1669 lines
216 KiB
XML
1669 lines
216 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="21B9953DAA3D38EA7CB347CABF5102C8">Revision of the poorly known Neotropical butterfly genus Zischkaia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), with descriptions of nine new species</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="0121F71F98B53319C586250E3CE2A29E">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. & Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="A83F9DD348351B31ECB4F15C2E5A767F">Arthropoda Department, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauer Allee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF8507FFFDCB140FFDB9" bold="true" box="[694,813,584,611]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Zischkaia</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF8505F4FD09160DFD7E" box="[189,303,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Zischkaia</emphasis>
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.
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|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FF90FF8505F4FD4F17D8FD3C" box="[189,250,716,742]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFF90FF8505F4FD79131FFCCF" box="[189,1085,762,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF90FF8505F4FD79131FFCCF" blockId="10.[189,1085,762,789]" box="[189,1085,762,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF90FF8505F4FD791546FCCE" authority="Butler, 1867: 109" authorityName="- Butler" authorityPageNumber="109" authorityYear="1867" box="[189,612,762,788]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF8505F4FD7916AEFCCE" box="[189,396,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euptychia fumata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF90FF8504DDFD791546FCCE" author="Butler A. G." box="[404,612,762,788]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" page="109" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867: 109</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 12, fig. 14 (by original designation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFF90FF8405F4FCBF145DFD52" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF90FF8505F4FCBF1672FC8C" blockId="10.[189,336,828,854]" box="[189,336,828,854]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FF90FF8505F4FCBF1672FC8C" bold="true" box="[189,336,828,854]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF8505F4FCBF1672FC8C" bold="true" box="[189,336,828,854]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Systematics</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF90FF8405F4FCE9145DFD52" blockId="10.[189,1399,874,1218]" lastBlockId="11.[189,1399,267,649]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF90FF8505F4FCE9160DFC5E" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[189,303,874,900]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF8505F4FCE9160DFC5E" box="[189,303,874,900]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a member of a clade consisting of several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF90FF850682FCE91211FC5E" authority="Forster, 1964" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[971,1331,874,901]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF850682FCE913AFFC5E" box="[971,1165,874,900]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF90FF8501DFFCE81211FC5E" author="Forster W." box="[1174,1331,874,901]" firstAuthor="Forster" journalOrPublisher="Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="51 - 188" part="8" refId="ref40008" refString="Forster W. 1964. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX Lepidoptera III. Satyridae. Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen 8: 51 - 188." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX Lepidoptera III. Satyridae" type="journal article" year="1964">Forster, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF90FF8505F4FC0D16DFFC72" authority="(Hewitson, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[189,509,909,936]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itonis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF8505F4FC0D163DFC7D" box="[189,287,910,936]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. itonis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hewitson, 1862)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF90FF850745FC0D147DFC72" authority="(Butler, 1877))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[524,863,909,936]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clementia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF850745FC0D15BDFC72" box="[524,671,910,936]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. clementia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF90FF8507FBFC0E1469FC72" author="Butler A. G." box="[690,843,909,936]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology)" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="116 - 128" part="13" refId="ref39353" refString="Butler A. G. 1877. On new species of the genus Euptychia, with a tabular view of those hitherto recorded. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology) 13 (67): 116 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 02375. x" title="On new species of the genus Euptychia, with a tabular view of those hitherto recorded" type="journal article" year="1877">Butler, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF90FF850627FC0D13B8FC7D" authority="Butler, 1867" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[878,1178,909,936]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF850627FC0D14D8FC72" box="[878,1018,910,936]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Amphidecta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF90FF85014CFC0E13B8FC7D" author="Butler A. G." box="[1029,1178,909,935]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF90FF850190FC0D167DFC11" authority="Forster, 1964" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Rareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF850190FC0D1254FC72" box="[1241,1398,910,936]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rareuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF90FF8505F4FC32167DFC11" author="Forster W." box="[189,351,945,971]" firstAuthor="Forster" journalOrPublisher="Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="51 - 188" part="8" refId="ref40008" refString="Forster W. 1964. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX Lepidoptera III. Satyridae. Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen 8: 51 - 188." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX Lepidoptera III. Satyridae" type="journal article" year="1964">Forster, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on the aforementioned large dataset including>2000 individuals representing> 420 species (unpubl. data). Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF90FF8507D4FC57142DFC34" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[669,783,980,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF8507D4FC57142DFC34" box="[669,783,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not included in the analysis of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF90FF85018CFC57162FFBCB" author="Espeland M. & Breinholt J. & Barbosa E. & Casagrande M. M. & Huertas B. & Lamas G. & Marin M. A. & Mielke O. H. H. & Miller J. Y. & Nakahara S. & Tan D. & Warren A. D. & Zacca T. & Kawahara A. & Freitas A. V. L. & Willmott K. R." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Espeland" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="116 - 124" part="131" refId="ref39875" refString="Espeland M., Breinholt J., Barbosa E., Casagrande M. M., Huertas B., Lamas G., Marin M. A., Mielke O. H. H., Miller J. Y., Nakahara S., Tan D., Warren A. D., Zacca T., Kawahara A., Freitas A. V. L. & Willmott K. R. 2019. Four hundred shades of brown: higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 131: 116 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2018.10.039" title="Four hundred shades of brown: higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Espeland
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF850073FC561255FC34" box="[1338,1399,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the clade containing these related species (the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF90FF85061AFC7414FDFBCB" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[851,991,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF85061AFC7414FDFBCB" box="[851,991,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Amphidecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”) was well supported based on hybrid enrichment data incorporating 368 loci (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF90FF850656FB99133CFBEE" author="Espeland M. & Breinholt J. & Barbosa E. & Casagrande M. M. & Huertas B. & Lamas G. & Marin M. A. & Mielke O. H. H. & Miller J. Y. & Nakahara S. & Tan D. & Warren A. D. & Zacca T. & Kawahara A. & Freitas A. V. L. & Willmott K. R." box="[799,1054,1050,1076]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Espeland" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="116 - 124" part="131" refId="ref39875" refString="Espeland M., Breinholt J., Barbosa E., Casagrande M. M., Huertas B., Lamas G., Marin M. A., Mielke O. H. H., Miller J. Y., Nakahara S., Tan D., Warren A. D., Zacca T., Kawahara A., Freitas A. V. L. & Willmott K. R. 2019. Four hundred shades of brown: higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 131: 116 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2018.10.039" title="Four hundred shades of brown: higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Espeland
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF8506DEFB9814F6FBEE" box="[919,980,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF90FF850131FB991226FBEE" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[1144,1284,1050,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF850131FB991226FBEE" box="[1144,1284,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Amphidecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade” is sister to a large clade including some major euptychiine clades, such as the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF90FF850132FBBD123AFB82" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1147,1304,1086,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF850132FBBD123AFB82" box="[1147,1304,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pareuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF90FF850583FBE11609FBA1" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[202,299,1122,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF850583FBE11609FBA1" box="[202,299,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Taygetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade” and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF90FF850499FBE215B0FBA1" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[464,658,1121,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF850499FBE215B0FBA1" box="[464,658,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade” (all
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF85066EFBE1144AFBA1" box="[807,872,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF90FF85063AFBE21360FBA1" author="Pena C. & Nylin S. & Freitas A. V. L. & Wahlberg N." box="[883,1090,1121,1147]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pena" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="243 - 258" part="39" refId="ref42037" refString="Pena C., Nylin S., Freitas A. V. L. & Wahlberg N. 2010. Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zoologica Scripta 39 (3): 243 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2010.00421. x" title="Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Peña
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF8506F1FBE114D5FBA1" box="[952,1015,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the support for this relationship is low. Our molecular data based on the COI barcoding region strongly support
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF90FF85004DFB071254FB44" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1284,1398,1156,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF85004DFB071254FB44" box="[1284,1398,1156,1182]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
itself as monophyletic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FF90FF850499FB241534FB1B" box="[464,534,1191,1217]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[223,1382,1262,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,1258,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 1. Likelihood tree with the best log-likelihood score (-LnL = -2536.1613) given our data based on DNA ‘barcodes’, depicting Zischkaia as a well-supported clade. Support values are represented by SHaLRT/UF Bootstrap. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; NT = Neotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476678/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
; SH-aLRT/UFBoot = 98.7/100), with the removal by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF90FF8501C6FB241254FB1B" author="Freitas A. V. L. & Barbosa E. P. & Zacca T. & Marin M. A. & Beirao M. V. & Silva A. R. M. & Casagrande M. M. & Espeland M. & Willmott K. R." box="[1167,1398,1191,1217]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Freitas" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="148 - 158" part="62" refId="ref40036" refString="Freitas A. V. L., Barbosa E. P., Zacca T., Marin M. A., Beirao M. V., Silva A. R. M., Casagrande M. M., Espeland M. & Willmott K. R. 2018. Before it is too late: description of a new genus and species of butterfly from a highly threatened Brazilian biome. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 62: 148 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rbe. 2018.02.003" title="Before it is too late: description of a new genus and species of butterfly from a highly threatened Brazilian biome" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Freitas
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF8501AFFB2B1203FB1B" box="[1254,1313,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF840597FE881519FEFF" authority="Butler, 1867" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[222,571,267,293]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF840597FE8816BDFEFF" box="[222,415,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Euptychia mima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF91FF8404E1FE881519FEFF" author="Butler A. G." box="[424,571,267,293]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF84072DFE881427FEFF" authorityName="Freitas, Barbosa & Zacca" authorityYear="2018" box="[612,773,267,293]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Nhambikuara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF84072DFE881427FEFF" box="[612,773,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nhambikuara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a genus in the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF84069BFE88134DFEFF" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[978,1135,267,293]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF84069BFE88134DFEFF" box="[978,1135,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pareuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF84019AFE881267FEFF" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1235,1349,267,293]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF84019AFE881267FEFF" box="[1235,1349,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be divided into two moderate to well-supported clades based on our molecular data (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FF91FF8401EFFEAC13CFFE93" box="[1190,1261,303,329]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[223,1382,1262,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,1258,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 1. Likelihood tree with the best log-likelihood score (-LnL = -2536.1613) given our data based on DNA ‘barcodes’, depicting Zischkaia as a well-supported clade. Support values are represented by SHaLRT/UF Bootstrap. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; NT = Neotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476678/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
; SH-aLRT/ UFBoot = 95.8/97; 91.3/93), which are also diagnosable by several morphological characters discussed below under the ‘Diagnosis’ section. Despite the morphological differences between the two clades, which are also highly supported based on molecular data, the overall wing patterns and habitats appear to be rather similar among species in both of these clades. Considering that generic names should ideally be informative for the recognition of monophyletic groups of similar appearing species, in addition to having potential value in predicting unknown biological traits, we here treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF840103FD87139EFDC4" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1098,1212,516,542]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF840103FD87139EFDC4" box="[1098,1212,516,542]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as representing both clades rather than treating them as distinct genera. The morphological diversity within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF8401B4FDA4124DFD9B" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1277,1391,551,577]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF8401B4FDA4124DFD9B" box="[1277,1391,551,577]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as the presence or absence of wing androconial scales, is also seen within other euptychiine genera of similar species diversity, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF84072BFDEC1458FD52" authority="Forster, 1964" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[610,890,622,649]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF84072BFDEC15F7FD52" box="[610,725,623,648]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Taygetina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF91FF840795FDEC1458FD52" author="Forster W." box="[732,890,622,649]" firstAuthor="Forster" journalOrPublisher="Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="51 - 188" part="8" refId="ref40008" refString="Forster W. 1964. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX Lepidoptera III. Satyridae. Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen 8: 51 - 188." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX Lepidoptera III. Satyridae" type="journal article" year="1964">Forster, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF23662DFF90FF8505F4F80914FFF831" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476678" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3476678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476678/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[223,1382,1262,1918]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF90FF8505F4F80914FFF831" blockId="10.[189,1398,1930,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF8505F4F8091629F87E" bold="true" box="[189,267,1930,1956]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Likelihood tree with the best log-likelihood score (-LnL = -2536.1613) given our data based on DNA ‘barcodes’, depicting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF90FF850748F82D1551F812" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[513,627,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF90FF850748F82D1551F812" box="[513,627,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a well-supported clade. Support values are represented by SHaLRT/UF Bootstrap. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; NT = Neotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFF91FF8405F4FD2C163AFBA5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF91FF8405F4FD2C1614FD13" blockId="11.[189,310,687,713]" box="[189,310,687,713]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FF91FF8405F4FD2C1614FD13" bold="true" box="[189,310,687,713]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF8405F4FD2C1614FD13" bold="true" box="[189,310,687,713]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF91FF8405F4FD5D163AFBA5" blockId="11.[189,1399,734,1151]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF840409FD5D1690FD22" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[320,434,734,760]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF840409FD5D1690FD22" box="[320,434,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all other genera of Euptychiina by the combination of the following characters: 1) absence of ocelli on the DFW, DHW and VFW (also true of some other euptychiines); 2) five or six ocelli on the VHW from Sc+R
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF91FF8406C9FCB414ABFC9F" attach="left" box="[896,905,823,837]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
|
||
or M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF91FF840687FCB414F5FC9F" attach="left" box="[974,983,823,837]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
|
||
to 2A with the white pupils (often diffuse scales rather than a single spot) displaced distally from the center (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF84012CFCCA1255FCB9" authorityName="Godart" authorityYear="1823" box="[1125,1399,841,867]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doxes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF84012CFCCA1255FCB9" box="[1125,1399,841,867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Splendeuptychia doxes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Godart, [1824]) and relatives possess a superficially similar pupil, but it is displaced basally instead of distally); 3) VFW with submedian line restricted to discal cell or absent (also true of a number of other euptychiine genera); 4) inter-segmental membrane between seventh and eighth sternites not pleated, but folded posteriorly of ostium bursae with its sclerotized region forming a ‘scoop-like’ structure below lamella antevaginalis (projection more apparent in species of the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF840686FC78130CFBCE" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[975,1070,1019,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF840686FC78130CFBCE" box="[975,1070,1019,1044]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”). This form of intersegmental membrane is rather unique among euptychiines, which often have this membrane pleated and expandable, although some species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF8407B7FBC2133DFB81" authority="Hubner, 1818" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" box="[766,1055,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF8407B7FBC21457FB81" box="[766,885,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Euptychia</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner, 1818
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are somewhat similar in this respect.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFF91FF9E05F4FB2416F3FCA6" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF91FF8405F4FB24160AF96B" blockId="11.[189,1399,1190,1713]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Two clades are recognized in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF840752FB2515AFFB1A" ID-CoL="92QTH" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[539,653,1190,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF840752FB2515AFFB1A" box="[539,653,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which we call the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF840636FB2414FCFB1A" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[895,990,1191,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF840636FB2414FCFB1A" box="[895,990,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade” and the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF8401EBFB25123EFB1A" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[1186,1308,1190,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF8401EBFB25123EFB1A" box="[1186,1308,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”; the former can be distinguished from the latter by: 1) presence of androconial scales on DFW of males (absent in “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF840402FB6E16E7FADD" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[331,453,1261,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF840402FB6E16E7FADD" box="[331,453,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FF91FF84077EFB6E1584FADD" box="[567,678,1261,1287]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="12.[189,232,1648,1674]" captionStartId-1="13.[189,232,1734,1760]" captionTargetBox-0="[262,1313,277,1607]" captionTargetBox-1="[199,1387,677,1680]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[257,1315,265,1627]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[189,1398,658,1690]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Zischkaia “pacarus clade”, wing plate. A–B. Z. amalda (Weymer, 1911), lectotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. C–D. Z. arctoa Nakahara, sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (in RFC, collected in 1975), dorsal and ventral views. E–F. Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. G–H. Z. chullachaki sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 508), dorsal and ventral views. I–J. Z. baku Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. K–L. Z. baku sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 404), dorsal and ventral views. M–N. Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. O–P. Z. arenisca sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (FLMNH-MGCL 297320), dorsal and ventral views. Q–R. Z. argyrosflecha Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. S–T. Z. pacarus (Godart, [1824]), neotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. U–V. Z. pacarus, ♀ (DZ 36. 909), dorsal and ventral views. W–X. Z. abanico Nakahara & Petit, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Zischkaia “saundersii clade”, wing plate. A–B. Z. saundersii (Butler, 1867), ♂ (DZ 37. 029), dorsal and ventral views. C–D. Z. saundersii, ♀ (DZ 36. 969), dorsal and ventral views. E–F. Z. josti Nakahara & Kleckner, sp. nov., holotype, ♀, dorsal and ventral views. G–H. Z. josti sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (USNM ENT 00233844), dorsal and ventral views. I–J. Z. mielkeorum Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. K–L. Z. mielkeorum sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 618), dorsal and ventral views. M–N. Z. warreni Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. O–P. Z. warreni sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 508), dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476680" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476682" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3476680/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3476682/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
); 2) presence of a ‘tusk’-like projection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FF91FF8401D4FB6E13DEFADD" box="[1181,1276,1261,1287]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,906,932]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,862]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[189,1398,265,862]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 4. Zischkaia “pacarus clade”, male genitalia. A. Z. amalda (Weymer, 1911), lectotype, ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (winglet on aedeagus shown inside rectangle) (Genitalic vial: SN-17- 21). B. Z. arctoa Nakahara, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: SN-17-9). C. Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 21. 235). D. Z. baku Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 573). E. Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: SN-17-16). F. Z. argyrosflecha Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas, sp. nov. ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (two winglets on aedeagus shown inside rectangle) (Genitalic vial: M-9142 ♂, Lee D. Miller). G. Z. pacarus (Godart, [1824]), ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 578). H. Z. abanico Nakahara & Petit, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: 575/19.07.2017, J. Lorenc-Brudecka, MZUJ)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476684/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
) from the posterior region of the tegumen above the uncus (the projection of the tegumen appears as a ‘bulb’ in the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF840583FAB71666FA94" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[202,324,1332,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF840583FAB71666FA94" box="[202,324,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FF91FF8404E0FAB7152AFA95" box="[425,520,1332,1359]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1334,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[189,1398,1334,1776]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Zischkaia “saundersii clade”, male genitalia. A. Z. saundersii (Butler, 1867), ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 21. 221). B. Z. mielkeorum Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 21. 200). C. Z. warreni Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial DZ 21. 214)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476686/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
)); 3) uncus that is narrow and long, somewhat curving down, terminating in a small ‘bulb’ (rather than being straight and broad as in the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF8406F7FADB131AFAA8" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[958,1080,1368,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF8406F7FADB131AFAA8" box="[958,1080,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”); 4) brachia curved dorsally (rather than straight as in the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF8407DCFAF8142DFA4F" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[661,783,1403,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF8407DCFAF8142DFA4F" box="[661,783,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”); 5) valva being rather short in lateral view, with the apical point not extending beyond that of the uncus (the apical point extends beyond that of the uncus in the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF84042DFA4116FCFA06" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[356,478,1474,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF84042DFA4116FCFA06" box="[356,478,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”); 6) tip of the anterior projection of the saccus extending further than the tegumen in lateral view (the tip of the anterior projection of the saccus does not extend beyond the tegumen in lateral view in the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF840761F98A1580F9F9" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[552,674,1545,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF840761F98A1580F9F9" box="[552,674,1545,1571]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”); 7) fultura inferior (i.e., juxta) appearing as a thin strip in posterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FF91FF8404D2F9AF16DBF99D" box="[411,505,1580,1607]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1457,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[189,1398,1457,1913]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. Fultura inferior (i.e., juxta). A. Zischkaia pacarus (Godart, [1824]) (DZ 5. 578), in ventral view. B. Z. saundersii (Butler, 1867) (DZ 5. 580), in posterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476692/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
) (it appears as a well-developed plate in posterior view in the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF8401B5F9AF1254F99C" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[1276,1398,1580,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF8401B5F9AF1254F99C" box="[1276,1398,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FF91FF840452F9D3165AF9B0" box="[283,376,1616,1642]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1457,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[189,1398,1457,1913]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. Fultura inferior (i.e., juxta). A. Zischkaia pacarus (Godart, [1824]) (DZ 5. 578), in ventral view. B. Z. saundersii (Butler, 1867) (DZ 5. 580), in posterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476692/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
)); 8) median region of the ductus bursae with a well-developed sclerotized half-ring (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FF91FF84058FF9F01606F954" box="[198,292,1651,1678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1666,1692]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,270,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,265,1610]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 6. Zischkaia “pacarus clade”, female genitalia. A–B. Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial DZ 36. 508). C–D. Z. baku Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 571). E–F. Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: SN-17-174). G–H. Z. pacarus (Godart, [1824]), ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 731)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476688/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
) (absent in the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF8404A4F9F01545F957" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[493,615,1651,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF8404A4F9F01545F957" box="[493,615,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FF91FF840787F9F0140FF954" box="[718,813,1651,1678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1608,1634]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1398,265,1555]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7. Zischkaia “saundersii clade”, female genitalia. A–B. Z. saundersii (Butler, 1867), ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 969). C–D. Z. josti Nakahara & Kleckner, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: 2018-002, D.J. Harvey). E–F. Z. mielkeorum Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 688). G–H. Z. warreni Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 731)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476690/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
), or very reduced as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF840102F9F713C4F957" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[1099,1254,1651,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF840102F9F713C4F957" box="[1099,1254,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Z. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF84006AF9F71255F957" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[1315,1399,1652,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="josti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF84006AF9F71255F957" box="[1315,1399,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Z. josti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF91FF8405F4F914163EF96B" box="[189,284,1687,1713]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF91FF8405F4F95B158BF831" blockId="11.[189,1399,1752,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
The diagnostic characters provided above for the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF840659F95A144DF928" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[784,879,1753,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF840659F95A144DF928" box="[784,879,1753,1778]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade” can be used to separate all species in this clade from species in the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF84076FF97F1582F8CC" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[550,672,1788,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF84076FF97F1582F8CC" box="[550,672,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”, and vice-versa. Therefore, species diagnoses focus on comparing similar species within the respective clade. Note that females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF84017DF8A31250F8E0" authority="(Weymer, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Weymer" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1076,1394,1823,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF84017DF8A31389F8E3" box="[1076,1195,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Z. amalda</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF91FF8401F3F8A3124BF8E0" author="Weymer G." box="[1210,1385,1824,1850]" editor="Seitz A." firstAuthor="Weymer" journalOrPublisher="Kernen, Stuttgart" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="173 - 283" refId="ref42543" refString="Weymer G. 1911. 4. Familie: Satyridae: 173 - 283. In: Seitz A. (ed.) Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 5. A. Kernen, Stuttgart." title="Familie: Satyridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 5. A" year="1911">Weymer, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF8405F4F8C715DCF887" authority="Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,766,1859,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrosflecha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF8405F4F8C7165FF887" box="[189,381,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Z. argyrosflecha</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF91FF840645F8C0144EF887" box="[780,876,1859,1885]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF840633F8C713FAF887" authority="Nakahara & Petit" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[890,1240,1859,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abanico" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF840633F8C714D8F887" box="[890,1018,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Z. abanico</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara & Petit
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF91FF8401AFF8C01261F887" box="[1254,1347,1859,1885]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF8405F4F8E41683F85A" authority="Nakahara" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,417,1894,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctoa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF8405F4F8E4160AF85A" box="[189,296,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Z. arctoa</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF91FF8404E4F8E4152AF85B" box="[429,520,1895,1921]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are still unknown or unrecognized, thus the diagnostic characters provided for females of related species might not be applicable to these four species, and discovery of female specimens of these taxa would be extremely valuable. Similarly, the male is unknown or unrecognized for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF91FF8405AFF8511560F831" authority="Nakahara & Kleckner" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[230,578,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="josti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF91FF8405AFF851161AF831" box="[230,312,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Z. josti</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara & Kleckner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF91FF840707F852158BF831" box="[590,681,2001,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF23662DFF96FF8305F4F9F31488F831" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476680" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3476680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476680/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[189,232,1648,1674]" targetBox="[262,1313,277,1607]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF96FF8305F4F9F31488F831" blockId="12.[189,1399,1648,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF8305F4F9F3162FF950" bold="true" box="[189,269,1648,1674]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF96FF83045FF9F316AAF950" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[278,392,1648,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF83045FF9F316AAF950" box="[278,392,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF96FF8304D6F9F216DCF950" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[415,510,1649,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF8304D6F9F216DCF950" box="[415,510,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”, wing plate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF8307B9F9F31405F950" bold="true" box="[752,807,1648,1674]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A–B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF96FF830670F9F2135FF950" authority="(Weymer, 1911)" authorityName="Weymer" authorityYear="1911" baseAuthorityName="Weymer" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[825,1149,1648,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF830670F9F21490F950" box="[825,946,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Z. amalda</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF96FF83068AF9F31356F950" author="Weymer G." box="[963,1140,1648,1674]" editor="Seitz A." firstAuthor="Weymer" journalOrPublisher="Kernen, Stuttgart" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="173 - 283" refId="ref42543" refString="Weymer G. 1911. 4. Familie: Satyridae: 173 - 283. In: Seitz A. (ed.) Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 5. A. Kernen, Stuttgart." title="Familie: Satyridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 5. A" year="1911">Weymer, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lectotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF8304D7F91016F5F977" bold="true" box="[414,471,1683,1709]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C–D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF96FF8304AEF91715ECF977" authority="Nakahara" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[487,718,1683,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctoa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF8304AEF9171571F977" box="[487,595,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Z. arctoa</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF96FF830792F917141BF974" box="[731,825,1684,1710]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype, ♂ (in RFC, collected in 1975), dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF8304EAF93416F5F90B" bold="true" box="[419,471,1719,1745]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E–F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF96FF8304A0F93414A0F90B" authority="Nakahara & Zacca" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[489,898,1718,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chullachaki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF8304A0F93415B1F90B" box="[489,659,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Z. chullachaki</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara & Zacca
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF96FF8306D9F93414D2F90B" box="[912,1008,1719,1745]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF830458F959166FF92E" bold="true" box="[273,333,1754,1780]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G–H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF96FF830414F9581527F92E" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[349,517,1754,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chullachaki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF830414F9581527F92E" box="[349,517,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Z. chullachaki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF96FF830744F9591549F92E" box="[525,619,1754,1780]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 508), dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF8301ACF959122CF92E" bold="true" box="[1253,1294,1754,1780]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">I–J</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF96FF830057F95816D1F8CD" authority="Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baku" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF830057F9581254F92E" box="[1310,1398,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Z. baku</emphasis>
|
||
Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF96FF83074AF97E1547F8CD" box="[515,613,1789,1815]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF830113F97E13B1F8CD" bold="true" box="[1114,1171,1789,1815]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">K–L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF96FF8301EEF97D1226F8CD" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[1191,1284,1789,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baku" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF8301EEF97D1226F8CD" box="[1191,1284,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Z. baku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF96FF830059F97E1250F8CD" box="[1296,1394,1789,1815]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 404), dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF83060AF8A314A1F8E0" bold="true" box="[835,899,1824,1850]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">M–N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF96FF8306DDF8A21250F8E0" authority="Nakahara, Willmott & Hall" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[916,1394,1824,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF8306DDF8A21339F8E0" box="[916,1051,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara, Willmott & Hall
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF96FF8305F4F8C7163BF884" box="[189,281,1860,1886]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF8307ACF8C0143EF887" bold="true" box="[741,796,1859,1885]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O–P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF96FF830663F8C7148EF887" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[810,940,1860,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF830663F8C7148EF887" box="[810,940,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF96FF8306FBF8C7132DF884" box="[946,1039,1860,1886]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype, ♀ (FLMNH-MGCL 297320), dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF830725F8E51585F85A" bold="true" box="[620,679,1894,1920]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Q–R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF96FF8307F3F8E41220F85B" authority="Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[698,1282,1894,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrosflecha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF8307F3F8E41459F85B" box="[698,891,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Z. argyrosflecha</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF96FF830058F8E41250F85B" box="[1297,1394,1895,1921]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF8307C8F80A1596F879" bold="true" box="[641,692,1929,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S–T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF96FF83078BF8081462F87E" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[706,832,1931,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF83078BF8081462F87E" box="[706,832,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Z. pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Godart, [1824]), neotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF830459F82E166BF81D" bold="true" box="[272,329,1965,1991]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">U–V</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF96FF83041EF82D16F6F81D" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[343,468,1966,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF83041EF82D16F6F81D" box="[343,468,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Z. pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀ (DZ 36. 909), dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF830698F82E1330F81D" bold="true" box="[977,1042,1965,1991]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">W–X</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF96FF830169F82D1250F81D" authority="Nakahara & Petit" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[1056,1394,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abanico" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF96FF830169F82D13BCF81D" box="[1056,1182,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Z. abanico</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara & Petit
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF96FF8305F4F8521638F831" box="[189,282,2001,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF97FF8205F4FE8816C1FEFF" blockId="13.[189,483,267,293]" box="[189,483,267,293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FF97FF8205F4FE8816C1FEFF" bold="true" box="[189,483,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF8205F4FE8816C1FEFF" bold="true" box="[189,483,267,293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">History of classification</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF97FF9E05F4FEBA16F3FCA6" blockId="13.[189,1399,313,586]" lastBlockId="17.[189,1399,267,892]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF97FF8205F4FEBA1648FE8E" author="Butler A. G." box="[189,362,313,340]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Butler (
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FF97FF820451FEBA1677FE8E" box="[280,341,313,340]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1867">1867</date>
|
||
a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was the first to propose a systematic classification for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF8206B6FEBA1353FE89" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1023,1137,313,339]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF8206B6FEBA1353FE89" box="[1023,1137,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In his monograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF8205F4FEDE1616FEAD" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" box="[189,308,349,375]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF8205F4FEDE1616FEAD" box="[189,308,349,375]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Euptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(then used as a catch-all genus to include most euptychiine species), Butler divided the genus into seven groups (Division I to VII), and Division VI was the group relevant to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF820117FE0313F2FE40" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1118,1232,384,410]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF820117FE0313F2FE40" box="[1118,1232,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This division included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF820461FE27157BFE67" authority="Butler, 1867" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[296,601,419,445]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF820461FE2716E3FE67" box="[296,449,419,445]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF97FF82048EFE20157BFE67" author="Butler A. G." box="[455,601,419,445]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF82072DFE27147EFE67" authority="Butler, 1867" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[612,860,419,445]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF82072DFE2715E1FE67" box="[612,707,420,445]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. mima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF97FF820780FE20147EFE67" author="Butler A. G." box="[713,860,419,445]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF82062FFE2714F4FE67" authorityName="- Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[870,982,419,445]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF82062FFE2714F4FE67" box="[870,982,419,445]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. fumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nomen nudum,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF8201D8FE27122DFE67" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[1169,1295,420,445]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF8201D8FE27122DFE67" box="[1169,1295,420,445]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Godart, [
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FF97FF82058DFE451627FE3B" box="[196,261,454,481]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1824">1824</date>
|
||
]) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF820403FE44157FFE3A" authority="Butler, 1867" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[330,605,454,480]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF820403FE4416E6FE3A" box="[330,452,455,480]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF97FF820483FE45157FFE3A" author="Butler A. G." box="[458,605,454,480]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The following diagnosis was given for Butler’s Division VI: “Upper surfaces brown, without marks; ventral forewings generally unmarked; [ventral] hindwings frequently with oval-shaped black ocelli, pupilled with silvery spots”. Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF97FF82017AFD8E13F7FDFD" author="Butler A. G." box="[1075,1237,525,551]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology)" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="116 - 128" part="13" refId="ref39353" refString="Butler A. G. 1877. On new species of the genus Euptychia, with a tabular view of those hitherto recorded. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology) 13 (67): 116 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 02375. x" title="On new species of the genus Euptychia, with a tabular view of those hitherto recorded" type="journal article" year="1877">
|
||
Butler (
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FF97FF8201C6FD8E13EEFDFD" box="[1167,1228,525,551]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1877">1877</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF820583FDB2166AFD90" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[202,328,561,586]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF820583FDB2166AFD90" box="[202,328,561,586]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group” and included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF820708FDB215F8FD90" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[577,730,560,586]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF820708FDB215F8FD90" box="[577,730,560,586]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF8207AEFDB2146AFD90" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[743,840,561,586]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF8207AEFDB2146AFD90" box="[743,840,561,586]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. mima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF82061CFDB2137CFD90" authority="Butler, 1867" authorityName="- Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[853,1118,560,586]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF82061CFDB214E7FD90" box="[853,965,560,586]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. fumata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF97FF820685FDB3137CFD90" author="Butler A. G." box="[972,1118,560,586]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF820120FDB213CAFD90" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[1129,1256,561,586]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF820120FDB213CAFD90" box="[1129,1256,561,586]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF8201BCFDB2124DFD90" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[1269,1391,561,586]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF8201BCFDB2124DFD90" box="[1269,1391,561,586]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E05F4FE8F16D7FEFF" authority="Butler, 1874" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1874" box="[189,501,267,293]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E05F4FE8F1674FEFF" box="[189,342,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. peculiaris</emphasis>
|
||
Butler, 1874
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E077DFE8F147EFEFF" authority="Butler, 1867" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[564,860,267,293]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erichtho">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E077DFE8F1598FEFF" box="[564,698,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. erichtho</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8BFF9E078DFE88147EFEFF" author="Butler A. G." box="[708,860,267,293]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The last taxon was described and placed in Division VII in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8BFF9E043EFEAD1515FE93" author="Butler A. G." box="[375,567,302,329]" firstAuthor="Butler's" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Butler’s (
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FF8BFF9E04ADFEAD1503FE93" box="[484,545,302,329]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1867">1867</date>
|
||
a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
classification, but the name is currently regarded as a junior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E041EFED11498FEB6" authority="C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867" authorityName="C. Felder & R. Felder" authorityYear="1867" box="[343,954,338,364]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neonympha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antonina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E041EFED11577FEB6" box="[343,597,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Neonympha antonina</emphasis>
|
||
C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E01CCFED117DBFE4A" authority="Forster, 1964" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Erichthodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E01CCFED11231FEB6" box="[1157,1299,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Erichthodes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8BFF9E0054FED117DBFE4A" author="Forster W." firstAuthor="Forster" journalOrPublisher="Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="51 - 188" part="8" refId="ref40008" refString="Forster W. 1964. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX Lepidoptera III. Satyridae. Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen 8: 51 - 188." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX Lepidoptera III. Satyridae" type="journal article" year="1964">Forster, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8BFF9E045BFEF61688FE55" author="Lamas G." box="[274,426,373,399]" editor="Lamas G." firstAuthor="Lamas" journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Scientific Publishers, Gainesville" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="217 - 223" refId="ref40829" refString="Lamas G. 2004. Nymphalidae. Satyrinae. Tribe Satyrini. Subtribe Euptychiina In: Lamas G. (ed.) Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In: Heppner J. B. (ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Volume 5 A: 217 - 223. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Scientific Publishers, Gainesville." title="Nymphalidae. Satyrinae. Tribe Satyrini. Subtribe Euptychiina" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In: Heppner J. B. (ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Volume 5 A" year="2004">
|
||
Lamas
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FF8BFF9E0423FEF61688FE55" box="[362,426,373,399]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2004">2004</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8BFF9E04F7FEF61555FE55" author="Weymer G." box="[446,631,373,399]" editor="Seitz A." firstAuthor="Weymer" journalOrPublisher="Kernen, Stuttgart" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="173 - 283" refId="ref42543" refString="Weymer G. 1911. 4. Familie: Satyridae: 173 - 283. In: Seitz A. (ed.) Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 5. A. Kernen, Stuttgart." title="Familie: Satyridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 5. A" year="1911">
|
||
Weymer (
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FF8BFF9E077BFEF6154CFE55" box="[562,622,373,399]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1911">1911</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed a similar group, named the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E010EFEF51384FE55" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[1095,1190,374,399]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E010EFEF51384FE55" box="[1095,1190,374,399]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group”, in which he included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E0419FE1A16CFFE68" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[336,493,408,434]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E0419FE1A16CFFE68" box="[336,493,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E04B4FE1A1543FE68" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[509,609,409,434]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E04B4FE1A1543FE68" box="[509,609,409,434]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. mima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E073BFE1A15C7FE68" authorityName="- Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[626,741,408,434]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E073BFE1A15C7FE68" box="[626,741,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. fumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E07BFFE1A145AFE68" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[758,888,409,434]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E07BFFE1A145AFE68" box="[758,888,409,434]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E06C1FE1A133DFE68" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1874" box="[904,1055,408,434]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E06C1FE1A133DFE68" box="[904,1055,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. peculiaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E0179FE1A138CFE68" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[1072,1198,409,434]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E0179FE1A138CFE68" box="[1072,1198,409,434]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E01F6FE1A1261FE68" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[1215,1347,408,434]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erichtho">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E01F6FE1A1261FE68" box="[1215,1347,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. erichtho</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E05AEFE3F1642FE0F" baseAuthorityName="Weymer" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[231,352,443,469]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E05AEFE3F1642FE0F" box="[231,352,443,469]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. amalda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8BFF9E0426FE3F1535FE0C" author="Forster W." box="[367,535,443,470]" firstAuthor="Forster" journalOrPublisher="Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="51 - 188" part="8" refId="ref40008" refString="Forster W. 1964. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX Lepidoptera III. Satyridae. Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen 8: 51 - 188." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX Lepidoptera III. Satyridae" type="journal article" year="1964">
|
||
Forster (
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FF8BFF9E049BFE38152DFE0C" box="[466,527,443,470]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1964">1964</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E07BAFE381447FE0F" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[755,869,443,469]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E07BAFE381447FE0F" box="[755,869,443,469]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by designating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E0168FE3813D2FE0C" authorityName="- Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[1057,1264,443,470]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E0168FE3813D2FE0C" box="[1057,1264,443,470]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Euptychia fumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FF8BFF9E000DFE3F1255FE0C" box="[1348,1399,444,470]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species and stated: “In this newly erected genus I include some very similar in appearance, large, dorsally unicolorous brown species, which regarding the anatomical structure of the male Genitalia (figs 123– 125) correspond well with one another and are differentiated from all other ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E0124FDA613C6FDE5" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" box="[1133,1252,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E0124FDA613C6FDE5" box="[1133,1252,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Euptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ species by the long, slender subunci and unique, unpaired outgrowths of the tegumen, which are located dorsally over the uncus”. Based on these diagnostic characters, in addition to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FF8BFF9E0163FDEF137FFD5C" box="[1066,1117,620,646]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8BFF9E0185FDEF1254FD5C" author="Forster W." box="[1228,1398,619,646]" firstAuthor="Forster" journalOrPublisher="Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="51 - 188" part="8" refId="ref40008" refString="Forster W. 1964. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX Lepidoptera III. Satyridae. Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen 8: 51 - 188." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX Lepidoptera III. Satyridae" type="journal article" year="1964">
|
||
Forster (
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FF8BFF9E0078FDE8124CFD5C" box="[1329,1390,619,646]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1964">1964</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E040DFD0C1699FD73" baseAuthorityName="Weymer" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[324,443,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E040DFD0C1699FD73" box="[324,443,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. amalda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E04BBFD0C15A9FD73" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[498,651,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E04BBFD0C15A9FD73" box="[498,651,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the genus, and figured the male genitalia for all three species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8BFF9E05F4FD311646FD16" author="Lamas G." box="[189,356,690,716]" editor="Lamas G." firstAuthor="Lamas" journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Scientific Publishers, Gainesville" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="217 - 223" refId="ref40829" refString="Lamas G. 2004. Nymphalidae. Satyrinae. Tribe Satyrini. Subtribe Euptychiina In: Lamas G. (ed.) Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In: Heppner J. B. (ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Volume 5 A: 217 - 223. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Scientific Publishers, Gainesville." title="Nymphalidae. Satyrinae. Tribe Satyrini. Subtribe Euptychiina" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In: Heppner J. B. (ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Volume 5 A" year="2004">
|
||
Lamas (
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FF8BFF9E0457FD31167EFD16" box="[286,348,690,716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2004">2004</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included four species, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E07ADFD30147DFD16" baseAuthorityName="Weymer" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[740,863,690,716]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E07ADFD30147DFD16" box="[740,863,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. amalda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E0638FD3014D1FD16" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[881,1011,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E0638FD3014D1FD16" box="[881,1011,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E014CFD30138AFD16" box="[1029,1192,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E014CFD301386FD16" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[1029,1188,690,716]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">Z. saundersii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E01A0FD30126FFD16" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[1257,1357,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E01A0FD30126FFD16" box="[1257,1357,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. mima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in addition to recognizing one undescribed species (described here as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E0690FD55137FFD35" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[985,1117,726,751]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E0690FD55137FFD35" box="[985,1117,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF8BFF9E012CFD5613E6FD35" box="[1125,1220,725,751]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
). The checklist of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8BFF9E0594FD7A16A3FCC8" author="Lamas G." box="[221,385,760,787]" editor="Lamas G." firstAuthor="Lamas" journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Scientific Publishers, Gainesville" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="217 - 223" refId="ref40829" refString="Lamas G. 2004. Nymphalidae. Satyrinae. Tribe Satyrini. Subtribe Euptychiina In: Lamas G. (ed.) Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In: Heppner J. B. (ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Volume 5 A: 217 - 223. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Scientific Publishers, Gainesville." title="Nymphalidae. Satyrinae. Tribe Satyrini. Subtribe Euptychiina" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In: Heppner J. B. (ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Volume 5 A" year="2004">
|
||
Lamas (
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FF8BFF9E0472FD7B165BFCC8" box="[315,377,760,786]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2004">2004</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E075EFD7B15C5FCC8" authorityName="- Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[535,743,760,786]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E075EFD7B15C5FCC8" box="[535,743,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Euptychia fumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8BFF9E06DFFD7B134FFCC8" author="Butler A. G." box="[918,1133,760,786]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" page="109" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="104 - 110" part="1867" refId="ref39287" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 b. Descriptions of some new species of Satyridae belonging to the genus Euptychia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (1): 104 - 110." title="Descriptions of some new species of Satyridae belonging to the genus Euptychia" type="journal article" year="1867" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Butler
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FF8BFF9E06AEFD7B1307FCC8" box="[999,1061,760,786]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1867">1867</date>
|
||
b: 109
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as a junior subjective synomym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E041CFC9F16F1FCEF" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[341,467,796,821]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E041CFC9F16F1FCEF" box="[341,467,796,821]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E0759FC9F15A2FCEC" authorityName="- Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[528,640,796,822]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E0759FC9F15A2FCEC" box="[528,640,796,822]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. fumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cited by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8BFF9E07BBFC9814E6FCEC" author="Butler A. G." box="[754,964,795,822]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" page="501" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867" yearSuffix="a">Butler 1867a: 501</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as a nomen nudum.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E01F1FC981672FC82" authority="Butler, 1867" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E01F1FC981254FCEF" box="[1208,1398,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Euptychia mima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8BFF9E05F4FCBD1672FC82" author="Butler A. G." box="[189,336,830,856]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a taxon formerly placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E07DFFCBC142AFC83" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[662,776,831,857]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E07DFFCBC142AFC83" box="[662,776,831,857]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was recently made the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FF8BFF9E0168FCBC1376FC83" box="[1057,1108,831,857]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E019CFCBC1254FC83" authorityName="Freitas, Barbosa & Zacca" authorityYear="2018" box="[1237,1398,831,857]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Nhambikuara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E019CFCBC1254FC83" box="[1237,1398,831,857]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nhambikuara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8BFF9E05ABFCE116EFFCA6" author="Freitas A. V. L. & Barbosa E. P. & Zacca T. & Marin M. A. & Beirao M. V. & Silva A. R. M. & Casagrande M. M. & Espeland M. & Willmott K. R." box="[226,461,866,892]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Freitas" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="148 - 158" part="62" refId="ref40036" refString="Freitas A. V. L., Barbosa E. P., Zacca T., Marin M. A., Beirao M. V., Silva A. R. M., Casagrande M. M., Espeland M. & Willmott K. R. 2018. Before it is too late: description of a new genus and species of butterfly from a highly threatened Brazilian biome. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 62: 148 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rbe. 2018.02.003" title="Before it is too late: description of a new genus and species of butterfly from a highly threatened Brazilian biome" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Freitas
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E0470FCE01656FCA6" box="[313,372,866,892]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF23662DFF97FF8205F4F9451247F86E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476682" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3476682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476682/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[189,232,1734,1760]" targetBox="[199,1387,677,1680]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF97FF8205F4F9451247F86E" blockId="13.[189,1399,1734,1972]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF8205F4F945162FF93A" bold="true" box="[189,269,1734,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF82045FF94516AAF93A" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[278,392,1734,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF82045FF94516AAF93A" box="[278,392,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF8204D6F945153BF93A" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[415,537,1734,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF8204D6F945153BF93A" box="[415,537,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”, wing plate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF820645F9451461F93A" bold="true" box="[780,835,1734,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A–B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF82061DF9441381F93B" authority="(Butler, 1867)" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[852,1187,1734,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF82061DF94414CDF93A" box="[852,1007,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Z. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF97FF820148F94513B8F93B" author="Butler A. G." box="[1025,1178,1734,1761]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂ (DZ 37. 029), dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF8204A6F96A150AF8D9" bold="true" box="[495,552,1769,1795]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C–D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF820771F96915F0F8DE" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[568,722,1770,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF820771F96915F0F8DE" box="[568,722,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Z. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀ (DZ 36. 969), dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF820196F9691231F8DE" bold="true" box="[1247,1299,1770,1796]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E–F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF82006DF969169FF8FD" authority="Nakahara & Kleckner" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="josti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF82006DF9691255F8D9" box="[1316,1399,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Z. josti</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara & Kleckner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF97FF82048EF88E1501F8FD" box="[455,547,1805,1831]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, ♀, dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF8206A3F88E1304F8FD" bold="true" box="[1002,1062,1805,1831]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G–H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF82017AF88D13A1F8FD" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[1075,1155,1806,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="josti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF82017AF88D13A1F8FD" box="[1075,1155,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Z. josti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF97FF8201C0F88E13C6F8FD" box="[1161,1252,1805,1831]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype, ♀ (USNM ENT 00233844), dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF820644F8B31414F890" bold="true" box="[781,822,1840,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">I–J</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF82060BF8B2122CF890" authority="Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[834,1294,1840,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mielkeorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF82060BF8B214CBF890" box="[834,1001,1840,1866]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Z. mielkeorum</emphasis>
|
||
Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF97FF82005EF8B31250F890" box="[1303,1394,1840,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF8207C3F8D015E1F8B7" bold="true" box="[650,707,1875,1901]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">K–L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF82079BF8D7145EF8B7" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[722,892,1875,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mielkeorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF82079BF8D7145EF8B7" box="[722,892,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Z. mielkeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF97FF8206CCF8D714C1F8B4" box="[901,995,1876,1902]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 618), dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF8204D2F8F416F9F84B" bold="true" box="[411,475,1911,1937]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M–N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF8204A3F8F414B6F84A" authority="Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[490,916,1910,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warreni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF8204A3F8F41547F84A" box="[490,613,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Z. warreni</emphasis>
|
||
Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF97FF8206E9F8F414DFF84B" box="[928,1021,1911,1937]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF820459F81A1665F869" bold="true" box="[272,327,1945,1971]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O–P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF97FF82041FF81916F3F869" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[342,465,1946,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warreni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF97FF82041FF81916F3F869" box="[342,465,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Z. warreni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF97FF820491F8191517F86E" box="[472,565,1946,1972]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 508), dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF23662DFF94FF8105F4FC091324FADF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476684" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3476684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476684/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[189,232,906,932]" targetBox="[189,1398,265,862]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF94FF8105F4FC091324FADF" blockId="14.[189,1399,906,1285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF8105F4FC09162EFC7E" bold="true" box="[189,268,906,932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF94FF81045CFC0916A5FC7E" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[277,391,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF81045CFC0916A5FC7E" box="[277,391,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF94FF8104D4FC0816DEFC7E" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[413,508,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF8104D4FC0816DEFC7E" box="[413,508,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”, male genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF81065FFC091409FC7E" bold="true" box="[790,811,906,932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF94FF810672FC08135CFC7E" authority="(Weymer, 1911)" authorityName="Weymer" authorityYear="1911" baseAuthorityName="Weymer" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[827,1150,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF810672FC081496FC7E" box="[827,948,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. amalda</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF94FF81068DFC091357FC7E" author="Weymer G." box="[964,1141,906,932]" editor="Seitz A." firstAuthor="Weymer" journalOrPublisher="Kernen, Stuttgart" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="173 - 283" refId="ref42543" refString="Weymer G. 1911. 4. Familie: Satyridae: 173 - 283. In: Seitz A. (ed.) Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 5. A. Kernen, Stuttgart." title="Familie: Satyridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 5. A" year="1911">Weymer, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lectotype, ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (winglet on aedeagus shown inside rectangle) (Genitalic vial: SN-17- 21).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF8105BDFC52162AFC31" bold="true" box="[244,264,977,1003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF94FF81045EFC5216DCFC30" authority="Nakahara" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[279,510,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctoa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF81045EFC5216A1FC30" box="[279,387,977,1002]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. arctoa</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF94FF810742FC521548FC31" box="[523,618,977,1003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: SN-17-9).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF8105F4FC7017F0FBD7" bold="true" box="[189,210,1011,1037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF94FF8105A9FC76154AFBD4" authority="Nakahara & Zacca" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[224,616,1012,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chullachaki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF8105A9FC7616A4FBD4" box="[224,390,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. chullachaki</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara & Zacca
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF94FF81073AFC7715ECFBD4" box="[627,718,1012,1038]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 21. 235).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF810462FB941662FBEB" bold="true" box="[299,320,1047,1073]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF94FF810407FB9B15ECFBEB" authority="Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[334,718,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baku" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF810407FB9B1687FBEB" box="[334,421,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. baku</emphasis>
|
||
Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF94FF810790FB941417FBEB" box="[729,821,1047,1073]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 573).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF8104DEFBB91689FB8E" bold="true" box="[407,427,1082,1108]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF94FF8104F4FBB814BEFB8E" authority="Nakahara, Willmott & Hall" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[445,924,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF8104F4FBB81566FB8E" box="[445,580,1083,1108]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara, Willmott & Hall
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF94FF8106E5FBB8132FFB8F" box="[940,1037,1083,1109]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: SN-17-16).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF8107C8FBDD15B1FBA2" bold="true" box="[641,659,1118,1144]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF94FF8107EDFBDD13C6FBA2" authority="Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[676,1252,1117,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrosflecha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF8107EDFBDD1446FBAD" box="[676,868,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. argyrosflecha</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF94FF8101BAFBDD1272FBA2" box="[1267,1360,1118,1144]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (two winglets on aedeagus shown inside rectangle) (Genitalic vial: M-9142
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF81046EFB211666FB64" bold="true" box="[295,324,1186,1214]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">♂,</emphasis>
|
||
Lee D. Miller).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF81075DFB201509FB67" bold="true" box="[532,555,1187,1213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF94FF810774FB26159DFB64" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[573,703,1189,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF810774FB26159DFB64" box="[573,703,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Godart, [1824]), ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 578).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF81075FFB44150FFB3B" bold="true" box="[534,557,1223,1249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF94FF810776FB4B1482FB3B" authority="Nakahara & Petit" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[575,928,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abanico" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF810776FB4B15E2FB3B" box="[575,704,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. abanico</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara & Petit
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF94FF8106E7FB44132DFB3B" box="[942,1039,1223,1249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: 575/19.07.2017, J. Lorenc-Brudecka, MZUJ).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF23662DFF94FF8105F4F89E1314F87A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3476686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476686/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[189,232,1821,1847]" targetBox="[189,1398,1334,1776]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF94FF8105F4F89E1314F87A" blockId="14.[189,1398,1821,1953]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF8105F4F89E162BF8ED" bold="true" box="[189,265,1821,1847]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF94FF810447F89E16A2F8ED" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[270,384,1821,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF810447F89E16A2F8ED" box="[270,384,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF94FF8104DAF89E152FF8ED" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[403,525,1821,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF8104DAF89E152FF8ED" box="[403,525,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”, male genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF810655F89E1413F8ED" bold="true" box="[796,817,1821,1847]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF94FF810677F89D13A0F8E2" authority="(Butler, 1867)" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[830,1154,1821,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF810677F89D14F4F8ED" box="[830,982,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF94FF8106ADF89E135AF8E2" author="Butler A. G." box="[996,1144,1821,1848]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 21. 221).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF8107A1F8C315DEF880" bold="true" box="[744,764,1856,1882]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF94FF810642F8C213C6F880" authority="Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[779,1252,1856,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mielkeorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF810642F8C21496F880" box="[779,948,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. mielkeorum</emphasis>
|
||
Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF94FF8101B9F8C3126FF880" box="[1264,1357,1856,1882]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 21. 200).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF8106E5F8E014E3F8A7" bold="true" box="[940,961,1891,1917]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF94FF810686F8E71250F8A7" authority="Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[975,1394,1891,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warreni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF94FF810686F8E7136BF8A7" box="[975,1097,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Z. warreni</emphasis>
|
||
Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF94FF8105F4F8041638F87B" box="[189,282,1927,1953]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial DZ 21. 214).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF23662DFF95FF8005F4F9011416F8F3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476688" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3476688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476688/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[189,232,1666,1692]" targetBox="[189,1398,270,1610]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF95FF8005F4F9011416F8F3" blockId="15.[189,1399,1666,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF95FF8005F4F901162BF946" bold="true" box="[189,265,1666,1692]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF95FF800446F90116A3F946" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[271,385,1666,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF95FF800446F90116A3F946" box="[271,385,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF95FF8004DCF90016D6F946" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[405,500,1667,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF95FF8004DCF90016D6F946" box="[405,500,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”, female genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF95FF800653F9011473F946" bold="true" box="[794,849,1666,1692]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A–B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF95FF800616F90013CAF946" authority="Nakahara & Zacca" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[863,1256,1666,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chullachaki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF95FF800616F9001324F946" box="[863,1030,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Z. chullachaki</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara & Zacca
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF95FF8001BAF901126DF946" box="[1267,1359,1666,1692]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial DZ 36. 508).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF95FF80066CF926147CF965" bold="true" box="[805,862,1701,1727]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C–D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF95FF800622F92513CBF965" authority="Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[875,1257,1701,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baku" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF95FF800622F92514E3F965" box="[875,961,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Z. baku</emphasis>
|
||
Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF95FF8001BAF925126DF91A" box="[1267,1359,1702,1728]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 571).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF95FF800604F94B14A3F938" bold="true" box="[845,897,1736,1762]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E–F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF95FF8006DAF94A1250F938" authority="Nakahara, Willmott & Hall" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[915,1394,1736,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF95FF8006DAF94A1338F938" box="[915,1050,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara, Willmott & Hall
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF95FF8005F4F96F163BF8DC" box="[189,281,1772,1798]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: SN-17-174).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF95FF8006F4F96814DBF8DF" bold="true" box="[957,1017,1771,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G–H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF95FF80014EF96F13A6F8DF" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[1031,1156,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF95FF80014EF96F13A6F8DF" box="[1031,1156,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Z. pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Godart, [1824]), ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 731).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF23662DFF8AFF9F05F4F9CB1361F935" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476690" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3476690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476690/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[189,232,1608,1634]" targetBox="[189,1398,265,1555]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF8AFF9F05F4F9CB1361F935" blockId="16.[189,1399,1608,1775]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8AFF9F05F4F9CB1628F9B8" bold="true" box="[189,266,1608,1634]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8AFF9F0458F9CB16A1F9B8" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[273,387,1608,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8AFF9F0458F9CB16A1F9B8" box="[273,387,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8AFF9F04D1F9CB1530F9B8" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[408,530,1608,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8AFF9F04D1F9CB1530F9B8" box="[408,530,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”, female genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8AFF9F0674F9CB1456F9B8" bold="true" box="[829,884,1608,1634]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A–B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8AFF9F06CAF9CA13E9F9B9" authority="(Butler, 1867)" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[899,1227,1608,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8AFF9F06CAF9CA133EF9B8" box="[899,1052,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8AFF9F0165F9CB13E0F9B9" author="Butler A. G." box="[1068,1218,1608,1635]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 969).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8AFF9F07F2F9E815D6F95F" bold="true" box="[699,756,1643,1669]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C–D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8AFF9F064AF9EF1342F95F" authority="Nakahara & Kleckner" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[771,1120,1643,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="josti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8AFF9F064AF9EF1477F95F" box="[771,853,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. josti</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara & Kleckner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF8AFF9F0125F9EF13E8F95C" box="[1132,1226,1644,1670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: 2018-002, D.J. Harvey).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8AFF9F0605F90D14A2F972" bold="true" box="[844,896,1678,1704]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E–F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8AFF9F06D8F90C1250F973" authority="Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[913,1394,1678,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mielkeorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8AFF9F06D8F90C131EF972" box="[913,1084,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. mielkeorum</emphasis>
|
||
Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF8AFF9F05F4F931163FF916" box="[189,285,1714,1740]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 688).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8AFF9F06B9F932130EF911" bold="true" box="[1008,1068,1713,1739]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G–H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8AFF9F0177F9311616F935" authority="Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warreni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8AFF9F0177F931139FF911" box="[1086,1213,1714,1739]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. warreni</emphasis>
|
||
Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF8AFF9F0476F95616BEF935" box="[319,412,1749,1775]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 731).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFF8BFF9E05F4FC2016DFFA96" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF8BFF9E05F4FC201572FC67" blockId="17.[189,592,931,957]" box="[189,592,931,957]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FF8BFF9E05F4FC201572FC67" bold="true" box="[189,592,931,957]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E05F4FC201572FC67" bold="true" box="[189,592,931,957]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution and natural history</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF8BFF9E05F4FC5116DFFA96" blockId="17.[189,1399,978,1356]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
All confirmed records for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E04B3FC51154EFC36" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[506,620,978,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E04B3FC51154EFC36" box="[506,620,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are exclusively east of the Andes (but see also discussion under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E05F4FC75161BFBD5" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,313,1013,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abanico" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E05F4FC75161BFBD5" box="[189,313,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. abanico</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF8BFF9E0477FC7616B9FBD5" box="[318,411,1013,1039]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
), where species are found from sea level up to about
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FF8BFF9E06BEFC761370FBD5" box="[1015,1106,1013,1039]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
|
||
. The known distributions of a number of species are highly restricted, with typically only a single species occurring in a particular locality, although label data suggest local sympatry between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E06E6FBBF1250FB8F" authority="Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[943,1394,1083,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warreni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E06E6FBBF130DFB8F" box="[943,1071,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. warreni</emphasis>
|
||
Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF8BFF9E05F4FBDC1634FBA3" box="[189,278,1119,1145]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E0403FBDC16E4FBA2" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[330,454,1119,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E0403FBDC16E4FBA2" box="[330,454,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FF8BFF9E07C9FBDD15E9FBA2" box="[640,715,1118,1144]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E064DFBDC13C7FBA3" authority="Nakahara & Zacca" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[772,1253,1118,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chullachaki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E064DFBDC1326FBA3" box="[772,1028,1119,1145]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Zischkaia chullachaki</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara & Zacca
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF8BFF9E01A7FBDC1265FBA3" box="[1262,1351,1119,1145]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E05F4FB001677FB46" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[189,341,1154,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E05F4FB001677FB46" box="[189,341,1154,1180]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FF8BFF9E075AFB01156FFB46" box="[531,589,1154,1180]" name="Peru" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Perhaps notably, these two cases concern species in the two different clades, with no known cases of sympatry in members of the same clade. There are a few published observations on the behavior of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E070FFB4B159AFB38" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[582,696,1224,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E070FFB4B159AFB38" box="[582,696,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are typically found in forest in close proximity to patches of bamboo (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E04E4FB681531FADF" box="[429,531,1259,1285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E0756FB6815F3FADC" authorityName="Luerssen" authorityYear="1893" box="[543,721,1259,1286]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bambusoideae">Bambusoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), their likely hostplant;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8BFF9E06A3FB6F13B2FADF" author="Brown K. S." box="[1002,1168,1259,1286]" editor="Morellato L. P. C." firstAuthor="Brown" journalOrPublisher="Campinas, Editora da Unicamp / Fapesp" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="142 - 187" refId="ref39115" refString="Brown K. S. 1992. Borboletas da Serra do Japi: Diversidade, habitats, recursos alimentares e variacao temporal. In: Morellato L. P. C. (ed.) Historia natural da Serra do Japi. Ecologia e Preservacao de uma Area florestal no Sudeste do Brasil: 142 - 187. Campinas, Editora da Unicamp / Fapesp." title="Borboletas da Serra do Japi: Diversidade, habitats, recursos alimentares e variacao temporal" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Historia natural da Serra do Japi. Ecologia e Preservacao de uma Area florestal no Sudeste do Brasil" year="1992">Brown (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E0597FA8C167FFAF2" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[222,349,1295,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E0597FA8C167FFAF2" box="[222,349,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using “bamboo”, as did Freitas in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8BFF9E07B5FA8D132EFAF3" author="Beccaloni G. W. & Viloria A. L. & Hall S. K. & Robinson G. S." box="[764,1036,1294,1321]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Beccaloni" journalOrPublisher="Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, Zaragoza" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref39011" refString="Beccaloni G. W., Viloria A. L., Hall S. K. & Robinson G. S. 2008. Catalogue of the Hostplants of the Neotropical Butterflies. Catalogo de las Plantas Huesped de las Mariposas Neotropicales. Monografias del Tercer Milenio 8. Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, Zaragoza." title="Catalogue of the Hostplants of the Neotropical Butterflies. Catalogo de las Plantas Huesped de las Mariposas Neotropicales. Monografias del Tercer Milenio 8" type="book" year="2008">
|
||
Beccaloni
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E0633FA8C1494FAF3" box="[890,950,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see also natural history notes under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E044EFAB016A8FA96" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[263,394,1331,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E044EFAB016A8FA96" box="[263,394,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF8BFF9E04D8FAB116D2FA96" box="[401,496,1330,1356]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF23662DFF8BFF9E05F4F82F14B1F833" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476692" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3476692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476692/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[189,232,1964,1990]" targetBox="[189,1398,1457,1912]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF8BFF9E05F4F82F14B1F833" blockId="17.[189,1399,1964,2026]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E05F4F82F1628F81C" bold="true" box="[189,266,1964,1990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Fultura inferior (i.e., juxta).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E0715F82F1553F81C" bold="true" box="[604,625,1964,1990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E07C9F82F147AF81C" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[640,856,1964,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E07C9F82F147AF81C" box="[640,856,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Zischkaia pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Godart, [1824]) (DZ 5. 578), in ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E05F4F85317F3F830" bold="true" box="[189,209,2000,2026]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF8BFF9E0596F8531506F830" authority="(Butler, 1867)" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[223,548,1999,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF8BFF9E0596F853165AF830" box="[223,376,2000,2026]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF8BFF9E04C1F84C153EF830" author="Butler A. G." box="[392,540,1999,2026]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(DZ 5. 580), in posterior view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFF88FF9D05F4FE8815F1FC97" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05F4FE8816AFFEFF" blockId="18.[189,397,267,293]" box="[189,397,267,293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FF88FF9D05F4FE8816AFFEFF" bold="true" box="[189,397,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D05F4FE8816AFFEFF" bold="true" box="[189,397,267,293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Species accounts</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05F4FEB916F0FE8E" blockId="18.[189,860,314,845]" box="[189,466,314,341]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D05F4FEB916F0FE8E" authority="Forster" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[189,466,314,341]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D05F4FEB9160DFE8E" box="[189,303,314,340]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF88FF9D047FFEB816F0FE8E" author="Forster W." box="[310,466,314,341]" firstAuthor="Forster" journalOrPublisher="Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="51 - 188" part="8" refId="ref40008" refString="Forster W. 1964. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX Lepidoptera III. Satyridae. Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen 8: 51 - 188." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX Lepidoptera III. Satyridae" type="journal article" year="1964">Forster, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05AAFEDD16DDFEA2" blockId="18.[189,860,314,845]" box="[227,511,350,376]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D05AAFEDD16DDFEA2" authority="(Weymer, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Weymer" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[227,511,350,376]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D05AAFEDD1619FEA2" box="[227,315,350,376]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">amalda</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF88FF9D0403FEDD16D5FEA2" author="Weymer G." box="[330,503,350,376]" editor="Seitz A." firstAuthor="Weymer" journalOrPublisher="Kernen, Stuttgart" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="173 - 283" refId="ref42543" refString="Weymer G. 1911. 4. Familie: Satyridae: 173 - 283. In: Seitz A. (ed.) Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 5. A. Kernen, Stuttgart." title="Familie: Satyridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 5. A" year="1911">Weymer, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05AAFE00152DFE47" blockId="18.[189,860,314,845]" box="[227,527,386,413]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D05AAFE00168BFE46" authority="Nakahara" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[227,425,386,412]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctoa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D05AAFE00160DFE46" box="[227,303,387,412]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arctoa</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF88FF9D04FCFE00152DFE47" box="[437,527,387,413]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05AAFE25159AFE1B" blockId="18.[189,860,314,845]" box="[227,696,422,449]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D05AAFE251570FE1B" authority="Nakahara & Zacca" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[227,594,422,449]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chullachaki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D05AAFE25164EFE1A" box="[227,364,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">chullachaki</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara & Zacca
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF88FF9D0714FE24159AFE1B" box="[605,696,423,449]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05AAFE491592FE3F" blockId="18.[189,860,314,845]" box="[227,688,458,485]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D05AAFE491568FE3E" authority="Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[227,586,458,485]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baku" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D05AAFE49163EFE3E" box="[227,284,458,484]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">baku</emphasis>
|
||
Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF88FF9D071CFE481592FE3F" box="[597,688,459,485]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05AAFE6C15D5FDD3" blockId="18.[189,860,314,845]" box="[227,759,494,521]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D05AAFE6C15B2FDD2" authority="Nakahara, Willmott & Hall" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[227,656,494,521]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D05AAFE6C1665FDD2" box="[227,327,495,520]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara, Willmott & Hall
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF88FF9D07D5FE6C15D5FDD3" box="[668,759,495,521]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05AAFD90147EFDF7" blockId="18.[189,860,314,845]" box="[227,860,530,557]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D05AAFD9015D4FDF7" authority="Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[227,758,530,557]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrosflecha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D05AAFD9016A0FDF7" box="[227,386,531,557]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">argyrosflecha</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF88FF9D064BFD90147EFDF7" box="[770,860,531,557]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05AAFDB41529FD8B" blockId="18.[189,860,314,845]" box="[227,523,566,593]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D05AAFDB41660FD8A" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[227,322,567,592]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D05AAFDB41660FD8A" box="[227,322,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Godart, [1824])
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D0440FDD81592FDAF" blockId="18.[189,860,314,845]" box="[265,688,602,629]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D0469FDD8150CFDAF" authority="(Butler, 1867 a)" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[288,558,602,629]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D0469FDD81653FDAF" box="[288,369,603,629]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">fumata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF88FF9D04C8FDD81504FDAF" author="Butler A. G." box="[385,550,602,629]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867" yearSuffix="a">Butler, 1867a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nom. nud.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D0440FDFC150FFD40" blockId="18.[189,860,314,845]" box="[265,557,639,666]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D0469FDFC150FFD40" authority="(Butler, 1867 b)" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[288,557,639,666]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D0469FDFC1653FD43" box="[288,369,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">fumata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF88FF9D04C8FDFC1506FD40" author="Butler A. G." box="[385,548,639,666]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="104 - 110" part="1867" refId="ref39287" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 b. Descriptions of some new species of Satyridae belonging to the genus Euptychia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (1): 104 - 110." title="Descriptions of some new species of Satyridae belonging to the genus Euptychia" type="journal article" year="1867" yearSuffix="b">Butler, 1867b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05AAFD20155CFD67" blockId="18.[189,860,314,845]" box="[227,638,675,701]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D05AAFD201535FD67" authority="Nakahara & Petit" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[227,535,675,701]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abanico" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D05AAFD201660FD67" box="[227,322,675,701]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">abanico</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara & Petit
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF88FF9D076AFD20155CFD67" box="[547,638,675,701]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05AAFD44152BFD38" blockId="18.[189,860,314,845]" box="[227,521,711,738]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D05AAFD44152BFD38" authority="(Butler, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[227,521,711,738]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D05AAFD44167FFD3B" box="[227,349,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF88FF9D0425FD441523FD38" author="Butler A. G." box="[364,513,711,738]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05AAFD6F15A4FCDF" blockId="18.[189,860,314,845]" box="[227,646,747,773]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D05AAFD6F153DFCDF" authority="Nakahara & Kleckner" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[227,543,747,773]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="josti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D05AAFD6F1634FCDF" box="[227,278,748,773]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">josti</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara & Kleckner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF88FF9D0762FD6815A4FCDF" box="[555,646,747,773]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05AAFC8C1423FCF3" blockId="18.[189,860,314,845]" box="[227,769,783,809]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D05AAFC8C15B9FCF3" authority="Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[227,667,783,809]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mielkeorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D05AAFC8C164FFCF3" box="[227,365,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">mielkeorum</emphasis>
|
||
Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF88FF9D07EEFC8C1423FCF3" box="[679,769,783,809]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05AAFCB715F1FC97" blockId="18.[189,860,314,845]" box="[227,723,819,845]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D05AAFCB7154FFC97" authority="Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[227,621,819,845]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warreni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D05AAFCB7161DFC97" box="[227,319,820,845]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">warreni</emphasis>
|
||
Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF88FF9D0731FCB015F1FC97" box="[632,723,819,845]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFF88FF9D05F4FCF61529FC4A" box="[189,523,885,912]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05F4FCF61529FC4A" blockId="18.[189,523,885,912]" box="[189,523,885,912]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FF88FF9D05F4FCF61529FC4A" bold="true" box="[189,523,885,912]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D05F4FCF61529FC4A" bold="true" box="[189,523,885,912]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Key to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D04DDFCF61529FC4A" ID-CoL="92QTH" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[404,523,885,912]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D04DDFCF61529FC4A" bold="true" box="[404,523,885,912]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFF88FF9C05F4FC261255FA37" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="key">
|
||
<keyStep id="30A82E00FF88FF9D05F4FC261255FAFD" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF88FF9D05F4FC261255FAFD" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05F4FC261255FBA9" blockId="18.[189,1399,932,1320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
DFW and DHW androconial scales present in males; projection from posterior region of tegumen above uncus ‘tusk’-like; uncus narrow and long, somewhat curving down, terminating in a small ‘bulb’ in lateral view; brachia curved dorsally; valva rather short in lateral view, apical point does not extend beyond that of uncus; tip of anterior projection of saccus extends further than tegumen in lateral view; fultura inferior (i.e., juxta) appears as a thin strip in posterior view; developed sclerotized halfring in median region of ductus bursae present........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D01F9FBDA1213FBA9" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[1200,1329,1113,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D01F9FBDA1213FBA9" bold="true" box="[1200,1329,1113,1139]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D0588FBFE1255FAFD" blockId="18.[189,1399,932,1320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
DFW and DHW androconial scales absent in males; projection from posterior region of tegumen above uncus ‘bulb’-like; uncus appearing straight in lateral view; valva apical point extends beyond that of uncus; tip of anterior projection of saccus does not extend beyond tegumen in lateral view; fultura inferior (i.e., juxta) appears as a developed plate in posterior view; developed sclerotized half-ring in median region of ductus bursae absent or reduced...........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D01DAFA8D1210FAF2" ID-CoL="5D5RH" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1171,1330,1293,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D01DAFA8D1210FAF2" bold="true" box="[1171,1330,1293,1320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<subSection id="E2D32F4EFF88FF9D05F4FACD16AEFAB2" box="[189,396,1358,1385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05F4FACD16AEFAB2" blockId="18.[189,396,1358,1385]" box="[189,396,1358,1385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FF88FF9D05F4FACD16AEFAB2" bold="true" box="[189,396,1358,1385]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D05F4FACD16AEFAB2" bold="true" box="[189,396,1358,1385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D0585FACC160EFAB3" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[204,300,1359,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D0585FACC160EFAB3" bold="true" box="[204,300,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A82E00FF88FF9D05F4FAFD1255F9DE" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05F4FAFD1255FA66" blockId="18.[189,1399,1405,1540]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF88FF9D05F4FAFD1255FA66" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
1. VHW ocelli elongated (ocelli in VHW cells M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF88FF9D0643FA0C1431FA47" attach="left" box="[778,787,1423,1437]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">2</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF88FF9D067EFA0C1462FA47" attach="left" box="[823,832,1423,1437]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3</subScript>
|
||
, M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF88FF9D0621FA0C1453FA47" attach="left" box="[872,881,1423,1437]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3</subScript>
|
||
-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF88FF9D06D5FA0C1487FA47" attach="left" box="[924,933,1423,1437]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1</subScript>
|
||
, and Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF88FF9D014EFA0C1332FA47" attach="left" box="[1031,1040,1423,1437]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1</subScript>
|
||
-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF88FF9D0172FA0C1366FA47" attach="left" box="[1083,1092,1423,1437]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">2</subScript>
|
||
occupying more than half space between submedian line and submarginal line)....................................................................... 2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D0588FA451255F9DE" blockId="18.[189,1399,1405,1540]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF88FF9D0588FA451255F9DE" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
– VHW ocelli not elongated, rather circular (ocelli in VHW cells M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF88FF9D0179FA54131BFA3F" attach="right" box="[1072,1081,1495,1509]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">2</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF88FF9D0115FA541347FA3F" attach="left" box="[1116,1125,1495,1509]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3</subScript>
|
||
, M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF88FF9D01DDFA5413BFFA3F" attach="left" box="[1172,1181,1495,1509]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3</subScript>
|
||
-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF88FF9D0181FA5413F3FA3F" attach="left" box="[1224,1233,1495,1509]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1</subScript>
|
||
and Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF88FF9D0070FA541260FA3F" attach="left" box="[1337,1346,1495,1509]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1</subScript>
|
||
-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF88FF9D0027FA541255FA3F" attach="left" box="[1390,1399,1495,1509]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">2</subScript>
|
||
occupying less than half space between submedian line and submarginal line) ............................... 3
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A82E00FF88FF9D05F4F9AF1255F8C5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05F4F9AF1255F968" blockId="18.[189,1399,1580,1823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF88FF9D05F4F9AF1255F968" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
2. Prominent ocellus absent in VHW Rs-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF88FF9D07AAF9BD15CEF996" attach="left" box="[739,748,1598,1612]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1</subScript>
|
||
; lack of silverish-purple scales on the basal side of VHW ocelli (distad of submedian line); one winglet on aedeagus; aedeagus winglet obtuseangled; ventral margin of apical process of valva not concave; saccus longer than ventral margin of valva
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D0462F91A1419F968" box="[299,827,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">........................................................................</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D0609F91B1232F968" authority="Nakahara, Willmott & Hall" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[832,1296,1688,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D0609F91B14E5F968" bold="true" box="[832,967,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara, Willmott & Hall
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF88FF9D0055F91B1255F968" box="[1308,1399,1688,1714]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D0588F93E1255F8C5" blockId="18.[189,1399,1580,1823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF88FF9D0588F93E1255F8C5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
– Prominent ocellus present in VHW Rs-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF88FF9D079EF94D15C2F906" attach="left" box="[727,736,1742,1756]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1</subScript>
|
||
; two winglets on aedeagus; aedeagus winglet an acuteangled triangle; ventral margin of apical process of valva concave; saccus shorter than ventral margin of valva
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D0419F88615F7F8C4" box="[336,725,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">.....................................................</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF88FF9D079EF8861232F8C5" authority="Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[727,1296,1796,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrosflecha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF88FF9D079EF88614BFF8C5" bold="true" box="[727,925,1796,1823]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. argyrosflecha</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF88FF9D0055F8861255F8C5" box="[1308,1399,1797,1823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A82E00FF88FF9D05F4F8C51255F85F" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05F4F8C51255F8BB" blockId="18.[189,1399,1862,1925]" box="[189,1399,1862,1889]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF88FF9D05F4F8C51255F8BB" box="[189,1399,1862,1889]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3. Apical process of valva somewhat rectangular with a convex distal margin .................................... 7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D0588F8E81255F85F" blockId="18.[189,1399,1862,1925]" box="[193,1399,1898,1925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF88FF9D0588F8E81255F85F" box="[193,1399,1898,1925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">– Apical process of valva somewhat subtriangular ............................................................................. 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A82E00FF88FF9C05F4F82E1255FE93" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF88FF9D05F4F82E1255F831" blockId="18.[189,1399,1965,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF88FF9D05F4F82E1255F831" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
4. Adults small (forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FF88FF9D0715F82E15C0F81D" box="[604,738,1965,1991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="21.0">21–23 mm</quantity>
|
||
); male dorsal androconial scales rather indistinct; from Andean foothills................................................................................................................................. 5
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF89FF9C0588FE8F1255FE93" blockId="19.[193,1399,267,329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF89FF9C0588FE8F1255FE93" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
– Adults large (forewing length around
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FF89FF9C07D6FE8815D7FEFC" box="[671,757,267,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
); male dorsal androconial scales distinct; from Amazon Basin .................................................................................................................................................. 6
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A82E00FF89FF9C05F4FEF31254FE2F" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF89FF9C05F4FEF31255FE75" blockId="19.[189,1399,368,502]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF89FF9C05F4FEF31255FE75" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
5. Apical process of valva somewhat elongate; ventral margin of apical process of valva convex; from Cordillera de la Costa (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FF89FF9C04B3FE171555FE75" box="[506,631,404,431]" name="Venezuela" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C07CDFE161304FE74" box="[644,1062,405,430]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">.........................................................</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF89FF9C0160FE161232FE74" authority="Nakahara" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[1065,1296,404,431]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctoa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C0160FE1613B4FE75" bold="true" box="[1065,1174,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Z. arctoa</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF89FF9C0055FE161255FE75" box="[1308,1399,405,431]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF89FF9C0588FE3B1254FE2F" blockId="19.[189,1399,368,502]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF89FF9C0588FE3B1254FE2F" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
– Apical process of valva not elongate; ventral margin of apical process of valva almost straight or concave; from Andean foothills of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FF89FF9C07CDFE5F1598FE2C" box="[644,698,476,502]" name="Peru" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FF89FF9C07BAFE58146BFE2F" box="[755,841,475,501]" name="Bolivia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C0603FE5F1317FE2F" box="[842,1077,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">................................</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF89FF9C0171FE5F1254FE2F" authority="(Weymer, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Weymer" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1080,1398,475,502]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C0171FE5F1390FE2C" bold="true" box="[1080,1202,475,502]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Z. amalda</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF89FF9C0188FE58124CFE2F" author="Weymer G." box="[1217,1390,475,501]" editor="Seitz A." firstAuthor="Weymer" journalOrPublisher="Kernen, Stuttgart" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="173 - 283" refId="ref42543" refString="Weymer G. 1911. 4. Familie: Satyridae: 173 - 283. In: Seitz A. (ed.) Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 5. A. Kernen, Stuttgart." title="Familie: Satyridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 5. A" year="1911">Weymer, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A82E00FF89FF9C05F4FD9E1255FD1C" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF89FF9C05F4FD9E1255FD81" blockId="19.[189,1399,541,710]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF89FF9C05F4FD9E1255FD81" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
6. Posterior projection of tegumen rather straight; winglet of aedeagus reduced, almost absent; lamella antevaginalis developed as a tube around ductus bursae
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C063FFDC214A7FD80" box="[886,901,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">..</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF89FF9C06CFFDC21233FD80" authority="Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[902,1297,576,603]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baku" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C06CFFDC214C0FD81" bold="true" box="[902,994,576,603]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Z. baku</emphasis>
|
||
Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF89FF9C0055FDC21255FD81" box="[1308,1399,577,603]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF89FF9C0588FDE61255FD1C" blockId="19.[189,1399,541,710]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF89FF9C0588FDE61255FD1C" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
– Posterior projection of tegumen curved; winglet of aedeagus prominent, clearly visible; lamella antevaginalis not developed as a tube around ductus bursae
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C0473FD2F1454FD1F" box="[314,886,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">..............................................................................</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF89FF9C0633FD281233FD1C" authority="Nakahara & Zacca" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[890,1297,683,710]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chullachaki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C0633FD281308FD1C" bold="true" box="[890,1066,683,710]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Z. chullachaki</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara & Zacca
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF89FF9C0055FD2F1255FD1C" box="[1308,1399,684,710]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF89FF9C05F4FD6E1255FCF1" blockId="19.[189,1399,748,811]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<keyStep id="30A82E00FF89FF9C05F4FD6E1255FCF1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF89FF9C05F4FD6E1255FCF1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
7. Southern and southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FF89FF9C0766FD6E1555FCDD" box="[559,631,749,775]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
to northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FF89FF9C067AFD6E148AFCDD" box="[819,936,749,775]" name="Argentina" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
.................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF89FF9C0165FD6E138FFCDD" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[1068,1197,749,775]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C0165FD6E138FFCDD" bold="true" box="[1068,1197,749,775]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Z. pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Godart, [1824]) – Tropical Andes of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FF89FF9C048DFC93151AFCF0" box="[452,568,784,810]" name="Colombia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FF89FF9C0738FC9315F1FCF0" box="[625,723,784,810]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
...............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF89FF9C06F3FC921233FCF0" authority="Nakahara & Petit" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[954,1297,784,811]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abanico" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C06F3FC921318FCF1" bold="true" box="[954,1082,784,811]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Z. abanico</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara & Petit
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF89FF9C0055FC921255FCF1" box="[1308,1399,785,811]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="E2D32F4EFF89FF9C05F4FCD11688FCB6" box="[189,426,850,877]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF89FF9C05F4FCD11688FCB6" blockId="19.[189,426,850,877]" box="[189,426,850,877]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FF89FF9C05F4FCD11688FCB6" bold="true" box="[189,426,850,877]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C05F4FCD11688FCB6" bold="true" box="[189,426,850,877]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF89FF9C0585FCD11668FCB7" ID-CoL="5D5RH" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[204,330,850,877]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C0585FCD11668FCB7" bold="true" box="[204,330,850,877]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A82E00FF89FF9C05F4FC021255FBDC" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF89FF9C05F4FC021254FC65" blockId="19.[189,1399,897,1030]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF89FF9C05F4FC021254FC65" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
1. VHW marked with prominent blue/grayish shading between submedian line and marginal line; signa long, extending almost entire length of corpus bursae
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C06EBFC261304FC64" box="[930,1062,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">..................</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF89FF9C0165FC261254FC65" ID-CoL="5D5RH" authority="(Butler, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1068,1398,932,959]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C0165FC2613E9FC65" bold="true" box="[1068,1227,932,959]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Z. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF89FF9C0190FC27124CFC65" author="Butler A. G." box="[1241,1390,932,959]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="458 - 504" part="1866" refId="ref39228" refString="Butler A. G. 1867 a. A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (3): 458 - 504." title="A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF89FF9C0588FC4A1255FBDC" blockId="19.[189,1399,897,1030]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF89FF9C0588FC4A1255FBDC" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">– VHW not marked with prominent blue/grayish shading between submedian line and marginal line; signa not extending across the entire corpus bursae.......................................................................... 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A82E00FF89FF9C05F4FBAE1255FB23" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF89FF9C05F4FBAE1255FB55" blockId="19.[189,1399,1069,1274]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF89FF9C05F4FBAE1255FB55" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
2. DHW submarginal and marginal line clearly visible; ocellus in VHW M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF89FF9C0118FBBC1378FB97" attach="left" box="[1105,1114,1087,1101]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF89FF9C0137FBBC13A5FB97" attach="left" box="[1150,1159,1087,1101]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</subScript>
|
||
often less than half size of that in VHW M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF89FF9C0758FBE01538FBAB" attach="left" box="[529,538,1123,1137]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF89FF9C0777FBE01565FBAB" attach="left" box="[574,583,1123,1137]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">3</subScript>
|
||
; median line and submarginal line fused immediately after 2A in males ............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF89FF9C062DFBF61233FB54" authority="Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[868,1297,1140,1167]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warreni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C062DFBF614C1FB54" bold="true" box="[868,995,1140,1167]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Z. warreni</emphasis>
|
||
Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF89FF9C0055FBF61255FB55" box="[1308,1399,1141,1167]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF89FF9C0588FB1B1255FB23" blockId="19.[189,1399,1069,1274]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF89FF9C0588FB1B1255FB23" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
– DHW submarginal and marginal line almost invisible; ocellus in VHW M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF89FF9C0105FB291377FB62" attach="left" box="[1100,1109,1194,1208]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF89FF9C0131FB2913A3FB62" attach="left" box="[1144,1153,1194,1208]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</subScript>
|
||
often about half size (or larger) of that in VHW M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF89FF9C0774FB4E1564FB01" attach="left" box="[573,582,1229,1243]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF89FF9C0720FB4E1550FB01" attach="left" box="[617,626,1229,1243]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">3</subScript>
|
||
; median line and submarginal line not fused immediately after 2A in males ............................................................................................................................................. 3
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A82E00FF89FF9C05F4FAA21255FA37" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF89FF9C05F4FAA21255FA58" blockId="19.[189,1399,1313,1517]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF89FF9C05F4FAA21255FA58" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
3. VHW ocelli in M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF89FF9C04F3FAB016E1FA9B" attach="left" box="[442,451,1331,1345]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF89FF9C04AFFAB016CDFA9B" attach="left" box="[486,495,1331,1345]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</subScript>
|
||
and/or Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF89FF9C0725FAB01557FA9B" attach="right" box="[620,629,1331,1345]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</subScript>
|
||
-2A appearing as incomplete ocelli with black central area and/or pupil indistinct; small sclerotized region absent at one-third distance from ostium bursae to corpus bursae; from southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FF89FF9C0768FAEB154BFA58" box="[545,617,1384,1410]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
..........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF89FF9C0678FAEB1233FA58" authority="Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[817,1297,1383,1410]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mielkeorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C0678FAEB14C1FA58" bold="true" box="[817,995,1383,1410]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Z. mielkeorum</emphasis>
|
||
Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF89FF9C0055FAEB1255FA58" box="[1308,1399,1384,1410]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF89FF9C0588FA0F1255FA37" blockId="19.[189,1399,1313,1517]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<keyLead id="30AD9590FF89FF9C0588FA0F1255FA37" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
– VHW ocelli in M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF89FF9C04F0FA1E16E0FA71" attach="left" box="[441,450,1437,1451]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF89FF9C04ACFA1E16CCFA71" attach="left" box="[485,494,1437,1451]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</subScript>
|
||
and/or CuP-2A appearing as complete ocellus with black central area and/or pupil rather distinct and clearly visible; small sclerotized region present at one-third distance from ostium bursae to corpus bursae; from Guianas.......................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF89FF9C06FAFA501232FA36" authority="Nakahara & Kleckner" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[947,1296,1490,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="josti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF89FF9C06FAFA501325FA36" bold="true" box="[947,1031,1490,1517]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Z. josti</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara & Kleckner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF89FF9C0055FA501255FA37" box="[1308,1399,1491,1517]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |