243 lines
31 KiB
XML
243 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="61F4A975F53B0F361BE3DF7059073E64" ID-CLB-Dataset="24567" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="21de8a76-6a04-45d4-8e81-5fb524718c58" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3586554" ID-ZooBank="85D81C2D-0B66-4C0D-B708-AAF1DAD6018B" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1576823765851" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hechinger, Ryan F." docDate="2019" docId="EF6AD37789458B24FF39FA0DFCE5FB95" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4711.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4711 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Himasthla rhigedana Dietz 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="474" masterDocId="1353AB0F89488B2BFFAEFF89FFC5FF9A" masterDocTitle="Guide to the trematodes (Platyhelminthes) that infect the California horn snail (Cerithideopsis californica: Potamididae: Gastropoda) as first intermediate host" masterLastPageNumber="494" masterPageNumber="459" pageNumber="472" updateTime="1698775255321" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E2A9AD1EBA1CBF93AE6E33402B247AE9">Guide to the trematodes (Platyhelminthes) that infect the California horn snail (Cerithideopsis californica: Potamididae: Gastropoda) as first intermediate host</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B795505F7979EC8D3B426AC9922CA864">Hechinger, Ryan F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="718C5FC0E5C73AC010F2A72A30849029">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9CB0B1B44A87A1B91D2A3275233CF84A">
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<mods:date id="998605F14DADC82AB03F1595EE53B28D">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9B9D1040FC91669E5BE922393F43F0C4">2019-12-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AEFF32AFF815660F551B536C9672B308">4711</mods:number>
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<treatment id="EF6AD37789458B24FF39FA0DFCE5FB95" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160797600" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EF6AD37789458B24FF39FA0DFCE5FB95" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF6AD37789458B24FF39FA0DFCE5FB95" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="474" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
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<subSubSection id="2FD931EA89458B26FF39FA0DFE6DFA59" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="677C626189458B26FF39FA0DFE27FA04" blockId="13.[151,482,1412,1475]" box="[151,482,1412,1439]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
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<heading id="3C34D50D89458B26FF39FA0DFE27FA04" bold="true" box="[151,482,1412,1439]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289458B26FF39FA0DFE27FA04" authority="Dietz" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,482,1412,1439]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Himasthla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rhigedana">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FF39FA0DFE27FA04" bold="true" box="[151,482,1412,1439]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FF39FA0DFE5FFA05" bold="true" box="[151,410,1412,1439]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">Himasthla rhigedana</emphasis>
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Dietz
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189458B26FF39FA21FE6DFA59" blockId="13.[151,482,1412,1475]" box="[151,424,1448,1475]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
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(6. Hirh;
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<figureCitation id="FFF87EE489458B26FF51FA21FE8EFA59" box="[255,331,1448,1475]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1428,1453]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,522,1400]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,522,1400]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. General characteristics of the parthenitae and cercariae of the trematodes infecting Cerithideopsis californica as first intermediate host. Species numbers and codes follow Table 1 and species accounts. Cercariae are all to scale, with additional magnified views of six small species (indicated by dashed lines). Note the oral stylets (presented in right lateral view) for Pruc and Smmi. Parthenitae are not to scale. Scale bars consistently indicate 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586556/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="FFF87EE489458B26FEF7FA21FE64FA59" box="[345,417,1448,1475]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–26" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1615,1640]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,179,1587]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,179,1587]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 23–26. Himasthla rhigedana (Hirh). 23, Overview of a colony in a freshly deshelled, infected horn snail in sea water. The arrow indicates the colony, which is localized in the gonadal region. Scale bar = 1 cm. Base photo credit: Todd Huspeni. 24, Reproductive redia, live, with developing cercariae, under coverslip pressure. Scale bar = 500 µm. 25, Soldier redia, live. Scale bar = 100 µm. Base photo credit:Ana Garcia-Vedrenne. 26, Cercariae, live, under coverslip pressure. Scale bar = 200 µm. Base photo credit: Todd Huspeni." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586574/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">23–26</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2FD931EA89458B26FF39FA79FDE9F80D" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="677C626189458B26FF39FA79FB66F9EC" blockId="13.[151,1437,1520,1943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FF39FA79FED1F991" bold="true" box="[151,276,1520,1547]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FEB0FA79FE6CF990" box="[286,425,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">Parthenitae.</emphasis>
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Colony comprised of active rediae, densely concentrated in snail gonad region. Rediae translucent white to colorless, often with prominent pigmented gut; when filled with cercariae, rediae appear opaque white with scattered black pigment (actually, the cercariae’s anterior pigment); ~
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<quantity id="A03BCF8489458B26FB9BF9B0FB26F9C9" box="[1077,1251,1593,1619]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" unit="mm" value="1500.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="1300.0">1300–1700 µm</quantity>
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long, oblong to elongate (length:width up to ~6:1), with posterior appendages that are often not pronounced.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189458B26FF69F908FBDCF978" blockId="13.[151,1437,1520,1943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FF69F908FEF6F901" box="[199,307,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289458B26FF69F908FEEAF901" authorityName="O.F.Muller" authorityYear="1773" box="[199,303,1665,1691]" class="Trematoda" family="Colepidae" genus="Cercaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Cercaria</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Body opaque white with black pigment between and around eyespots; oculate; with oral and ventral sucker; with main excretory ducts forming a tall “v” in which the anteriorly extending branches greatly narrow anterior to ventral sucker; body ~
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<quantity id="A03BCF8489458B26FE5FF941FD8CF979" box="[497,585,1736,1763]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" unit="mm" value="600.0">600 µm</quantity>
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long, ~equal in length to tail; tail simple.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189458B26FF69F965FB25F8B0" blockId="13.[151,1437,1520,1943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FF69F965FE6EF89D" bold="true" box="[199,427,1772,1799]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289458B26FF69F965FEF5F89D" authorityName="O.F.Muller" authorityYear="1773" box="[199,304,1772,1799]" class="Trematoda" family="Colepidae" genus="Cercaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Cercaria</taxonomicName>
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behavior:
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</emphasis>
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Fresh, emerged cercariae remain in water column, swim ~continuously, lashing tail back and forth, forming a figure 8, and will often encyst on dissection dish or in pipette during transfer.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189458B26FF69F8BDFDE9F80D" blockId="13.[151,1437,1520,1943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FF69F8BDFE46F8D5" bold="true" box="[199,387,1844,1871]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">Similar species:</emphasis>
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Hirh is readily separated from all the other echinostomatoids by having pigmented eyespots. It is easily separated from the notocotylid Cajo [4] by having a ventral sucker, a spined collar, and the redia colony being localized in the visceral mass.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="33BC32E989468B25FF39F9C6FE71F962" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586574" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3586574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586574/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="473" startId="14.[151,264,1615,1640]" targetBox="[154,1434,179,1587]" targetPageId="14">
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<paragraph id="677C626189468B25FF39F9C6FE71F962" blockId="14.[151,1437,1615,1784]" pageId="14" pageNumber="473">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389468B25FF39F9C6FE96F9F2" bold="true" box="[151,339,1615,1640]" pageId="14" pageNumber="473">FIGURES 23–26.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289468B25FEF6F9C6FDB3F9F2" authority="(Hirh)" authorityName="Hirh" baseAuthorityName="Hirh" box="[344,630,1615,1640]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Himasthla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="14" pageNumber="473" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rhigedana">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389468B25FEF6F9C6FDEAF9FD" box="[344,559,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="473">Himasthla rhigedana</emphasis>
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(Hirh)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389468B25FDD0F9C6FD52F9F2" bold="true" box="[638,663,1615,1640]" pageId="14" pageNumber="473">23</emphasis>
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, Overview of a colony in a freshly deshelled, infected horn snail in sea water. The arrow indicates the colony, which is localized in the gonadal region. Scale bar = 1 cm. Base photo credit: Todd Huspeni.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389468B25FAD3F9FAFA53F916" bold="true" box="[1405,1430,1651,1676]" pageId="14" pageNumber="473">24</emphasis>
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, Reproductive redia, live, with developing cercariae, under coverslip pressure. Scale bar = 500 µm.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389468B25FBD1F91EFB5DF92A" bold="true" box="[1151,1176,1687,1712]" pageId="14" pageNumber="473">25</emphasis>
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, Soldier redia, live. Scale bar = 100 µm. Base photo credit: Ana Garcia-Vedrenne.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389468B25FD7FF932FD2FF94E" bold="true" box="[721,746,1723,1748]" pageId="14" pageNumber="473">26</emphasis>
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, Cercariae, live, under coverslip pressure. Scale bar = 200 µm. Base photo credit: Todd Huspeni.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="2FD931EA89468B24FF69F8AFFCE5FB95" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="474" pageId="14" pageNumber="473" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="677C626189468B25FF69F8AFFE26F84A" blockId="14.[151,1436,1830,2000]" pageId="14" pageNumber="473">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389468B25FF69F8AFFEF8F8DA" bold="true" box="[199,317,1830,1856]" pageId="14" pageNumber="473">Remarks:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089468B25FEEAF8AFFDACF8DB" author="Adams, J. E. & Martin, W. E." box="[324,617,1830,1857]" pageId="14" pageNumber="473" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref19437" refString="Adams, J. E. & Martin, W. E. (1963) Life cycle of Himasthla rhigedana Dietz, 1909 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 82, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3223814" type="journal article" year="1963">Adams and Martin (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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demonstrated the life cycle. They described miracidia, rediae, cercariae, metacercariae from experimentally infected horn snails, and adults from experimentally infected young domestic chickens.
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<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089468B25FEA9F8E7FDE8F813" author="Adams, J. E. & Martin, W. E." box="[263,557,1902,1929]" pageId="14" pageNumber="473" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref19437" refString="Adams, J. E. & Martin, W. E. (1963) Life cycle of Himasthla rhigedana Dietz, 1909 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 82, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3223814" type="journal article" year="1963">Adams and Martin (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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identified the adults as
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289468B25FC93F8E7FBE8F812" box="[829,1069,1902,1928]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Himasthla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="14" pageNumber="473" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rhigedana">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389468B25FC93F8E7FBE8F812" box="[829,1069,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="473">Himasthla rhigedana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which was originally described from naturally occurring adults from birds in
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<collectingCountry id="1FD422F189468B25FD3DF81BFD2FF836" box="[659,746,1938,1964]" name="Tunisia" pageId="14" pageNumber="473">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
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. This suggests that
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289468B25FC6CF81AFB92F836" box="[962,1111,1938,1964]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Himasthla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="14" pageNumber="473" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rhigedana">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389468B25FC6CF81AFC13F836" box="[962,982,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="473">H</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389468B25FC4AF81BFB92F836" box="[996,1111,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="473">rhigedana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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represents a globally distributed cryptic species complex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189478B24FF69FF10FA5CFE5A" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">
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<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FF69FF10FEBEFF2E" author="Deblock, S." box="[199,379,153,180]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="127 - 134" refId="ref19723" refString="Deblock, S. (1966) Sur deux especes d'Echinostomes Himasthlinae (Trematodes) de Charadriiformes. Description d' Aporchis mozambiquus n. sp. Memoires du Museum national dhistoire naturelle, Serie A, Zoologie, 41, 127 - 134." type="journal article" year="1966">Deblock (1966)</bibRefCitation>
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felt that the collar spine pattern of this species, as illustrated in
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<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FBC7FF10FA52FF2E" author="Adams, J. E. & Martin, W. E." box="[1129,1431,153,180]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref19437" refString="Adams, J. E. & Martin, W. E. (1963) Life cycle of Himasthla rhigedana Dietz, 1909 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 82, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3223814" type="journal article" year="1963">Adams and Martin (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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, differed from the pattern characterizing
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289478B24FDF2FF37FD37FF4D" box="[604,754,189,215]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Himasthla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rhigedana">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389478B24FDF2FF37FDB5FF4D" box="[604,624,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">H</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389478B24FDD1FF34FD37FF4D" box="[639,754,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">rhigedana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(based on Dietz’s original description and on Deblock’s observations). Deblock therefore proposed a new name for this species,
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289478B24FC1CFF56FBABFF62" box="[946,1134,222,249]" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" genus="Euhaplorchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="californiensis">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389478B24FC1CFF56FC03FF62" box="[946,966,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">H</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389478B24FC78FF57FBABFF62" box="[982,1134,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">californiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This nomenclatural act is not widely known, and the species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289478B24FD94FE89FD10FE80" box="[570,725,256,282]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithideopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389478B24FD94FE89FD88FE80" box="[570,589,256,282]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389478B24FDF4FE89FD10FE80" box="[602,725,256,282]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has typically been referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289478B24FBEBFE89FB1FFE80" box="[1093,1242,256,282]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Himasthla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rhigedana">
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389478B24FBEBFE89FB9CFE83" box="[1093,1113,256,281]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389478B24FBC9FE89FB1FFE80" box="[1127,1242,256,282]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">rhigedana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further, I do not adopt Deblock’s proposed name, as the supposed difference is based on an illustration in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FBDDFEA8FA52FEA6" author="Adams, J. E. & Martin, W. E." box="[1139,1431,289,316]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref19437" refString="Adams, J. E. & Martin, W. E. (1963) Life cycle of Himasthla rhigedana Dietz, 1909 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 82, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3223814" type="journal article" year="1963">Adams and Martin (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and that illustration does not adequately depict the spine pattern as we have observed it or as it is figured in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FAE3FECAFE55FEE4" author="Maxon, M. G. & Pequegnat, W. E." pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="30 - 55" refId="ref22284" refString="Maxon, M. G. & Pequegnat, W. E. (1949) Cercariae from upper Newport Bay. Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 41, 30 - 55." type="journal article" year="1949">Maxon and Pequegnat (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The discrepancy with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FD3CFEEDFC1BFEE4" author="Maxon, M. G. & Pequegnat, W. E." box="[658,990,355,382]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="30 - 55" refId="ref22284" refString="Maxon, M. G. & Pequegnat, W. E. (1949) Cercariae from upper Newport Bay. Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 41, 30 - 55." type="journal article" year="1949">Maxon and Pequegnat (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is particularly important, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FAB0FEEAFEF1FE3A" author="Adams, J. E. & Martin, W. E." pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref19437" refString="Adams, J. E. & Martin, W. E. (1963) Life cycle of Himasthla rhigedana Dietz, 1909 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 82, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3223814" type="journal article" year="1963">Adams and Martin (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote that they and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FDBBFE0CFC9BFE05" author="Maxon, M. G. & Pequegnat, W. E." box="[533,862,389,415]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="30 - 55" refId="ref22284" refString="Maxon, M. G. & Pequegnat, W. E. (1949) Cercariae from upper Newport Bay. Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 41, 30 - 55." type="journal article" year="1949">Maxon and Pequegnat (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
dealt with the same species. Careful morphological and molecular work would resolve this issue, including whether cryptic species explain some of the discrepancies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="677C626189478B24FF69FE4EFCD9FD99" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">
|
||
This species corresponds to “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289478B24FDA4FE41FDBAFE78" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[522,639,456,482]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Himasthla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389478B24FDA4FE41FDBAFE78" box="[522,639,456,482]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">Himasthla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.” of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FD7DFE41FCB6FE78" author="Hunter, W. S." box="[723,883,456,482]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" refId="ref20845" refString="Hunter, W. S. (1942) Studies on cercariae of the common mud-flat snail, Cerithidea californica. University of California, Los Angeles, 128 pp." type="book" year="1942">Hunter (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, “Echinostome I of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FBE3FE41FA52FE78" author="Maxon, M. G. & Pequegnat, W. E." box="[1101,1431,455,482]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="30 - 55" refId="ref22284" refString="Maxon, M. G. & Pequegnat, W. E. (1949) Cercariae from upper Newport Bay. Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 41, 30 - 55." type="journal article" year="1949">Maxon and Pequegnat (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and the “large pigmented echinostome” of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FDD9FE60FCDCFD99" author="Martin, W. E." box="[631,793,488,515]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="203 - 210" refId="ref21967" refString="Martin, W. E. (1955) Seasonal infections of the snail, Cerithidea californica Haldeman, with larval trematodes. In: Essays in Natural Science in Honor of Captain Alan Hancock on the occasion of his birthday. University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles, California, pp. 203 - 210." type="book chapter" year="1955">Martin (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="677C626189478B24FF69FD82FD56FDDC" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">
|
||
Mature, ripe colonies comprise ~23% the soft-tissue weight of an infected snail (summer-time estimate derived from information in [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FE2DFDA2FDBAFDDC" author="Hechinger, R. F. & Lafferty, K. D. & Mancini III, F. T. & Warner, R. R. & Kuris, A. M." box="[387,639,555,582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="651 - 667" refId="ref20498" refString="Hechinger, R. F., Lafferty, K. D., Mancini III, F. T., Warner, R. R. & Kuris, A. M. (2009) How large is the hand in the puppet? Ecological and evolutionary factors affecting body mass of 15 trematode parasitic castrators in their snail host. Evolutionary Ecology, 23, 651 - 667. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10682 - 008 - 9262 - 4" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Hechinger
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389478B24FDACFDA5FDF6FDDC" box="[514,563,556,582]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="677C626189478B24FF69FDC4FA87FDFD" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,1039]" box="[199,1346,589,616]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">
|
||
Hirh infection causes (stolen) snail bodies to grow ~
|
||
<date id="137D44A189478B24FCBFFDC4FCEBFDFD" box="[785,814,589,615]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">2x</date>
|
||
faster than uninfected snails (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FBD2FDC4FAF3FDFD" author="Hechinger, R. F." box="[1148,1334,589,615]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref20237" refString="Hechinger, R. F. (2010) Mortality affects adaptive allocation to growth and reproduction: field evidence from a guild of body snatchers. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10 (136), 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 10 - 136" type="journal article" year="2010">Hechinger 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="677C626189478B24FF69FDE7FE67FD30" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">
|
||
This species has a caste of soldier rediae (noted in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FD5CFDE7FBC4FD13" author="Hechinger, R. F. & Wood, A. C. & Kuris, A. M." box="[754,1025,622,649]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="656 - 665" refId="ref20780" refString="Hechinger, R. F., Wood, A. C. & Kuris, A. M. (2011 b) Social organization in a flatworm: trematode parasites form soldier and reproductive castes. Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological sciences, 278, 656 - 665. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2010.1753" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Hechinger
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389478B24FCC3FDE6FC58FD12" box="[877,925,622,648]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and carefully documented in Garcia- Vedrenne
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389478B24FEA6FD19FEFCFD30" box="[264,313,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. [2016]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="677C626189478B24FF69FD38FAD9FD51" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,1039]" box="[199,1308,689,716]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FF69FD38FEB8FD56" author="Nadakal, A. M." box="[199,381,689,716]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="475 - 481" refId="ref22447" refString="Nadakal, A. M. (1960 a) Chemical nature of cercarial eye-spot and other tissue pigments. Journal of Parasitology, 46, 475 - 481. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3275140" type="journal article" year="1960">Nadakal (1960a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;b) presents information on the pigments of the rediae and cercariae of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="677C626189478B24FF69FD5CFAB8FC89" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">
|
||
As part of one of the first studies documenting the syncytial nature of trematode integuments,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FB42FD5CFF27FC8E" author="Bils, R. F. & Martin, W. E." pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="78 - 88" refId="ref19555" refString="Bils, R. F. & Martin, W. E. (1966) Fine Structure and Development of the Trematode Integument. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 85, 78 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3224777" type="journal article" year="1966">Bils and Martin (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined the fine structure and development of the tegument for the rediae and cercariae of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="677C626189478B24FF39FC94FB23FCAD" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,1039]" box="[151,1254,797,823]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">
|
||
Dimitrov
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389478B24FEABFC97FEF3FCAD" box="[261,310,797,823]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001) characterize the distribution of cercaria tegumental papillae for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="677C626189478B24FF69FCC8FD66FC5D" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FF69FCC8FE2AFCC1" author="Oates, J. & Fingerut, J." box="[199,495,833,859]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="1181 - 1183" refId="ref22593" refString="Oates, J. & Fingerut, J. (2011) Internal Movement of Estuarine Digenetic Trematodes Through Their Intermediate Snail Host Cerithidea californica. Journal of Parasitology, 97, 1181 - 1183. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / GE- 2766.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Oates and Fingerut (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used histology to carefully document what is readily observed in fresh dissections: that Hirh cercaria, like most or all of the trematodes in the guild, make their way to, and accumulate in, the host snail’s perirectal sinus before exiting the host. The authors used videography to document that the cercariae exit snail tissues from an area near the snail’s anus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="677C626189478B24FF69FC58FCE5FB95" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FF69FC58FE0FFC71" author="Fingerut, J. T. & Zimmer, C. A. & Zimmer, R. K." box="[199,458,977,1003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="2502 - 2515" refId="ref19848" refString="Fingerut, J. T., Zimmer, C. A. & Zimmer, R. K. (2003 a) Larval swimming overpowers turbulent mixing and facilitates transmission of a marine parasite. Ecology, 84, 2502 - 2515. https: // doi. org / 10.1890 / 02 - 4035" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Fingerut
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389478B24FE81FC5BFEA6FC71" box="[303,355,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2003a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089478B24FDABFC58FD32FC71" author="Zimmer, R. K. & Fingerut, J. T. & Zimmer, C. A." box="[517,759,977,1003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="474" pagination="1933 - 1947" refId="ref23313" refString="Zimmer, R. K., Fingerut, J. T. & Zimmer, C. A. (2009) Dispersal pathways, seed rains, and the dynamics of larval behavior. Ecology, 90, 1933 - 1947. https: // doi. org / 10.1890 / 08 - 0786.1" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Zimmer
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389478B24FDC6FC5BFD59FC71" box="[616,668,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="474">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined several behavioral and environmental aspects of cercaria emergence and dispersal ecology for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |