232 lines
26 KiB
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232 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1378" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7fb80db8-f0e6-4588-bae3-a23fa667d9bf" ID-PMC="PMC3260763" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-130-239" ID-PubMed="22259280" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-130-239" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 130" ModsDocTitle="A long-living species of the hydrophiloid beetles: Helophorus sibiricus from the early Miocene deposits of Kartashevo (Siberia, Russia)" checkinTime="1451249871475" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fikacek, Martin, Prokin, Alexander & Angus, Robert B." docDate="2011" docId="4E1A390A8D3E905E2A3B8E920F3375C8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 130: 239-254" docOrigin="ZooKeys 130" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1378" docTitle="Helophorus ((Gephelophorus)) sibiricus Motschulsky 1860" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="244" masterDocId="FFBAFFC8FFB1FFA5FF8FE907FFE74420" masterDocTitle="A long-living species of the hydrophiloid beetles: Helophorus sibiricus from the early Miocene deposits of Kartashevo (Siberia, Russia)" masterLastPageNumber="254" masterPageNumber="239" pageNumber="242" updateTime="1668152261309" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A long-living species of the hydrophiloid beetles: Helophorus sibiricus from the early Miocene deposits of Kartashevo (Siberia, Russia)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Fikacek, Martin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prokin, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Angus, Robert B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>130</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>239</mods:start>
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<mods:end>254</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1378</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1378</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-130-239</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152030880" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4E1A390A8D3E905E2A3B8E920F3375C8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4E1A390A8D3E905E2A3B8E920F3375C8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="242" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Helophorus_(Gephelophorus)_sibiricus" authority="Motschulsky, 1860" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus ((Gephelophorus)) sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus" subGenus="(Gephelophorus)">Helophorus (Gephelophorus) sibiricus (Motschulsky, 1860)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="242" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Empleurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empleurus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Empleurus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
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Motschulsky, 1860: 104 - Type locality: recent: Russia, East Siberia,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Tourkinsk”">"Tourkinsk"</normalizedToken>
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[=Turka] at Lake Baikal.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Helophorus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
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(Motschulsky): transferred to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Helophorus</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="242">Gemminger and Harold (1868)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
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For complete synonymy see
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<bibRefCitation author="Hansen, M" journalOrPublisher="World Catalogue of Insects" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 416" title="Hydrophiloidea (s. str.) (Coleoptera)." volume="2" year="1999">Hansen (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="242" type="nomenclature citation">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="242">Nomenclature citation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
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For complete synonymy see
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<bibRefCitation author="Hansen, M" journalOrPublisher="World Catalogue of Insects" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 416" title="Hydrophiloidea (s. str.) (Coleoptera)." volume="2" year="1999">Hansen (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="242" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="242">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
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PIN 3285/5 (piece and counterpiece): Russia, Omsk region, Western Siberia, right bank of Irtysh river at Kartashevo village [
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="56.11503">56°6'54.11"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="74.69089">74°41'27.20"E</geoCoordinate>
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], leg. E. K. Sychevskaya 1966. Ombinsk Formation, early Miocene, ca. 23-16 million years ago. Deposited in the collection of the A.A. Borissiak Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="242" type="description of the fossil">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="242">Description of the fossil</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
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(Figs 1-4, 6, 9). Body length 5.76 mm. Head black, with a deeply impressed Y-shaped frontoclypeal suture, basal portion of the groove wide, slightly widened anteriorly. Clypeus with weak remnants of granules only, frons bearing very distinct large setiferous granules isolated by ca. a half of their diameters. Gula strongly constricted behing tentorial pits, gular sutures meeting at one point. Mentum 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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wider than long, bearing a deep median emargination on anterior margin (Fig. 6, see the arrow). Apical segment of maxillary palpi asymmetrical. Pronotum1.85
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as wide as long, widest at anterior third bearing five wide longitudinal furrows. Bottom of the grooves without granulation. All intervals bearing a uniform, rather dense granulation, granules rather weakly delimited, nearly contacting each other; granulation becoming sparser sublaterally, consisting of several isolated granules along pronotal margins (Fig. 9). Lateral margin regularly convex, not excised subbasally, lacking any apparent tooth-like projections. Pronotal flanks moderately wide anteriorly, slightly narrowing posteriad. Elytrawith 8 preserved series of large rounded to subquadratic punctures (lateral series not preserved due to deformation of elytra during fossilization). Intervals bearing fine and small irregular series of punctures. Scutellar stria present, very long, consisting of 9 punctures on both elytra. Alternate elytral intervals elevate into low ridges (preserved as elongate ridges and furrows on the ventral imprint of the counter-piece). Epipleuron with rather narrow inner pubescent portion, ca. as wide or slightly narrower than elytral flanks. Mesoventritesubtriangular, anapleural sutures nearly straight. Metaventritewider than long, metanepisternum ca. 5.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, with a transverse ridge anteriorly. Abdomenwith five ventrites, ventrite 5 without median emargination, finelly denticulate on whole posterior margin. Legs rather long and slender, protarsi with five tarsomeres.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
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Figures 1-2.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Helophorus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
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(Motschulsky, 1860), photo of the early Miocene fossil No. PIN 3285/5 from Kartashevo 1 piece 2 counterpiece.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
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Figures 3-4.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Helophorus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
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(Motschulsky, 1860), drawings of the early Miocene fossil No. PIN 3285/5 from Kartashevo 3 piece 4 counterpiece. Abbreviations: mp4 maxillary palpomere 4, clyp clypeus, fr frons, ics intercalary stria, mt mentum, scut mesoscutellum, aps anapleural sutures of mesothorax, mtv metaventrite, av1 abdominal ventrite 1.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
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Figures 5-9.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Helophorus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
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(Motschulsky, 1860) 5 habitus of a recent specimen (Mongolia, Baga-Tenger, coll. National Museum, Prague) 6-7 detail of mentum, the arrow indicates a characteristic emargination on the anterior margin of mentum (6 fossil specimen, SEM micrograph 7 recent specimen, view from inside) 8-9 detailgranulation of head and pronotum, SEM micrographs (8 recent specimen 9 fossil specimen).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="242" type="species attribution">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="242">Species attribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
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The subgenus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Gephelophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephelophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gephelophorus</taxonomicName>
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Sharp, 1915 to which we assign the fossil is easily recognizable from other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Helophorus</taxonomicName>
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subgenera by the combination of large body size (4.6-7.0 mm), asymmetrical apical segment of maxillary palpi, elevated alternate elytral intervals, pronotal flanks moderately wide anteriorly and narrowing posteriorly, elytral flanks slightly wider than epipleura.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Helophorus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
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to which we assign the fossil may be recognized from the only other species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Gephelophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephelophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gephelophorus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus (Gephelophorus) auriculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auriculatus" subGenus="Gephelophorus">Helophorus (Gephelophorus) auriculatus</taxonomicName>
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Sharp, 1884, by the continuously curved sides of pronotum not excised behind the anterolateral corners (deeply excised anteriorly and projecting into lateral lobes in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus auriculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auriculatus">Helophorus auriculatus</taxonomicName>
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), alternate elytral intervals evenly elevated throughout (bearing only isolated elevate tubercles in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus auriculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auriculatus">Helophorus auriculatus</taxonomicName>
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), and completely and densely granulate pronotal intervals (internal and median interval nearly lacking granules in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus auriculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auriculatus">Helophorus auriculatus</taxonomicName>
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). Besides, the fossil corresponds with the recent
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Helophorus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
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also in other preserved characters: (1) scutellar stria present and very long [absent in several subgenera, extremelly long especially in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Helophorus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
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]; (2) mentum 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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wider than long [more than 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as wide as long in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Rhopalohelophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhopalohelophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhopalohelophorus</taxonomicName>
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Kuwert, 1886,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Helophorus</taxonomicName>
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s.str., and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Lihelophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lihelophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lihelophorus</taxonomicName>
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Zaitzev, 1908]. The shape of gular sutures is sexually dimorphic in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Helophorus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
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: the gular sutures are separated throughout in males but meeting in one point in females. Based on this character, we can conclude that the fossil specimen is a female.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="4" pageNumber="243" type="recent and fossil distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="243">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="243" start="start">Recent</pageBreakToken>
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and fossil distribution
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="4" pageNumber="243">
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(Fig. 10).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Helophorus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
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is at present widely distributed throughout the Holarctic region, from the northern parts of Scandinavia and European Russia through the whole of Siberia and the Russian Far East to Alaska (
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<bibRefCitation author="Angus, RB" journalOrPublisher="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B" pageId="7" pageNumber="246" pagination="299 - 326" title="Pleistocene Helophorus (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from Borislav and Starunia in the western Ukraine, with a reinterpretation of M. Lomnicki's species, description of a new Siberian species, and comparison with British Weichselian faunas." volume="265" year="1973">Angus 1973</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Angus, RB" journalOrPublisher="Insecta: Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Helophorinae. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart-Jena-New York" pageId="7" pageNumber="246" title="Suesswasserfauna von Mitteleuropea, volume 20 / 10 - 2." year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="243">Hansen 2004</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Smetana, A" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 154" title="Revision of the subfamily Helophorinae of the Nearctic region (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="131" year="1985">Smetana 1985</bibRefCitation>
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). Its distribution generally corresponds with the range of taiga biome in Eurasia, but slightly exceeds to the temperate and montane forests and grasslands in northern China, Mongolia and Honshu Island, and to the tundra on the north. The species is also reported from Chinese province of Yunnan on the basis of a single historical specimen without precise locality (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="243">Angus 1995</bibRefCitation>
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) - this record may represent a relict mountain population or could be based on mislabeled specimen, and needs to be confirmed by additional material. The northern limit of the distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Helophorus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
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on the Taymyr peninsula is unknown, the northernmost record known to us comes from the environs of Norilsk (S. K. Ryndevich, pers. comm. 2011). In North America,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Helophorus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
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only occurs west of the delta of Mackenzie river and does not reach further east even though both taiga and tundra biomes
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="244" start="start">are</pageBreakToken>
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present throughout the higher latitudes in Canada. In fossil record,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Helophorus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
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is frequently found in the glacial deposits dated back to late (Devensian/Weichselian) or middle Pleistocene (Saalian) in northern and central Europe (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="244">Buckland and Buckland 2006</bibRefCitation>
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). In North America two known fossil records comes from the late Pleistocene glacial (Wisconsinian) deposits in the Great Lakes area (
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<bibRefCitation author="Morgan, AV" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" pagination="1105 - 1128" title="Faunal assemblages and distributional shifts of Coleoptera during the late Pleistocene in Canada and the northern United States." volume="112" year="1980">Morgan and Morgan 1980</bibRefCitation>
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: Canada, Scarborough;
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<bibRefCitation author="Garry, CE" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary Research" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" pagination="387 - 399" title="Plant and insect remains from the Wisconsinan interstadial / stadial transition at Wedron, north-central Illinois." volume="33" year="1990">Garry et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: USA, Illinois). Four records are known from northern Siberian deposits dated back to last glacial (Weichselian; Mamntovy Khayata,
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<bibRefCitation author="Sher, AV" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary Science Reviews" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" pagination="533 - 569" title="New insights into the Weichselian environment and climate of the East Siberian Arctic, derived from fossil insects, plants, and mammals." volume="24" year="2005">Sher et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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), Eemian interglacial (an island in Laptev Sea,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Andreev, AA" journalOrPublisher="Boreas" pageId="7" pageNumber="246" pagination="319 - 348" title="Late Saalian and Eemian palaeoenvironmental history of the Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (Laptev Sea region, Arctic Siberia)." volume="33" year="2004">Andreev et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and late Pliocene to early Pleistocene (Olyorian suite of Krestovka and Chukochya river,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Elias, SA" journalOrPublisher="Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" pagination="373 - 392" title="Late Tertiary origins of the Arctic beetle fauna." volume="241" year="2006">Elias et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The lower two findings were the oldest records of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Helophorus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
|
||
known so far. The lower Miocene record presented in this paper is situated slightly south of the recent limit of the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Helophorus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Figure 10. Fossil and recent distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Helophorus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Motschulsky, 1860). Subfossil Holocene records omitted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="244" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="244">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Aquatic species; it is recorded from various kinds of water bodies predominantly with sandy bottom in southern Yamal Penninsula (northeastern Siberia) (Prokin et al. 2008);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Angus, RB" journalOrPublisher="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B" pageId="7" pageNumber="246" pagination="299 - 326" title="Pleistocene Helophorus (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from Borislav and Starunia in the western Ukraine, with a reinterpretation of M. Lomnicki's species, description of a new Siberian species, and comparison with British Weichselian faunas." volume="265" year="1973">Angus (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considers it as characteristic for river edges in Scandinavia and mentions that it is frequently found in grassy temporary pools particularly those resulting from melting snow in Siberia. Adults of all
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Helophorus</taxonomicName>
|
||
speciesare detritivorous. Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus sibiricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Helophorus sibiricus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unknown but they may be expected to be terrestrial and predaceous as in most other species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Helophoridae" genus="Helophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Helophorus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Angus, RB" journalOrPublisher="Quarternary Proceedings" pageId="7" pageNumber="246" pagination="5 - 14" title="Challenges and rewards in the identification of Pleistocene fossil beetles, with the description of a new species of Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) from the Hoxnian interglacial." volume="5" year="1997">Angus 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |