263 lines
34 KiB
XML
263 lines
34 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7B013683A1FB2BC0FF44115B8649E22D">Redescription of the subgenus Rhithrogeniella Ulmer 1939 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, genus Ecdyonurus) based on reared specimens from India and Thailand</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7D7ED20CEF87CCAC3BDCCECAE84329F0">Kluge, Nikita</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FD969C1F1B54E0C5C9D0741376760E8C">Department of Entomology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7 / 9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia. Website: http: // insecta. bio. spbu. ru</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7369A382193FB0483479C06F551450E3">Sivaruban, T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E8EA1FE921E2749FD9EBA861E28EAC34">PG and Research department of Zoology, the American College, Madurai- 625002, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0D8E254F73FCE8EFBC3D1EB00E640D8D">Srinivasan, Pandiarajan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6271113F2BAFAEAFDA2E8504EA4166A5">PG and Research department of Zoology, the American College, Madurai- 625002, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="381AF55403D0B9DFE8BB7885F0EFE262">Barathy, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="08BDD74F576B9453474A85220256ECBF">Department of Zoology, Fatima College, Madurai- 625018, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F5CE4318635CB2ABF87F1FD991DCFAB7">Isack, Rajasekaran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C385BA86B13D2A681A8087BBBBACE7F5">PG and Research department of Zoology, the American College, Madurai- 625002, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="9A0C283DD881399517DC9CF0C98C9AD3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0DAC89C69DCE49B13FA7F02BD3DF4786">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="335D16A3F57566BA41ABF04951F9533E">2023-07-27</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C357651AFFCEE65EFF64FDAE8AF5FDA0" box="[151,460,571,598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" type="nomenclature">
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<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFF64FDAE8AF5FDA0" bold="true" box="[151,460,571,598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
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Status of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFEFEFDA98AF5FDA0" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[269,460,571,598]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogeniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFEFEFDA98AF5FDA0" bold="true" box="[269,460,571,598]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Rhithrogeniella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C357651AFFCEE65EFF64FD168A33F944" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF23691FFCEE65EFF64FD168F18FC6C" blockId="11.[151,1437,644,1714]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B60FFCEE65EFF64FD168A01FD68" author="Sartori, M." box="[151,312,644,670]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="47 - 61" refId="ref9983" refString="Sartori, M. (2014) Status of the enigmatic Oriental genus Rhithrogeniella Ulmer, 1939 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). ZooKeys, 429, 47 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 429.8116" type="journal article" year="2014">Sartori (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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regarded
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFE5DFD168964FD68" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[430,605,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogeniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFE5DFD168964FD68" box="[430,605,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Rhithrogeniella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a genus distinct from
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFC75FD178880FD68" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="1980" box="[902,953,645,670]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Nixe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFC75FD178880FD68" box="[902,953,645,670]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Nixe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFC16FD168FABFD68" authorityName="Bajkova" authorityYear="1975" box="[997,1170,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paracinygmula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFC16FD168FABFD68" box="[997,1170,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Paracinygmula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on the fibrillose portion of tergalius VI, the setation of larval caudalii and the structure of imaginal penis structure. He stated that ́nymphs of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFED2FD5F8A6DFD10" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="1980" box="[289,340,717,742]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Nixe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFED2FD5F8A6DFD10" box="[289,340,717,742]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Nixe</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
/
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFEAEFD5E8933FD10" authorityName="Bajkova" authorityYear="1975" box="[349,522,716,742]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paracinygmula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFEAEFD5E8933FD10" box="[349,522,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Paracinygmula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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... present gills with a weakly developed fibrillose part, either absent or reduced to a single filament in gill VI, which is not the case in
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFD2EFD6288B5FCFC" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[733,908,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogeniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFD2EFD6288B5FCFC" box="[733,908,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Rhithrogeniella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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...» (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B60FFCEE65EFC36FD628FBBFCFD" author="Sartori, M." box="[965,1154,752,779]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="47 - 61" refId="ref9983" refString="Sartori, M. (2014) Status of the enigmatic Oriental genus Rhithrogeniella Ulmer, 1939 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). ZooKeys, 429, 47 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 429.8116" type="journal article" year="2014">Sartori 2014: 58</bibRefCitation>
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||
). However, some species placed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFEF9FC878A04FCD8" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="1980" box="[266,317,789,814]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Nixe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFEF9FC878A04FCD8" box="[266,317,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Nixe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have well developed fibrillose portion on tergalii I–VI (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B60FFCEE65EFC23FC868F63FCD8" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[976,1114,788,814]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="561 - 579" refId="ref9699" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1980) To the knowledge of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) of Taimyr National District. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 59 (3), 561 - 579. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1980">Kluge 1980</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 84, 95), and presence/ absence of the fibrillose portion on tergalius VI was regarded as the subgeneric character separating the subgenera
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFF64FCCE8BC7FC80" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,254,860,886]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Akkarion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFF64FCCE8BC7FC80" box="[151,254,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Akkarion</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFEC1FCCF8A5CFC80" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="1980" box="[306,357,861,886]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Nixe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFEC1FCCF8A5CFC80" box="[306,357,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Nixe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFE06FCCF89E5FC80" authority="(Flowers 1980)" baseAuthorityName="Flowers" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[501,732,860,886]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Nixe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFE06FCCF8911FC80" box="[501,552,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Nixe</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B60FFCEE65EFDC5FCCE89EAFC80" author="Flowers, R. W." box="[566,723,860,886]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="296 - 307" refId="ref9473" refString="Flowers, R. W. (1980) Two new genera of Nearctic Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera). Florida Entomologist, 63 (3), 296 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3494626" type="journal article" year="1980">Flowers 1980</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Among examined individuals of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFBBCFCCE8BD4FC6C" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Ecdyonurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus" subGenus="Rhithrogeniella">
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<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFBBCFCCE8FECFC80" box="[1103,1237,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Ecdyonurus</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFB17FCCE8EAAFC80" box="[1252,1427,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Rhithrogeniella</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFF64FC138BD4FC6C" box="[151,237,897,922]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">ornatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, number of filaments or their branches on tergalii VI varies from 2 to 12.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF23691FFCEE65EFF34FC368EA2FBDD" blockId="11.[151,1437,644,1714]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
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||
Difference in caudalii setation was reported as: ́The genus can be distinguished from all relatives by the peculiar structure of the cerci and terminal filament which possess a row of stout setae in the proximal part and bunches of long and thin setae in the medial and distal parts» (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B60FFCEE65EFCB2FC7E88C3FBF0" author="Sartori, M." box="[833,1018,1004,1030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="47 - 61" refId="ref9983" refString="Sartori, M. (2014) Status of the enigmatic Oriental genus Rhithrogeniella Ulmer, 1939 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). ZooKeys, 429, 47 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 429.8116" type="journal article" year="2014">Sartori 2014: 48</bibRefCitation>
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||
). However, caudalii of the Palaearctic species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFF1CFB838AF8FBDC" authorityName="Bengtsson" authorityYear="1909" box="[239,449,1040,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Ecdyonurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joernensis" subGenus="Rhithrogeniella">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFF1CFB838A39FBDC" box="[239,256,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">E</emphasis>
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||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFEE4FB828A0FFBDC" box="[279,310,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Rh</emphasis>
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||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFEBDFB838AF8FBDC" box="[334,449,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">joernensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(placed by this author in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFD2CFB83882BFBDC" baseAuthorityName="Flowers" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[735,786,1041,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Nixe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFD2CFB83882BFBDC" box="[735,786,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Nixe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFCCBFB8288DCFBDC" authorityName="Bajkova" authorityYear="1975" box="[824,997,1040,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paracinygmula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFCCBFB8288DCFBDC" box="[824,997,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Paracinygmula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have the same structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A14FFCEE65EFAF8FB828EB7FBDD" box="[1291,1422,1040,1067]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–52" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1785,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1762]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[151,1436,181,1762]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 42–52. Larvae. 42–50, Ecdyonurus (Rhithrogeniella) ornatus, larval exuviae: 42–44, specimen from Agumbe (India), posterior margins of abdominal terga I, VIII and X; 45, specimen from Pai (Thailand), posterior margins of abdominal tergum VI; 46–48, cercus of specimen from Agumbe: 46, proximal portion; 47, middle portion in median-ventral view, to show bases of primary swimming setae on inner (median) side; 48, the same portion with focus on lateral-dorsal side, to show bases of secondary swimming setae on outer (lateral) side; 49–50, cercus of specimen from Kodaikanal (India). 51–52, Ecdyonurus (Rhithrogeniella) joernensis (Russia, Orenburg province, Tashla, 16.VIII.1986, coll. N. Kluge): two portions of cercus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203260/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Figs 51–52</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF23691FFCEE65EFF34FBA68975FAD0" blockId="11.[151,1437,644,1714]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B60FFCEE65EFF34FBA68931FBB8" author="Soldan, T. & Braasch, D." box="[199,520,1076,1102]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="202 - 212" refId="ref10092" refString="Soldan, T. & Braasch, D. (1986) Rhithrogeniella tonkinensis sp. n. (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) from Vietnam, with descriptions of the nymphal stages and biology of the genus. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 83, 202 - 212." type="journal article" year="1986">Soldán and Braasch (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the following feature of the cerci as diagnostic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFB15FBA68EACFBB8" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[1254,1429,1076,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogeniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFB15FBA68EACFBB8" box="[1254,1429,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Rhithrogeniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: ́segments with large blunt spines and bristles on anterior margin regularly alternate with those with very fine bristles and individual scales on posterior margin» and ́(10) segments of cerci bearing stout spines regularly alternate with those without spines» (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B60FFCEE65EFE53FB328804FB4C" author="Soldan, T. & Braasch, D." box="[416,829,1184,1210]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="202 - 212" refId="ref10092" refString="Soldan, T. & Braasch, D. (1986) Rhithrogeniella tonkinensis sp. n. (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) from Vietnam, with descriptions of the nymphal stages and biology of the genus. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 83, 202 - 212." type="journal article" year="1986">Soldán and Braasch 1986: 203–204</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 205, figs 14, 15). Among specimens examined, this alternation is expressed in some individuals on some portions of cerci, but not expressed on others; sometimes such alternation is expressed on ventral side of the cercus segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A14FFCEE65EFC81FB7A88FEFAF4" box="[882,967,1256,1282]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–52" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1785,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1762]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[151,1436,181,1762]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 42–52. Larvae. 42–50, Ecdyonurus (Rhithrogeniella) ornatus, larval exuviae: 42–44, specimen from Agumbe (India), posterior margins of abdominal terga I, VIII and X; 45, specimen from Pai (Thailand), posterior margins of abdominal tergum VI; 46–48, cercus of specimen from Agumbe: 46, proximal portion; 47, middle portion in median-ventral view, to show bases of primary swimming setae on inner (median) side; 48, the same portion with focus on lateral-dorsal side, to show bases of secondary swimming setae on outer (lateral) side; 49–50, cercus of specimen from Kodaikanal (India). 51–52, Ecdyonurus (Rhithrogeniella) joernensis (Russia, Orenburg province, Tashla, 16.VIII.1986, coll. N. Kluge): two portions of cercus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203260/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
), but dorsal sides of these segments bear equally stout spine-like setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A14FFCEE65EFE18FA9E8906FAD0" box="[491,575,1292,1318]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–52" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1785,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1762]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[151,1436,181,1762]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 42–52. Larvae. 42–50, Ecdyonurus (Rhithrogeniella) ornatus, larval exuviae: 42–44, specimen from Agumbe (India), posterior margins of abdominal terga I, VIII and X; 45, specimen from Pai (Thailand), posterior margins of abdominal tergum VI; 46–48, cercus of specimen from Agumbe: 46, proximal portion; 47, middle portion in median-ventral view, to show bases of primary swimming setae on inner (median) side; 48, the same portion with focus on lateral-dorsal side, to show bases of secondary swimming setae on outer (lateral) side; 49–50, cercus of specimen from Kodaikanal (India). 51–52, Ecdyonurus (Rhithrogeniella) joernensis (Russia, Orenburg province, Tashla, 16.VIII.1986, coll. N. Kluge): two portions of cercus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203260/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF23691FFCEE65EFF34FAA28A33F944" blockId="11.[151,1437,644,1714]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
|
||
Difference in penis structure was reported as following: ́Contrary to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFC2EFAA38F29FABC" baseAuthorityName="Flowers" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[989,1040,1329,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Nixe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFC2EFAA38F29FABC" box="[989,1040,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Nixe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFBEBFAA28FFCFABC" authorityName="Bajkova" authorityYear="1975" box="[1048,1221,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paracinygmula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFBEBFAA28FFCFABC" box="[1048,1221,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Paracinygmula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the male genitalia have a very different shape and lack well developed median titillators as well as basal sclerite spines» (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B60FFCEE65EFAFBFAC68B8EFA65" author="Sartori, M." pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="47 - 61" refId="ref9983" refString="Sartori, M. (2014) Status of the enigmatic Oriental genus Rhithrogeniella Ulmer, 1939 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). ZooKeys, 429, 47 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 429.8116" type="journal article" year="2014">Sartori 2014: 58</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, general shape of penis is quite different in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68833FFCEE65EFCBFFAEB8845FA65" box="[844,892,1401,1427]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFC0FFAEB8F16FA64" baseAuthorityName="Flowers" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1020,1071,1401,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Nixe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFC0FFAEB8F16FA64" box="[1020,1071,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Nixe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B60FFCEE65EFBCDFAEA8FFEFA65" author="Burks, B. D." box="[1086,1223,1400,1427]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="1 - 216" refId="ref9305" refString="Burks, B. D. (1953) The mayflies, or Ephemeroptera, of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 26 (1), 1 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.21900 / j. inhs. v 26.176" type="journal article" year="1953">Burks 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 372), the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68833FFCEE65EFA9FFAEB8EA5FA65" box="[1388,1436,1401,1427]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFEF9FA0E8A8EFA40" authorityName="Bajkova" authorityYear="1975" box="[266,439,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paracinygmula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFEF9FA0E8A8EFA40" box="[266,439,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Paracinygmula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kluge 1983: fig. 2M) and other representatives of this taxon.As shown below, the median titillators are present in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68833FFCEE65EFE38FA538AC2FA2D" box="[459,507,1473,1499]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFD8AFA528811FA2C" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[633,808,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogeniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFD8AFA528811FA2C" box="[633,808,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Rhithrogeniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, the single difference between the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68833FFCEE65EFB06FA538E1CFA2D" box="[1269,1317,1473,1499]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFF64FA768A7FFA08" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,326,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogeniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFF64FA768A7FFA08" box="[151,326,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Rhithrogeniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from one side, and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68833FFCEE65EFDA2FA7789B8FA09" box="[593,641,1509,1535]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFD0CFA7688BBFA08" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1964" box="[767,898,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afghanurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFD0CFA7688BBFA08" box="[767,898,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Afghanurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFC62FA768F07FA08" authorityName="Bajkova" authorityYear="1975" box="[913,1086,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paracinygmula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFC62FA768F07FA08" box="[913,1086,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Paracinygmula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFBBFFA778F46FA08" baseAuthorityName="Flowers" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1100,1151,1509,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Nixe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFBBFFA778F46FA08" box="[1100,1151,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Nixe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFB44FA768E27FA08" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="1980" box="[1207,1310,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Akkarion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFB44FA768E27FA08" box="[1207,1310,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Akkarion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other side, is the absence of the pair of spines on ventral side of the penis in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68833FFCEE65EFC3FF99B88C5F9D5" box="[972,1020,1545,1571]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFB8BF99A8E1EF9D4" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[1144,1319,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogeniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFB8BF99A8E1EF9D4" box="[1144,1319,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Rhithrogeniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Formerly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B60FFCEE65EFF53F9BE8A1CF9B0" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[160,293,1580,1606]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" refId="ref9854" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2004) The phylogenetic system of Ephemeroptera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 456 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0872 - 3" type="book" year="2004">Kluge 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) the presence of these spines was regarded to be a key autapomorphy of the taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFB47F9BE8E07F9B0" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1964" box="[1204,1342,1580,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afghanurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Afghanurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/g1 (incl.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFF64F9C38A2FF99C" authorityName="Flowers" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,278,1617,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Leucrocuta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFF64F9C38A2FF99C" box="[151,278,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Leucrocuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, the same pair of spines occur in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D12FFCEE65EFCF5F9C28F6DF99C" authority="Ulmer 1939" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[774,1108,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Compsoneuriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFCF5F9C288FEF99C" box="[774,967,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Compsoneuriella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B60FFCEE65EFC3DF9C28F6DF99C" author="Ulmer, G." box="[974,1108,1616,1642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="443 - 692" refId="ref10209" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 16, 443 - 692." type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has the autapomorphy of the taxon Atopopus/g1
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA83FFCEE65EFE44F9E78ACCF978" box="[439,501,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B60FFCEE65EFE08F9E689BBF978" author="Kluge, N. J." box="[507,642,1652,1678]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" refId="ref9854" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2004) The phylogenetic system of Ephemeroptera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 456 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0872 - 3" type="book" year="2004">Kluge 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this fact testifies that phylogenetic status of this character was wrongly estimated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |