173 lines
17 KiB
XML
173 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="B53FD8346F90BD0A57AC203E1F94D906" ID-CLB-Dataset="58516" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6512484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512484" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1651524980884" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03F5071399CBFF70037FFA80FC9FF447" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Bovidae_0444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Rupicapra carpatica Couturier 1938" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="699" masterDocId="FFCC7F6B994BFFF00316FF82FFEDFF81" masterDocTitle="Bovidae" masterLastPageNumber="779" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="699" updateTime="1699330398010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3C19C78042F791DC6F9E246A4C174C64">Bovidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E26E87BCF0BCF62C26DA692C125040D7">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="20DE7E98425ABD9025E266A44F0B551E">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="A76255BEF1A20EA86FDA61D3AC5A29EC">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="8C16F977EA94568F60021DE24A4D728C" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="F26B4BE0030375804B01001648071536">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="FBC3D0CBFF2C89EB313D8106C548438C">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="EFD97AE7BD655D8AA1E53B58EA20E971">
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<mods:title id="57475CDFDFFA77D536C931A0701EC694">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F5071399CBFF70037FFA80FC9FF447" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6773111" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659242" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6773111" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5071399CBFF70037FFA80FC9FF447" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F5071399CBFF70037FFA80FC9FF447" lastPageNumber="699" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99CBFF70037FFA80FF56FAAD" box="[105,187,1282,1324]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599CBFF70037FFA80FF56FAAD" blockId="128.[103,1074,1282,1362]" box="[105,187,1282,1324]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<heading id="D0AB016999CBFF70037FFA80FF56FAAD" box="[105,187,1282,1324]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<figureCitation id="1367AA8099CBFF70037FFA80FF56FAAD" box="[105,187,1282,1324]" captionStart="Plate 48: Bovidae" captionStartId="126.[107,137,3382,3407]" captionTargetBox="[12,2764,12,3635]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="208. Pyrenean Chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica), 209. Abruzzi Chamois (Rupicapra ornata), 210. Cantabrian Chamois (Rupicapra parva), 211. Alpine Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), 212. Carpathian Chamois (Rupicapra carpatica), 213. Asia Minor Chamois (Rupicapra asiatica), 214. Himalayan Brown Goral (Nemorhaedus goral), 215. Himalayan Gray Goral (Nemorhaedus bedfordi), 216. Chinese Goral (Nemorhaedus griseus), 217. Burmese Goral (Nemorhaedus evansi), 218. Long-tailed Goral (Nemorhaedus caudatus), 219. Red Goral (Nemorhaedus baileyi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512963/files/figure.png" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">212.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99CBFF7003DAFA80FD97FAAD" box="[204,634,1282,1324]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599CBFF7003DAFA80FD97FAAD" blockId="128.[103,1074,1282,1362]" box="[204,634,1282,1324]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<heading id="D0AB016999CBFF7003DAFA80FD97FAAD" box="[204,634,1282,1324]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99CBFF7003DAFA80FD97FAAD" box="[204,634,1282,1324]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Carpathian Chamois</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99CBFF7001B8FA80FBC0FAAD" box="[686,1069,1282,1324]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599CBFF7001B8FA80FBC0FAAD" blockId="128.[103,1074,1282,1362]" box="[686,1069,1282,1324]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<heading id="D0AB016999CBFF7001B8FA80FBC0FAAD" box="[686,1069,1282,1324]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699CBFF7001B8FA80FBC0FAAD" authority="Couturier, 1938" authorityName="Couturier" authorityYear="1938" box="[686,1069,1282,1324]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Rupicapra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carpatica">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799CBFF7001B8FA80FBC0FAAD" box="[686,1069,1282,1324]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Rupicapra carpatica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99CBFF700371FABFFBDFFAD3" box="[103,1074,1341,1362]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599CBFF700371FABFFBDFFAD3" blockId="128.[103,1074,1282,1362]" box="[103,1074,1341,1362]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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||
<heading id="D0AB016999CBFF700371FABFFBDFFAD3" box="[103,1074,1341,1362]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799CBFF700371FABFFF58FAD3" bold="true" box="[103,181,1341,1362]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99CBFF7003A8FABFFE41FAD3" box="[190,428,1341,1362]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Chamois des Carpathes</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799CBFF7002D7FABFFDF1FAD3" bold="true" box="[449,540,1341,1362]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99CBFF700130FABFFD26FAD3" box="[550,715,1341,1362]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Karpaten-Gamse</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799CBFF7001F6FABFFCD6FAD3" bold="true" box="[736,827,1341,1362]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99CBFF700053FABFFC62FAD3" box="[837,911,1341,1362]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Rebeco</vernacularName>
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de los Carpatos
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99CBFF7001D9FA01FCF4FA49" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599CBFF7001D9FA01FCF4FA49" blockId="128.[719,1305,1411,1833]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799CBFF7001D9FA01FC87FA21" bold="true" box="[719,874,1411,1440]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699CBFF70006CFA01FCF8FA49" authority="Couturier, 1938" authorityName="Couturier" authorityYear="1938" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Rupicapra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carpatica">Rupicapra carpatica Couturier, 1938</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99CBFF700033FA2DFC45FA49" box="[805,936,1455,1480]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599CBFF700033FA2DFC45FA49" blockId="128.[719,1305,1411,1833]" box="[805,936,1455,1480]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<materialsCitation id="3B34BC5899CBFF700033FA2DFC45FA49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198386" box="[805,936,1455,1480]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599CBFF700033FA2DFC48FA49" box="[805,933,1455,1480]" name="Romania" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Romania</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99CBFF7001C6FA4FFC17F997" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599CBFF7001C6FA4FFC17F997" blockId="128.[719,1305,1411,1833]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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Formerly considered a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699CBFF7007EBFA4FFCA3F997" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Rupicapra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rupicapra">R. rupicapra</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99CBFF7001C6F99EFAFBF9BC" box="[720,1302,1564,1597]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF23E68D99CBFF7001C6F99EFAFBF9BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512779" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512779" box="[720,1302,1564,1597]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512779/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" targetBox="[101,696,1417,1834]" targetPageId="128">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599CBFF7001C6F99EFAFBF9BC" blockId="128.[719,1305,1411,1833]" box="[720,1302,1564,1597]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799CBFF7001C6F99EFC92F9BC" bold="true" box="[720,895,1564,1597]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Carpathian Mts in
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599CBFF700784F99EFAFFF9BC" box="[1170,1298,1564,1597]" name="Romania" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Romania</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99CBFF7001C6F9CAFB99F8D0" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599CBFF7001C6F9CAFB99F8D0" blockId="128.[719,1305,1411,1833]" lastBlockId="128.[103,1307,1840,3014]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799CBFF7001C6F9CAFC36F9E4" bold="true" box="[720,987,1608,1637]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Few measurements available. Head-body 115-125 cm, tail ¢.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099CBFF7007E7F9EDFCF8F932" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3— 4 cm</quantity>
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, shoulder height ¢.75-90 cm; weight 50-60 kg; horn length 23-30 cm (males), horn basal circumference 7-10 cm. The Carpathian Chamois is characterized by a larger body, longer horns and darker winter coat than other chamois taxa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99CBFF700371F8D5FE63F86E" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599CBFF700371F8D5FE63F86E" blockId="128.[103,1307,1840,3014]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799CBFF700371F8D5FF3BF8F9" bold="true" box="[103,214,1879,1912]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Habitat.</emphasis>
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The Carpathian Chamois occupies alpine habitats in summer and lower ectotone areas of grasslands and forests in winter. Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) and Eurasian Lynxes (Lynx lynx) are the mammalian predators. Domestic dogs also can be significant predators.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99CBFF700371F876FD5DF7E5" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599CBFF700371F876FD5DF7E5" blockId="128.[103,1307,1840,3014]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799CBFF700371F876FE81F794" bold="true" box="[103,364,2036,2069]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The diet of the Carpathian Chamois is similar to that of the Alpine Chamois (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699CBFF7003EAF79EFE44F7BC" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[252,425,2076,2109]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Rupicapra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rupicapra">R. rupicapra</taxonomicName>
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). Carpathian Chamois consume higher percentages of graminoids during spring and browse in winter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99CBFF700371F7E8FB8AF732" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599CBFF700371F7E8FB8AF732" blockId="128.[103,1307,1840,3014]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799CBFF700371F7E8FF03F70A" bold="true" box="[103,238,2154,2187]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Breeding.</emphasis>
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The mating season of the Carpathian Chamois is probably in November-December, and births occur in May-June after gestation of 165-175 days.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99CBFF700371F73FFDA6F6A8" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599CBFF700371F73FFDA6F6A8" blockId="128.[103,1307,1840,3014]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799CBFF700371F73FFEBFF75B" bold="true" box="[103,338,2237,2266]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Similar to Alpine Chamois. In warm season, graze early in morning and seek shade during warmest period of the day. Resume grazing in late afternoon when day temperatures are cooler.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99CBFF70037EF6B6FE66F646" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599CBFF70037EF6B6FE66F646" blockId="128.[103,1307,1840,3014]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799CBFF70037EF6B6FCC2F6D0" bold="true" box="[104,815,2356,2385]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Probably similar to Alpine Chamois. Seasonal migrations occur between lower-elevation forests in winter and subalpine grasslands in the spring. Detailed studies of home ranges and social organization have not been conducted.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99CBFF70037FF653FD7CF4D1" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599CBFF70037FF653FD7CF4D1" blockId="128.[103,1307,1840,3014]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799CBFF70037FF653FE2AF66F" bold="true" box="[105,455,2513,2542]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (under
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699CBFF7007E8F653FF06F594" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Rupicapra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rupicapra">R. rupicapra</taxonomicName>
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). There were about 6800 Carpathian Chamois in 2006 and about 203 were harvested annually by sport hunters.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699CBFF700197F599FD3EF5BD" box="[641,723,2587,2620]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Boselaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Major</taxonomicName>
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concerns are small, fragmented populations that could be extirpated, disturbance by shepherds and dogs, and competition with domestic livestock. In some areas, poaching is a major concern. Current monitoring protocols do not accurately estimate populations. The number of protected areas should be increased and the existing ones enlarged; habitat improvement projects should be initiated and game laws strictly enforced. Reestablishment of populations in areas where they had been extirpated should be continued and populations established in newly created protected areas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99CBFF70037CF4DCFC9FF447" pageId="128" pageNumber="699" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599CBFF70037CF4DCFC9FF447" blockId="128.[103,1307,1840,3014]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799CBFF70037CF4DCFEE9F4F6" bold="true" box="[106,260,2910,2935]" pageId="128" pageNumber="699">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Apollonio, Andersen & Putman (2010), Aulagnier et al. (2008), Corlatti et al. (2011), Couturier (1938), Giacometti et al. (1997), Groves & Grubb (2011), Grubb (2005), Micu et al. (2010), Pemberton et al. (1989), Rodriguez et al. (2009), Simpson & Epley (2002), Weber (1997).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |