369 lines
41 KiB
XML
369 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0dfb41e-097f-47cf-a691-e0ed156f0dd6" ID-PMC="PMC6908515" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-896-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC" ID-PubMed="31844412" ID-ZooBank="3E0BC795B569442AAE6FDFD4A9FB9534" ModsDocID="1313-2970-896-1" checkinTime="1575565016593" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Reemer, Menno, Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Kelso, Scott" docDate="2019" docId="3B4BA2A51D0E5328958E0201F0188814" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 896: 1-93" docOrigin="ZooKeys 896" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493" docTitle="Peradon normalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Neotropical hoverfly genus Peradon Reemer (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae)" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168194872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Revision of the Neotropical hoverfly genus Peradon Reemer (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Reemer, Menno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Skevington, Jeffrey H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kelso, Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>896</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>93</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-896-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3E0BC795B569442AAE6FDFD4A9FB9534</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160631121" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B4BA2A51D0E5328958E0201F0188814" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B4BA2A51D0E5328958E0201F0188814" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="3B4BA2A5-1D0E-5328-958E-0201F0188814" authority="Curran" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon normalis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="normalis">Peradon normalis (Curran)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–47" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 36 - 47. 36 - 46 Wings of Peradon species of the bidens - group: 36 P. bidens ♂ Suriname RMNH 37 P. bispina ♂ holotype 38 P. aurifascia ♂ holotype 39 P. angustiventris ♂ Suriname RMNH 40 P. angustus ♀ neotype 41 P. flavipennis ♀ holotype 42 P. normalis var. SUR- 17 B ♀ Suriname RMNH 43 P. normalis typical var. ♀ Suriname RMNH 44 P. pompiloides ♂ holotype 45 P. pompiloides ♀ paratype 46 P. niger ♂ holotype 47 Wing of P. palpator ♂ holotype (flavofascium group)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures36-47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362280" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures36-47">Figs 42</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–47" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 36 - 47. 36 - 46 Wings of Peradon species of the bidens - group: 36 P. bidens ♂ Suriname RMNH 37 P. bispina ♂ holotype 38 P. aurifascia ♂ holotype 39 P. angustiventris ♂ Suriname RMNH 40 P. angustus ♀ neotype 41 P. flavipennis ♀ holotype 42 P. normalis var. SUR- 17 B ♀ Suriname RMNH 43 P. normalis typical var. ♀ Suriname RMNH 44 P. pompiloides ♂ holotype 45 P. pompiloides ♀ paratype 46 P. niger ♂ holotype 47 Wing of P. palpator ♂ holotype (flavofascium group)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures36-47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362280" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures36-47">43</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 53–56" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 53 - 56. Tergite 4 of Peradon females 53 P. normalis typical variation (without grey pruinescence), French Guiana RMNH 54 P. normalis red variation (without grey pruinescence), Brazil LACM 55 P. pompiloides paratype (with large basomedian patch of pruinescence) 56 P. cf. sciarus (with large basal area of pruinescence) Peru CSCA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures53-56" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362282" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures53-56">53</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 53–56" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 53 - 56. Tergite 4 of Peradon females 53 P. normalis typical variation (without grey pruinescence), French Guiana RMNH 54 P. normalis red variation (without grey pruinescence), Brazil LACM 55 P. pompiloides paratype (with large basomedian patch of pruinescence) 56 P. cf. sciarus (with large basal area of pruinescence) Peru CSCA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures53-56" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362282" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures53-56">54</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 57–60" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 57 - 60. Tergite 2 - 3 of Peradon females in frontodorsal view 57 P. normalis typical morph, French Guiana RMNH 58 P. normalis red morph Brazil LACM 59 P. normalis SUR- 17 b morph Suriname RMNH 60 P. pompiloides paratype. Note the similar pattern of grey pruinescence on tergite 3 in all three colour morphs of P. normalis, with pruinescence limited to anterior 1 / 3 of tergite 3. In contrast, the grey pruinescence in P. pompiloides extends over a large part of tergite 3." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures57-60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362283" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures57-60">57-59</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 61–66" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 61 - 66. 61, 62 Wing cell bm: 61 P. bidens 62 P. costaricensis 63, 64 Mesonotal transverse fascia: 63 medially interrupted (P. bidens) 64 complete (P. costaricensis) 65, 66 Wing cell br: 65 P. pompiloides (holotype) 66 P. normalis (Suriname RMNH)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures61-66" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362284" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures61-66">66</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 119–128" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figures 119 - 128. Dorsal habitus of Peradon species (bidens group) 119 P.? normalis ♂ Brazil Rondonia LACM 120 P. normalis typical morph ♀ French Guiana RMNH 121 P. normalis red morph ♀ Brazil Para LACM 122 P. normalis SUR- 17 b morph ♀ 123 P. niger ♂ holotype 124 P. niger ♀ (holotype M. manni Shannon) 125 P. flavipennis ♀ holotype 126 P. pompiloides ♂ holotype 127 P. pompiloides ♀ paratype 128 P. bispina ♂ Brazil CNC. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures119-128" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362292" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures119-128">119-122</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 218–221" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figures 218 - 221. Peradon normalis female, holotype 218 habitus dorsal 219 habitus lateral 220 head frontal 221 thorax dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures218-221" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362308" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures218-221">218-221</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 268–273" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figures 268 - 273. Male genitalia of Peradon species 268 P. costaricensis paratype 269 P.? normalis Brazil Rondonia LACM 270 P. niger holotype 271 P. bispina holotype 272 P. pompiloides holotype 273 P. aurifascia Sao Paulo CNC." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures268-273" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362316" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures268-273">269</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon normalis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="normalis">Microdon normalis</taxonomicName>
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Curran, 1925: 343. Holotype ♀: Guyana (AMNH) [examined];
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" author="Thompson, FC" journalOrPublisher="A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 195" refId="B29" refString="Thompson, FC, Vockeroth, JR, Sedman, YS, 1976. Family Syrphidae. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States 46: 1 - 195" title="Family Syrphidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" volume="46" year="1976">Thompson et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 66.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Not
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon normalis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="normalis">Microdon normalis</taxonomicName>
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Curran of
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<bibRefCitation author="Van Doesburg, PH" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 33" refId="B31" refString="Van Doesburg, PH, 1962. Preliminary list of Syrphidae known from Suriname and British and French Guiana. Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas 5: 1 - 33" title="Preliminary list of Syrphidae known from Suriname and British and French Guiana." volume="5" year="1962">Van Doesburg 1962</bibRefCitation>
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: 13,
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<bibRefCitation author="Van Doesburg, PH" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="61 - 107" refId="B32" refString="Van Doesburg, PH, 1966. Syrphidae from Suriname. Additional records and descriptions. Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas 9: 61 - 107" title="Syrphidae from Suriname. Additional records and descriptions." volume="9" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 83.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon normalis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="normalis">Peradon normalis</taxonomicName>
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(Curran):
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 213" refId="B25" refString="Reemer, M, Stahls, G, 2013a. Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 288: 1 - 213" title="Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" volume="288" year="2013 a">
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Reemer and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ståhls">Stahls</normalizedToken>
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2013a
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 146.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peradon</taxonomicName>
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SUR-17a of
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 57" refId="B24" refString="Reemer, M, 2014. A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 157: 27 - 57" title="A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" volume="157" year="2014">Reemer 2014</bibRefCitation>
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: 47.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peradon</taxonomicName>
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SUR-17b of
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 57" refId="B24" refString="Reemer, M, 2014. A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 157: 27 - 57" title="A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" volume="157" year="2014">Reemer 2014</bibRefCitation>
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: 47.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="studied type specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Studied type specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Guyana •1 ♀, holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon normalis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="normalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microdon normalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Curran; Demara River, West Bank; 9 Feb. 1923; AMNH. Label 1: "W. Bank, Dem. R. / 9-ii-1923"; label 2 (red): "TYPE / Microdon / normalis / Curran"; label 3: "Microdon / normalis / Det. C.H. Curran". Coll. AMNH. Type locality according to
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932508633318" author="Curran, CH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B3" refString="Curran, CH, 1925. .https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932508633318" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932508633318" year="1925">Curran (1925)</bibRefCitation>
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: West Bank Demarara River.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="additional specimens of typical morph">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens of typical morph.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Brazil • 1 ♀;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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, Guama; 8 May 1956; E. Lobato leg.; MZUSP.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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French Guiana • 1 ♀; Roura, Kaw Road, PK37 (km 37), Relais Patawa;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="43" value="4.5452776">04°32'43"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="09" value="-52.1525">52°09'09"W</geoCoordinate>
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; Nov. 2008; J.A. Cerda leg.; RMNH.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Suriname • 1 ♀; Brownsberg;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="45" value="4.945833">04°56'45"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-55.183056">55°10'59"W</geoCoordinate>
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; 2 Apr. 2006; M. Reemer leg.; RMNH [previously published as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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SUR-17a by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 57" refId="B24" refString="Reemer, M, 2014. A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 157: 27 - 57" title="A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" volume="157" year="2014">Reemer 2014</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="additional specimens of red morph">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens of red morph.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Brazil • 1 ♀;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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; Baker leg.; LACM.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="additional specimens of sur-17b morph">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens of SUR-17b morph.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brazil • 1 ♀; Amazonas, Cepiac, Manaus; 3 Apr. 1977; INPA.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Suriname • 1 ♀; Brownsberg;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="45" value="4.945833">04°56'45"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-55.183056">55°10'59"W</geoCoordinate>
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; 2 Apr. 2006; M. Reemer leg.; RMNH [previously published as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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SUR-17b by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 57" refId="B24" refString="Reemer, M, 2014. A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 157: 27 - 57" title="A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" volume="157" year="2014">Reemer 2014</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="additional specimens of p. cf. normalis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Additional specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. normalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="normalis">P. cf. normalis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brazil • 1 ♂; Rondonia, 62 km SE Ariquemes; 8-20 Nov. 1994; W.J. Hanson leg.; LACM.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Body length: male 13 mm (based on
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. normalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="normalis">P. cf. normalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
), female 11-17 mm. In the concept presented here,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon normalis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a very variable species in colouration. In females, three colour morphs are recognized. In the typical morph the abdomen and legs are black and the wings are blackish with a subapical yellow marking (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–47" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 36 - 47. 36 - 46 Wings of Peradon species of the bidens - group: 36 P. bidens ♂ Suriname RMNH 37 P. bispina ♂ holotype 38 P. aurifascia ♂ holotype 39 P. angustiventris ♂ Suriname RMNH 40 P. angustus ♀ neotype 41 P. flavipennis ♀ holotype 42 P. normalis var. SUR- 17 B ♀ Suriname RMNH 43 P. normalis typical var. ♀ Suriname RMNH 44 P. pompiloides ♂ holotype 45 P. pompiloides ♀ paratype 46 P. niger ♂ holotype 47 Wing of P. palpator ♂ holotype (flavofascium group)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures36-47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362280" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures36-47">Figs 43</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 119–128" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figures 119 - 128. Dorsal habitus of Peradon species (bidens group) 119 P.? normalis ♂ Brazil Rondonia LACM 120 P. normalis typical morph ♀ French Guiana RMNH 121 P. normalis red morph ♀ Brazil Para LACM 122 P. normalis SUR- 17 b morph ♀ 123 P. niger ♂ holotype 124 P. niger ♀ (holotype M. manni Shannon) 125 P. flavipennis ♀ holotype 126 P. pompiloides ♂ holotype 127 P. pompiloides ♀ paratype 128 P. bispina ♂ Brazil CNC. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures119-128" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362292" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures119-128">120</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the red morph the abdomen and legs are red, and the wings are coloured as in the typical morph (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 119–128" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figures 119 - 128. Dorsal habitus of Peradon species (bidens group) 119 P.? normalis ♂ Brazil Rondonia LACM 120 P. normalis typical morph ♀ French Guiana RMNH 121 P. normalis red morph ♀ Brazil Para LACM 122 P. normalis SUR- 17 b morph ♀ 123 P. niger ♂ holotype 124 P. niger ♀ (holotype M. manni Shannon) 125 P. flavipennis ♀ holotype 126 P. pompiloides ♂ holotype 127 P. pompiloides ♀ paratype 128 P. bispina ♂ Brazil CNC. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures119-128" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362292" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures119-128">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
|
||
). In morph SUR-17b the abdomen and legs are black, and the wings are yellow basally with a blackish subapical marking, almost a photo negative of the typical variation (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–47" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 36 - 47. 36 - 46 Wings of Peradon species of the bidens - group: 36 P. bidens ♂ Suriname RMNH 37 P. bispina ♂ holotype 38 P. aurifascia ♂ holotype 39 P. angustiventris ♂ Suriname RMNH 40 P. angustus ♀ neotype 41 P. flavipennis ♀ holotype 42 P. normalis var. SUR- 17 B ♀ Suriname RMNH 43 P. normalis typical var. ♀ Suriname RMNH 44 P. pompiloides ♂ holotype 45 P. pompiloides ♀ paratype 46 P. niger ♂ holotype 47 Wing of P. palpator ♂ holotype (flavofascium group)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures36-47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362280" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures36-47">Figs 42</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 119–128" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figures 119 - 128. Dorsal habitus of Peradon species (bidens group) 119 P.? normalis ♂ Brazil Rondonia LACM 120 P. normalis typical morph ♀ French Guiana RMNH 121 P. normalis red morph ♀ Brazil Para LACM 122 P. normalis SUR- 17 b morph ♀ 123 P. niger ♂ holotype 124 P. niger ♀ (holotype M. manni Shannon) 125 P. flavipennis ♀ holotype 126 P. pompiloides ♂ holotype 127 P. pompiloides ♀ paratype 128 P. bispina ♂ Brazil CNC. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures119-128" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362292" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures119-128">122</figureCitation>
|
||
). In all of these variations, the alula is largely bare and cell br is largely bare posteriad of the vena spuria. These characters separate
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. normalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the other species with blackish wings and subapical yellow wing markings:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bispina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bispina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. niger" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pompiloides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pompiloides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pompiloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Morph SUR-17b resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon flavipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon flavipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in wing colouration, but differs from that species by the more extensive yellow in the wing and the different position of the dark cloud in the wing, as described in the key. Additional characters distinguishing females of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. normalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from females of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pompiloides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pompiloides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pompiloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sciarus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sciarus">P. cf. sciarus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the absence of a basomedian patch of greyish pruinescence on tergite 4 (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 53–56" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 53 - 56. Tergite 4 of Peradon females 53 P. normalis typical variation (without grey pruinescence), French Guiana RMNH 54 P. normalis red variation (without grey pruinescence), Brazil LACM 55 P. pompiloides paratype (with large basomedian patch of pruinescence) 56 P. cf. sciarus (with large basal area of pruinescence) Peru CSCA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures53-56" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362282" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures53-56">Figs 53</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 53–56" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 53 - 56. Tergite 4 of Peradon females 53 P. normalis typical variation (without grey pruinescence), French Guiana RMNH 54 P. normalis red variation (without grey pruinescence), Brazil LACM 55 P. pompiloides paratype (with large basomedian patch of pruinescence) 56 P. cf. sciarus (with large basal area of pruinescence) Peru CSCA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures53-56" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362282" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures53-56">54</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the presence of greyish pruinescence on the basal 1/3 of tergite 3 (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 57–60" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 57 - 60. Tergite 2 - 3 of Peradon females in frontodorsal view 57 P. normalis typical morph, French Guiana RMNH 58 P. normalis red morph Brazil LACM 59 P. normalis SUR- 17 b morph Suriname RMNH 60 P. pompiloides paratype. Note the similar pattern of grey pruinescence on tergite 3 in all three colour morphs of P. normalis, with pruinescence limited to anterior 1 / 3 of tergite 3. In contrast, the grey pruinescence in P. pompiloides extends over a large part of tergite 3." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures57-60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362283" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures57-60">Figs 57-59</figureCitation>
|
||
). These characters are only visible when viewing from a frontal angle. The male is not known with certainty. One male specimen from Brazil (Rondonia) is here preliminarily assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. normalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="normalis">P. cf. normalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of the partly bare alula and wing cell br, and the presence of small, not interconnected yellow marks in the wing apex (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 119–128" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figures 119 - 128. Dorsal habitus of Peradon species (bidens group) 119 P.? normalis ♂ Brazil Rondonia LACM 120 P. normalis typical morph ♀ French Guiana RMNH 121 P. normalis red morph ♀ Brazil Para LACM 122 P. normalis SUR- 17 b morph ♀ 123 P. niger ♂ holotype 124 P. niger ♀ (holotype M. manni Shannon) 125 P. flavipennis ♀ holotype 126 P. pompiloides ♂ holotype 127 P. pompiloides ♀ paratype 128 P. bispina ♂ Brazil CNC. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures119-128" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362292" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures119-128">Fig. 119</figureCitation>
|
||
). Genitalia as in
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 268–273" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figures 268 - 273. Male genitalia of Peradon species 268 P. costaricensis paratype 269 P.? normalis Brazil Rondonia LACM 270 P. niger holotype 271 P. bispina holotype 272 P. pompiloides holotype 273 P. aurifascia Sao Paulo CNC." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures268-273" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362316" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures268-273">Fig. 269</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The typical colour morph and the red morph are considered conspecific because of the identical morphology, including the patterns of the wing microtrichosity. The pattern of greyish pruinescence on tergite 3 is also similar in both colour forms (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 57–60" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 57 - 60. Tergite 2 - 3 of Peradon females in frontodorsal view 57 P. normalis typical morph, French Guiana RMNH 58 P. normalis red morph Brazil LACM 59 P. normalis SUR- 17 b morph Suriname RMNH 60 P. pompiloides paratype. Note the similar pattern of grey pruinescence on tergite 3 in all three colour morphs of P. normalis, with pruinescence limited to anterior 1 / 3 of tergite 3. In contrast, the grey pruinescence in P. pompiloides extends over a large part of tergite 3." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures57-60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362283" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures57-60">Figs 57-59</figureCitation>
|
||
). A similar case of colour variation is found in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon bidens" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon bidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SUR-17b of
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 57" refId="B24" refString="Reemer, M, 2014. A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 157: 27 - 57" title="A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" volume="157" year="2014">Reemer (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the barcode is identical to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SUR-17a (see paragraph
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Barcode" lsidName="Barcode results" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="results">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barcode results</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SUR-17b does not agree in morphology and colouration with any described species, but
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SUR-17a corresponds with the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. normalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in all morphological and colour characters, except that it is smaller (body length 11 instead of 17 mm). The specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SUR-17a is identical in morphology and body size to
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SUR-17b. Both specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SUR-17a and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SUR-17b were collected at exactly the same locality within five minutes on the same day (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 57" refId="B24" refString="Reemer, M, 2014. A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 157: 27 - 57" title="A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" volume="157" year="2014">Reemer 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Combined with the identical barcodes and identical morphology this suggests that the specimens belong to the same species, so both are here assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. normalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Extra support for this conclusion is provided by the similar pattern of greyish pruinescence on tergite 3 (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 57–60" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 57 - 60. Tergite 2 - 3 of Peradon females in frontodorsal view 57 P. normalis typical morph, French Guiana RMNH 58 P. normalis red morph Brazil LACM 59 P. normalis SUR- 17 b morph Suriname RMNH 60 P. pompiloides paratype. Note the similar pattern of grey pruinescence on tergite 3 in all three colour morphs of P. normalis, with pruinescence limited to anterior 1 / 3 of tergite 3. In contrast, the grey pruinescence in P. pompiloides extends over a large part of tergite 3." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures57-60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362283" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures57-60">Figs 57-59</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
In the only male specimen assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. normalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the yellow wing markings are not interconnected, so they do not form one large subapical macula as is found in the females of the typical variation. However, such sexual dimorphism in which the yellow wing colouration is less extensive in the male is also known from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. chrysopygus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chrysopygus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. chrysopygus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. flavofascium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flavofascium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. flavofascium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. luridescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="luridescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. luridescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Whether this male specimen really belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. normalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can only be resolved based on additional material, which is currently unavailable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The only known specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon flavipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon flavipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. normalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in wing colouration. Therefore, it seems possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. flavipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flavipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. flavipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is merely a colour form of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. normalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. normalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Without any further specimens or DNA data available, however, it seems premature to change the taxonomic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. flavipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flavipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. flavipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Known from the Brazilian states
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Rondonia, French Guiana, Peru, and Suriname.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |