155 lines
19 KiB
XML
155 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="92FC8DA23B1A0EB8CC8C96F4529D5388" ID-CLB-Dataset="24567" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="21de8a76-6a04-45d4-8e81-5fb524718c58" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3586554" ID-ZooBank="85D81C2D-0B66-4C0D-B708-AAF1DAD6018B" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1576823765851" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hechinger, Ryan F." docDate="2019" docId="EF6AD37789418B21FF39F994FA94F868" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4711.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4711 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Austrobilharzia Johnston 1917" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="469" masterDocId="1353AB0F89488B2BFFAEFF89FFC5FF9A" masterDocTitle="Guide to the trematodes (Platyhelminthes) that infect the California horn snail (Cerithideopsis californica: Potamididae: Gastropoda) as first intermediate host" masterLastPageNumber="494" masterPageNumber="459" pageNumber="468" updateTime="1698775255321" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0A54D9DF705C52C6C82AD5B004C0D209">Guide to the trematodes (Platyhelminthes) that infect the California horn snail (Cerithideopsis californica: Potamididae: Gastropoda) as first intermediate host</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="24DAA913609A81CB223FD68E6A647192">Hechinger, Ryan F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8BAB2C1FB87F6774FBD5037AC04C0F70">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="368539AAB377B4B735D9C8AAA91100A6">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="263A3893BCEBBF557C0104F910F94BDC">2019-12-17</mods:number>
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<treatment id="EF6AD37789418B21FF39F994FA94F868" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160797608" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EF6AD37789418B21FF39F994FA94F868" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF6AD37789418B21FF39F994FA94F868" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="469" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
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<subSubSection id="2FD931EA89418B22FF39F994FE6DF9C1" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="677C626189418B22FF39F994FEBAF9A2" blockId="9.[151,424,1565,1628]" box="[151,383,1565,1592]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
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<heading id="3C34D50D89418B22FF39F994FEBAF9A2" bold="true" box="[151,383,1565,1592]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389418B22FF39F994FEBAF9A2" bold="true" box="[151,383,1565,1592]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289418B22FF39F994FE91F9A2" ID-CoL="7NQ7D" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,340,1565,1592]" class="Trematoda" family="Schistosomatidae" genus="Austrobilharzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389418B22FF39F994FE91F9A2" bold="true" box="[151,340,1565,1592]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Austrobilharzia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189418B22FF39F9C8FE6DF9C1" blockId="9.[151,424,1565,1628]" box="[151,424,1601,1628]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
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(3. Aust;
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<figureCitation id="FFF87EE489418B22FF51F9C8FE8EF9C1" box="[255,331,1601,1627]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1428,1453]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,522,1400]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,522,1400]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. General characteristics of the parthenitae and cercariae of the trematodes infecting Cerithideopsis californica as first intermediate host. Species numbers and codes follow Table 1 and species accounts. Cercariae are all to scale, with additional magnified views of six small species (indicated by dashed lines). Note the oral stylets (presented in right lateral view) for Pruc and Smmi. Parthenitae are not to scale. Scale bars consistently indicate 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586556/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="FFF87EE489418B22FEF7F9C8FE64F9C1" box="[345,417,1601,1627]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–14" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1432,1457]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,179,1404]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,179,1404]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 12–14. Austrobilharzia sp. (Aust). 12, Close-up of an infection (white sporocysts) that has presumably invaded an already established Acanthoparyphium spinulosum (Acsp) colony (orange rediae) in a freshly deshelled, horn snail in sea water. The Aust sporocysts have infiltrated the snail gonadal, digestive gland, and green basal visceral mass regions. Scale bar = 0.5 cm. Base photo credit: Todd Huspeni. 13, Sporocyst, live, with developing cercariae, squashed with heavy coverslip pressure. Note the much smaller heterophyid cercaria that was in this mixed-infection. Ocular micrometer unit = 10 µm. Scale bar = 100 µm. 14, Cercaria, live, under slight coverslip pressure. Scale bar = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586564/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">12–14</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2FD931EA89418B22FF39F900FCACF87D" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="677C626189418B22FF39F900FC45F971" blockId="9.[151,1437,1673,2023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389418B22FF39F900FED1F93E" bold="true" box="[151,276,1673,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389418B22FEB7F900FE60F939" box="[281,421,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Parthenitae.</emphasis>
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Colony comprised of inactive sporocysts, often loosely distributed in snail gonad, digestive gland, and basal visceral mass regions (often in mixed-species infections). Sporocysts nearly opaque white; up to over
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<quantity id="A03BCF8489418B22FF7EF958FEF0F976" box="[208,309,1745,1772]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" unit="mm" value="1000.0">1000 µm</quantity>
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long, elongate (length:width ~5:1), sausage-shaped.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189418B22FF69F97FFC06F8A9" blockId="9.[151,1437,1673,2023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389418B22FF69F97FFEF6F88A" box="[199,307,1782,1808]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289418B22FF69F97FFEEAF88A" authorityName="O.F.Muller" authorityYear="1773" box="[199,303,1782,1808]" class="Trematoda" family="Colepidae" genus="Cercaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Cercaria</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Body translucent colorless; oculate; with oral sucker (modified as “anterior organ”) and ventral suck- er; body ~
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<quantity id="A03BCF8489418B22FEA7F890FEA4F8AE" box="[265,353,1817,1844]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" unit="mm" value="194.0">194 µm</quantity>
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long, ~equal in length to tail; tail forked, with no fins.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189418B22FF69F8B4FD1BF8E1" blockId="9.[151,1437,1673,2023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389418B22FF69F8B4FE6FF8C2" bold="true" box="[199,426,1853,1880]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289418B22FF69F8B4FEF5F8C2" authorityName="O.F.Muller" authorityYear="1773" box="[199,304,1853,1880]" class="Trematoda" family="Colepidae" genus="Cercaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Cercaria</taxonomicName>
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behavior:
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</emphasis>
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Fresh, emerged cercariae remain in water column, swim in relatively long bursts by undulating tail (forming a distinctive, elongate, figure 8).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189418B22FF69F80CFCACF87D" blockId="9.[151,1437,1673,2023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389418B22FF69F80CFE46F83A" bold="true" box="[199,387,1925,1952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Similar species:</emphasis>
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The cyathocotylids (Meap [1] and Smcy [2]) are the only other fork-tailed cercariae. Aust is most readily distinguished from them by having pigmented eyespots. Aust’s inactive sporocysts are readily distinguished from those of Smcy by their much shorter body lengths.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="33BC32E989428B21FF39FA11FC57F9FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586564" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3586564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586564/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" startId="10.[151,264,1432,1457]" targetBox="[151,1430,179,1404]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="677C626189428B21FF39FA11FC57F9FF" blockId="10.[151,1437,1432,1637]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389428B21FF39FA11FE90FA2B" bold="true" box="[151,341,1432,1457]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">FIGURES 12–14.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289428B21FEF2FA10FE3FFA2B" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1917" box="[348,506,1433,1457]" class="Trematoda" family="Schistosomatidae" genus="Austrobilharzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389428B21FEF2FA10FE3FFA2B" box="[348,506,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Austrobilharzia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (Aust).
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389428B21FDDDFA11FD49FA2B" bold="true" box="[627,652,1432,1457]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">12</emphasis>
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, Close-up of an infection (white sporocysts) that has presumably invaded an already established
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289428B21FEF0FA34FD21FA4F" authority="(Acsp)" authorityName="Acsp" baseAuthorityName="Acsp" box="[350,740,1469,1493]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Acanthoparyphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389428B21FEF0FA34FD5CFA4F" box="[350,665,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Acanthoparyphium spinulosum</emphasis>
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(Acsp)
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</taxonomicName>
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colony (orange rediae) in a freshly deshelled, horn snail in sea water. The Aust sporocysts have infiltrated the snail gonadal, digestive gland, and green basal visceral mass regions. Scale bar = 0.5 cm. Base photo credit: Todd Huspeni.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389428B21FD8FF98DFDFFF987" bold="true" box="[545,570,1540,1565]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">13</emphasis>
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, Sporocyst, live, with developing cercariae, squashed with heavy coverslip pressure. Note the much smaller heterophyid cercaria that was in this mixed-infection. Ocular micrometer unit = 10 µm. Scale bar = 100 µm.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389428B21FF68F9C5FF1AF9FF" bold="true" box="[198,223,1612,1637]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">14</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289428B21FF42F9C5FE81F9FF" authorityName="O.F.Muller" authorityYear="1773" box="[236,324,1612,1637]" class="Trematoda" family="Colepidae" genus="Cercaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Cercaria</taxonomicName>
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, live, under slight coverslip pressure. Scale bar = 100 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="2FD931EA89428B21FF69F91AFA94F868" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="677C626189428B21FF69F91AFB71F948" blockId="10.[151,1436,1683,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389428B21FF69F91AFEF8F937" bold="true" box="[199,317,1683,1709]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Remarks:</emphasis>
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The sporocysts and cercariae have not been formally described. We have initiated work to determine how this species is related to other
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289428B21FD8EF93EFD0AF94B" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1917" box="[544,719,1719,1745]" class="Trematoda" family="Schistosomatidae" genus="Austrobilharzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389428B21FD8EF93EFD0AF94B" box="[544,719,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Austrobilharzia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species (Brant & Hechinger, unpublished).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189428B21FF69F952FC3DF96F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1683,2034]" box="[199,1016,1754,1781]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
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This species corresponds to the “schistosome cercaria” of
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<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089428B21FCFDF952FC31F96F" author="Martin, W. E." box="[851,1012,1754,1781]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" pagination="203 - 210" refId="ref21967" refString="Martin, W. E. (1955) Seasonal infections of the snail, Cerithidea californica Haldeman, with larval trematodes. In: Essays in Natural Science in Honor of Captain Alan Hancock on the occasion of his birthday. University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles, California, pp. 203 - 210." type="book chapter" year="1955">Martin (1955)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189428B21FF69F976FD1CF833" blockId="10.[151,1436,1683,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
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This species is frequently observed in mixed-species infections, where it appears to be invading and killing the other species (this is why we have moved it to the top of the interspecific dominancy hierarchy that characterizes the species in this guild [
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<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089428B21FE2DF8CEFDFBF8FB" author="Hechinger, R. F." box="[387,574,1863,1889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref20237" refString="Hechinger, R. F. (2010) Mortality affects adaptive allocation to growth and reproduction: field evidence from a guild of body snatchers. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10 (136), 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 10 - 136" type="journal article" year="2010">Hechinger 2010</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089428B21FDE6F8CEFD29F8FB" author="Huspeni, T. C." box="[584,748,1862,1889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refId="ref20876" refString="Huspeni, T. C. (2000) A molecular genetic analysis of host specificity, continental geography, and recruitment dynamics of a larval trematode in a salt marsh snail. University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 145 pp." type="book" year="2000">Huspeni 2000</bibRefCitation>
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||
]). These observations are consistent with what
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<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089428B21FB54F8CEFA59F8FB" author="Walker, J. C." box="[1274,1436,1863,1889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" pagination="137 - 140" refId="ref23067" refString="Walker, J. C. (1979) Austrobilharzia terrigalensis: A schistosome dominant in interspecific interactions in the molluscan host. International Journal for Parasitology, 9, 137 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0020 - 7519 (79) 90104 - 8" type="journal article" year="1979">Walker (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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documented for
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289428B21FEE0F8E2FDBDF81C" authority="(Johnston)" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" box="[334,632,1899,1926]" class="Trematoda" family="Schistosomatidae" genus="Austrobilharzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="terrigalensis">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389428B21FEE0F8E2FE9AF81F" box="[334,351,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">A</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389428B21FEC3F8E2FE3EF81F" box="[365,507,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">terrigalensis</emphasis>
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(Johnston)
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289428B21FD35F8E2FBBAF81C" authority="(Quoy & Gaimard)" authorityName="Quoy & Gaimard" baseAuthorityName="Quoy & Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[667,1151,1899,1926]" class="Gastropoda" family="Batillariidae" genus="Velacumantus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="55B7BE7389428B21FD35F8E2FC5AF81F" box="[667,927,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Velacumantus australis</emphasis>
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(Quoy & Gaimard)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Research is warranted to understand how Aust interacts with heterospecifics.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189428B21FF69F83AFB58F857" blockId="10.[151,1436,1683,2034]" box="[199,1181,1971,1998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
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<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089428B21FF69F83AFE46F854" author="Nadakal, A. M." box="[199,387,1971,1998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" pagination="475 - 481" refId="ref22447" refString="Nadakal, A. M. (1960 a) Chemical nature of cercarial eye-spot and other tissue pigments. Journal of Parasitology, 46, 475 - 481. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3275140" type="journal article" year="1960">Nadakal (1960a)</bibRefCitation>
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presents information on the cercaria eye-spot pigments of this species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="677C626189428B21FF69F85EFA94F868" blockId="10.[151,1436,1683,2034]" box="[199,1361,2007,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Like all schistosomatids, Aust lacks a second intermediate host and directly infects its final host (birds).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |