191 lines
30 KiB
XML
191 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="1FB63FDF8667A7AE46BECE0D8D677ABE" ID-DOI="10.26879/1323" ID-ISSN="1094-8074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10962296" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1712859958310" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Villa, Andrea, Macaluso, Loredana & Mörs, Thomas" docDate="2024" docId="03F52665D04FFF93FE9D9B21FC24716D" docLanguage="en" docName="PalaeontolElectron.27.1.a3.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeontologia Electronica (a 3) 27 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1323" docStyle="DocumentStyle:322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A.3:PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A" docStyleName="PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Eopelobates Parker 1929" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFCC5E1DD054FF88FFA69832FFDE760C" masterDocTitle="Miocene and Pliocene amphibians from Hambach (Germany): New evidence for a late Neogene refuge in northwestern Europe" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1713792755732" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="182020620FE85954706604EDC5D161A9">Miocene and Pliocene amphibians from Hambach (Germany): New evidence for a late Neogene refuge in northwestern Europe</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8C1F47BD4277854C062BB92A3EE31273">Villa, Andrea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EB37F46B9FF28FE02F6C38AF216C7BF8">Macaluso, Loredana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6F514C15B96EE7F727454042954C9800">Mörs, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="58B2FB7BB0C5BEB4A9910EC5859775DC">Palaeontologia Electronica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D2AE9B80D2847495732E31E5126B588F">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="DB17B9E9CF85B87F502A665874A9B20B">a 3</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F52665D04FFF93FE9D9B21FC24716D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F52665D04FFF93FE9D9B21FC24716D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F52665D04FFF93FE9D9B21FC24716D" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="C346C4F8D04FFF93FE9D9B21FD437520" box="[315,669,787,812]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE39773D04FFF93FE9D9B21FD437520" blockId="27.[298,685,755,876]" box="[315,669,787,812]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="D0AB201FD04FFF93FE9D9B21FD437520" box="[315,669,787,812]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="6">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CECF0D04FFF93FE9D9B21FD437520" authority="Parker, 1929" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1929" box="[315,669,787,812]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelobatidae" genus="Eopelobates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FE9D9B21FE207520" box="[315,510,787,812]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">EOPELOBATES</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCDEA82D04FFF93FDA09B21FD437520" author="Parker" box="[518,669,787,812]" firstAuthor="Parker" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="270 - 281" refId="ref35230" refString="Parker, H. W. 1929. Two fossil frogs of the lower Miocene of Europe. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4: 270 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932908673051" type="journal article" year="1929">Parker, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346C4F8D04FFF93FEDD9B01FD807540" box="[379,606,819,844]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE39773D04FFF93FEDD9B01FD807540" blockId="27.[298,685,755,876]" box="[379,606,819,844]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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cf.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CECF0D04FFF93FE389B01FD807540" box="[414,606,819,844]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelobatidae" genus="Eopelobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FE389B01FDEC7540" box="[414,562,819,844]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eopelobates</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346C4F8D04FFF93FE069B61FDE67560" box="[416,568,851,876]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE39773D04FFF93FE069B61FDE67560" blockId="27.[298,685,755,876]" box="[416,568,851,876]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<figureCitation id="13678BF6D04FFF93FE069B61FDD17560" box="[416,527,851,876]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="28.[195,286,1601,1624]" captionTargetBox="[193,1426,174,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-13@28.[187,1434,162,1585]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 19. Pelobatids from Hambach: sacral vertebra (IPB-HaR 2179) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in dorsal (A), anterior (B), posterior (C) and ventral (D) views; left humerus (IPB-HaR 2154) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views; left ilium (IPB-HaR 2084) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in lateral (G) and medial (H) views; right ilium (IPB-HaR 2103) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in lateral (I) and medial (J) views; right humerus (IPB-HaR 2414) of?Eopelobates sp. in ventral (K) and dorsal (L) views; left humerus (IPB-HaR 2415) of?Eopelobates sp. in ventral view (M); right ilium (IPB-HaR 2421) of?Eopelobates sp. in lateral (N) and medial (O) views; trunk vertebra (IPB-HaH 2220) of Pelobatidae indet. in right lateral (P), anterior (Q), dorsal (R) and posterior (S) views; left humerus (IPB-HaH 2399) of Pelobatidae indet. in ventral (T) and dorsal (U) views. Scale bars equal 1 mm. Abbreviations: dae, dorsal acetabular expansion; fcv, fossa cubitalis ventralis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10962335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10962335/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 19</figureCitation>
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A-J
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346C4F8D04FFF93FF669B4CFD9E75DB" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE39773D04FFF93FF669B4CFD9E75DB" blockId="27.[192,793,894,1911]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FF669B4CFEF2759B" bold="true" box="[192,300,894,919]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material.</emphasis>
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Hambach 11: one sacral vertebra (IPB-HaR 2179); one humerus (IPB-HaR 2154); two ilia (IPB-HaR 2084, IPB-HaR 2103).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346C4F8D04FFF93FF669BECFF2570FB" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE39773D04FFF93FF669BECFDEC72BB" blockId="27.[192,793,894,1911]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FF669BECFE8475FB" bold="true" box="[192,346,990,1015]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Description.</emphasis>
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IPB-HaR 2179 (
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<figureCitation id="13678BF6D04FFF93FD8A9BECFD7C75FB" box="[556,674,990,1015]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="28.[195,286,1601,1624]" captionTargetBox="[193,1426,174,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-13@28.[187,1434,162,1585]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 19. Pelobatids from Hambach: sacral vertebra (IPB-HaR 2179) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in dorsal (A), anterior (B), posterior (C) and ventral (D) views; left humerus (IPB-HaR 2154) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views; left ilium (IPB-HaR 2084) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in lateral (G) and medial (H) views; right ilium (IPB-HaR 2103) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in lateral (I) and medial (J) views; right humerus (IPB-HaR 2414) of?Eopelobates sp. in ventral (K) and dorsal (L) views; left humerus (IPB-HaR 2415) of?Eopelobates sp. in ventral view (M); right ilium (IPB-HaR 2421) of?Eopelobates sp. in lateral (N) and medial (O) views; trunk vertebra (IPB-HaH 2220) of Pelobatidae indet. in right lateral (P), anterior (Q), dorsal (R) and posterior (S) views; left humerus (IPB-HaH 2399) of Pelobatidae indet. in ventral (T) and dorsal (U) views. Scale bars equal 1 mm. Abbreviations: dae, dorsal acetabular expansion; fcv, fossa cubitalis ventralis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10962335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10962335/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 19</figureCitation>
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A-D) is a moderately small sacral vertebra and has an amphicoelous and cylindrical centrum. The neural canal is circular and the dorsal surface of the neural arch is smooth. Both the prezygapophyses and the transverse processes are broken off. The latter are anteroposteriorly extended.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE39773D04FFF93FF5C9C8CFED673BB" blockId="27.[192,793,894,1911]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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IPB-HaR 2154 (
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<figureCitation id="13678BF6D04FFF93FE139C8CFDF772DB" box="[437,553,1214,1239]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="28.[195,286,1601,1624]" captionTargetBox="[193,1426,174,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-13@28.[187,1434,162,1585]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 19. Pelobatids from Hambach: sacral vertebra (IPB-HaR 2179) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in dorsal (A), anterior (B), posterior (C) and ventral (D) views; left humerus (IPB-HaR 2154) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views; left ilium (IPB-HaR 2084) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in lateral (G) and medial (H) views; right ilium (IPB-HaR 2103) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in lateral (I) and medial (J) views; right humerus (IPB-HaR 2414) of?Eopelobates sp. in ventral (K) and dorsal (L) views; left humerus (IPB-HaR 2415) of?Eopelobates sp. in ventral view (M); right ilium (IPB-HaR 2421) of?Eopelobates sp. in lateral (N) and medial (O) views; trunk vertebra (IPB-HaH 2220) of Pelobatidae indet. in right lateral (P), anterior (Q), dorsal (R) and posterior (S) views; left humerus (IPB-HaH 2399) of Pelobatidae indet. in ventral (T) and dorsal (U) views. Scale bars equal 1 mm. Abbreviations: dae, dorsal acetabular expansion; fcv, fossa cubitalis ventralis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10962335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10962335/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 19</figureCitation>
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E-F) is a poorly preserved humerus provided with a curved diaphysis (though it is broken and misses the proximal portion) and an eminentia capitata that is shifted laterally compared to the main axis of the bone. A deep fossa cubitalis ventralis is present; it opens on the lateral side. There are no cristae medialis and lateralis.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE39773D04FFF93FF5C9D8CFF2570FB" blockId="27.[192,793,894,1911]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Ilia (
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<figureCitation id="13678BF6D04FFF93FE8F9D8CFE4473D4" box="[297,410,1470,1496]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="28.[195,286,1601,1624]" captionTargetBox="[193,1426,174,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-13@28.[187,1434,162,1585]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 19. Pelobatids from Hambach: sacral vertebra (IPB-HaR 2179) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in dorsal (A), anterior (B), posterior (C) and ventral (D) views; left humerus (IPB-HaR 2154) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views; left ilium (IPB-HaR 2084) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in lateral (G) and medial (H) views; right ilium (IPB-HaR 2103) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in lateral (I) and medial (J) views; right humerus (IPB-HaR 2414) of?Eopelobates sp. in ventral (K) and dorsal (L) views; left humerus (IPB-HaR 2415) of?Eopelobates sp. in ventral view (M); right ilium (IPB-HaR 2421) of?Eopelobates sp. in lateral (N) and medial (O) views; trunk vertebra (IPB-HaH 2220) of Pelobatidae indet. in right lateral (P), anterior (Q), dorsal (R) and posterior (S) views; left humerus (IPB-HaH 2399) of Pelobatidae indet. in ventral (T) and dorsal (U) views. Scale bars equal 1 mm. Abbreviations: dae, dorsal acetabular expansion; fcv, fossa cubitalis ventralis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10962335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10962335/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 19</figureCitation>
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G-J) lack a dorsal tubercle and a dorsal crest. They have an acetabular fossa provided with a strong anteroventral rim. The dorsal acetabular expansion is rather short. No supraacetabular fossa, preacetabular fossa, interiliac groove, or interiliac tubercle are visible. The spiral groove is not distinct. The posterior end of the bone is slightly eroded in both specimens, but very light striae are visible on their posteromedial surface.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346C4F8D04FFF93FF669ECCFC24716D" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE39773D04FFF93FF669ECCFC24716D" blockId="27.[192,793,894,1911]" lastBlockId="27.[840,1441,168,1889]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FF669ECCFEE6711B" bold="true" box="[192,312,1790,1815]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Few elements from Hambach 11 are attributed to
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CECF0D04FFF93FEFC9F2CFE39713B" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1850" box="[346,487,1822,1847]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pelobatidae</taxonomicName>
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because of the following combination of features (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCDEA82D04FFF93FDAE9F0CFD70715B" author="Bailon" box="[520,686,1854,1879]" firstAuthor="Bailon" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref29899" refString="Bailon, S. 1999. Differenciation osteologique des anoures (Amphibia, Anura) de France, p. 1 - 41. In Desse, J. and Desse-Berset, N. (eds.), Fiches d'osteologie animale pour l'Archeologie, Serie C: Varia, 1. APDCA, Antibes." type="journal volume" year="1999">Bailon, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCDEA82D04FFF93FD639F0CFEDC717B" author="Rocek" firstAuthor="Rocek" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="397 - 439" refId="ref36270" refString="Rocek, Z. 2013. Mesozoic and Tertiary Anura of Laurasia. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 93: 397 - 439. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 013 - 0131 - y" type="journal article" year="2013">Roček, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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): curved diaphysis of the humerus; laterallyshifted eminentia capitata; deep fossa cubitalis ventralis, which is open laterally; ilia with no dorsal crest and no dorsal tubercle; no preacetabular and supracetabular fossae; striae on the medial side of the ilial body. Within pelobatids, the absence of a deep spiral (or oblique) groove is used to distinguish
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CECF0D04FFF93FC33995BFBF7778E" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1929" box="[917,1065,361,386]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelobatidae" genus="Eopelobates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FC33995BFBF7778E" box="[917,1065,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eopelobates</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CECF0D04FFF93FBDC995BFA7E778E" authority="Wagler, 1830" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[1146,1440,361,386]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelobatidae" genus="Pelobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FBDC995BFB2F778E" box="[1146,1265,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pelobates</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCDEA82D04FFF93FB58995BFA7E778E" author="Wagler" box="[1278,1440,361,386]" firstAuthor="Wagler" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref40047" refString="Wagler, J. 1830. Naturliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Saugthiere und Vogel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. J. G. Cotta, Munchen, Stuttgart and Tubingen." type="book" year="1830">Wagler, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCDEA82D04FFF93FCE999BBFC2777AE" author="Bohme" box="[847,1017,393,418]" firstAuthor="Bohme" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="3 - 41" refId="ref30538" refString="Bohme, M. 2010. Ectothermic vertebrates (Actinopterygii, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen (Germany, Bavaria) and their implications for environment reconstruction and palaeoclimate. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 84: 3 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 010 - 0050 - 4" type="journal article" year="2010">Böhme, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCDEA82D04FFF93FBAF99BAFAC077AE" author="Syromyatnikova" box="[1033,1310,392,418]" firstAuthor="Syromyatnikova" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="888 - 897" refId="ref37837" refString="Syromyatnikova, E. V. 2019. Redescription of Pelobates praefuscus Khosatzky, 1985 and new records of Pelobates from the late Miocene - Pleistocene of Eastern Europe. Historical Biology, 31: 888 - 897. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2017.1402015" type="journal article" year="2019">Syromyatnikova, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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), and thus these fossils are here assigned to the former genus. However, this identification is only considered tentative here, because not all authors deem isolated postcranial elements sufficient for genus level discrimination (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCDEA82D04FFF93FBF59A1BFA48744E" author="Rage and Rocek" box="[1107,1430,552,578]" firstAuthor="Rage" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="133 - 167" refId="ref35799" refString="Rage, J. - C. and Rocek, Z. 2003. Evolution of anuran assemblages in the Tertiary and Quaternary of Europe, in the context of palaeoclimate and palaeogeography. Amphibia- Reptilia, 24: 133 - 167." type="journal article" year="2003">Rage and Roček, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). Known
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CECF0D04FFF93FC079A7BFB49746E" box="[929,1175,585,610]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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|
<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FC079A7BFBEB746E" box="[929,1077,585,610]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eopelobates</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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|
are all based on articulated material (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCDEA82D04FFF93FBAC9A5AFB2C748E" author="Rocek" box="[1034,1266,616,642]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rocek" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="529 - 567" refId="ref36310" refString="Rocek, Z., Wuttke, M., Gardner, J. D., and Bhullar, B. - A. S. 2014. The Euro-American genus Eopelobates, and a re-definition of the family Pelobatidae (Amphibia, Anura). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 94: 529 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 014 - 0169 - 5" type="journal article" year="2014">Roček et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
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), making comparison with the disarticulated specimens from Hambach difficult. Furthermore, most of the diagnostic features of the species are on cranial elements. Nevertheless, at least
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CECF0D04FFF93FB189ADBFB96752E" authority="Rocek et al., 2014" authorityName="Rocek" authorityYear="2014" class="Amphibia" family="Pelobatidae" genus="Eopelobates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deani">
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<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FB189ADBFA7E750E" box="[1214,1440,745,770]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eopelobates deani</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCDEA82D04FFF93FCEE9B3AFB96752E" author="Rocek" box="[840,1096,776,802]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rocek" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="529 - 567" refId="ref36310" refString="Rocek, Z., Wuttke, M., Gardner, J. D., and Bhullar, B. - A. S. 2014. The Euro-American genus Eopelobates, and a re-definition of the family Pelobatidae (Amphibia, Anura). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 94: 529 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 014 - 0169 - 5" type="journal article" year="2014">Roček et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CECF0D04FFF93FB069B3BFC34754E" authority="Zweifel, 1956" authorityName="Zweifel" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Pelobatidae" genus="Eopelobates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FB069B3BFA7E752E" box="[1184,1440,777,802]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eopelobates grandis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCDEA82D04FFF93FCEE9B1AFC34754E" author="Zweifel" box="[840,1002,808,834]" firstAuthor="Zweifel" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref40435" refString="Zweifel, R. G. 1956. Two pelobatid frogs from the Tertiary of North America and their relationships to fossil and recent forms. American Museum Novitates, 1762: 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1956">Zweifel, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, seem to differ from the Hambach ilia in the low dorsal tubercle and the low dorsal crest in the anterior portion of the shaft respectively. The sacral vertebra IPB-HaR 2179 is also tentatively attributed to cf.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CECF0D04FFF93FBB49B9BFB0675CE" box="[1042,1240,937,962]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelobatidae" genus="Eopelobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FBB49B9BFB7875CE" box="[1042,1190,937,962]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eopelobates</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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|
because of the cylindrical centrum and the extended transverse processes, as well as the presence of the spinal foramina. In pelobatids, sacral vertebrae not fused to the urostyle are present in both
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C5CECF0D04FFF93FB7E9C1BFAB2724E" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1929" box="[1240,1388,1065,1090]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelobatidae" genus="Eopelobates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FB7E9C1BFAB2724E" box="[1240,1388,1065,1090]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eopelobates</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CECF0D04FFF93FCEE9C7BFC60726E" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[840,958,1097,1122]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelobatidae" genus="Pelobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FCEE9C7BFC60726E" box="[840,958,1097,1122]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pelobates</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCDEA82D04FFF93FC689C7BFBB6726E" author="Bailon" box="[974,1128,1097,1122]" firstAuthor="Bailon" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref29899" refString="Bailon, S. 1999. Differenciation osteologique des anoures (Amphibia, Anura) de France, p. 1 - 41. In Desse, J. and Desse-Berset, N. (eds.), Fiches d'osteologie animale pour l'Archeologie, Serie C: Varia, 1. APDCA, Antibes." type="journal volume" year="1999">Bailon, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCDEA82D04FFF93FBD09C7AFA8D726E" author="Rocek" box="[1142,1363,1096,1122]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rocek" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="529 - 567" refId="ref36310" refString="Rocek, Z., Wuttke, M., Gardner, J. D., and Bhullar, B. - A. S. 2014. The Euro-American genus Eopelobates, and a re-definition of the family Pelobatidae (Amphibia, Anura). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 94: 529 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 014 - 0169 - 5" type="journal article" year="2014">Roček et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCDEA82D04FFF93FAC69C7AFBF6728E" author="Syromyatnikova" firstAuthor="Syromyatnikova" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref37796" refString="Syromyatnikova, E. V. 2017. Two pelobatid frogs from the late Miocene of Caucasus (Russia). Palaeontologia Electronica, 20.2.36 A: 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 772" type="book chapter" year="2017">Syromyatnikova, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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). However, vertebrae of pelobatids are usually procoelous. Amphicoelous vertebrae, followed by a cartilaginous disk, are known only in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5CECF0D04FFF93FC5F9CFAFBAA72ED" authorityName="Zweifel" authorityYear="1956" box="[1017,1140,1224,1249]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelobatidae" genus="Eopelobates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
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|
<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FC5F9CFAFBAA72ED" box="[1017,1140,1224,1249]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E. grandis</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
(even though its referral to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5CECF0D04FFF93FCCB9CDAFBDF730D" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1929" box="[877,1025,1256,1281]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelobatidae" genus="Eopelobates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FCCB9CDAFBDF730D" box="[877,1025,1256,1281]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eopelobates</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is called into question by some authors also because of this feature;
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDEA82D04FFF93FAAE9D3AFC54734D" author="Rocek" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rocek" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="529 - 567" refId="ref36310" refString="Rocek, Z., Wuttke, M., Gardner, J. D., and Bhullar, B. - A. S. 2014. The Euro-American genus Eopelobates, and a re-definition of the family Pelobatidae (Amphibia, Anura). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 94: 529 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 014 - 0169 - 5" type="journal article" year="2014">Roček et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
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|
). The
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|
<typeStatus id="54E729D1D04FFF93FC709D1AFBE5734D" box="[982,1083,1320,1345]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
and only known specimen of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5CECF0D04FFF93FCEE9D7AFC1E736D" authorityName="Zweifel" authorityYear="1956" box="[840,960,1352,1377]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelobatidae" genus="Eopelobates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
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|
<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FCEE9D7AFC1E736D" box="[840,960,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E. grandis</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
does not preserve the sacral centrum or the anterior part of the urostyle, and so an amphicoelous condition of the former cannot be evaluated. Amphicoelous sacral centra are shown by
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5CECF0D04FFF93FCD49DFAFB6673ED" authority="Stejneger, 1899" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityYear="1899" box="[882,1208,1480,1506]" class="Amphibia" family="Ascaphidae" genus="Ascaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B9284B61D04FFF93FCD49DFAFC3973ED" box="[882,999,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ascaphus</emphasis>
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDEA82D04FFF93FC539DFAFB6673ED" author="Stejneger" box="[1013,1208,1480,1506]" firstAuthor="Stejneger" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="899 - 901" refId="ref37649" refString="Stejneger, L. 1899. Description of a new genus and species of discoglossoid toad from North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21: 899 - 901." type="journal article" year="1899">Stejneger, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and some extinct Mesozoic frogs (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDEA82D04FFF93FBB79DDAFABB700D" author="Reilly and Jorgensen" box="[1041,1381,1512,1537]" firstAuthor="Reilly" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="149 - 168" refId="ref36069" refString="Reilly, S. M. and Jorgensen, M. E. 2011. The evolution of jumping in frogs: morphological evidence for the basal anuran locomotor condition and the radiation of locomotor systems in crown group anurans. Journal of Morphology, 272: 149 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10902" type="journal article" year="2011">Reilly and Jorgensen, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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|
), but accounting for the absence of any existing evidence supporting the possible presence of the North American ascaphids in Europe at any moment in time as well as the highly unlikely circumstance of a survival of an early-branching Mesozoic anuran lineage in the Pliocene of the continent, we here consider more probable that IPB-HaR 2179 could represent a pelobatid with either a peculiar vertebral morphology or an anomalous condition due to ontogenetic or pathologic circumstances.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |