224 lines
40 KiB
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224 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="5755548DC2D4C60DF25E00A6BDC477E9" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5521.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13917929" ID-ZooBank="950D9CB7-F9A2-4736-B581-FC0522F039CC" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1728629929788" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Burian, Steven K." docDate="2024" docId="4C79CD1F515C4804FF6F657E0B12A8E3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5221.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5521 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5521.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Paraleptophlebia volitans ME ME ME ME" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="B040B567517D4820FFF8632B0A0DAF76" masterDocTitle="Nymphs of the Northeastern Nearctic Species of Neoleptophlebia Kluge, 1997 and Paraleptophlebia Lestage, 1917 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1728630426717" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4DED6ABA091A4F8FCC09281DA910E184">Nymphs of the Northeastern Nearctic Species of Neoleptophlebia Kluge, 1997 and Paraleptophlebia Lestage, 1917 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2E03A5255EB3C968D66488C07E12C09E">Burian, Steven K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3B2DB5BBF39A3FABD255BEF3A28FC16D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4C87681EA6378F12A1FC20A97D66EF8E">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4BE0AD0300CCD8C75312B942E6D347BB">5521</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="C46F7C09515C4801FF6F657E0906A919" blockId="33.[151,919,1621,1684]" box="[151,779,1621,1648]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="9F27CB65515C4801FF6F657E0906A919" bold="true" box="[151,779,1621,1648]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="4">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E4C05B27515C4801FF6F657E0906A919" box="[151,779,1621,1648]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<treatmentCitation id="45715A18515C4801FF6F657E0906A919" author="McDunnough, J." box="[151,779,1621,1648]" page="95" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1924">
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<taxonomicName id="03D0078A515C4801FF6F657E0906A919" ID-CoL="4CYP2" authority="(McDunnough, 1924: 95)" authorityName="ME ME ME ME" baseAuthorityName="McDunnough" baseAuthorityPageNumber="95" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[151,779,1621,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Paraleptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volitans">
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<emphasis id="F6A4A01B515C4801FF6F657E0906A919" bold="true" box="[151,779,1621,1648]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="F6A4A01B515C4801FF6F657E0BC1A906" bold="true" box="[151,460,1621,1648]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Paraleptophlebia volitans</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="A04101F8515C4801FE23657E090EA919" author="McDunnough, J." box="[475,771,1621,1647]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="90 - 98" refId="ref23471" refString="McDunnough, J. (1924) New Canadian Ephemeridae with notes, II. The Canadian Entomologist, 56, 90 - 98 + 113 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 56113 - 5" type="journal article" year="1924">McDunnough, 1924: 95</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8CCA2F82515C4801FF3F6551099AA9E2" box="[199,919,1658,1684]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C46F7C09515C4801FF3F6551099AA9E2" blockId="33.[151,919,1621,1684]" box="[199,919,1658,1684]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="03D0078A515C4801FF3F655108AEA9E2" authority="McDunnough, 1924" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1924" box="[199,675,1658,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Leptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volitans">
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<emphasis id="F6A4A01B515C4801FF3F65510BB6A9E2" box="[199,443,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Leptophlebia volitans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A04101F8515C4801FE3A655108AEA9E2" author="McDunnough, J." box="[450,675,1658,1684]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="90 - 98" refId="ref23471" refString="McDunnough, J. (1924) New Canadian Ephemeridae with notes, II. The Canadian Entomologist, 56, 90 - 98 + 113 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 56113 - 5" type="journal article" year="1924">McDunnough, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(original description)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8CCA2F82515C4804FF6F65950B12A8E3" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C46F7C09515C4801FF6F659508D1A9A0" blockId="33.[151,732,1726,1750]" box="[151,732,1726,1750]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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Description of Nymph:
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<bibRefCitation id="A04101F8515C4801FE7165950815A9A0" author="Ide, F. P." box="[393,536,1726,1750]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="204 - 213" refId="ref22769" refString="Ide, F. P. (1930) Contribution to the biology of Ontario mayflies with descriptions of new species. The Canadian Entomologist, 62, 204 - 213 + 218 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 62218 - 10" type="journal article" year="1930">Ide 1930: 204</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A04101F8515C4801FDDB659508D1A9A0" author="Gordon, E. L." box="[547,732,1726,1750]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="116 - 134" refId="ref22169" refString="Gordon, E. L. (1933) Notes on the ephemerid genus Leptophlebia. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 28 (3), 116 - 134." type="journal article" year="1933">Gordon 1933: 123</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C46F7C09515C4804FF6F642F099FAA47" blockId="33.[151,1437,1796,2039]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1437,151,1941]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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Nymphs of
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<taxonomicName id="03D0078A515C4801FED1642E0BA9A868" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1924" box="[297,420,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Leptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volitans">
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<emphasis id="F6A4A01B515C4801FED1642E0BA9A868" box="[297,420,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">P. volitans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be recognized from other members of the northeast
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<taxonomicName id="03D0078A515C4801FBA6642F0F2FA868" authorityName="Lestage" authorityYear="1917" box="[1118,1314,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Paraleptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F6A4A01B515C4801FBA6642F0F2FA868" box="[1118,1314,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Paraleptophlebia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that have posterolateral projections of abdominal segments VIII and IX (as in
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<figureCitation id="5CEB608C515C4801FC5E64030E2DA834" box="[934,1056,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="5.[151,212,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,179,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[203,1385,179,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGS. 1–4: gills and abdominal tergites VIII–X of Neoleptophlebia and Paraleptophlebia nymphs. 1. N. adoptiva gill 4, 2. P. praepedita gill 4, 3a. N. assimilis tergites VIII–X, 3b P. praepedita tergites VIII–X, 3c. P. volitans tergites VIII–X, 3d. P. moerens tergites VIII–X, 4a. N. adoptiva tergites VIII–X, 4b. P. guttata tergites VIII–X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917931/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs. 3b–d</figureCitation>
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) by the deeply forked abdominal gills with long, hair-like marginal setae (
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<figureCitation id="5CEB608C515C4801FD95646708CCA810" box="[621,705,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="18.[151,212,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[166,1397,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-29@18.[166,1422,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGS. 17–18: legs, and gills of Paraleptophlebia volitans. 17. dorsal view of abdominal gills with arrow indicating long, hairlike setae along edges of gill filaments, 18a. view of all legs showing presence of distinct bands, 18b close-up of foreleg (dorsal view) showing bands on each leg segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917939/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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), legs uniform light brown with brown bands (
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<figureCitation id="5CEB608C515C4801FB1964670F6EA810" box="[1249,1379,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="18.[151,212,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[166,1397,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-29@18.[166,1422,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGS. 17–18: legs, and gills of Paraleptophlebia volitans. 17. dorsal view of abdominal gills with arrow indicating long, hairlike setae along edges of gill filaments, 18a. view of all legs showing presence of distinct bands, 18b close-up of foreleg (dorsal view) showing bands on each leg segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917939/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs. 18a,b</figureCitation>
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), the ventral edge of femora with many long, hair-like setae (Figs. 19a,b), the first segment of maxillary palp short, with apex not reaching beyond outer corner of galea-lacinia and with patch of 10–13 sharp setae on the ventral surface (Figs. 21a,b), the posterolateral projections on segment IX distinctly larger than those on tergite VIII (
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<figureCitation id="5CEB608C515C4801FAF564930F53A8A4" box="[1293,1374,1976,2002]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="5.[151,212,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,179,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[203,1385,179,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGS. 1–4: gills and abdominal tergites VIII–X of Neoleptophlebia and Paraleptophlebia nymphs. 1. N. adoptiva gill 4, 2. P. praepedita gill 4, 3a. N. assimilis tergites VIII–X, 3b P. praepedita tergites VIII–X, 3c. P. volitans tergites VIII–X, 3d. P. moerens tergites VIII–X, 4a. N. adoptiva tergites VIII–X, 4b. P. guttata tergites VIII–X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917931/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
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), and the color pattern of abdominal tergites as in
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<figureCitation id="5CEB608C515C4801FD7B64F708DFA880" box="[643,722,2012,2038]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="18.[151,212,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[166,1397,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-29@18.[166,1422,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGS. 17–18: legs, and gills of Paraleptophlebia volitans. 17. dorsal view of abdominal gills with arrow indicating long, hairlike setae along edges of gill filaments, 18a. view of all legs showing presence of distinct bands, 18b close-up of foreleg (dorsal view) showing bands on each leg segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917939/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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with paired pale submedian spots and a single pale median spot with variable dark brown marks on tergites I–IX. The largest areas of dark brown are on tergites I, II, V, and VIII (
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<figureCitation id="5CEB608C515E4803FF6764000AF9A833" box="[159,244,1835,1861]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="18.[151,212,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[166,1397,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-29@18.[166,1422,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGS. 17–18: legs, and gills of Paraleptophlebia volitans. 17. dorsal view of abdominal gills with arrow indicating long, hairlike setae along edges of gill filaments, 18a. view of all legs showing presence of distinct bands, 18b close-up of foreleg (dorsal view) showing bands on each leg segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917939/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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), and abdominal gills have the membranous portion of gill filaments either clear or stained brown (
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<figureCitation id="5CEB608C515E4803FA9764000ABBA81F" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="18.[151,212,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[166,1397,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-29@18.[166,1422,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGS. 17–18: legs, and gills of Paraleptophlebia volitans. 17. dorsal view of abdominal gills with arrow indicating long, hairlike setae along edges of gill filaments, 18a. view of all legs showing presence of distinct bands, 18b close-up of foreleg (dorsal view) showing bands on each leg segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917939/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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). Most characters seem consistent on nymphs from mid-development to the final instar. The long marginal setae along the edges of the abdominal gills (
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<figureCitation id="5CEB608C515E4803FDB364580891A8FB" box="[587,668,1907,1933]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="18.[151,212,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[166,1397,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-29@18.[166,1422,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGS. 17–18: legs, and gills of Paraleptophlebia volitans. 17. dorsal view of abdominal gills with arrow indicating long, hairlike setae along edges of gill filaments, 18a. view of all legs showing presence of distinct bands, 18b close-up of foreleg (dorsal view) showing bands on each leg segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917939/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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) are widely spaced and usually clearly visible, but occasionally setae may be pressed against the surface of the gill filaments, making them difficult to observe (low-angle illumination is useful in viewing these setae). Legs are uniform light brown or yellow brown with darker brown bands (
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<figureCitation id="5CEB608C515E4803FA9C64900AD5A88F" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="18.[151,212,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[166,1397,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-29@18.[166,1422,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGS. 17–18: legs, and gills of Paraleptophlebia volitans. 17. dorsal view of abdominal gills with arrow indicating long, hairlike setae along edges of gill filaments, 18a. view of all legs showing presence of distinct bands, 18b close-up of foreleg (dorsal view) showing bands on each leg segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917939/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs. 18a,b</figureCitation>
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); bands on femora occur near the apices of the segments, whereas, those of the tibiae and tarsi occur near the bases of the respective segments. A small pale area also occurs between the brown bands on the tibiae and tarsi and their respective joints, as well as on the apices the femora. On some individuals brown bands on the femora can be diffuse. The ventral edge of forefemora has many long, hair-like setae, especially near the base (Figs. 19a,b). Long setae parallel the row of stout, sharp setae along the ventral edge of femora and on most specimens stop at the end of this row of stout setae. The ventral edge of mid and hind femora usually have fewer long, hair-like setae compared to the forefemora. The tibiae and tarsi of all legs have outer edge fringes of many hair-like setae that are shorter than occur on the femora. Longer setae on the outer edges of tibiae and tarsi, combined with rows of thicker, spine-like setae on their inner edges contributes to generally “hairy” appearance of the legs (Fig. 19b). Tarsal claws have distinct denticles that increase in size from base to the midpoint of claws. In addition to the long hair-like setae on the legs, both right and left mandibles have long setae along their outer edges and on their ventral surface (Figs. 20a,b). Segment 1 of the maxillary palp is short with its apex just reaching the tip of the outer corner of the galea-lacinia (Fig. 21a) and its ventral surface with a distinct patch of 10–13 sharp setae (Fig. 21b). Although the length of segment 1 of the maxillary palp can be determined without removing the maxilla from a specimen, however, to view the patch of setae usually requires slide mounting the maxilla to view it at high magnification. The posterolateral projections on segment IX are distinctly larger than those on tergite VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5CEB608C51594804FC1B61A40E3EADDF" box="[995,1075,655,681]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="5.[151,212,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,179,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[203,1385,179,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGS. 1–4: gills and abdominal tergites VIII–X of Neoleptophlebia and Paraleptophlebia nymphs. 1. N. adoptiva gill 4, 2. P. praepedita gill 4, 3a. N. assimilis tergites VIII–X, 3b P. praepedita tergites VIII–X, 3c. P. volitans tergites VIII–X, 3d. P. moerens tergites VIII–X, 4a. N. adoptiva tergites VIII–X, 4b. P. guttata tergites VIII–X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917931/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
|
||
) and this character seems to be consistently expressed even on early instar nymphs. The color pattern of abdominal tergites usually is expressed as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="5CEB608C51594804FF2B61FC0B2EAD87" box="[211,291,727,753]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="18.[151,212,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[166,1397,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-29@18.[166,1422,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGS. 17–18: legs, and gills of Paraleptophlebia volitans. 17. dorsal view of abdominal gills with arrow indicating long, hairlike setae along edges of gill filaments, 18a. view of all legs showing presence of distinct bands, 18b close-up of foreleg (dorsal view) showing bands on each leg segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917939/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
with paired pale submedian spots on the anterior margins of tergites and a single pale median spot or median streak on the posterior margin of tergites and with variable amount of dark brown marks. The color pattern shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="5CEB608C51594804FEFB60340B5CAC4F" box="[259,337,799,825]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="18.[151,212,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[166,1397,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-29@18.[166,1422,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGS. 17–18: legs, and gills of Paraleptophlebia volitans. 17. dorsal view of abdominal gills with arrow indicating long, hairlike setae along edges of gill filaments, 18a. view of all legs showing presence of distinct bands, 18b close-up of foreleg (dorsal view) showing bands on each leg segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917939/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
represents the most ornate condition of dark and light spots on abdominal tergites observed among specimens studied. The least ornate condition is one where most dark brown marks are reduced or absent on tergites III, IV, VI, VII, and IX with some dark brown remaining on tergites I, II, V, and VIII. On some specimens reduced dark brown marks are only visible on tergites V, VI, and VIII. The amount of dark shading on tergites also seems to be more pronounced on female nymphs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5CEB608C51594804FD9D608408BBACBF" box="[613,694,943,969]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="18.[151,212,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[166,1397,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-29@18.[166,1422,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGS. 17–18: legs, and gills of Paraleptophlebia volitans. 17. dorsal view of abdominal gills with arrow indicating long, hairlike setae along edges of gill filaments, 18a. view of all legs showing presence of distinct bands, 18b close-up of foreleg (dorsal view) showing bands on each leg segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917939/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
is a female nymph) compared to male nymphs. On male nymphs, dark brown marks may be restricted to tergites VII and VIII, with tergites I–VI being mostly uniform brown except for dark shading along the posterior margins. Both male and female nymphs have small dark brown marks near the lateral margins of tergites anterior to gill insertions. Dark brown shading on abdominal tergites (in both sexes) is not retained on shed nymphal exuviae. Abdominal tergites of early instar nymphs may have a lighter yellow brown background color and dark brown shading medially and along the posterior margins of tergites I–VIII. The variability of dark shading on abdominal tergites seems quite high across the range of this species with specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0614B2EB51594804FF2F67800B25ABB3" box="[215,296,1195,1221]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
clearly within the range of pigmentation of specimens from ME. Abdominal gills also vary in the extent of pigmentation. Within a single population, gill membranes can range from clear without any dark shading to almost opaque brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5CEB608C51594804FE4B67D8080BAA7B" box="[435,518,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="18.[151,212,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[166,1397,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-29@18.[166,1422,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGS. 17–18: legs, and gills of Paraleptophlebia volitans. 17. dorsal view of abdominal gills with arrow indicating long, hairlike setae along edges of gill filaments, 18a. view of all legs showing presence of distinct bands, 18b close-up of foreleg (dorsal view) showing bands on each leg segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917939/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Membranes of abdominal gills also taper symmetrically from base to tip without any distinct change in width over the outer portion of each filament.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="90AF2C81515F4802FF6F646F0934A89A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917967" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13917967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917967/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[151,212,1860,1884]" targetBox="[322,1265,181,1837]" targetPageId="34" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="C46F7C09515F4802FF6F646F0934A89A" blockId="34.[151,1437,1860,2029]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B515F4802FF6F646F0B12A82B" bold="true" box="[151,287,1860,1885]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGS. 36a–d</emphasis>
|
||
: nymphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A515F4802FE63646E08B2A82B" baseAuthorityName="Eaton" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[411,703,1861,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Paraleptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praepedita">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B515F4802FE63646E08B2A82B" box="[411,703,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Paraleptophlebia praepedita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 36a. dorsal view of abdominal color pattern of male nymph with median pale spots extending from tergite I–X, 36b. dorsal view of abdominal color pattern of male nymph with median pale spots absent on tergites V–VI, but present on tergites I–IV and VII–X, 36c. dorsal view of abdominal color pattern of female nymph with median pale spots extending from tergite I–X, 36d. dorsal view of abdominal color pattern of female nymph with median pale spots much reduced on tergites I–III, but present on tergites VI–X.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="90AF2C81515E4803FF6F651A09E3A9C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917969" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13917969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917969/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[151,212,1585,1609]" targetBox="[219,1369,181,1561]" targetPageId="35" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="C46F7C09515E4803FF6F651A09E3A9C3" blockId="35.[151,1437,1585,1717]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B515E4803FF6F651A0B12A93F" bold="true" box="[151,287,1585,1609]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGS. 37a–c</emphasis>
|
||
: nymphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A515E4803FE5C651A08C1A93F" baseAuthorityName="Eaton" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[420,716,1585,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Paraleptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praepedita">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B515E4803FE5C651A08C1A93F" box="[420,716,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paraleptophlebia praepedita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 37a. female nymph after short term preservation in ethanol showing large white spots on sides of the pronotum, 36b. female nymph after long term preservation in ethanol showing medial pair of large white spots on the pronotum reduced, but lateral spots still distinct, 36c. male nymph after long term preservation in ethanol showing same pattern of pale spots on the pronotum as indicated for female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C46F7C0951594804FF3F66100B12A8E3" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Nymphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A51594804FEB466100BCCAA23" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1924" box="[332,449,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Leptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51594804FEB466100BCCAA23" box="[332,449,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are common throughout most of the northeast Nearctic region with records in 10 of the 14 states and provinces (
|
||
<tableCitation id="895249B251594804FE5E66740BF1AA0F" box="[422,508,1375,1401]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[152,244,656,680]" captionText="TABLE 2. Regional distribution of northeastern Nearctic Neoleptophlebia and Paraleptophlebia species. Geographic" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Only NH, VT, NL-I, and NL-Lab lack records. The absence of records for NH and VT is likely the result of sampling effort, but the lack of records from NL-I and NL-Lab may reflect actual absences. The presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A51594804FEB5668C0BCCAAB7" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1924" box="[333,449,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Leptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51594804FEB5668C0BCCAAB7" box="[333,449,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Martha’s Vineyard (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A04101F851594804FD3C668C0977AAB7" author="Whitmore, G. D." box="[708,890,1447,1473]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="431 - 458" refId="ref24535" refString="Whitmore, G. D. (2008) The macroinvertebrate stream fauna of Martha's Vineyard, with records from southeastern mainland Massachusetts. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 134 (3 + 4), 431 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.3157 / 0002 - 8320 - 134.3.431" type="journal article" year="2008">Whitmore 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), MA and on PE suggest that dispersal over water is possible. There are no published records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A51594804FD6766E00918AA93" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1924" box="[671,789,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Leptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51594804FD6766E00918AA93" box="[671,789,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from any area north of southern QC, which suggests that this may be the latitudinal limit of its continental range. Most records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A51594804FC3266C40E32A97F" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1924" box="[970,1087,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Leptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51594804FC3266C40E32A97F" box="[970,1087,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are from the southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BCC73C9951594804FA9266C40F91A97F" box="[1386,1436,1519,1545]" name="United States of America" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A04101F851594804FF6665380BA9A95B" author="McCafferty, W. P. & Lenat, D. R. & Jacobus, L. M. & Meyer, M. D." box="[158,420,1555,1581]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="221 - 233" refId="ref23365" refString="McCafferty, W. P., Lenat, D. R., Jacobus, L. M. & Meyer, M. D. (2010) The mayflies (Ephemeroptera) of the southeastern United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 136 (3 + 4), 221 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.3157 / 061.136.0303" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
McCafferty
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51594804FED265380B6EA95B" box="[298,355,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with only a few records from the upper midwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BCC73C9951594804FC0765380E3CA95B" box="[1023,1073,1555,1581]" name="United States of America" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A04101F851594804FBB865380ECAA95B" author="Burks, B. D." box="[1088,1223,1554,1581]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 216" refId="ref21467" refString="Burks, B. D. (1953) The mayflies, or Ephemeroptera, of Illinois. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin, 26 (1), 1 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.21900 / j. inhs. v 26.176" type="journal article" year="1953">Burks 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A04101F851594804FB2B65380F9AA95B" author="Lager, T. M. & Johnson, M. D. & McCafferty, W. P." box="[1235,1431,1555,1581]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="729 - 741" refId="ref23030" refString="Lager, T. M., Johnson, M. D. & McCafferty, W. P. (1982) The mayflies of northeastern Minnesota (Ephemeroptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 84 (4), 729 - 741." type="journal article" year="1982">
|
||
Lager
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51594804FAE465380F58A95B" box="[1308,1365,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1982
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A04101F851594804FF6F651C0BE1A927" author="McCafferty, W. P. & Randolph, R. P." box="[151,492,1591,1617]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="47 - 97" refId="ref23434" refString="McCafferty, W. P. & Randolph, R. P. (1998) Canada Mayflies: a faunistic compendium. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 129, 47 - 97." type="journal article" year="1998">Randolph & McCafferty 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and none further west than the Big Thicket area of eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0614B2EB51594804FB6E651C0EDAA927" box="[1174,1239,1591,1617]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A04101F851594804FB1E651C0AF5A903" author="Baumgardner, D. E. & Kennedy, J. H. & Henry Jr., B. C." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="55 - 69" refId="ref21246" refString="Baumgardner, D. E., Kennedy, J. H. & Henry Jr., B. C. (1997) New and additional records of Texas mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 123 (1 + 2), 55 - 69." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Baumgardner
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51594804FA70651C0AB9A903" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A04101F851594804FEFE65700BB1A903" author="Wiersema, N. A." box="[262,444,1627,1653]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="27 - 32" refId="ref24591" refString="Wiersema, N. A. (1998) Newly reported and little known mayflies (Ephemeroptera) of Texas. Entomological News, 109 (1), 27 - 32." type="journal article" year="1998">Wiersema 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This indicates that the southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BCC73C9951594804FC96657009ADA903" box="[878,928,1627,1653]" name="United States of America" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
likely represents the core of the continental range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A51594804FF0265540B63A9EF" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1924" box="[250,366,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Leptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51594804FF0265540B63A9EF" box="[250,366,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In this part of its range,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A51594804FD7E655408F7A9EF" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1924" box="[646,762,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Leptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51594804FD7E655408F7A9EF" box="[646,762,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread and likely secure with regards to the potential effects of climate change on stream habitats. In the northeastern portion of its range
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A51594804FBCB65880EABA9CB" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1924" box="[1075,1190,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Leptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51594804FBCB65880EABA9CB" box="[1075,1190,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common in streams ranging from small first order tributaries to large fourth (or>) order rivers. Nymphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A51594804FB7365EC0F0FA997" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1924" box="[1163,1282,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Leptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51594804FB7365EC0F0FA997" box="[1163,1282,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seem able to tolerate a wide range of flow regimes and water quality conditions occurring in streams draining bogs and those used by Atlantic Salmon for spawning (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A04101F851594804FDAD64240943A85F" author="Burian, S. K. & Gibbs, K. E." box="[597,846,1807,1833]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 109" refId="ref21387" refString="Burian, S. K. & Gibbs, K. E. (1991) The Mayflies of Maine: An Annotated Faunal List. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin, 142, 1 - 109." type="journal article" year="1991">Burian & Gibbs 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, based on its current widespread northeastern distribution, which is indicative of its wide habitat tolerances and perhaps dispersal ability,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A51594804FB7264180EF3A83B" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1924" box="[1162,1278,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Leptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51594804FB7264180EF3A83B" box="[1162,1278,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is expected to be secure where it now occurs with regards to the predicted effects of climate change on regional hydrology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A04101F851594804FAA0647C0B1EA8E3" author="Hicke, J. A. & Lucatello, S. & Mortsch, L. D. & Dawson, J. & Dominguez Aguilar, M. & Enquist, C. A. F. & Gilmore, E. A. & Gutzler, D. S. & Harper, S. & Holsman, K. & Jewett, E. B. & Kohler, T. A. & Miller, K. A." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1929 - 2042" refId="ref22486" refString="Hicke, J. A., Lucatello, S., Mortsch, L. D., Dawson, J., Dominguez Aguilar, M., Enquist, C. A. F., Gilmore, E. A., Gutzler, D. S., Harper, S., Holsman, K., Jewett, E. B., Kohler, T. A. & Miller, K. A. (2022) Chapter 14: North America. In: Portner, H. - O., Roberts, D. C., Tignor, M., Poloczanska, E. S., Mintenbeck, K., Alegria, A., Craig, M., Langsdorf, S., Loschke, S., Moller, V., Okem, A. & Rama, B. (Eds). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 1929 - 2042. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / 9781009325844.016" type="book chapter" year="2022">
|
||
Hicke
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51594804FF6F64500AC2A8E3" box="[151,207,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |