247 lines
30 KiB
XML
247 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="A95259B778EFFDEBB36A13CBB795DA9B" ID-CLB-Dataset="24567" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="21de8a76-6a04-45d4-8e81-5fb524718c58" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3586554" ID-ZooBank="85D81C2D-0B66-4C0D-B708-AAF1DAD6018B" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1576823765851" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hechinger, Ryan F." docDate="2019" docId="EF6AD37789448B26FF39FF10FB65FAA9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4711.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4711 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Acanthoparyphium spinulosum Johnston" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="472" masterDocId="1353AB0F89488B2BFFAEFF89FFC5FF9A" masterDocTitle="Guide to the trematodes (Platyhelminthes) that infect the California horn snail (Cerithideopsis californica: Potamididae: Gastropoda) as first intermediate host" masterLastPageNumber="494" masterPageNumber="459" pageNumber="471" updateTime="1698775255321" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A3A1F02EC8FDC0D97B0B4AB3EA93B62E">Guide to the trematodes (Platyhelminthes) that infect the California horn snail (Cerithideopsis californica: Potamididae: Gastropoda) as first intermediate host</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1E46A00543304E8A5A7ED0D6C9B4B014">Hechinger, Ryan F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7963EA69B53C836DCAF28595835FF126">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E309FD50516F9A71A6127717D400F63B">
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<mods:date id="10195112052A11509B312C8A24D9784A">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5462C75757714797F15F116601D420EB">2019-12-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="25BC487F543ACB1AB2C7F28512E664CB">4711</mods:number>
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<treatment id="EF6AD37789448B26FF39FF10FB65FAA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5665012" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160797602" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5665012" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EF6AD37789448B26FF39FF10FB65FAA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF6AD37789448B26FF39FF10FB65FAA9" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">
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<subSubSection id="2FD931EA89448B27FF39FF10FE68FF4D" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="677C626189448B27FF39FF10FD4AFF2E" blockId="12.[151,655,153,216]" box="[151,655,153,180]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">
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<heading id="3C34D50D89448B27FF39FF10FD4AFF2E" bold="true" box="[151,655,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289448B27FF39FF10FD4AFF2E" authority="Johnston" authorityName="Johnston" box="[151,655,153,180]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Acanthoparyphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389448B27FF39FF10FD4AFF2E" bold="true" box="[151,655,153,180]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389448B27FF39FF10FDD0FF2E" bold="true" box="[151,533,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">Acanthoparyphium spinulosum</emphasis>
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Johnston
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189448B27FF39FF34FE68FF4D" blockId="12.[151,655,153,216]" box="[151,429,189,216]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">
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(5. Acsp;
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<figureCitation id="FFF87EE489448B27FEADFF34FE95FF4D" box="[259,336,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1428,1453]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,522,1400]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,522,1400]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. General characteristics of the parthenitae and cercariae of the trematodes infecting Cerithideopsis californica as first intermediate host. Species numbers and codes follow Table 1 and species accounts. Cercariae are all to scale, with additional magnified views of six small species (indicated by dashed lines). Note the oral stylets (presented in right lateral view) for Pruc and Smmi. Parthenitae are not to scale. Scale bars consistently indicate 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586556/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="FFF87EE489448B27FEF0FF34FE61FF4D" box="[350,420,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–22" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1831,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,560,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,559,1803]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 19–22. Acanthoparyphium spinulosum (Acsp). 19, Overview of a colony in a freshly deshelled, infected horn snail in sea water. The arrow indicates the colony, which is localized in the gonadal region. Note the prominent white areas, which are masses of cercariae that have left the orange rediae. Scale bar = 1 cm. Base photo credit: Todd Huspeni. 20, Reproductive rediae, live, with developing cercariae, under coverslip pressure. Scale bar = 100 µm. 21, Soldier redia, live. Scale bar = 100 µm. Base photo credit: Ana Garcia-Vedrenne. 22, Cercariae, live, under coverslip pressure. Scale bar = 100 µm. Base photo credit: Todd Huspeni." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586572/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">19–22</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2FD931EA89448B26FF39FE8CFBCBFE85" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="677C626189448B27FF39FE8CFB99FEFD" blockId="12.[151,1437,261,539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389448B27FF39FE8CFED1FEBA" bold="true" box="[151,276,261,288]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389448B27FEB0FE8CFE6CFE85" box="[286,425,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">Parthenitae.</emphasis>
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Colony comprised of active rediae, densely concentrated in snail gonad region. Rediae translucent orange, yellow, or colorless; redial gut often yellow; ~
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<quantity id="A03BCF8489448B27FCD8FEA0FBC2FEDE" box="[886,1031,297,324]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" unit="mm" value="650.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="400.0">400–900 µm</quantity>
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long, ovoid to oblong (length:width typically <3.5:1), with collar and posterior appendages that are often not pronounced.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189448B27FF69FEFBFC93FE49" blockId="12.[151,1437,261,539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389448B27FF69FEFBFEF6FE16" box="[199,307,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289448B27FF69FEFBFEEAFE16" authorityName="O.F.Muller" authorityYear="1773" box="[199,303,370,396]" class="Trematoda" family="Colepidae" genus="Cercaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Cercaria</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Body translucent colorless, often with opaque and refringent white granules in distinctive, pinnately branched excretory system; non-oculate; with oral and ventral sucker; with two lateral pinnately branched excretory ducts; body ~
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<quantity id="A03BCF8489448B27FE80FE30FE43FE4E" box="[302,390,441,468]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" unit="mm" value="320.0">320 µm</quantity>
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long, ~equal in length to tail; tail simple.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189448B27FF69FE54FEC0FD81" blockId="12.[151,1437,261,539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389448B27FF69FE54FE6EFE62" bold="true" box="[199,427,477,504]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289448B27FF69FE54FEF5FE62" authorityName="O.F.Muller" authorityYear="1773" box="[199,304,477,504]" class="Trematoda" family="Colepidae" genus="Cercaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Cercaria</taxonomicName>
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behavior:
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</emphasis>
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Fresh, emerged cercariae remain in water column, swim ~continuously, lashing tail back and forth.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="33BC32E989448B27FF39F8AEFEB1F86E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586572" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3586572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586572/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" startId="12.[151,264,1831,1856]" targetBox="[151,1436,560,1803]" targetPageId="12">
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<paragraph id="677C626189448B27FF39F8AEFEB1F86E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1831,2036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389448B27FF39F8AEFE91F8DA" bold="true" box="[151,340,1831,1856]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">FIGURES 19–22.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289448B27FEF5F8AEFD20F8A5" authority="(Acsp)" authorityName="Acsp" baseAuthorityName="Acsp" box="[347,741,1831,1855]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Acanthoparyphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389448B27FEF5F8AEFD52F8A5" box="[347,663,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">Acanthoparyphium spinulosum</emphasis>
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(Acsp)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389448B27FD41F8AEFCCDF8DA" bold="true" box="[751,776,1831,1856]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">19</emphasis>
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, Overview of a colony in a freshly deshelled, infected horn snail in sea water. The arrow indicates the colony, which is localized in the gonadal region. Note the prominent white areas, which are masses of cercariae that have left the orange rediae. Scale bar = 1 cm. Base photo credit: Todd Huspeni.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389448B27FB43F8E6FAC3F812" bold="true" box="[1261,1286,1903,1928]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">20</emphasis>
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, Reproductive rediae, live, with developing cercariae, under coverslip pressure. Scale bar = 100 µm.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389448B27FBA0F81AFBE2F836" bold="true" box="[1038,1063,1939,1964]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">21</emphasis>
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, Soldier redia, live. Scale bar = 100 µm. Base photo credit: Ana Garcia-Vedrenne.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389448B27FDD9F83EFD55F84A" bold="true" box="[631,656,1975,2000]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">22</emphasis>
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, Cercariae, live, under coverslip pressure. Scale bar = 100 µm. Base photo credit: Todd Huspeni.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="677C626189458B26FF69FF11FBCBFE85" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1331]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FF69FF11FE44FF29" bold="true" box="[199,385,152,179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">Similar species:</emphasis>
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The Acsp cercaria is readily separated from the other himasthlids by its pronounced pinnatelybranched excretory system. It is readily distinguished from Hisb [7] by lacking a tail fin; Acsp is also often smaller than Hisb, but there is overlap, so this is not a consistently reliable distinguishing trait. Acsp’s collar spine count of 23 is also diagnostic, but seeing this requires mounting at the compound scope.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2FD931EA89458B26FF69FEA0FB65FAA9" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="677C626189458B26FF69FEA0FF0AFE48" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1331]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FF69FEA0FEF8FED9" bold="true" box="[199,317,297,323]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">Remarks:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089458B26FEEBFEA1FDA2FED9" author="Martin, W. E. & Adams, J. E." box="[325,615,296,323]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" pagination="777 - 782" refId="ref22233" refString="Martin, W. E. & Adams, J. E. (1961) Life Cycle of Acanthoparyphium spinulosum Johnston, 1917 (Echinostomatidae: Trematoda). The Journal of Parasitology, 47, 777 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3275470" type="journal article" year="1961">Martin and Adams (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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document the life cycle. They described miracidia, rediae, cercariae, and metacercariae from experimentally infected horn snails, and adults from experimentally infected young domestic chickens. They identified the adults as
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289458B26FDE2FEF9FC6CFE10" box="[588,937,368,394]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Acanthoparyphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FDE2FEF9FC6CFE10" box="[588,937,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">Acanthoparyphium spinulosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which was originally described from adults naturally occurring in Australian birds, indicating
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289458B26FD6FFE1CFC9AFE34" box="[705,863,404,431]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Acanthoparyphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FD6FFE1CFD17FE35" box="[705,722,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">A</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FD71FE1DFC9AFE34" box="[735,863,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">spinulosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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likely represents a broadly distributed species complex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189458B26FF69FE55FB09FC19" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1331]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
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There are almost certainly at least two cryptic species subsumed within
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289458B26FC4DFE54FB44FE6C" box="[995,1153,476,503]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Acanthoparyphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FC4DFE54FC31FE6D" box="[995,1012,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">A</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FBAFFE55FB44FE6C" box="[1025,1153,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">spinulosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of
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<collectingRegion id="A507AC8389458B26FB0AFE55FAD3FE6C" box="[1188,1302,476,502]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">California</collectingRegion>
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horn snails, but we have not yet determined clear morphological traits to distinguish them.
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<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089458B26FBB6FD89FB73FD81" author="Martin, W. E." box="[1048,1206,512,539]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" pagination="39 - 43" refId="ref22195" refString="Martin, W. E. (1972) An annotated key to the cercariae that develop in the snail Cerithidea californica. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 71, 39 - 43." type="journal article" year="1972">Martin (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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included two
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289458B26FAF7FD88FEF1FDA4" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Acanthoparyphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FAF7FD88FEF1FDA4" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">Acanthoparyphium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species in his key:
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289458B26FDA0FDACFD68FDA4" box="[526,685,548,575]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Acanthoparyphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FDA0FDACFDDAFDA5" box="[526,543,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">A</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FD83FDADFD68FDA4" box="[557,685,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">spinulosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and “
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289458B26FD5EFDADFC02FDA4" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[752,967,548,574]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Acanthoparyphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FD5EFDADFC02FDA4" box="[752,967,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">Acanthoparyphium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.”, which he reported as having smaller cercaria than
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289458B26FE9FFDC0FE17FDF8" box="[305,466,584,611]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Acanthoparyphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FE9FFDC0FE87FDF9" box="[305,322,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FEFCFDC1FE17FDF8" box="[338,466,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">spinulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and as forming metacercariae within polychaetes and snail feces. Similarly, we have regularly noted natural and experimental infections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289458B26FCBBFDE5FC29FD1C" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[789,1004,620,646]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Acanthoparyphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FCBBFDE5FC29FD1C" box="[789,1004,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">Acanthoparyphium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
metacercariae in both bivalves, horn snails, and polychaetes (but never in feces) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089458B26FD38FD19FC51FD31" author="Hechinger, R. F. & Lafferty, K. D. & Huspeni, T. C. & Brooks, A. & Kuris, A. M." box="[662,916,656,683]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" pagination="82 - 92" refId="ref20352" refString="Hechinger, R. F., Lafferty, K. D., Huspeni, T. C., Brooks, A. & Kuris, A. M. (2007) Can parasites be indicators of free-living diversity? Relationships between the species richness and abundance of larval trematodes with that of local fishes and benthos. Oecologia, 151, 82 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00442 - 006 - 0568 - z" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Hechinger
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FCB8FD18FC8CFD30" box="[790,841,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089458B26FC0CFD18FB47FD31" author="Nguyen, A. T. & Kuwata, C. & Kuris, A. M." box="[930,1154,656,683]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" pagination="2015 - 2021" refId="ref22529" refString="Nguyen, A. T., Kuwata, C. & Kuris, A. M. (2015) A synthetic workflow for coordinated direct observation and genetic tagging applied to a complex host-parasite interaction. Parasitology Research, 114, 2015 - 2021. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 015 - 4437 - 8" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Nguyen
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FBAAFD18FBF2FD30" box="[1028,1079,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Hechinger, unpublished data). This disparate host use may reflect one or more cryptic species, each of which would have more restricted host use. Additionally, DNA sequence data indicates the existence of cryptic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289458B26FC54FD51FB14FD68" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1909" box="[1018,1233,728,754]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Acanthoparyphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FC54FD51FB14FD68" box="[1018,1233,728,754]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">Acanthoparyphium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A507AC8389458B26FA85FD51FA58FD68" box="[1323,1437,728,754]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
horn snails (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089458B26FE8EFD74FE38FC8D" author="Nguyen, A. T. & Kuwata, C. & Kuris, A. M." box="[288,509,764,791]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" pagination="2015 - 2021" refId="ref22529" refString="Nguyen, A. T., Kuwata, C. & Kuris, A. M. (2015) A synthetic workflow for coordinated direct observation and genetic tagging applied to a complex host-parasite interaction. Parasitology Research, 114, 2015 - 2021. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 015 - 4437 - 8" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Nguyen
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FE2CFD74FE71FC8C" box="[386,436,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Miura, Torchin, & Hechinger, unpublished data). However, the sequence data has not been connected to specimens suitable for morphological examination, and results of experimental infections have been ambiguous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089458B26FE32FCCCFDBEFCC5" author="Nguyen, A. T. & Kuwata, C. & Kuris, A. M." box="[412,635,836,863]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" pagination="2015 - 2021" refId="ref22529" refString="Nguyen, A. T., Kuwata, C. & Kuris, A. M. (2015) A synthetic workflow for coordinated direct observation and genetic tagging applied to a complex host-parasite interaction. Parasitology Research, 114, 2015 - 2021. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 015 - 4437 - 8" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Nguyen
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FE50FCCCFDF4FCC4" box="[510,561,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Hechinger, unpublished data). Hence, research is called for to resolve the existence of, morphological differences of, and host use by cryptic species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289458B26FB89FCE0FB03FC18" box="[1063,1222,872,899]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Acanthoparyphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FB89FCE0FBFDFC19" box="[1063,1080,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FBE8FCE1FB03FC18" box="[1094,1222,872,898]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">spinulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="677C626189458B26FF69FC05FB5EFC3D" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1331]" box="[199,1179,908,935]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
|
||
This species almost certainly corresponds to the “small echinostome” of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089458B26FC58FC05FB5DFC3D" author="Martin, W. E." box="[1014,1176,908,935]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" pagination="203 - 210" refId="ref21967" refString="Martin, W. E. (1955) Seasonal infections of the snail, Cerithidea californica Haldeman, with larval trematodes. In: Essays in Natural Science in Honor of Captain Alan Hancock on the occasion of his birthday. University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles, California, pp. 203 - 210." type="book chapter" year="1955">Martin (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="677C626189458B26FF69FC38FD56FC75" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1331]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
|
||
Mature, ripe colonies comprise ~20% the soft-tissue weight of an infected snail (summer-time estimate derived from information in [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089458B26FE2DFC5DFDBAFC75" author="Hechinger, R. F. & Lafferty, K. D. & Mancini III, F. T. & Warner, R. R. & Kuris, A. M." box="[387,639,980,1007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" pagination="651 - 667" refId="ref20498" refString="Hechinger, R. F., Lafferty, K. D., Mancini III, F. T., Warner, R. R. & Kuris, A. M. (2009) How large is the hand in the puppet? Ecological and evolutionary factors affecting body mass of 15 trematode parasitic castrators in their snail host. Evolutionary Ecology, 23, 651 - 667. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10682 - 008 - 9262 - 4" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Hechinger
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FDACFC5CFDF6FC74" box="[514,563,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="677C626189458B26FF69FC70FA42FB89" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1331]" box="[199,1415,1016,1043]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
|
||
Acsp infection causes (stolen) snail bodies to grow over 1.5x faster than uninfected snails (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089458B26FB6FFC71FABEFB89" author="Hechinger, R. F." box="[1217,1403,1016,1043]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref20237" refString="Hechinger, R. F. (2010) Mortality affects adaptive allocation to growth and reproduction: field evidence from a guild of body snatchers. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10 (136), 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 10 - 136" type="journal article" year="2010">Hechinger 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="677C626189458B26FF69FB95FC2CFBAD" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1331]" box="[199,1001,1052,1079]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
|
||
This species has a caste of soldier rediae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089458B26FD35FB95FC18FBAD" author="Garcia-Vedrenne, A. E. & Quintana, A. C. E. & DeRogatis, A. M. & Martyn, K. & Kuris, A. M. & Hechinger, R. F." box="[667,989,1052,1079]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" pagination="11 - 20" refId="ref20112" refString="Garcia-Vedrenne, A. E., Quintana, A. C. E., DeRogatis, A. M., Martyn, K., Kuris, A. M. & Hechinger, R. F. (2016) Social Organization in Parasitic Flatworms-Four Additional Echinostomoid Trematodes Have a Soldier Caste and One Does Not. Journal of Parasitology, 102, 11 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / 15 - 853" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Garcia-Vedrenne
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FCCFFB94FC56FBAC" box="[865,915,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="677C626189458B26FF69FBC9FE87FBE5" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1331]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089458B26FF69FBC9FE41FBC1" author="Nadakal, A. M." box="[199,388,1088,1115]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" pagination="777 - 786" refId="ref22487" refString="Nadakal, A. M. (1960 b) Types and sources of pigments in certain species of larval trematodes. Journal of Parasitology, 46, 777 - 786. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3275532" type="journal article" year="1960">Nadakal (1960b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
presents information on the pigments of the rediae and cercariae of this species (as his “small echinostome”).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="677C626189458B26FF69FB00FE05FB70" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1331]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
|
||
As part of one of the first studies documenting the syncytial nature of trematode integuments,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089458B26FB42FB01FF27FB5D" author="Bils, R. F. & Martin, W. E." pageId="13" pageNumber="472" pagination="78 - 88" refId="ref19555" refString="Bils, R. F. & Martin, W. E. (1966) Fine Structure and Development of the Trematode Integument. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 85, 78 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3224777" type="journal article" year="1966">Bils and Martin (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined the fine structure and development of the tegument for the rediae and cercariae (and metacercariae and adults) of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="677C626189458B26FF69FB7DFB65FAA9" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1331]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089458B26FF69FB7DFE1AFA95" author="Koprivnikar, J. & Lim, D. & Fu, C. & Brack, S. H. M." box="[199,479,1268,1295]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" pagination="1167 - 1177" refId="ref21052" refString="Koprivnikar, J., Lim, D., Fu, C. & Brack, S. H. M. (2010) Effects of temperature, salinity, and pH on the survival and activity of marine cercariae. Parasitology Research, 106, 1167 - 1177. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 010 - 1779 - 0" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Koprivnikar
|
||
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389458B26FEF9FB7CFE42FA94" box="[343,391,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
performed laboratory experiments to examine the effects of salinity, temperature, and pH on survivorship and activity of Acsp cercariae from Bolinas Lagoon (central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A507AC8389458B26FBB3FA91FB51FAA9" box="[1053,1172,1304,1331]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |