162 lines
18 KiB
XML
162 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="7CBE5868722B1914BB3FE0D00C31235E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11130390" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11130390" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1715108269921" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Castello, Hugo Patricio & Lopez, Rogelio Bartolome" docDate="1974" docId="0380C6293D6EFFA544068908FF54FC22" docLanguage="en" docName="TropFishHobbyist.23.1.34-40.pdf" docOrigin="Tropical Fish Hobbyist 23 (1)" docTitle="Cynolebias gibberosus Berg 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="FFB9BE513D6EFFA445798A0EFFE8FFAE" masterDocTitle="Cynolebias alexandri, a new species of annual killifish from Argentina, with notes on C. bellottii" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="34" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1715110082103" updateUser="juliana">
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<mods:mods id="90D71328E37DA61528493574F2530F2A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="36E546ADA7361F3BCD646BC336E25A9F">
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<mods:title id="B375757ADC1881CB663D8EA9FF17F47D">Cynolebias alexandri, a new species of annual killifish from Argentina, with notes on C. bellottii</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="EE0093202D82F7D54D935C921B0A6BF3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8B852CF51EAF6CE1F05468A6B9F144A3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C4E0F08FD214F1DBA667DD05C64D0D65">Castello, Hugo Patricio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E0E16423EFC59CC936D0FA092D61AB99" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="49A9F954B5B7135494F6C00FF0E86030">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="684A76EF09019EB6956A5B20E7FF3B6C">Lopez, Rogelio Bartolome</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="72985423CCD63C74B5BD068A4957CD29">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="2264F895883D72058A767C80BF6EA0C1">
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<mods:title id="837A36902C984955C562A75874AB280C">Tropical Fish Hobbyist</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="216A94DBCE2B2561122C5360E2BDDAEE">
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<mods:date id="CE24B5D64ABFAED00639A6A45578787E">1974</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9D274055C657E5E30624DFC5C9BB22BE" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="213606B46CBBA03B3896B31E9B07B646">1974-09-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A48BC4DDFF364547D86924B6041473E0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8C681E06BBE23B860A9002FB2C652E62">23</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="9A1C0B50AF32DAF6B16EF26BF4237544" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="24D93C7D2BA8235774AD0EA5CED202A7">1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="C2554AF2B626967FD68515A4216EE1FE">34</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="097BA6B948F657033CD6B42D6F9CECE0">40</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="D2EC307C0917A0E5BAF0F5941C988C47">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="632EDB2F5DBB2A7AF1EC64C88B776936" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.11130390</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="81D91B4BA84686C350D3DC126A0352E0" type="Zenodo-Dep">11130390</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="57EC708855B47D32F7F26D68D34F7F58" type="ZooBank">E56E92F2-5E65-4FFF-BBDF-6249D47F81BC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0380C6293D6EFFA544068908FF54FC22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11130368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11130368" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0380C6293D6EFFA544068908FF54FC22" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380C6293D6EFFA544068908FF54FC22" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="C33324B43D6EFFA444068908FDF5FCBA" box="[383,541,774,788]" pageId="0" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B96773F3D6EFFA444068908FDF5FCBA" blockId="0.[300,876,645,1240]" box="[383,541,774,788]" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6EFFA444068908FDF5FCBA" ID-CoL="6C85W" authority="Berg, 1897" authorityName="Berg" authorityYear="1897" box="[383,541,774,788]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gibberosus">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6EFFA444068908FDF5FCBA" box="[383,541,774,788]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">Cynolebias gibberosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33324B43D6EFFA447648909FCEAFCBA" box="[541,770,774,789]" pageId="0" pageNumber="34" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph id="8B96773F3D6EFFA447648909FCEAFCBA" blockId="0.[300,876,645,1240]" box="[541,770,774,789]" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">
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—A new synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6EFFA447CE8908FCEAFCBA" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1881" box="[695,770,774,788]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellottii">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6EFFA447CE8908FCEAFCBA" box="[695,770,774,788]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">C. bellottii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33324B43D6EFFA5442D8912FF54FC22" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="0" pageNumber="34" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B96773F3D6EFFA4442D8912FCDEFCC4" blockId="0.[300,876,645,1240]" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">
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Two specimens of an annual killifish from Cachari (Partido de Azul, Provincia de Buenos Aires) were described in 1897 under the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6EFFA44664893FFE90FCFB" ID-CoL="6C85W" authority="Berg, 1897" authorityName="Berg" authorityYear="1897" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gibberosus">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6EFFA44664893FFE90FCFB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">Cynolebias gibberosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the Argentine ichthyologist Carlos Berg. They were very similar in color and scale disposition to the Argentine pearl fish,
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6EFFA447D18952FCDEFCC4" box="[680,822,860,874]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6EFFA447D18952FCDAFCC4" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1881" box="[680,818,860,874]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellottii">Cynolebias bellottii</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B96773F3D6EFFA4442D897CFE05FBAF" blockId="0.[300,876,645,1240]" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">
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The original specimens (type material), a male and a female, were distinguished by Berg from
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6EFFA444858986FDA1FC3B" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1881" box="[508,585,903,918]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellottii">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6EFFA444858986FDA1FC3B" box="[508,585,903,918]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">C. bellottii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as having a very curved dorsal profile anterior to the dorsal fin and 11 to 13 spinous tubercles protruding through the scales and skin in the same area.
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6EFFA4449389BCFD62FC6E" ID-CoL="6C85W" authority="Berg, 1897" authorityName="Berg" authorityYear="1897" box="[490,650,946,960]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gibberosus">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6EFFA4449389BCFD62FC6E" box="[490,650,946,960]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">Cynolebias gibberosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was never again recorded from new specimens, although it was included in several lists of fishes from Buenos Aires Province. This type material is in our collection under the numbers M.A.C.N. 5172 (male) and 5177 (fe- male).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B96773F3D6EFFA4442D8E07FCC4FB39" blockId="0.[300,876,645,1240]" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">
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For several years we have been collecting the pearl fishes in temporary ponds situated on both sides of the road that connects Villa Elisa with Punta Lara on the shore of the La Plata river, 50 km south of Buenos Aires.These ponds are inhabited by such lesser known killifishes such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6EFFA447308E47FD49FBF9" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1881" box="[585,673,1097,1111]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6EFFA447308E47FD49FBF9" box="[585,673,1097,1111]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">C. elongatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6EFFA447BD8E47FCCDFBF6" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1912" box="[708,805,1097,1112]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripinnis">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6EFFA447BD8E47FCCDFBF6" box="[708,805,1097,1112]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">C. nigripinnis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and other fishes such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6EFFA444DD8E50FDDCFBC2" baseAuthorityName="Jenyns" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[420,564,1118,1132]" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paleatus">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6EFFA444DD8E50FDDCFBC2" box="[420,564,1118,1132]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">Corydoras paleatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(tachuela),
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6EFFA447ED8E50FC82FBC2" baseAuthorityName="Jenyns" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[660,874,1118,1132]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Cnesterodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decemmaculatus">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6EFFA447ED8E50FC82FBC2" box="[660,874,1118,1132]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">Cnesterodon decemmaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(madrecita), the airbreathing fresh water eel
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6EFFA447088E7AFCCEFB2C" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1795" box="[625,806,1140,1154]" family="Synbranchidae" genus="Synbranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6EFFA447088E7AFCCEFB2C" box="[625,806,1140,1154]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">Synbranchus marmoratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(anguilla criolla),
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6EFFA4441E8E87FDEDFB39" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[359,517,1161,1175]" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Callichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="callichthys">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6EFFA4441E8E87FDEDFB39" box="[359,517,1161,1175]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">Callichthys callichthys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(cascarudo), and small tetras (mojarritas).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B96773F3D6EFFA5442D8E91FE24FE78" blockId="0.[300,876,645,1240]" lastBlockId="1.[48,627,412,908]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">
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The pearl fishes were kept in aquaria and fed daily with live foods
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6EFFA4465D8E91FE8CFB6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="34">(Daphnia, Tubifex,</emphasis>
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or chironomid larvae).If live food was not provided for them, in a few days the fish became thin, emaciated, and often infected with “ich;” they died shortly afterward. Raising the temperature sometimes stopped the white-spot infection, but if the pearl fish were not properly fed again with abundant food, their vertebral column became bowed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B96773F3D6FFFA5452F8BD0FFBBFDDE" blockId="1.[48,627,412,908]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">
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As we were very interested in the evolution of this process, adult male and female
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6FFFA5451E8BFAFF5DFDAC" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1881" box="[103,181,500,514]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellottii">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6FFFA5451E8BFAFF5DFDAC" box="[103,181,500,514]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">C. bellottii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were placed in the large aquaria of the Animal Physiology Laboratories at Buenos Aires University. They were given an inadequate supply of food from the beginning of the experiment. In a three month period we observed the following symptoms: bowed vertebral column, emaciation, and exophthalmos. Finally, we observed the neural spines appearing through the skin in the predorsal area.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B96773F3D6FFFA5452F8879FF54FC22" blockId="1.[48,627,412,908]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">
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After reading a paper by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB80ACE3D6FFFA544788879FE4FFD2B" author="Walford, R. L. & R. K. Liu" box="[257,423,631,645]" journalOrPublisher="Exp. Geront." pageId="1" pageNumber="35" pagination="161 - 171" part="1" refId="ref2648" refString="Walford, R. L. and R. K. Liu. 1965. Husbandry, life-span, and growth rate of the annual fish Cynolebias adloffi Ahl. Exp. Geront., 1 (2): 161 - 171." title="Husbandry, life-span, and growth rate of the annual fish Cynolebias adloffi Ahl" type="journal article" year="1965">Walford and Liu (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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, we became aware of the fact that
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6FFFA545368883FF79FD35" box="[79,145,653,667]" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Callichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adloffi">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6FFFA545368883FF79FD35" box="[79,145,653,667]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">C. adloffi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is also a short lived species that undergoes senility changes in about a year. Specimens lose their equilibrium and the branchial epithelium degenerates; they show hyperplasia of thyroid tissues, melanism, and other illnesses such as tuberculosis. The same authors (Liu and Walford. 1969) observed that the pathological symptoms increased with age in
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6FFFA5440C88EBFE2AFD5D" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1881" box="[373,450,741,755]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellottii">
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C.
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6FFFA544F288EBFE2EFD5D" box="[395,454,741,755]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">bellottii,</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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emaciation, equilibrium disturbances and spinal curvature being the major gross symptoms. In comparing these deformed specimens with the type material of
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6FFFA544E3891FFE12FCB1" authorityName="Berg" authorityYear="1897" box="[410,506,785,799]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gibberosus">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6FFFA544E3891FFE12FCB1" box="[410,506,785,799]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">C. gibberosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, even though the latter were badly preserved in alcohol, we were able to prove that
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6FFFA5448A8929FDBBFC9A" authorityName="Berg" authorityYear="1897" box="[499,595,806,821]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gibberosus">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6FFFA5448A8929FDBBFC9A" box="[499,595,806,821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">C. gibberosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was based on deformed specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6FFFA5446A8933FEB6FCE5" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1881" box="[275,350,829,843]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellottii">
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C.
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6FFFA5445E8933FE8AFCE5" box="[295,354,829,843]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">bellottii,</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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probably collected in a temporary pond after a long period of aging, and dis playing symptoms of lordosis and kyphosis.
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6FFFA545498966FEC8FCD9" ID-CoL="6C85W" authority="Berg, 1897" authorityName="Berg" authorityYear="1897" box="[48,288,872,887]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gibberosus">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6FFFA545498966FF26FCD8" box="[48,206,872,886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Cynolebias gibberosus</emphasis>
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Berg, 1897
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</taxonomicName>
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, thus becomes a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C290CBC3D6FFFA544908966FF50FC22" authority="Steindachner, 1881" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1881" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellottii">
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<emphasis id="B95DAB2D3D6FFFA544908966FD99FCD8" box="[489,625,872,886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Cynolebias bellottii</emphasis>
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Steindachner, 1881
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |