString="Makarkin, VN, Perkovsky, EE, 2016. An interesting new species of Sisyridae (Neuroptera) from the Upper Cretaceous Taimyr amber. Cretaceous Research 63: 170 - 176, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2016.03.010" title="An interesting new species of Sisyridae (Neuroptera) from the Upper Cretaceous Taimyr amber." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2016.03.010" volume="63" year="2016">Makarkin and Perkovsky (2016)</bibRefCitation>
or 2scp-ra in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.4.5" author="Yang, Y" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" pagination="552 - 566" refId="B23" refString="Yang, Y, Liu, X, 2021. New spongillaflies of the genus Sisyrina Banks, 1939 (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) from the Oriental faunal region. Zootaxa 5052 (4): 552 - 566, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.4.5" title="New spongillaflies of the genus Sisyrina Banks, 1939 (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) from the Oriental faunal region." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.4.5" volume="5052" year="2021">Yang and Liu (2021)</bibRefCitation>
). This feature is just the state present in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nakamine &amp; Yamamoto &amp; Takahashi &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2023" family="Nevrorthidae" genus="Sisyroneurorthus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sisyroneurorthus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Sisyroneurorthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. and should not be used to place the new genus in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sisyridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sisyridae</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, all known sisyrids have only two radial crossveins, but lack 1ra-rp in the hind-wing. They also have fewer (usually five or six) branches of hind-wing CuA.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
The new genus is most similar to the contemporary genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wichard" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Nevrorthidae" genus="Cretarophalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretarophalis" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Cretarophalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wichard, 2017 by having simple forewing costal crossveins and simple hind-wing CuA branches. However, it differs from the latter genus by the configuration of ScP, which is terminally curved towards RA (in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wichard" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Nevrorthidae" genus="Cretarophalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretarophalis" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Cretarophalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ScP runs straight terminally), the position of the crossvein between Cu and A1 (2cu-a1), which is distad separation of CuA and CuP (in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wichard" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Nevrorthidae" genus="Cretarophalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretarophalis" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Cretarophalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
2cu-a1 proximad separation of CuA and CuP).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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