183 lines
25 KiB
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183 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4334416" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e89a8dfa-e923-4a01-97f4-4edd4a0b8db0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166018126" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4334416" approvedBy="poa" checkinTime="1596207678408" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Grazia, Jocelia, Schuh, Randall T. & Wheeler, Ward C." docDate="2008" docId="03E187AB6B70FFF4FFC8F96D121B49BA" docLanguage="en" docName="Cladistics.24.932-976.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Cladistics 24" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Lestoniidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="969" masterDocId="FFD8FFD36B55FFD1FFB9FF8611774F5E" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera)" masterLastPageNumber="976" masterPageNumber="932" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" updateTime="1635478016111" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Grazia, Jocelia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jocelia@ufrgs.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schuh, Randall T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wheeler, Ward C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Cladistics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2008-11-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>932</mods:start>
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<mods:end>976</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00224.x</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e89a8dfa-e923-4a01-97f4-4edd4a0b8db0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3968591</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4334416" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166018126" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4334416" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187AB6B70FFF4FFC8F96D121B49BA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187AB6B70FFF4FFC8F96D121B49BA" lastPageNumber="969" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">
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<subSubSection box="[113,377,1771,1795]" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="37.[113,751,1771,1886]" box="[113,377,1771,1795]" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">
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<heading bold="true" box="[113,377,1771,1795]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" reason="0">
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<emphasis box="[113,377,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">
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<taxonomicName box="[113,301,1771,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Lestoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">LESTONIIDAE</taxonomicName>
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<collectingCountry box="[311,377,1771,1795]" name="China" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">China</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="969" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="37.[113,751,1771,1886]" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">
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<emphasis box="[140,260,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">Historical:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="China, W. E." box="[269,419,1801,1825]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12)" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="204 - 210" part="8" refId="ref28131" refString="China, W. E., 1955. A new genus and species representing a new subfamily of Plataspidae, with notes on the Aphylidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 8, 204 - 210." title="A new genus and species representing a new subfamily of Plataspidae, with notes on the Aphylidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera)" type="journal article" year="1955">
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<collectingCountry box="[269,338,1801,1825]" name="China" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">China</collectingCountry>
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(1955)
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</bibRefCitation>
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described the lestoniids as a new subfamily of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[324,476,1831,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Plataspididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Plataspididae</taxonomicName>
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based on characters of the hind wing venation and the two-segmented tarsi.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="969" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="37.[815,1453,182,1764]" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">
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<bibRefCitation author="China, W. E. & Miller, N. C. E." box="[815,1112,182,206]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Entomol." pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="1 - 45" part="8" refId="ref28214" refString="China, W. E., Miller, N. C. E., 1959. Check-list and keys to the families and subfamilies of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Entomol. 8, 1 - 45." title="Check-list and keys to the families and subfamilies of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera" type="journal article" year="1959">
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<collectingCountry box="[815,884,182,206]" name="China" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">China</collectingCountry>
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and Miller (1959)
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</bibRefCitation>
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raised the group to family status.
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<bibRefCitation author="China, W. E." box="[901,1056,212,236]" journalOrPublisher="J. Entomol. Soc. Queensland" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="67 - 68" part="2" refId="ref28180" refString="China, W. E., 1963. Lestonia haustorifera China (Hemiptera: Lestoniidae) - a correction. J. Entomol. Soc. Queensland 2, 67 - 68." title="Lestonia haustorifera China (Hemiptera: Lestoniidae) - a correction" type="journal article" year="1963">
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<collectingCountry box="[901,970,212,236]" name="China" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">China</collectingCountry>
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(1963)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="McDonald, F. J. D." box="[1073,1284,212,236]" journalOrPublisher="J. Nat. Hist." pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="413 - 417" part="4" refId="ref30930" refString="McDonald, F. J. D., 1970. The morphology of Lestonia haustorifera China (Het. Lestoniidae). J. Nat. Hist. 4, 413 - 417." title="The morphology of Lestonia haustorifera China (Het. Lestoniidae)" type="journal article" year="1970">
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<collectingCountry box="[1073,1198,212,236]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">McDonald</collectingCountry>
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(1970)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Schaefer, C. W." journalOrPublisher="Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash." pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="453 - 456" part="95" refId="ref31686" refString="Schaefer, C. W., 1993 a. Notes on the morphology and family relationships of Lestoniidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 95, 453 - 456." title="Notes on the morphology and family relationships of Lestoniidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)" type="journal article" year="1993">Schaefer (1993a)</bibRefCitation>
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retained the familial ranking.
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<bibRefCitation author="Gapud, V." box="[1286,1452,243,267]" journalOrPublisher="Philippine Entomol." pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="865 - 961" part="8" refId="ref29174" refString="Gapud, V., 1991. A generic revision of the subfamily Asopinae with consideration of its phylogenetic position in the family Pentatomidae and superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Philippine Entomol. 8, 865 - 961." title="A generic revision of the subfamily Asopinae with consideration of its phylogenetic position in the family Pentatomidae and superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera)" type="journal article" year="1991">Gapud (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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considered
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<taxonomicName box="[958,1090,273,297]" class="Insecta" family="Lestoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lestoniidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[1175,1327,273,297]" class="Insecta" family="Plataspididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Plataspididae</taxonomicName>
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as sister
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="37.[815,1453,182,1764]" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">
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groups, with five homoplasious characters supporting the relationship: well-developed triangulin (an erroneous interpretation; see explanation of the characters), two-segmented tarsi, obsolete frena, enlarged scutellum that covers the abdomen, and contiguous ninth paratergites. The
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[981,1133,457,481]" class="Insecta" family="Plataspididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Plataspididae</taxonomicName>
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is unique in having almost the entire pleural region covered by the evaporative area, whereas the
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<taxonomicName box="[1022,1154,518,542]" class="Insecta" family="Lestoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lestoniidae</taxonomicName>
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has an extremely reduced evaporative area.
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, C." box="[1029,1190,548,572]" journalOrPublisher="Insect Syst. Evol." pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="20 - 208" part="31" refId="ref28914" refString="Fischer, C., 2000. The disc-like organ of the Lestoniidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea), with remarks on the relationship of Lestoniidae. Insect Syst. Evol. 31, 20 - 208." title="The disc-like organ of the Lestoniidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea), with remarks on the relationship of Lestoniidae" type="journal article" year="2000">Fischer (2000</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, C." box="[1208,1263,548,572]" editor="Rabitsch, W." journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="1041 - 1054" part="19" refId="ref28990" refString="Fischer, C., 2006. The biological context and evolution of Pendergrasts ̕ organs of Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea). In: Rabitsch, W. (Ed.), Hug the bug-For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70 Geburtstag von Ernst Heiss., Denisia 19, 1041 - 1054." title="The biological context and evolution of Pendergrasts ̕ organs of Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea)" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Hug the bug-For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70 Geburtstag von Ernst Heiss" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
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) considered the disc-like organs of the
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<taxonomicName box="[1093,1225,579,603]" class="Insecta" family="Lestoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lestoniidae</taxonomicName>
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to be homologous with the Pendergrast̕s organs of the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kumar" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[1238,1452,609,633]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
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and associated the two taxa on that basis. Additional characters suggesting a common stem-species for
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kumar" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[815,1029,701,725]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[1099,1231,701,725]" class="Insecta" family="Lestoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lestoniidae</taxonomicName>
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include the structure of the male genital segments, the arrangement of the abdominal scent-gland openings, and the number of tarsomeres.
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<bibRefCitation author="McDonald, F. J. D." box="[956,1157,793,817]" journalOrPublisher="Pac. Insects" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="187 - 190" part="11" refId="ref30901" refString="McDonald, F. J. D., 1969. A new species of Lestoniidae (Hemiptera). Pac. Insects 11, 187 - 190." title="A new species of Lestoniidae (Hemiptera)" type="journal article" year="1969">
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<collectingCountry box="[956,1080,793,817]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">McDonald</collectingCountry>
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(1969
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="McDonald, F. J. D." box="[1172,1229,793,817]" journalOrPublisher="J. Nat. Hist." pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="413 - 417" part="4" refId="ref30930" refString="McDonald, F. J. D., 1970. The morphology of Lestonia haustorifera China (Het. Lestoniidae). J. Nat. Hist. 4, 413 - 417." title="The morphology of Lestonia haustorifera China (Het. Lestoniidae)" type="journal article" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<bibRefCitation author="Schaefer, C. W." box="[1253,1448,793,817]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash." pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="453 - 456" part="95" refId="ref31686" refString="Schaefer, C. W., 1993 a. Notes on the morphology and family relationships of Lestoniidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 95, 453 - 456." title="Notes on the morphology and family relationships of Lestoniidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)" type="journal article" year="1993">Schaefer (1993a)</bibRefCitation>
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, and other authors erroneously considered the spermathecal flanges to be absent in
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<taxonomicName box="[1258,1390,854,878]" class="Insecta" family="Lestoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lestoniidae</taxonomicName>
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(see explanation of characters);
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, C." box="[1128,1290,884,908]" journalOrPublisher="Insect Syst. Evol." pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="20 - 208" part="31" refId="ref28914" refString="Fischer, C., 2000. The disc-like organ of the Lestoniidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea), with remarks on the relationship of Lestoniidae. Insect Syst. Evol. 31, 20 - 208." title="The disc-like organ of the Lestoniidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea), with remarks on the relationship of Lestoniidae" type="journal article" year="2000">Fischer (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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corrected this misinterpretation and illustrated the spermatheca of
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<taxonomicName authority="China" authorityName="China" box="[815,1141,945,970]" class="Insecta" family="Lestoniidae" genus="Lestonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haustorifera">
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<emphasis box="[815,1058,946,970]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">Lestonia haustorifera</emphasis>
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China
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</taxonomicName>
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as possessing a proximal flange.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="37.[815,1453,182,1764]" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">
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<emphasis box="[841,1030,1007,1031]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">Analytical result</emphasis>
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: The placement of the
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<taxonomicName box="[1320,1452,1006,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Lestoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lestoniidae</taxonomicName>
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has been controversial, in large part because of its many novel morphological attributes. Because the most commonly collected species is small, and usually taken in very limited numbers, acquiring a decent sample of specimens takes considerable effort in the field. Our own fieldwork has allowed the present analysis to benefit from the recently published morphological analysis of
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, C." box="[815,979,1251,1275]" journalOrPublisher="Insect Syst. Evol." pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="20 - 208" part="31" refId="ref28914" refString="Fischer, C., 2000. The disc-like organ of the Lestoniidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea), with remarks on the relationship of Lestoniidae. Insect Syst. Evol. 31, 20 - 208." title="The disc-like organ of the Lestoniidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea), with remarks on the relationship of Lestoniidae" type="journal article" year="2000">Fischer (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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and DNA sequence data for the group. Our morphological analyses (e.g.
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<figureCitation box="[1196,1280,1281,1305]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,146,1819,1838]" captionTargetBox="[156,1411,184,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[156,1411,191,1787]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 43. Strict consensus of three trees derived from successive weighting of the results shown in Fig. 42. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3968611/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">Figs 43</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation box="[1337,1365,1281,1305]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[135,168,1801,1820]" captionTargetBox="[143,1466,184,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[143,1466,192,1769]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 44. Strict consensus of 12 trees derived from implied weighting analysis of morphological data using PIWE. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3968613/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">44</figureCitation>
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) offer a less than convincing placement for the group, and only the PIWE result supports a sister-group relationship with
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kumar" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[874,1088,1373,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
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as proposed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, C." box="[1282,1449,1373,1397]" journalOrPublisher="Insect Syst. Evol." pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="20 - 208" part="31" refId="ref28914" refString="Fischer, C., 2000. The disc-like organ of the Lestoniidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea), with remarks on the relationship of Lestoniidae. Insect Syst. Evol. 31, 20 - 208." title="The disc-like organ of the Lestoniidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea), with remarks on the relationship of Lestoniidae" type="journal article" year="2000">Fischer (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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. However, all of our results that include DNA sequence data show the
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<taxonomicName box="[988,1120,1434,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Lestoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lestoniidae</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kumar" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[1164,1378,1434,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
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forming a monophyletic group. The molecular data alone treat
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<taxonomicName authorityName="China" authorityYear="1955" box="[875,971,1496,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Lestoniidae" genus="Lestonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[875,971,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">Lestonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as part of the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kumar" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[1138,1352,1495,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figs 45–48. 45" captionStartId="25.[113,152,1786,1805]" captionTargetBox="[141,1425,1005,1754]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 45–48. 45. One of two trees derived from analysis of combined molecular data with 1: 1 indel ⁄transition–transversion cost ratio. 46. Single tree derived from analysis of combined molecular data with 2: 2 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 47. Single tree derived from analysis of ~500 bp of 16S rRNA data using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 48. Single tree derived from analysis of ~1800 bp of 18S rRNA using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3968615/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">Figs 45 and 46</figureCitation>
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||
), whereas the combined analyses always place
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="China" authorityYear="1955" box="[815,911,1557,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Lestoniidae" genus="Lestonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[815,911,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">Lestonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister group of the
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kumar" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[1238,1452,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[815,962,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[989,1118,1587,1611]" captionStart-0="Figs 49–52. 49" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="27.[113,152,1804,1823]" captionStartId-1="28.[135,168,1740,1759]" captionStartId-2="29.[113,146,1878,1897]" captionStartId-3="30.[135,168,1651,1670]" captionTargetBox-0="[181,1384,1071,1772]" captionTargetBox-1="[177,1432,184,1708]" captionTargetBox-2="[187,1378,184,1843]" captionTargetBox-3="[177,1431,184,1620]" captionTargetId-1="figure@28.[177,1432,183,1708]" captionTargetId-2="figure@29.[187,1378,183,1843]" captionTargetId-3="figure@30.[177,1432,183,1620]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="28" captionTargetPageId-2="29" captionTargetPageId-3="30" captionText-0="Figs 49–52. 49. Single tree derived from analysis of ~470 bp of 28S rRNA using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 50. Single tree derived from analysis of ~1100 bp of COI mtDNA using 1: 1 indel ⁄transition–transversion cost ratio. 51. Total evidence analysis with POY of 52- taxon data set using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 52. Total evidence analysis with POY of 52-taxon data set using 2: 2 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio." captionText-1="Fig. 53. One of six trees from total evidence analysis with POY of 92-taxon data set using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." captionText-2="Fig. 54. One of four trees from total evidence analysis with POY of 92-taxon data set using 1: 2 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." captionText-3="Fig. 55. One of three trees from total evidence analysis with POY of 92-taxon data set using 2: 2 indel ⁄transition–transversion cost ratio, which had the lowest MRI value. Bremer support values are shown." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968617" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968619" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968621" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968623" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3968617/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3968619/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3968621/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3968623/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">Figs 51–55</figureCitation>
|
||
). Morphological characters supporting the monophyly of the former grouping include: tarsi two-segmented (
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1169,1206,1642,1672]" fontSize="7" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">291</superScript>
|
||
), abdominal sternite VIII in males at most partially covered by segment VII (
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[874,912,1703,1733]" fontSize="7" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">400</superScript>
|
||
), and Pendergrast̕s organ present in females (
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[822,860,1734,1764]" fontSize="7" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">441</superScript>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |