193 lines
18 KiB
XML
193 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="0D0BBAE5E72B6B6A886C8CDE359FC3EF" ID-CLB-Dataset="58516" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6512484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512484" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1651524980884" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03F507139916FFAD03C6FAFAFBB3F473" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Bovidae_0444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Connochaetes johnstoni" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="664" masterDocId="FFCC7F6B994BFFF00316FF82FFEDFF81" masterDocTitle="Bovidae" masterLastPageNumber="779" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="664" updateTime="1699330398010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="D9DD652679C62E62BDF5EA710FDFF767" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6208193EFEADAACC84A54341F6CB8A4C">
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<mods:title id="2262294F04222CB463BF695E8301A62A">Bovidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3067D3F426EDFD7A45D0FF346E899061" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4916EAD0FE4AEE63A886EFCB92598559">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3CD2739A9AC6483375B54EF09CB31F39">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="19437080EE8DDC209EF1AD1812EAF4BE">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="2BAFDCB32926415D77F09F5DCAFB5577" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="28C7145690B210118CAE8C83316E5903">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="454F6F309C9A8F9613BBABFEDCED0602">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="F5FB51FDBE386C85117D86150E77CE9D">
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<mods:title id="5C0A52D20F50143F5323146E782D69C9">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="81774DA234ED116E3F0568B6B352365D">
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<mods:identifier id="69BCE4F700C7C796369590B045302586" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F507139916FFAD03C6FAFAFBB3F473" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6636905" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659404" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6636905" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F507139916FFAD03C6FAFAFBB3F473" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F507139916FFAD03C6FAFAFBB3F473" lastPageNumber="664" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD03C6FAFAFEF2FA27" box="[208,287,1400,1446]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD03C6FAFAFEF2FA27" blockId="93.[203,1253,1400,1488]" box="[208,287,1400,1446]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<heading id="D0AB01699916FFAD03C6FAFAFEF2FA27" box="[208,287,1400,1446]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<figureCitation id="1367AA809916FFAD03C6FAFAFEF2FA27" box="[208,287,1400,1446]" captionStart="Plate 43: Bovidae" captionStartId="92.[89,119,3433,3458]" captionTargetBox="[12,2756,14,3637]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="162. Black Wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou), 163. Blue Wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), 164. Johnston’s Wildebeest (Connochaetes johnstoni), 165. Eastern White-bearded Wildebeest (Connochaetes albojubatus), 166. Serengeti White-bearded Wildebeest (Connochaetes mearnsi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512951/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">164.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD0231FAFAFD11FA27" box="[295,764,1400,1446]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD0231FAFAFD11FA27" blockId="93.[203,1253,1400,1488]" box="[295,764,1400,1446]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<heading id="D0AB01699916FFAD0231FAFAFD11FA27" box="[295,764,1400,1446]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9916FFAD0231FAFAFD11FA27" box="[295,764,1400,1446]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Johnston’s Wildebeest</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD0024FAFAFB09FA27" box="[818,1252,1400,1446]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD0024FAFAFB09FA27" blockId="93.[203,1253,1400,1488]" box="[818,1252,1400,1446]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<heading id="D0AB01699916FFAD0024FAFAFB09FA27" box="[818,1252,1400,1446]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869916FFAD0024FAFAFB09FA27" baseAuthorityName="Sclater" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[818,1252,1400,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Connochaetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnstoni">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD0024FAFAFB09FA27" box="[818,1252,1400,1446]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Connochaetes johnstoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD03DAFA3AFBE5FA4C" box="[204,1032,1464,1485]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD03DAFA3AFBE5FA4C" blockId="93.[203,1253,1400,1488]" box="[204,1032,1464,1485]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<heading id="D0AB01699916FFAD03DAFA3AFBE5FA4C" box="[204,1032,1464,1485]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD03DAFA3AFEF4FA4C" bold="true" box="[204,281,1464,1485]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9916FFAD0234FA3AFE34FA4C" box="[290,473,1464,1485]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Gnou de Johnston</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD02F8FA3AFDA7FA4C" bold="true" box="[494,586,1464,1485]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9916FFAD0144FA3AFD1CFA4C" box="[594,753,1464,1485]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">WeiRbindengnu</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD0010FA3AFC8CFA4C" bold="true" box="[774,865,1464,1485]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9916FFAD007DFA3AFBE5FA4C" box="[875,1032,1464,1485]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Nu de Johnston</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD0025FA7CFC01F9C3" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD0025FA7CFC01F9C3" blockId="93.[819,1407,1534,1956]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD0025FA7CFC22F99A" bold="true" box="[819,975,1534,1563]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869916FFAD00C9FA7CFC05F9C3" authorityName="Sclater" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Connochaetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="taurinus" subSpecies="johnston">Connochaetes taurinus johnston: Sclater, 1896</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD00ECF9A7FB92F9E8" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD00ECF9A7FB92F9E8" blockId="93.[819,1407,1534,1956]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<materialsCitation id="3B34BC589916FFAD00ECF9A7FB92F9E8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198362" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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Mlanje Plain, southern end of Lake Chilwa,
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959916FFAD0701F9D2FB96F9E8" box="[1047,1147,1616,1641]" name="Malawi" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD0022F9EDFBBDF939" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD0022F9EDFBBDF939" blockId="93.[819,1407,1534,1956]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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Formerly considered a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869916FFAD0672F9EDFC49F939" baseAuthorityName="Burchell" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Connochaetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">C. taurinus</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD0022F944FB08F8AF" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF23E68D9916FFAD0022F944FB08F8AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512680" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512680/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" targetBox="[203,797,1539,1955]" targetPageId="93">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD0022F944FB08F8AF" blockId="93.[819,1407,1534,1956]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD0022F944FC09F95E" bold="true" box="[820,996,1734,1759]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Distribution.</emphasis>
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SE
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959916FFAD072BF944FB50F95E" box="[1085,1213,1734,1759]" name="Tanzania" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, N
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959916FFAD0619F944FC6BF887" name="Mozambique" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959916FFAD00F7F967FBA7F887" box="[993,1098,1765,1798]" name="Zambia" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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(E of the
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<collectingRegion id="499878E79916FFAD07E6F967FA90F887" box="[1264,1405,1765,1798]" country="Zambia" name="Muchinga" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Muchinga</collectingRegion>
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Escarpment); formerly
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959916FFAD0768F893FB0CF8AF" box="[1150,1249,1809,1838]" name="Malawi" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD0022F8BAFBCBF761" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD0022F8BAFBCBF761" blockId="93.[819,1407,1534,1956]" lastBlockId="93.[200,1412,1963,3058]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD0022F8BAFBADF8D4" bold="true" box="[820,1088,1848,1877]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Few measurements available. Shoulder height
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09916FFAD07B9F8D9FAFFF8FD" box="[1199,1298,1883,1916]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" unit="cm" value="138.0">138 cm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09916FFAD0020F801FC78F825" box="[822,917,1923,1956]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" unit="kg" value="274.0">274 kg</quantity>
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. The mane stands up as it does in the Blue Wildebeest (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869916FFAD02E8F829FD7EF84D" baseAuthorityName="Burchell" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[510,659,1963,1996]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Connochaetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="93" pageNumber="709" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">C. taurinus</taxonomicName>
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), and like the latterit has a very wide horn span in the male, but otherwise is rather different in appearance. The horns do not curve so far downward, and the skull never rests on the horns when placed on a flat surface. The horn span in the female is much shorter than in the Blue Wildebeest. The pelage is pale gray, with a brownish tinge, the legs are pale, and the tail is short. The type specimen had a white band across the face in front of the eyes, but this turns out to be not a very consistent character of the species. In fact, it is rare in surviving populations. Johnston's Wildebeest has characteristically long nasal bones.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD03D8F764FC35F686" box="[206,984,2278,2311]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD03D8F764FC35F686" blockId="93.[200,1412,1963,3058]" box="[206,984,2278,2311]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD03D8F764FED1F686" bold="true" box="[206,316,2278,2311]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Savanna, interspersed with Miombo woodland.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD03D8F68FFD76F6D7" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD03D8F68FFD76F6D7" blockId="93.[200,1412,1963,3058]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD03D8F68FFE38F6AF" bold="true" box="[206,469,2317,2350]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but it is certainly predominantly a grazer.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD03D8F6DEFCF3F64D" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD03D8F6DEFCF3F64D" blockId="93.[200,1412,1963,3058]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD03D8F6DEFEB9F6FC" bold="true" box="[206,340,2396,2429]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Breeding.</emphasis>
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The rut is in March-April, and at this time the number of territorial males increases greatly. Young males are expelled from the breeding herds in August-September, two months before calving begins.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD03DBF653FB3AF5C0" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD03DBF653FB3AF5C0" blockId="93.[200,1412,1963,3058]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD03DBF653FE54F673" bold="true" box="[205,441,2513,2546]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but likely to be similar to that of the Blue Wildebeest. Most wildebeest feed off and on throughout the day and night, depending on the season and availability of forage.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD03D9F5C9FB57F55E" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD03D9F5C9FB57F55E" blockId="93.[200,1412,1963,3058]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD03D9F5C9FC4CF5E9" bold="true" box="[207,929,2635,2664]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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In the eastern Selous Game Reserve, group size fluctuates markedly according to season. It averages about nine individuals at the height of the dry season in October-November, rises rapidly to 20 at the peak of the rains in February, and diminishes gradually toward autumn.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD03C6F56BFDD5F44A" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD03C6F56BFDD5F44A" blockId="93.[200,1412,1963,3058]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD03C6F56BFDC3F487" bold="true" box="[208,558,2793,2822]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (under
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869916FFAD0671F56BFEA8F4AC" baseAuthorityName="Burchell" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Connochaetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="93" pageNumber="709" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">C. taurinus</taxonomicName>
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). Johnston’s Wildebeest is extinct in
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959916FFAD0055F48EFC4EF4AC" box="[835,931,2828,2861]" name="Malawi" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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and endangered in
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959916FFAD07D7F48EFA97F4AC" box="[1217,1402,2828,2861]" name="Mozambique" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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, butit still occurs in good numbers elsewhere. There are said to be 5000-6000 in the Luangwa Valley, at the foot of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499878E79916FFAD01AFF4D9FCAAF4FD" box="[697,839,2907,2940]" country="Zambia" name="Muchinga" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Muchinga</collectingRegion>
|
||
Escarpment,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959916FFAD071AF4D9FB9BF4FD" box="[1036,1142,2907,2940]" name="Zambia" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and in south-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959916FFAD021DF408FE66F422" box="[267,395,2954,2979]" name="Tanzania" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CA41BE09916FFAD02B6F408FDF2F422" box="[416,543,2954,2979]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.175" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" unit="in" value="12.5">12,500 in</quantity>
|
||
Mikumi National Park and 65-70,000 in the eastern part of the Selous Game Reserve.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD03C7F45BFBB3F473" box="[209,1118,3033,3058]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD03C7F45BFBB3F473" blockId="93.[200,1412,1963,3058]" box="[209,1118,3033,3058]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD03C7F45BFE86F473" bold="true" box="[209,363,3033,3058]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bell (1989), Jeffery et al. (1989), Lobao Tello (1989), Rodgers (1977).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |