treatments-xml/data/03/F2/87/03F2878CFFCFFF99B7E6FAB0FCBA0E8F.xml

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<mods:title id="E354DE35B71007E9C8E2EBF3C0E29FDD">A checklist of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: Additions and nomenclatural revisions</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F2878CFFCFFF99B7E6FAB0FCBA0E8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6226807" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119380816" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6226807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2878CFFCFFF99B7E6FAB0FCBA0E8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F2878CFFCFFF99B7E6FAB0FCBA0E8F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFCFFF92B7E6FAB0FA720ACB" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCFFF92B7E6FAB0FC9E0A78" blockId="2.[151,880,1371,1397]" box="[151,880,1371,1397]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D0AC81F6FFCFFF92B7E6FAB0FC9E0A78" bold="true" box="[151,880,1371,1397]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B7E6FAB0FC9E0A78" bold="true" box="[151,880,1371,1397]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
ORDER 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCFFF92B679FAB0FDE80A78" authority="Hogg, 1839" authorityName="Hogg" authorityYear="1839" box="[264,518,1371,1397]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">ANURA Hogg, 1839</taxonomicName>
14F/39+3*G (139) (136 + 3*)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCFFF92B7E6FA47FA720ACB" blockId="2.[151,1436,1452,1761]" box="[151,1436,1452,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
The following family was included in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCFFF92B5F8FA47FCDB0ACB" box="[649,821,1452,1478]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dendrobatidae</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCFFF92B412FA47FBFD0ACB" author="Savage" box="[867,1043,1452,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
. Grant 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B318FA47FB730AC8" box="[1129,1181,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al</emphasis>
. (2006) recognized it
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFCFFF93B7E6FA3FFB2F0D90" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCFFF92B7E6FA3FFDF60AE3" blockId="2.[151,1436,1452,1761]" box="[151,536,1492,1518]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">as distinct from the latter family:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCFFF92B7E6FA16FA72091A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1452,1761]" box="[151,1436,1533,1559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
FAMILY 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCFFF92B67FFA16FA97091A" authority="Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel" authorityName="Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel" box="[270,1401,1533,1559]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">AROMOBATIDAE Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel</taxonomicName>
, &amp;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCFFF92B7E6F9CEFE710932" blockId="2.[151,1436,1452,1761]" box="[151,415,1573,1599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Wheeler, 2006, 1G (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B6F6F9CEFE780932" bold="true" box="[391,406,1573,1599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCFFF92B7E6F9A5FD0A0965" blockId="2.[151,1436,1452,1761]" box="[151,740,1613,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCFFF92B7E6F9A5FD540965" authority="Zimmermann &amp; Zimmermann, 1988" authorityName="Zimmermann &amp; Zimmermann" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,698,1614,1640]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B7E6F9A5FEE8096A" box="[151,262,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Allobates</emphasis>
Zimmermann &amp; Zimmermann, 1988
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B5BDF9A6FD35096A" bold="true" box="[716,731,1613,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCFFF92B7E6F99DFD3009EC" blockId="2.[151,1436,1452,1761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Grant 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B790F99CFEFD099D" box="[225,275,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al</emphasis>
. (2006) recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCFFF92B571F99CFD81099D" box="[512,623,1655,1680]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B571F99CFD81099D" box="[512,623,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Allobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B445F99CFC5D099D" box="[820,947,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Colostethu</emphasis>
s. The following species was called 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B5F2F974FCEC09B5" box="[643,770,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Colostethu</emphasis>
s 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCFFF92B464F974FC7009B5" box="[789,926,1695,1720]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Geophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talamancae">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B464F974FC7009B5" box="[789,926,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">talamancae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCFFF92B4B8F974FB9609B4" author="Savage" box="[969,1144,1695,1721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCFFF92B786F92CFD7909EC" authority="Cope, 1875" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[247,663,1735,1761]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talamancae">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B786F92CFE1809ED" box="[247,502,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Allobates talamancae</emphasis>
(Cope, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
(381)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCFFF92B7E6F8F3FD850857" blockId="2.[151,931,1815,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
FAMILY 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCFFF92B67FF8F3FD93083F" authority="J. E. Gray, 1825" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[270,637,1816,1842]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">BUFONIDAE J. E. Gray, 1825</taxonomicName>
5G (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B5CBF8FCFD39083C" bold="true" box="[698,727,1815,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">17</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCFFF92B7E6F8ABFDA40857" authority="C. Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1841" authorityName="C. Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,586,1856,1882]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B7E6F8ABFF100854" box="[151,254,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Atelopus</emphasis>
C. Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1841
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B523F8ABFD8F0857" bold="true" box="[594,609,1856,1882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCFFF92B786F882FD0B088E" blockId="2.[151,931,1815,2004]" box="[247,741,1897,1923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCFFF92B786F882FD70088E" authority="Shreve, 1936" authorityName="Shreve" authorityYear="1936" box="[247,670,1897,1923]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquiensis">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B786F882FE12088F" box="[247,508,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Atelopus chiriquiensis</emphasis>
Shreve, 1936
</taxonomicName>
(187)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCFFF92B786F87AFD6508A6" blockId="2.[151,931,1815,2004]" box="[247,651,1937,1963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCFFF92B786F87AFDAB08A6" authority="Taylor, 1952" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1952" box="[247,581,1937,1963]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senex">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B786F87AFE4808A7" box="[247,422,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Atelopus senex</emphasis>
Taylor, 1952
</taxonomicName>
(188)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCFFF93B786F851FE210FB5" blockId="2.[151,931,1815,2004]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCFFF92B786F851FE4008DE" box="[247,430,1978,2003]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varius">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCFFF92B786F851FE4008DE" box="[247,430,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Atelopus varius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="F34C760AFFCFFF92B6CCF851FDBE08D9" box="[445,592,1978,2004]" name="Liechtenstein" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lichtenstein</collectingCountry>
&amp; von Martens, 1856) (189) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B7E6FF74FE480FB5" authority="Wagler, 1828" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" box="[151,422,158,184]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B7E6FF74FF110FB5" box="[151,255,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chaunus</emphasis>
Wagler, 1828
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B6C6FF75FE280FB5" bold="true" box="[439,454,158,184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B7E6FF2CFA800EF1" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Frost 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B7AFFF2CFEFA0FED" box="[222,276,199,224]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
. (2006) recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B57BFF2CFD9C0FED" box="[522,626,199,224]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B57BFF2CFD9C0FED" box="[522,626,199,224]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chaunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54E08838FFCEFF93B5F4FF2CFD570FEC" box="[645,697,199,225]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
species by monotypy: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B4A0FF2CFA6F0FEC" authority="Wagler, 1828" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" box="[977,1409,199,225]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B4A0FF2CFB3D0FED" box="[977,1235,199,224]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chaunus marmoratus</emphasis>
Wagler, 1828
</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B7E6FF04FE100E04" authority="Spix, 1824" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,510,239,265]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B7E6FF04FE8C0E05" box="[151,354,239,264]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bufo granulosus</emphasis>
Spix, 1824
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B525FF04FC690E04" authority="Fitzinger, 1826" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[596,903,239,265]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B525FF04FD560E05" box="[596,696,239,264]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rhinella</emphasis>
Fitzinger, 1826
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54E08838FFCEFF93B4E7FF04FC240E04" box="[918,970,239,265]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
species by monotypy: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B270FF04FE2E0E3F" authority="Spix, 1824" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1824" class="Insecta" family="Dryophthoridae" genus="Oxyrhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proboscideus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B270FF04FEDD0E3C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Oxyrhynchus proboscideus</emphasis>
Spix, 1824
</taxonomicName>
) as genera distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B59AFEF3FCCC0E3C" box="[747,802,280,305]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B59AFEF3FCCC0E3C" box="[747,802,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bufo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCEFF93B445FEF3FAAB0E3F" box="[820,1349,280,306]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refString="Chaparro, J. C.; Pramuk, J. &amp; Gluesenkamp, A. (2007) A new species of arboreal Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from cloud forest of southeastern Peru. Herpetologica, 63, 203 - 212." type="journal article">Chaparro, Pramuk and Gluesenkamp (2007)</bibRefCitation>
placed 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B7E6FEABFF110E54" box="[151,255,320,345]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B7E6FEABFF110E54" box="[151,255,320,345]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chaunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B6BAFEABFDC10E54" box="[459,559,320,345]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B6BAFEABFDC10E54" box="[459,559,320,345]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rhinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Contrary to these authors implied statement that 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B304FEABFB330E54" box="[1141,1245,320,345]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B304FEABFB330E54" box="[1141,1245,320,345]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chaunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is nested within 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B7E6FE82FF140E8F" box="[151,250,361,386]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B7E6FE82FF140E8F" box="[151,250,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rhinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this is not the case. Their phylogenetic tree shows that two monophyletic clades (sister groups) are subsumed within their concept of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B553FE7AFD6B0EA7" box="[546,645,401,426]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B553FE7AFD6B0EA7" box="[546,645,401,426]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rhinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. One of these includes the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B4B1FE7AFBCE0EA7" box="[960,1056,401,426]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marinus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B4B1FE7AFBCE0EA7" box="[960,1056,401,426]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">marinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B35FFE7AFB7F0EA7" box="[1070,1169,401,426]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">crucifer,</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B3BBFE7AFAA80EA7" box="[1226,1350,401,426]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">spinulosus</emphasis>
groups and consitutes the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B6B1FE52FDC60EDF" box="[448,552,441,466]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B6B1FE52FDC60EDF" box="[448,552,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chaunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as used here. The other, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B422FE52FC580EDF" box="[851,950,441,466]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B422FE52FC580EDF" box="[851,950,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rhinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B4B9FE52FBB20EDF" box="[968,1116,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sensu stricto</emphasis>
), includes the 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B27AFE52FA720EDF" box="[1291,1436,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">margaritifer</emphasis>
group of which 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B620FE09FDA20EF6" box="[337,588,482,507]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B620FE09FDA20EF6" box="[337,588,482,507]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rhinella proboscidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member and a number of additional South American subclades.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FDE1FC140D29" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,1018,522,548]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The following species was called 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B5F2FDE1FCCF0D2E" box="[643,801,522,547]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marinus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B5F2FDE1FCCF0D2E" box="[643,801,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bufo marinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCEFF93B436FDE1FC180D29" author="Savage" box="[839,1014,522,548]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FDD8FD580D41" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,694,562,588]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786FDD8FD800D41" authority="Linne, 1758" authorityName="Linne" authorityYear="1758" box="[247,622,562,588]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chaunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marinus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786FDD8FE280D41" box="[247,454,563,588]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chaunus marinus</emphasis>
(Linné, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
(199)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B7E6FDB0FDEE0D78" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[151,512,602,629]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B7E6FDB0FE390D78" authority="Cope, 1889" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,471,603,629]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Crepidophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B7E6FDB0FEA70D79" box="[151,329,603,628]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Crepidophryne</emphasis>
Cope, 1889
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B699FDB1FE190D79" bold="true" box="[488,503,602,628]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FD68FB2F0D90" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,1217,643,669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The following species were included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B5BDFD6FFC0C0D90" box="[716,994,644,669]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Crepidophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epiotica">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B5BDFD6FFC0C0D90" box="[716,994,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Crepidophryne epiotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCEFF93B37FFD68FB500D90" author="Savage" box="[1038,1214,643,669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFCEFF93B786FD47FE490C32" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FD47FC6D0DCB" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,899,684,710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786FD47FC6D0DCB" ID-CoL="ZDS2" authority="Vaughan &amp; Mendelson, 2007" authorityName="Vaughan &amp; Mendelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[247,899,684,710]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Crepidophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chompipe">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786FD47FDCF0DC8" box="[247,545,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Crepidophryne chompipe</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCEFF93B558FD47FC6D0DCB" author="Vaughan" box="[553,899,684,710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="Vaughan, A. &amp; Mendelson III, J. R. (2007) Taxonomy and ecology of the Central American toads of the genus Crepidophryne (Anura: Bufonidae). Copeia, 2007, 304 - 314." type="journal article" year="2007">Vaughan &amp; Mendelson, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FD3FFD190DE3" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,759,724,750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786FD3FFD5E0DE3" ID-CoL="ZDS3" authority="Cope, 1875" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[247,688,724,750]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Crepidophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epiotica">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786FD3FFDE00DE0" box="[247,526,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Crepidophryne epiotica</emphasis>
(Cope, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
(211)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FD16FC790C1A" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,919,765,791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786FD16FC790C1A" ID-CoL="ZDS4" authority="Vaughan &amp; Mendelson, 2007" authorityName="Vaughan &amp; Mendelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[247,919,765,791]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Crepidophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guanacaste">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786FD16FDDB0C1B" box="[247,565,765,790]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Crepidophryne guanacaste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCEFF93B54DFD16FC790C1A" author="Vaughan" box="[572,919,765,791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="Vaughan, A. &amp; Mendelson III, J. R. (2007) Taxonomy and ecology of the Central American toads of the genus Crepidophryne (Anura: Bufonidae). Copeia, 2007, 304 - 314." type="journal article" year="2007">Vaughan &amp; Mendelson, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B7E6FCCEFE490C32" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[151,423,805,831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B7E6FCCEFE930C32" ID-CoL="5458" authority="Cope, 1863" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,381,805,831]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B7E6FCCEFF010C33" box="[151,239,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Incilius</emphasis>
Cope, 1863
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B6FFFCCEFE730C32" bold="true" box="[398,413,805,831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">9</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFCEFF93B7E6FCA5FD360B57" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B7E6FCA5FB320CEC" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Frost 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B7AAFCA5FEE00C6A" box="[219,270,846,871]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
. (2006) recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B68BFCA5FCEC0C65" authority="Cope, 1875" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[506,770,846,872]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fissurellidae" genus="Cranopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepetellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B68BFCA5FD9D0C6A" box="[506,627,846,871]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cranopsis</emphasis>
Cope, 1875
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B4B6FCA5FC100C6A" box="[967,1022,846,871]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B4B6FCA5FC100C6A" box="[967,1022,846,871]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bufo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Inasmuch as 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B3D7FCA5FAF10C6A" box="[1190,1311,846,871]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fissurellidae" genus="Cranopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepetellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B3D7FCA5FAF10C6A" box="[1190,1311,846,871]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cranopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior homonym, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCEFF93B651FC9DFD210C9D" box="[288,719,886,912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refString="Frost, D. R.; Grant, T. &amp; Mendelson III, J. R. (2006) Ollotis Cope, 1875 is the oldest name for the genus currently referred to as Cranopsis Cope, 1875 (Anura: Hyloides: Bufonidae). Copeia, 2006, 558." type="journal article">Frost, Grant and Mendelson (2006)</bibRefCitation>
applied the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B4C7FC9DFBE80C82" box="[950,1030,886,911]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ollotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B4C7FC9DFBE80C82" box="[950,1030,886,911]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ollotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to this genus. Unfortunately, the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B791FC74FE250CB5" authority="Cope, 1863" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1863" box="[224,459,926,952]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B791FC74FED60CB5" box="[224,312,927,952]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Incilius</emphasis>
Cope, 1863
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54E08838FFCEFF93B6ADFC75FDFE0CB5" box="[476,528,926,952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B5F1FC74FBFE0CB5" authority="Cope, 1862" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" box="[640,1040,926,952]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Chilophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conifera">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B5F1FC74FC900CB5" box="[640,894,927,952]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chilophryne conifera</emphasis>
Cope, 1862
</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B345FC74FA9A0CB5" authority="Cope, 1862" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" box="[1076,1396,926,952]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coniferus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B345FC74FB0C0CB5" box="[1076,1250,927,952]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bufo coniferus</emphasis>
Cope, 1862
</taxonomicName>
by subsequent designation of Kellogg 1932) has priority over 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B438FC2CFC770CED" box="[841,921,967,992]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ollotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B438FC2CFC770CED" box="[841,921,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ollotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(D. R. Frost, pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FC04FC0F0B04" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,993,1007,1033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The following species were included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B5BDFC1BFCED0B04" box="[716,771,1008,1033]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B5BDFC1BFCED0B04" box="[716,771,1008,1033]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bufo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCEFF93B45EFC04FC300B04" author="Savage" box="[815,990,1007,1033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FBF3FA720B3F" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,1436,1048,1074]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The following species was included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B5B6FBF3FC5B0B3C" box="[711,949,1048,1073]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanochlorus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B5B6FBF3FC5B0B3C" box="[711,949,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bufo melanochlorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCEFF93B492FBF3FB600B3F" author="Savage" box="[995,1166,1048,1074]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
but was recognized as
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FBABFD360B57" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,728,1088,1114]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
distinct by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCEFF93B608FBABFD3A0B57" box="[377,724,1088,1114]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="O'Neill, E. M. &amp; Mendelson III, J. R. (2004) The taxonomy of Costa Rican toads referred to Bufo melanochlorus Cope, with the description of a new species. Journal of Herpetology, 38, 487 - 494." type="journal article">O’Neill &amp; Mendelson (2004)</bibRefCitation>
:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFCEFF93B786FB82FD720BA6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FB82FCC90B8E" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,807,1129,1155]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786FB82FCC90B8E" authority="O'Neill &amp; Mendelson, 2004" authorityName="O'Neill &amp; Mendelson" authorityYear="2004" box="[247,807,1129,1155]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancoinae">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786FB82FE2C0B8F" box="[247,450,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Incilius ancoinae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCEFF93B6A0FB82FCF00B8E" author="O'Neill" box="[465,798,1129,1155]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="O'Neill, E. M. &amp; Mendelson III, J. R. (2004) The taxonomy of Costa Rican toads referred to Bufo melanochlorus Cope, with the description of a new species. Journal of Herpetology, 38, 487 - 494." type="journal article" year="2004">O’Neill &amp; Mendelson, 2004</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FB7AFD720BA6" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,668,1169,1195]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786FB7AFDB80BA6" ID-CoL="3PLC9" authority="Cope, 1866" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1866" box="[247,598,1169,1195]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coccifer">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786FB7AFE5A0BA7" box="[247,436,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Incilius coccifer</emphasis>
(Cope, 1866)
</taxonomicName>
(203)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFCEFF94B786FB51FE970DE7" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FB51FD450BD9" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,683,1210,1236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786FB51FD8B0BD9" authority="Cope, 1862" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" box="[247,613,1210,1236]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coniferus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786FB51FE2D0BDE" box="[247,451,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Incilius coniferus</emphasis>
(Cope, 1862)
</taxonomicName>
(207)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FB09FD520BF1" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,700,1250,1276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786FB09FD9B0BF1" authority="Cope, 1875" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[247,629,1250,1276]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fastidiosus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786FB09FE3D0BF6" box="[247,467,1250,1275]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Incilius fastidiosus</emphasis>
(Cope, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
(195)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FAE1FD270A29" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,713,1290,1316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786FAE1FD6C0A29" authority="Taylor, 1952" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1952" box="[247,642,1290,1316]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holdridgei">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786FAE1FE3E0A2E" box="[247,464,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Incilius holdridgei</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1952)
</taxonomicName>
(196)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FAD8FD310A40" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,735,1331,1357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786FAD8FD770A40" authority="Boulenger, 1891" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1891" box="[247,665,1331,1357]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luetkenii">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786FAD8FE550A41" box="[247,443,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Incilius luetkenii</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1891)
</taxonomicName>
(208)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FAB0FD030A78" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,749,1371,1397]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786FAB0FD480A78" authority="Cope, 1877" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1877" box="[247,678,1371,1397]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanochlorus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786FAB0FDEA0A79" box="[247,516,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Incilius melanochlorus</emphasis>
(Cope, 1877)
</taxonomicName>
(209)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FA6FFCDC0A90" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,818,1411,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786FA6FFE3E0A90" box="[247,464,1412,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="periglenes">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786FA6FFE3E0A90" box="[247,464,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Incilius periglenes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Savage, “1966”, 1967) (202)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786FA47FD070ACB" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,745,1452,1478]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786FA47FD4C0ACB" authority="Wiegmann, 1833" authorityName="Wiegmann" authorityYear="1833" box="[247,674,1452,1478]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valliceps">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786FA47FE500AC8" box="[247,446,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Incilius valliceps</emphasis>
(Wiegmann, 1833)
</taxonomicName>
(210)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B7E6FA3EFE460AE3" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[151,424,1492,1518]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B7E6FA3EFE900AE3" authority="Cope, 1862" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,382,1492,1518]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhaebo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B7E6FA3EFF1F0AE3" box="[151,241,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rhaebo</emphasis>
Cope, 1862
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B6E1FA3FFE710AE3" bold="true" box="[400,415,1492,1518]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B7E6FA16FCB9091B" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[151,855,1533,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Frost 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B7ABFA16FEE0091B" box="[218,270,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
. (2006) recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B68BFA16FDBA091B" box="[506,596,1533,1558]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhaebo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B68BFA16FDBA091B" box="[506,596,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rhaebo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B469FA16FCB9091B" box="[792,855,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B469FA16FCBD091B" box="[792,851,1533,1558]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bufo</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786F9CEFBD80932" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,1078,1573,1599]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The following species was called 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B5F2F9CDFCB90932" box="[643,855,1574,1599]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haematiticus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B5F2F9CDFCB90932" box="[643,855,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bufo haematiticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCEFF93B4F2F9CEFBDC0932" author="Savage" box="[899,1074,1573,1599]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786F9A5FD2D0965" blockId="3.[151,1436,158,1640]" box="[247,707,1614,1640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786F9A5FD950965" authority="Cope, 1862" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" box="[247,635,1614,1640]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhaebo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haematiticus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786F9A5FE00096A" box="[247,494,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rhaebo haematiticus</emphasis>
Cope, 1862
</taxonomicName>
(198)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B7E6F974FE1409EC" blockId="3.[151,896,1694,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
FAMILY 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B67FF974FD4F09B4" authority="Taylor, 1951" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1951" box="[270,673,1695,1721]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">CENTROLENIDAE Taylor, 1951</taxonomicName>
3G (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B5ACF975FD1409B5" bold="true" box="[733,762,1694,1720]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">13</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B7E6F92CFE2109EC" authority="Noble, 1920" authorityName="Noble" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,463,1735,1761]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B7E6F92CFED609ED" box="[151,312,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Centrolenella</emphasis>
Noble, 1920
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B690F92CFE0109EC" bold="true" box="[481,495,1735,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786F91BFD5B0807" blockId="3.[151,896,1694,2004]" box="[247,693,1776,1802]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786F91BFD810807" authority="Savage, 1967" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1967" box="[247,623,1776,1802]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ilex">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786F91BFE270804" box="[247,457,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Centrolenella ilex</emphasis>
Savage, 1967
</taxonomicName>
(360)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786F8F3FE1C0857" blockId="3.[151,896,1694,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786F8F3FD15083F" authority="Boettger, 1892" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1892" box="[247,763,1816,1842]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prosoblepon">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786F8F3FDDC083C" box="[247,562,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Centrolenella prosoblepon</emphasis>
(Boettger, 1892)
</taxonomicName>
(361) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B7E6F8ABFE260857" authority="Taylor, 1959" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,456,1856,1882]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B7E6F8ABFEC40854" box="[151,298,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cochranella</emphasis>
Taylor, 1959
</taxonomicName>
(5)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786F882FCC5088E" blockId="3.[151,896,1694,2004]" box="[247,811,1897,1923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786F882FD0D088E" authority="Taylor, 1949" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1949" box="[247,739,1897,1923]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomaculata">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786F882FDDC088F" box="[247,562,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cochranella albomaculata</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1949)
</taxonomicName>
(365)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786F87AFC6E08A6" blockId="3.[151,896,1694,2004]" box="[247,896,1937,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786F87AFCD608A6" authority="Savage &amp; Starrett, 1967" authorityName="Savage &amp; Starrett" authorityYear="1967" box="[247,824,1937,1963]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="euknemos">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786F87AFDEA08A7" box="[247,516,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cochranella euknemos</emphasis>
(Savage &amp; Starrett, 1967)
</taxonomicName>
(363)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCEFF93B786F851FCEF08D9" blockId="3.[151,896,1694,2004]" box="[247,769,1978,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCEFF93B786F851FD5708D9" authority="Taylor, 1949" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1949" box="[247,697,1978,2004]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulosa">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCEFF93B786F851FDE608DE" box="[247,520,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cochranella granulosa</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1949)
</taxonomicName>
(363)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FF75FCF30E04" blockId="4.[151,1435,158,588]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The following species was called 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B5C4FF74FBDC0FB5" box="[693,1074,159,184]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulveratum">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B5C4FF74FBDC0FB5" box="[693,1074,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hyalinobatrachium pulveratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC9FF94B303FF75FAC80FB5" author="Savage" box="[1138,1318,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
but was transferred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B6EAFF2CFDC00FED" box="[411,558,199,224]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B6EAFF2CFDC00FED" box="[411,558,199,224]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cochranella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC9FF94B528FF2CFBAC0FEC" author="Cisneros-Heredia" box="[601,1090,199,225]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" refString="Cisneros-Heredia D. F. &amp; McDiarmid, R. W. (2006) A new species of the genus Centrolene (Amphibia: Anura: Centrolenidae) from Ecuador with comments on the taxonomy and biogeography of glassfrogs. Zootaxa, 1244, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2006">Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid (2006)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FF04FD390E04" authority="W. Peters, 1873" authorityName="W. Peters" authorityYear="1873" box="[247,727,239,265]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulverata">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FF04FDEF0E05" box="[247,513,239,264]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cochranella pulverata</emphasis>
(W. Peters, 1873)
</taxonomicName>
(368)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FEF3FD0D0E3F" blockId="4.[151,1435,158,588]" box="[247,739,280,306]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FEF3FD720E3F" authority="Taylor, 1949" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1949" box="[247,668,280,306]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FEF3FE050E3C" box="[247,491,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cochranella spinosa</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1949)
</taxonomicName>
(365)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B7E6FEABFD5C0E57" blockId="4.[151,1435,158,588]" box="[151,690,320,346]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B7E6FEABFD660E57" authority="Ruiz and Lynch, 1991" authorityName="Ruiz and Lynch" authorityYear="1991" box="[151,648,320,346]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B7E6FEABFE930E54" box="[151,381,320,345]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hyalinobatrachium</emphasis>
Ruiz and Lynch, 1991
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B5E8FEABFD460E57" bold="true" box="[665,680,320,346]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FE82FCAA0E8F" blockId="4.[151,1435,158,588]" box="[247,836,360,386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FE82FD100E8F" authority="Taylor, 1958" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1958" box="[247,766,360,386]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chirripoi">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FE82FDA20E8F" box="[247,588,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hyalinobatrachium chirripoi</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1958)
</taxonomicName>
(369)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FE7AFC670EDE" blockId="4.[151,1435,158,588]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FE7AFCBF0EA6" authority="Taylor, 1949" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1949" box="[247,849,401,427]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colymbiphyllum">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FE7AFD710EA7" box="[247,671,401,426]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1949)
</taxonomicName>
(370) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FE52FCAC0EDE" authority="Boettger, 1893" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1893" box="[247,834,441,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fleischmanni">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FE52FD940EDF" box="[247,634,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni</emphasis>
(Boettger, 1893)
</taxonomicName>
(371)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FE09FC880EF1" blockId="4.[151,1435,158,588]" box="[247,870,482,508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FE09FCF00EF1" authority="Taylor, 1952" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1952" box="[247,798,482,508]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talamancae">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FE09FD830EF6" box="[247,621,482,507]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hyalinobatrachium talamancae</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1952)
</taxonomicName>
(373)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FDE1FCC40D29" blockId="4.[151,1435,158,588]" box="[247,810,522,548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FDE1FD0A0D29" authority="Dunn, 1931" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1931" box="[247,740,522,548]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valerioi">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FDE1FDD10D2E" box="[247,575,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hyalinobatrachium valerioi</emphasis>
(Dunn, 1931)
</taxonomicName>
(374)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FDD8FC150D41" blockId="4.[151,1435,158,588]" box="[247,1019,562,588]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FDD8FC5D0D41" authority="Starrett &amp; Savage, 1973" authorityName="Starrett &amp; Savage" authorityYear="1973" box="[247,947,562,588]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vireovittatum">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FDD8FD6E0D41" box="[247,640,563,588]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hyalinobatrachium vireovittatum</emphasis>
(Starrett &amp; Savage, 1973)
</taxonomicName>
(375)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B7E6FD95FE970DE7" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<collectingCountry id="F34C760AFFC9FF94B7E6FD95FEF70D95" box="[151,281,638,664]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
members of the following family were referred to the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B372FD95FB2E0D95" box="[1027,1216,638,664]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leptodactylidae</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC9FF94B381FD95FA720D95" author="Savage" box="[1264,1436,638,664]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
but Frost 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B679FD4CFED20DCD" box="[264,316,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
. (2006) placed them in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B5F0FD4CFCBD0DCC" box="[641,851,679,705]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Brachycephalidae</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC9FF94B412FD4CFBBD0DCC" box="[867,1107,679,705]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" refString="Hedges, S. B.; Duellman, W. E. &amp; Heinicke, M. P. (2008) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article">
Hedges 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B4B3FD4CFC100DCD" box="[962,1022,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
recognized them as distinct from both families.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFC9FF94B7E6FD13FB7D0C6E" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B7E6FD13FE0B0C37" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
FAMILY 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B67FFD13FC390C1F" ID-CoL="8NC" authority="Hedges, Duellman &amp; Heinicke, 2008" authorityName="Hedges, Duellman &amp; Heinicke" authorityYear="2008" box="[270,983,760,786]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
CRAUGASTORIDAE 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC9FF94B552FD13FC390C1F" author="Hedges" box="[547,983,760,786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" refString="Hedges, S. B.; Duellman, W. E. &amp; Heinicke, M. P. (2008) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">Hedges, Duellman &amp; Heinicke, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 1G (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B369FD13FBDB0C1F" bold="true" box="[1048,1077,760,786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">28</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B7E6FCCBFE430C37" ID-CoL="3VFY" authority="Cope, 1862" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,429,800,826]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B7E6FCCBFEF00C34" box="[151,286,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor</emphasis>
Cope, 1862
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B6CCFCCBFE340C37" bold="true" box="[445,474,800,826]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">28</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B7E6FCA2FB7D0C6E" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[151,1171,841,867]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC9FF94B7E6FCA2FE350C6E" author="Crawford" box="[151,475,841,867]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" refString="Crawford, A. J. &amp; Smith, E. N. (2005) Cenozoic biogeography and evolution in direct-developing frogs of Central America (Leptodactylidae: Eleutherodactylus) as inferred from a phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 35, 536 - 555." type="journal article" year="2005">Crawford and Smith (2005)</bibRefCitation>
recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B51AFCA2FD1C0C6F" ID-CoL="3VFY" box="[619,754,841,866]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B51AFCA2FD1C0C6F" box="[619,754,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B4C6FCA2FB620C6F" ID-CoL="632GS" box="[951,1164,841,866]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B4C6FCA2FB620C6F" box="[951,1164,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFC9FF95B786FC9AFE320CEC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FC9AFB910C86" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,1151,881,907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The following species were included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B5BDFC9AFC4F0C87" box="[716,929,881,906]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B5BDFC9AFC4F0C87" box="[716,929,881,906]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC9FF94B4BDFC9AFB920C86" author="Savage" box="[972,1148,881,907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FC71FD560CB9" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,696,922,948]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FC71FD9C0CB9" authority="Savage, 1974" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1974" box="[247,626,922,948]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andi">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FC71FE570CBE" box="[247,441,922,947]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor andi</emphasis>
(Savage, 1974)
</taxonomicName>
(237)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FC29FD1A0CD1" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,756,962,988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FC29FD400CD1" authority="Savage, 1975" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1975" box="[247,686,962,988]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angelicus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FC29FE180CD6" box="[247,502,962,987]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor angelicus</emphasis>
(Savage, 1975)
</taxonomicName>
(248)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FC00FCBA0B09" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,852,1002,1028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FC00FDE70B09" box="[247,521,1003,1028]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bransfordii">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FC00FDE70B09" box="[247,521,1003,1028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor bransfordii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cope, “1885”, 1886) (257)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FBF8FC670B20" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,905,1043,1069]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FBF8FCAC0B20" authority="Campbell &amp; Savage, 2000" authorityName="Campbell &amp; Savage" authorityYear="2000" box="[247,834,1043,1069]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catalinae">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FBF8FE1C0B21" box="[247,498,1043,1068]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor catalinae</emphasis>
(Campbell &amp; Savage, 2000)
</taxonomicName>
(840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FBD7FCFA0B58" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,788,1083,1109]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FBD7FD230B58" authority="Taylor, 1952" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1952" box="[247,717,1083,1109]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassidigitus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FBD7FDF50B58" box="[247,539,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor crassidigitus</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1952)
</taxonomicName>
(238)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FB8FFD1D0B73" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,755,1124,1150]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FB8FFD420B73" authority="Savage, 1980" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1980" box="[247,684,1124,1150]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuaquero">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FB8FFE1A0B70" box="[247,500,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor cuaquero</emphasis>
(Savage, 1980)
</taxonomicName>
(239)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FB67FD300BAB" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,734,1164,1190]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FB67FD790BAB" authority="Savage, 1975" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1975" box="[247,663,1164,1190]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="escoces">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FB67FE310BA8" box="[247,479,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor escoces</emphasis>
(Savage, 1975)
</taxonomicName>
(249)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FB5EFCF10BC2" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,799,1205,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FB5EFD360BC2" authority="O. Schmidt, 1857" authorityName="O. Schmidt" authorityYear="1857" box="[247,728,1205,1231]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitzingeri">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FB5EFE010BC3" box="[247,495,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor fitzingeri</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="F34C760AFFC9FF94B571FB5EFDF60BC2" box="[512,536,1205,1231]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">O</collectingCountry>
. Schmidt, 1857)
</taxonomicName>
(240)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FB36FCC40BFA" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,810,1245,1271]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FB36FD0A0BFA" authority="Boettger, 1892" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1892" box="[247,740,1245,1271]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fleischmanni">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FB36FDF50BFB" box="[247,539,1245,1270]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor fleischmanni</emphasis>
(Boettger, 1892)
</taxonomicName>
(250)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FAEDFCEA0A2D" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,772,1286,1312]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FAEDFD500A2D" authority="W. Peters, 1863" authorityName="W. Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[247,702,1286,1312]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gollmeri">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FAEDFE060A12" box="[247,488,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor gollmeri</emphasis>
(W. Peters, 1863)
</taxonomicName>
(245)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FAC5FD290A45" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,711,1326,1352]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FAC5FD6E0A45" authority="Cope, 1875" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[247,640,1326,1352]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gulosus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FAC5FE310A4A" box="[247,479,1326,1351]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor gulosus</emphasis>
(Cope, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
(253)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FABCFCFB0A7D" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,789,1366,1392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FABCFD200A7D" authority="Cope, 1875" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[247,718,1366,1392]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FABCFDC30A7D" box="[247,557,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor megacephalus</emphasis>
(Cope, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
(254)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FA94FCFE0A94" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,784,1407,1433]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FA94FD260A94" authority="Cope, 1875" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[247,712,1407,1433]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FA94FDC80A95" box="[247,550,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor melanostictus</emphasis>
(Cope, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
(241)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FA43FD240ACC" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,714,1447,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FA43FD6D0ACC" authority="Taylor, 1955" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1955" box="[247,643,1447,1473]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FA43FE3C0ACC" box="[247,466,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor mimus</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1955)
</taxonomicName>
(246)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FA3BFCD10AE7" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,831,1488,1514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FA3BFD170AE7" authority="Barbour &amp; Dunn, 1921" authorityName="Barbour &amp; Dunn" authorityYear="1921" box="[247,761,1488,1514]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noblei">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FA3BFE210AE4" box="[247,463,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor noblei</emphasis>
(Barbour &amp; Dunn, 1921)
</taxonomicName>
(247)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786FA13FD31091F" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,735,1528,1554]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786FA13FD76091F" authority="Barbour, 1928" authorityName="Barbour" authorityYear="1928" box="[247,664,1528,1554]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obesus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786FA13FE3B091C" box="[247,469,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor obesus</emphasis>
(Barbour, 1928)
</taxonomicName>
(840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786F9CAFCED0936" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,771,1569,1595]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786F9CAFD520936" authority="Barbour, 1926" authorityName="Barbour" authorityYear="1926" box="[247,700,1569,1595]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persimilis">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786F9CAFE170937" box="[247,505,1569,1594]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor persimilis</emphasis>
(Barbour, 1926)
</taxonomicName>
(258)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786F9A2FCD7096E" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,825,1609,1635]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786F9A2FD1C096E" authority="Lips &amp; Savage, 1996" authorityName="Lips &amp; Savage" authorityYear="1996" box="[247,754,1609,1635]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phasma">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786F9A2FE0E096F" box="[247,480,1609,1634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor phasma</emphasis>
(Lips &amp; Savage, 1996)
</taxonomicName>
(242)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786F999FD1F0981" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,753,1650,1676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786F999FD440981" authority="Cope, 1875" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[247,682,1650,1676]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podiciferus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786F999FDE70986" box="[247,521,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor podiciferus</emphasis>
(Cope, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
(259)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786F971FCB309B9" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,861,1690,1716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786F971FDFF09BE" box="[247,529,1690,1715]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyptychus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786F971FDFF09BE" box="[247,529,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor polyptychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cope, “1885”, 1886) (260)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786F929FCD609D1" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,824,1730,1756]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786F929FE0209D6" box="[247,492,1730,1755]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranoides">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786F929FE0209D6" box="[247,492,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor ranoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cope, “1885”, 1886) (251)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786F900FCBE0808" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,848,1771,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786F900FCE70808" authority="Savage &amp; DeWeese, 1979" authorityName="Savage &amp; DeWeese" authorityYear="1979" box="[247,777,1771,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rayo">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786F900FE550809" box="[247,443,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor rayo</emphasis>
(Savage &amp; DeWeese, 1979)
</taxonomicName>
(243)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786F8F8FC0C0820" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,994,1811,1837]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786F8F8FC720820" authority="Campbell &amp; Savage, 2000" authorityName="Campbell &amp; Savage" authorityYear="2000" box="[247,924,1811,1837]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhyacobatrachus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786F8F8FDA20821" box="[247,588,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor rhyacobatrachus</emphasis>
(Campbell &amp; Savage, 2000)
</taxonomicName>
(840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786F8D7FD100858" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,766,1851,1877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786F8D7FD590858" authority="W. Peters, 1873" authorityName="W. Peters" authorityYear="1873" box="[247,695,1851,1877]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugosus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786F8D7FE0C0858" box="[247,482,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor rugosus</emphasis>
(W. Peters, 1873)
</taxonomicName>
(255)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786F88FFCF70873" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,793,1892,1918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786F88FFD3F0873" authority="Cope, 1893" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1893" box="[247,721,1892,1918]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stejnegerianus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786F88FFDDE0870" box="[247,560,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor stejnegerianus</emphasis>
(Cope, 1893)
</taxonomicName>
(261)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786F866FD1C08AB" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,754,1932,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786F866FD5C08AB" authority="Dunn, 1931" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1931" box="[247,690,1932,1958]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talamancae">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786F866FDE008AB" box="[247,526,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor talamancae</emphasis>
(Dunn, 1931)
</taxonomicName>
(244)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786F85EFD2708C2" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,713,1973,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786F85EFD6C08C2" authority="Taylor, 1958" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1958" box="[247,642,1973,1999]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786F85EFE3E08C3" box="[247,464,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor taurus</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1958)
</taxonomicName>
(252)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC9FF94B786F835FCD808FA" blockId="4.[151,1436,638,2039]" box="[247,822,2013,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC9FF94B786F835FD0108FA" authority="Boulenger, 1896" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[247,751,2013,2039]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="underwoodi">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC9FF94B786F835FDFF08FA" box="[247,529,2014,2039]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Craugastor underwoodi</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1896)
</taxonomicName>
(262)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B7E6FF75FCAC0FB5" blockId="5.[151,1435,158,831]" box="[151,834,158,184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
FAMILY 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B67FFF75FD020FB5" authority="Cope, 1865" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1865" box="[270,748,158,184]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">DENDROBATIDAE Cope, 1865 (1850)</taxonomicName>
4G (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B458FF75FCD60FB5" bold="true" box="[809,824,158,184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B7E6FF2CFE100FEC" blockId="5.[151,1435,158,831]" box="[151,510,198,225]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B7E6FF2CFE3B0FEC" authority="Wagler, 1830" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,469,199,225]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B7E6FF2CFEC10FED" box="[151,303,199,224]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dendrobates</emphasis>
Wagler, 1830
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B697FF2DFE1A0FED" bold="true" box="[486,500,198,224]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B786FF04FCA40E04" blockId="5.[151,1435,158,831]" box="[247,842,239,265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B786FF04FE010E05" box="[247,495,239,264]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B786FF04FE010E05" box="[247,495,239,264]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dendrobates auratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Girard, “1854”, 1855) (383)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B7E6FEF3FE2A0E3F" blockId="5.[151,1435,158,831]" box="[151,452,279,306]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B7E6FEF3FE750E3F" authority="Bauer, 1994" authorityName="Bauer" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,411,280,306]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Oophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B7E6FEF3FEEA0E3C" box="[151,260,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Oophaga</emphasis>
Bauer, 1994
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B6DDFEFCFE540E3C" bold="true" box="[428,442,279,305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B7E6FEABFD070EA6" blockId="5.[151,1435,158,831]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Grant 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B790FEABFEFD0E54" box="[225,275,320,345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2006) recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B571FEABFD830E54" box="[512,621,320,345]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Oophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B571FEABFD830E54" box="[512,621,320,345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Oophaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B443FEABFC3F0E54" box="[818,977,320,345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B443FEABFC230E54" box="[818,973,320,345]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dendrobates</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The following species were included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B5BDFE82FC8D0E8F" box="[716,867,361,386]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B5BDFE82FC8D0E8F" box="[716,867,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dendrobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC8FF95B4FEFE83FBD00E8F" author="Savage" box="[911,1086,360,386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B786FE7AFD4C0EA6" authority="Taylor, 1958" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1958" box="[247,674,401,427]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Oophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulifera">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B786FE7AFE1E0EA7" box="[247,496,401,426]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Oophaga granulifera</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1958)
</taxonomicName>
(384)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B786FE52FD1A0EDE" blockId="5.[151,1435,158,831]" box="[247,756,441,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B786FE52FD400EDE" authority="O. Schmidt, 1857" authorityName="O. Schmidt" authorityYear="1857" box="[247,686,441,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Oophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilio">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B786FE52FE2B0EDF" box="[247,453,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Oophaga pumilio</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="F34C760AFFC8FF95B6A4FE52FE030EDE" box="[469,493,441,467]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O</collectingCountry>
. Schmidt, 1857)
</taxonomicName>
(386)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B7E6FE09FD610EF1" blockId="5.[151,1435,158,831]" box="[151,655,481,508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B7E6FE09FD800EF1" authority="C. Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1841" authorityName="C. Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,622,482,508]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Phyllobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B7E6FE09FECC0EF6" box="[151,290,482,507]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phyllobates</emphasis>
C. Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1841
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B507FE0AFD6B0EF6" bold="true" box="[630,645,481,507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B786FDE1FD290D41" blockId="5.[151,1435,158,831]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B786FDE1FD3D0D29" authority="O. Schmidt, 1857" authorityName="O. Schmidt" authorityYear="1857" box="[247,723,522,548]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Phyllobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B786FDE1FE040D2E" box="[247,490,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phyllobates lugubris</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="F34C760AFFC8FF95B68AFDE1FDFD0D29" box="[507,531,522,548]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O</collectingCountry>
. Schmidt, 1857)
</taxonomicName>
(388) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B786FDD8FD6E0D41" authority="Cope, 1893" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1893" box="[247,640,562,588]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Phyllobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B786FDD8FE300D41" box="[247,478,563,588]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phyllobates vittatus</emphasis>
(Cope, 1893)
</taxonomicName>
(390)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B7E6FDB0FA750D78" blockId="5.[151,1435,158,831]" box="[151,1435,603,629]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B7E6FDB0FB570D78" authority="Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel" authorityName="Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel" box="[151,1209,603,629]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Silverstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B7E6FDB0FEDE0D79" box="[151,304,603,628]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Silverstoneia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC8FF95B648FDB0FB570D78" author="Grant" box="[313,1209,603,629]" pageId="5" pageNumber="21" refString="Grant, T.; Frost, D. R.; Caldwell, J. P.; Gagliardo, R. W.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Kok, P. J. R.; Means, D. B.; Noonan, B. P.; Schargel, W. E. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2006) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia, Athesphatanura, Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="2006">Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, &amp; Wheeler, 2006,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B7E6FD68FF570D90" blockId="5.[151,1435,158,831]" box="[151,185,643,669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B7D0FD68FF410D90" bold="true" box="[161,175,643,669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B7E6FD47FD350C1A" blockId="5.[151,1435,158,831]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Grant 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B790FD47FEFD0DC8" box="[225,275,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2006) recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B571FD47FD770DC8" box="[512,665,684,709]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Silverstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B571FD47FD770DC8" box="[512,665,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Silverstoneia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B42FFD47FC330DC8" box="[862,989,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colostethu</emphasis>
s. The following species were included in 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B5BDFD3FFCA50DE0" box="[716,843,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colostethu</emphasis>
s by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC8FF95B4F3FD3FFBDE0DE3" author="Savage" box="[898,1072,724,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B786FD16FD7B0C1A" authority="Dunn, 1931" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1931" box="[247,661,765,791]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Silverstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flotator">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B786FD16FE010C1B" box="[247,495,765,790]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Silverstoneia flotator</emphasis>
(Dunn, 1931)
</taxonomicName>
(378)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B786FCCEFD070C32" blockId="5.[151,1435,158,831]" box="[247,745,805,831]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B786FCCEFD4C0C32" authority="Dunn, 1924" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1924" box="[247,674,805,831]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Silverstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nubicola">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B786FCCEFE100C33" box="[247,510,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Silverstoneia nubicola</emphasis>
(Dunn, 1924)
</taxonomicName>
(380)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B7E6FC9DFE320CEC" blockId="5.[151,1436,886,1478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectingCountry id="F34C760AFFC8FF95B7E6FC9DFEF70C9D" box="[151,281,886,912]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
members of the following family were referred to the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B372FC9DFB2E0C9D" box="[1027,1216,886,912]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leptodactylidae</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC8FF95B381FC9DFA720C9D" author="Savage" box="[1264,1436,886,912]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
but Frost 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B679FC74FED20CB5" box="[264,316,927,952]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2006) placed them in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B5F3FC75FCB60CB5" box="[642,856,926,952]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Brachycephalidae</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC8FF95B412FC75FBBD0CB5" box="[867,1107,926,952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" refString="Hedges, S. B.; Duellman, W. E. &amp; Heinicke, M. P. (2008) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article">
Hedges 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B4B2FC74FC100CB5" box="[963,1022,927,952]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
recognized them as distinct from both of these families.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFC8FF95B7E6FC04FA720B57" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B7E6FC04FCE60B3F" blockId="5.[151,1436,886,1478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
FAMILY 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B67FFC04FD100B04" ID-CoL="9M5" authority="Lutz, 1954" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1954" box="[270,766,1007,1033]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE Lutz, 1954</taxonomicName>
1+1 G* (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B41EFC04FC930B04" bold="true" box="[879,893,1007,1033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5</emphasis>
) (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B4E8FC04FC3B0B04" bold="true" box="[921,981,1007,1033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4+1*</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B7E6FBF3FD380B3F" ID-CoL="44CK" authority="Hedges, Duellman &amp; Heinicke (2008)" authorityName="Hedges, Duellman &amp; Heinicke" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,726,1048,1074]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B7E6FBF3FEFF0B3C" box="[151,273,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diasporus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC8FF95B669FBF3FD380B3F" box="[280,726,1048,1074]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" refString="Hedges, S. B.; Duellman, W. E. &amp; Heinicke, M. P. (2008) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article">Hedges, Duellman &amp; Heinicke (2008)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B59EFBFCFD130B3C" bold="true" box="[751,765,1047,1073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B786FBABFA720B57" blockId="5.[151,1436,886,1478]" box="[247,1436,1088,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC8FF95B786FBABFDE70B57" box="[247,521,1088,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" refString="Hedges, S. B.; Duellman, W. E. &amp; Heinicke, M. P. (2008) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article">
Heinicke 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B61FFBABFE490B54" box="[366,423,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
referred members of this genus to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B4BDFBABFBB50B54" box="[972,1115,1088,1113]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B4BDFBABFBB50B54" box="[972,1115,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pristimantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC8FF95B3EAFBABFA720B57" box="[1179,1436,1088,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" refString="Hedges, S. B.; Duellman, W. E. &amp; Heinicke, M. P. (2008) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article">
Hedges 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B271FBABFAD40B54" box="[1280,1338,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFC8FF96B786FB82FCCB0EF1" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B786FB82FB8C0B8E" blockId="5.[151,1436,886,1478]" box="[247,1122,1129,1155]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B60EFB82FE170B8F" box="[383,505,1129,1154]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B60EFB82FE170B8F" box="[383,505,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diasporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B5CFFB82FC7D0B8F" box="[702,915,1129,1154]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B5CFFB82FC7D0B8F" box="[702,915,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B4BDFB82FBB50B8F" box="[972,1115,1129,1154]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B4BDFB82FBB50B8F" box="[972,1115,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pristimantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B786FB7AFB910BA6" blockId="5.[151,1436,886,1478]" box="[247,1151,1169,1195]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The following species were included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B5BDFB7AFC4F0BA7" box="[716,929,1169,1194]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B5BDFB7AFC4F0BA7" box="[716,929,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC8FF95B4BDFB7AFB920BA6" author="Savage" box="[972,1148,1169,1195]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B786FB51FD240BD9" blockId="5.[151,1436,886,1478]" box="[247,714,1210,1236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B786FB51FD6D0BD9" authority="Cope, 1875" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[247,643,1210,1236]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diastema">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B786FB51FE0C0BDE" box="[247,482,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diasporus diastema</emphasis>
(Cope, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
(272)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B786FB09FD020BF1" blockId="5.[151,1436,886,1478]" box="[247,748,1250,1276]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B786FB09FD4A0BF1" authority="Cope, 1875" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[247,676,1250,1276]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hylaeformis">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B786FB09FDEC0BF6" box="[247,514,1250,1275]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diasporus hylaeformis</emphasis>
(Cope, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
(273)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B786FAE1FD270A29" blockId="5.[151,1436,886,1478]" box="[247,713,1290,1316]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B786FAE1FD6C0A29" authority="Savage, 1997" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1997" box="[247,642,1290,1316]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrillo">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B786FAE1FE270A2E" box="[247,457,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diasporus tigrillo</emphasis>
(Savage, 1997)
</taxonomicName>
(274)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B786FAD8FD240A40" blockId="5.[151,1436,886,1478]" box="[247,714,1331,1357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B786FAD8FD6D0A40" authority="Taylor, 1955" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1955" box="[247,643,1331,1357]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vocator">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B786FAD8FE3F0A41" box="[247,465,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diasporus vocator</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1955)
</taxonomicName>
(274)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B7E6FAB0FD010A78" blockId="5.[151,1436,886,1478]" box="[151,751,1371,1397]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B7E6FAB0FD560A78" authority="C. Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1841" authorityName="C. Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,696,1371,1397]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B7E6FAB0FE820A79" box="[151,364,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
C. Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1841
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B5B9FAB0FD390A78" bold="true" box="[712,727,1371,1397]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</emphasis>
*)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B786FA68FBCA0A90" blockId="5.[151,1436,886,1478]" box="[247,1060,1411,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">The following species does not seem to be established in the country:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B786FA47FCBD0ACB" blockId="5.[151,1436,886,1478]" box="[247,851,1452,1478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
* 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B674FA47FCE30ACB" authority="Barbour, 1914" authorityName="Barbour" authorityYear="1914" box="[261,781,1452,1478]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnstonei">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B674FA47FDB20AC8" box="[261,604,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eleutherodactylus johnstonei</emphasis>
Barbour, 1914
</taxonomicName>
(271)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B7E6FA16FCEE099D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1533,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The family status of the following is unsettled. Frost 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B4F1FA16FC2F091B" box="[896,961,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2006) assigned the genus to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B7E6F9CEFD810932" authority="Boulenger, 1882" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,623,1573,1599]" class="Amphibia" family="Amphignathodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Amphignathodontidae Boulenger, 1882</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC8FF95B50DF9CEFC8D0932" box="[636,867,1573,1599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Wiens, J. J.; Kuczynski, C. A.; Duellman, W. E. &amp; Reeder, T. W. (2007) Loss and re-evolution of complex life cycles in marsupial frogs: does ancestral trait reconstruction mislead? Evolution, 61, 1886 - 1899." type="journal article">
Wiens 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B5A1F9CDFCEB0932" box="[720,773,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (2007)
</bibRefCitation>
placed it into a more inclusive 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B390F9CEFEC50965" authority="Peters, 1862" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1862" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hemiphractidae Peters, 1862</taxonomicName>
. We have taken a conservation position and follow the latter authors. FAMILY 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B67FF99DFD44099D" authority="Peters, 1862" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1862" box="[270,682,1654,1680]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">HEMIPHRACTIDAE Peters, 1862</taxonomicName>
1G (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B596F99DFD18099D" bold="true" box="[743,758,1654,1680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B7E6F974FDE209B4" blockId="5.[151,1436,1533,1761]" box="[151,524,1694,1721]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B7E6F974FE0C09B4" authority="Fitzinger, 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,482,1695,1721]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B7E6F974FEC609B5" box="[151,296,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gastrotheca</emphasis>
Fitzinger, 1843
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B682F975FDEC09B5" bold="true" box="[499,514,1694,1720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B786F92CFCE009EC" blockId="5.[151,1436,1533,1761]" box="[247,782,1735,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B786F92CFD2609EC" authority="Boulenger, 1898" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1898" box="[247,712,1735,1761]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B786F92CFE0409ED" box="[247,490,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gastrotheca cornuta</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1898)
</taxonomicName>
(294)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B7E6F8F3FDE5088E" blockId="5.[151,899,1816,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
FAMILY 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B67EF8F3FD8B083F" authority="Rafinesque, 1815" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[271,613,1816,1842]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">HYLIDAE Rafinesque, 1815</taxonomicName>
15 + 1*G (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B59DF8F3FCE7083F" bold="true" box="[748,777,1816,1842]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">42</emphasis>
) (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B455F8F3FC8F083F" bold="true" box="[804,865,1816,1842]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">41+1</emphasis>
*) Subfamily HYLINAE Rafinesque, 1815 12 + 1*G (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B587F8ABFCFD0857" bold="true" box="[758,787,1856,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">36</emphasis>
) (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B45FF8ABFC850857" bold="true" box="[814,875,1856,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">35+1</emphasis>
*) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B7E6F882FE0F088E" authority="H. M.Smith, 1939" authorityName="H. M.Smith" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,481,1897,1923]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Anotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B7E6F882FEE8088F" box="[151,262,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anotheca</emphasis>
H. M.Smith, 1939
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B683F883FDEF088F" bold="true" box="[498,513,1896,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC8FF95B786F87AFDDA08D9" blockId="5.[151,899,1816,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B786F87AFD2D08A6" authority="Steindachner, 1864" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1864" box="[247,707,1937,1963]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Anotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B786F87AFE2908A7" box="[247,455,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anotheca spinosa</emphasis>
(Steindachner, 1864)
</taxonomicName>
(295) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC8FF95B7E6F851FDE508D9" authority="Fitzinger, 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,523,1978,2004]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B7E6F851FEBF08DE" box="[151,337,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dendropsophus</emphasis>
Fitzinger, 1843
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC8FF95B56DF852FDC408DE" bold="true" box="[540,554,1977,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B7E6FF75FCCF0E04" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCBFF96B7E6FF75FE4D0FB5" box="[151,419,158,184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" refString="Faivovich, J.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Garcia, P. C. A.; Frost, D. R.; Campbell, J. A. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2005) Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, 1 - 240." type="journal article">
Faivovich 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B662FF74FEA90FB5" box="[275,327,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B542FF74FD030FB5" box="[563,749,159,184]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B542FF74FD030FB5" box="[563,749,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dendropsophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B4C0FF74FC1C0FB5" box="[945,1010,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B4C0FF74FC000FB5" box="[945,1006,159,184]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hyla</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The following species were included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B5BDFF2CFCEB0FED" box="[716,773,199,224]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B5BDFF2CFCEB0FED" box="[716,773,199,224]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCBFF96B441FF2CFC310FEC" author="Savage" box="[816,991,199,225]" pageId="6" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FF04FD340E04" authority="Cope, 1874" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1874" box="[247,730,239,265]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ebraccatus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FF04FDD70E05" box="[247,569,239,264]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dendropsophus ebraccatus</emphasis>
(Cope, 1874)
</taxonomicName>
(313)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786FEF3FCA90E57" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FEF3FD8A0E3C" box="[247,612,280,305]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microcephalus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FEF3FD8A0E3C" box="[247,612,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dendropsophus microcephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cope, “1885”, 1886) (316) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FEABFCEF0E57" authority="Stejneger, 1906" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityYear="1906" box="[247,769,320,346]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phlebodes">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FEABFDC10E54" box="[247,559,320,345]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dendropsophus phlebodes</emphasis>
(Stejneger, 1906)
</taxonomicName>
(318)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B7E6FE82FD2A0E8F" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[151,708,360,386]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B7E6FE82FD770E8F" authority="Campbell &amp; E. Smith, 1992" authorityName="Campbell &amp; E. Smith" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,665,360,386]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Duellmanohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B7E6FE82FEA20E8F" box="[151,332,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Duellmanohyla</emphasis>
Campbell &amp; E. Smith, 1992
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B5DAFE83FD540E8F" bold="true" box="[683,698,360,386]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786FE7AFCF10EA6" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[247,799,401,427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FE7AFD360EA6" authority="Savage, 1968" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1968" box="[247,728,401,427]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Duellmanohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lythrodes">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FE7AFDCE0EA7" box="[247,544,401,426]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Duellmanohyla lythrodes</emphasis>
(Savage, 1968)
</taxonomicName>
(297)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786FE52FCF50EDE" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[247,795,441,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FE52FD3B0EDE" authority="Taylor, 1952" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1952" box="[247,725,441,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Duellmanohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufioculis">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FE52FDCD0EDF" box="[247,547,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Duellmanohyla rufioculis</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1952)
</taxonomicName>
(298)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786FE09FCCB0EF1" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[247,805,482,508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FE09FD310EF1" authority="Cope, 1875" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[247,735,482,508]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Duellmanohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uranochroa">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FE09FDD30EF6" box="[247,573,482,507]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Duellmanohyla uranochroa</emphasis>
(Cope, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
(299)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFCBFF96B7E6FDE1FCAD0DCB" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B7E6FDE1FB220D29" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[151,1228,522,548]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B7E6FDE1FBFA0D29" ID-CoL="49TJ" authority="Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell &amp; Wheeler, 2005" authorityName="Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell &amp; Wheeler" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,1044,522,548]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Ecnomiohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B7E6FDE1FEDC0D2E" box="[151,306,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecnomiohyla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCBFF96B648FDE1FBFA0D29" author="Faivovich" box="[313,1044,522,548]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" refString="Faivovich, J.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Garcia, P. C. A.; Frost, D. R.; Campbell, J. A. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2005) Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, 1 - 240." type="journal article" year="2005">Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell &amp; Wheeler, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B351FDE1FB4C0D29" bold="true" box="[1056,1186,522,548]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">new genus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B3C2FDE1FB2C0D29" bold="true" box="[1203,1218,522,548]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B7E6FDD9FCAD0DCB" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCBFF96B7E6FDD9FE4D0D41" box="[151,419,562,588]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" refString="Faivovich, J.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Garcia, P. C. A.; Frost, D. R.; Campbell, J. A. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2005) Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, 1 - 240." type="journal article">
Faivovich 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B662FDD8FEA90D41" box="[275,327,563,588]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B542FDD8FD200D41" ID-CoL="49TJ" box="[563,718,563,588]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Ecnomiohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B542FDD8FD200D41" box="[563,718,563,588]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecnomiohyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B4E3FDD8FC3D0D41" box="[914,979,563,588]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B4E3FDD8FC210D41" ID-CoL="4ZYM" box="[914,975,563,588]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hyla</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The following species were included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B5BDFDB0FCEB0D79" ID-CoL="4ZYM" box="[716,773,603,628]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B5BDFDB0FCEB0D79" box="[716,773,603,628]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCBFF96B441FDB0FC310D78" author="Savage" box="[816,991,603,629]" pageId="6" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FD6FFD1C0D90" ID-CoL="38NH8" authority="Taylor, 1948" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1948" box="[247,754,643,669]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Ecnomiohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbrimembra">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FD6FFDAF0D90" box="[247,577,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecnomiohyla fimbrimembra</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1948)
</taxonomicName>
(332) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FD47FE160DC8" ID-CoL="38NH9" box="[247,504,684,709]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Ecnomiohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miliaria">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FD47FE160DC8" box="[247,504,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecnomiohyla miliaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cope, “1885”, 1886) (334)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFCBFF96B7E6FD3FFD1A0B57" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B7E6FD3FFDE40DE3" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[151,522,724,750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B7E6FD3FFE0F0DE3" authority="W. Peters, 1882" authorityName="W. Peters" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,481,724,750]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyloscirtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B7E6FD3FFEF00DE0" box="[151,286,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyloscirtus</emphasis>
W. Peters, 1882
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B680FD3FFDEE0DE3" bold="true" box="[497,512,724,750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B7E6FD16FD3A0C65" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCBFF96B7E6FD16FE4D0C1A" box="[151,419,765,791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" refString="Faivovich, J.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Garcia, P. C. A.; Frost, D. R.; Campbell, J. A. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2005) Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, 1 - 240." type="journal article">
Faivovich 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B662FD16FEA90C1B" box="[275,327,765,790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B542FD16FD540C1B" box="[563,698,765,790]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyloscirtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B542FD16FD540C1B" box="[563,698,765,790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyloscirtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B40FFD16FC510C1B" box="[894,959,765,790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B40FFD16FC550C1B" box="[894,955,765,790]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hyla</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The following species were included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B5BDFCCEFCEB0C33" box="[716,773,805,830]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B5BDFCCEFCEB0C33" box="[716,773,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCBFF96B441FCCEFC310C32" author="Savage" box="[816,991,805,831]" pageId="6" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FCA5FD600C65" authority="Dunn, 1931" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1931" box="[247,654,846,872]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyloscirtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colymba">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FCA5FE060C6A" box="[247,488,846,871]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyloscirtus colymba</emphasis>
(Dunn, 1931)
</taxonomicName>
(306)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786FC9DFCEB0C9D" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[247,773,886,912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FC9DFD500C9D" authority="Boulenger, 1908" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" box="[247,702,886,912]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyloscirtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmeri">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FC9DFE1C0C82" box="[247,498,886,911]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyloscirtus palmeri (</emphasis>
Boulenger, 1908)
</taxonomicName>
(307)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B7E6FC74FE0D0CB5" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[151,483,926,952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B7E6FC74FE570CB5" authority="Wagler, 1830" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,441,926,952]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B7E6FC74FEFD0CB5" box="[151,275,927,952]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hypsiboas</emphasis>
Wagler, 1830
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B6BBFC75FE370CB5" bold="true" box="[458,473,926,952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B7E6FC2CFCF00B3F" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCBFF96B7E6FC2CFE4D0CEC" box="[151,419,967,993]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" refString="Faivovich, J.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Garcia, P. C. A.; Frost, D. R.; Campbell, J. A. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2005) Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, 1 - 240." type="journal article">
Faivovich 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B662FC2CFEA90CED" box="[275,327,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B542FC2CFD410CED" box="[563,687,967,992]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B542FC2CFD410CED" box="[563,687,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hypsiboas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B402FC2CFC420CED" box="[883,940,967,992]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B402FC2CFC420CED" box="[883,940,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The following species were included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B5BDFC1BFCEB0B04" box="[716,773,1008,1033]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B5BDFC1BFCEB0B04" box="[716,773,1008,1033]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCBFF96B441FC04FC310B04" author="Savage" box="[816,991,1007,1033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FBF3FD390B3F" authority="Boulenger, 1898" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1898" box="[247,727,1048,1074]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosenbergi">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FBF3FE170B3C" box="[247,505,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hypsiboas rosenbergi</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1898)
</taxonomicName>
(303)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786FBABFD1A0B57" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[247,756,1088,1114]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FBABFD5D0B57" authority="Fouquette, 1961" authorityName="Fouquette" authorityYear="1961" box="[247,691,1088,1114]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufitelus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FBABFE320B54" box="[247,476,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hypsiboas rufitelus</emphasis>
(Fouquette, 1961)
</taxonomicName>
(302)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFCBFF96B7E6FB82FCCF0BF1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B7E6FB82FBDC0B8E" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[151,1074,1128,1155]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B7E6FB82FC140B8E" ID-CoL="55QY" authority="Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell &amp; Wheeler, 2005" authorityName="Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell &amp; Wheeler" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,1018,1129,1155]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Isthmohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B7E6FB82FEF70B8F" box="[151,281,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isthmohyla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCBFF96B651FB82FC140B8E" author="Faivovich" box="[288,1018,1129,1155]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" refString="Faivovich, J.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Garcia, P. C. A.; Frost, D. R.; Campbell, J. A. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2005) Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, 1 - 240." type="journal article" year="2005">Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell &amp; Wheeler, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B37AFB83FBC60B8F" bold="true" box="[1035,1064,1128,1154]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">11</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B7E6FB7AFCCF0BF1" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCBFF96B7E6FB7AFE4D0BA6" box="[151,419,1169,1195]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" refString="Faivovich, J.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Garcia, P. C. A.; Frost, D. R.; Campbell, J. A. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2005) Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, 1 - 240." type="journal article">
Faivovich 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B662FB7AFEA90BA7" box="[275,327,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B542FB7AFD5B0BA7" ID-CoL="55QY" box="[563,693,1169,1194]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Isthmohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B542FB7AFD5B0BA7" box="[563,693,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isthmohyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B40BFB7AFC5D0BA7" ID-CoL="4ZYM" box="[890,947,1169,1194]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B40BFB7AFC5D0BA7" box="[890,947,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The following species were included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B5BDFB51FCEB0BDE" ID-CoL="4ZYM" box="[716,773,1210,1235]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B5BDFB51FCEB0BDE" box="[716,773,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCBFF96B441FB51FC310BD9" author="Savage" box="[816,991,1210,1236]" pageId="6" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FB09FD340BF1" ID-CoL="3QD7Q" authority="Taylor, 1952" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1952" box="[247,730,1250,1276]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Isthmohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustilineata">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FB09FDC60BF6" box="[247,552,1250,1275]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isthmohyla angustilineata</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1952)
</taxonomicName>
(327)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFCBFF97B786FAE1FD360EDE" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786FAE1FD560A29" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[247,696,1290,1316]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FAE1FD9C0A29" authority="Lips, 1996" authorityName="Lips" authorityYear="1996" box="[247,626,1290,1316]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Isthmohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calypsa">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FAE1FE340A2E" box="[247,474,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isthmohyla calypsa</emphasis>
(Lips, 1996)
</taxonomicName>
(310)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786FAD8FD290A40" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[247,711,1331,1357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FAD8FD6E0A40" authority="Taylor, 1952" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1952" box="[247,640,1331,1357]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Isthmohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="debilis">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FAD8FE200A41" box="[247,462,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isthmohyla debilis</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1952)
</taxonomicName>
(320)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786FAB0FCEF0A78" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[247,769,1371,1397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FAB0FD570A78" authority="Barbour, 1928" authorityName="Barbour" authorityYear="1928" box="[247,697,1371,1397]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Isthmohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancasteri">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FAB0FE1B0A79" box="[247,501,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isthmohyla lancasteri</emphasis>
(Barbour, 1928)
</taxonomicName>
(311)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786FA6FFD2A0A90" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[247,708,1411,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FA6FFD930A90" authority="Dunn, 1937" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1937" box="[247,637,1411,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Isthmohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picadoi">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FA6FFE360A90" box="[247,472,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isthmohyla picadoi</emphasis>
(Dunn, 1937)
</taxonomicName>
(336)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786FA47FD2B0ACB" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[247,709,1452,1478]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FA47FD930ACB" authority="Cope, 1875" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[247,637,1452,1478]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Isthmohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictipes">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FA47FE350AC8" box="[247,475,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isthmohyla pictipes</emphasis>
(Cope, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
(321)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786FA3EFCF10AE3" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[247,799,1492,1518]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FA3EFD370AE3" authority="Gunther, 1901" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1901" box="[247,729,1492,1518]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Isthmohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudopuma">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FA3EFDFA0AE3" box="[247,532,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isthmohyla pseudopuma</emphasis>
(Günther, 1901)
</taxonomicName>
(328)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786FA16FD31091A" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[247,735,1533,1559]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786FA16FD79091A" authority="Taylor, 1952" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1952" box="[247,663,1533,1559]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Isthmohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivularis">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786FA16FE0B091B" box="[247,485,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isthmohyla rivularis</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1952)
</taxonomicName>
(323)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786F9CDFD430932" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[247,685,1573,1599]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786F9CDFD880932" authority="Starrett, 1966" authorityName="Starrett" authorityYear="1966" box="[247,614,1573,1599]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Isthmohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tica">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786F9CDFE420932" box="[247,428,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isthmohyla tica</emphasis>
(Starrett, 1966)
</taxonomicName>
(324)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786F9A5FD5A099D" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786F9A5FD080965" authority="Duellman, 1968" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1968" box="[247,742,1614,1640]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Isthmohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthosticta">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786F9A5FDE1096A" box="[247,527,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isthmohyla xanthosticta</emphasis>
(Duellman, 1968)
</taxonomicName>
(326) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786F99CFD83099D" authority="Gaige, 1929" authorityName="Gaige" authorityYear="1929" box="[247,621,1654,1680]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Isthmohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zeteki">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786F99CFE2C099D" box="[247,450,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isthmohyla zeteki</emphasis>
(Gaige, 1929)
</taxonomicName>
(337)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B7E6F974FDE909B4" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[151,519,1694,1721]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
* 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B7D4F974FE3309B4" authority="Fitzinger, 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[165,477,1695,1721]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B7D4F974FECC09B5" box="[165,290,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Osteopilus</emphasis>
Fitzinger, 1843
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B69FF975FE1309B5" bold="true" box="[494,509,1694,1720]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786F92CFC3309EC" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[247,989,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
* 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B674F92CFC7909EC" authority="C. Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1841" authorityName="C. Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[261,919,1735,1761]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B674F92CFDD609ED" box="[261,568,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Osteopilus septentrionalis</emphasis>
(C. Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1841)
</taxonomicName>
(338)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B7E6F91BFE0D0807" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[151,483,1775,1802]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B7E6F91BFE540807" authority="Taylor, 1944" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,442,1776,1802]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Ptychohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B7E6F91BFEF50804" box="[151,283,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ptychohyla</emphasis>
Taylor, 1944
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B6BBF904FE370804" bold="true" box="[458,473,1775,1801]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B7E6F8F3FD26088E" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCBFF96B7E6F8F3FE4D083F" box="[151,419,1816,1842]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" refString="Faivovich, J.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Garcia, P. C. A.; Frost, D. R.; Campbell, J. A. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2005) Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, 1 - 240." type="journal article">
Faivovich 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B662F8F3FEA9083C" box="[275,327,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B542F8F3FD59083C" box="[563,695,1816,1841]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Ptychohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B542F8F3FD59083C" box="[563,695,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ptychohyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B40AF8F3FC5A083C" box="[891,948,1816,1841]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B40AF8F3FC5A083C" box="[891,948,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The following species was called 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B5F2F8AAFCFE0857" box="[643,784,1857,1882]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="legleri">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B5F2F8AAFCFE0857" box="[643,784,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyla legleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCBFF96B44DF8ABFC050857" author="Savage" box="[828,1003,1856,1882]" pageId="6" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786F882FD6E088E" authority="Taylor, 1958" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1958" box="[247,640,1897,1923]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Ptychohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="legleri">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786F882FE21088F" box="[247,463,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ptychohyla legleri</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1958)
</taxonomicName>
(331)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B7E6F87AFE5808A6" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[151,438,1937,1963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B7E6F87AFE6208A6" authority="Wagler, 1830" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,396,1937,1963]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B7E6F87AFF0B08A7" box="[151,229,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Scinax</emphasis>
Wagler, 1830
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B6ECF87AFE4208A6" bold="true" box="[413,428,1937,1963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCBFF96B786F851FD5A08D9" blockId="6.[151,1228,158,2004]" box="[247,692,1978,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCBFF96B786F851FD8308D9" authority="Cope, 1887" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1887" box="[247,621,1978,2004]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCBFF96B786F851FE2508DE" box="[247,459,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Scinax boulengeri</emphasis>
(Cope, 1887)
</taxonomicName>
(343)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B786FF74FD570FB5" blockId="7.[151,1128,158,1357]" box="[247,697,158,184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786FF74FD9C0FB5" authority="Cope, 1875" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[247,626,158,184]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elaeochroa">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786FF74FE3E0FB5" box="[247,464,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Scinax elaeochroa</emphasis>
(Cope, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
(345)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B786FF2CFD780FEC" blockId="7.[151,1128,158,1357]" box="[247,662,199,225]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786FF2CFDA10FEC" authority="Cope, 1865" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1865" box="[247,591,199,225]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="staufferi">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786FF2CFE400FED" box="[247,430,199,224]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Scinax staufferi</emphasis>
(Cope, 1865)
</taxonomicName>
(346)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B7E6FF04FE5C0E04" blockId="7.[151,1128,158,1357]" box="[151,434,239,265]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B7E6FF04FE670E04" authority="Cope, 1865" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,393,239,265]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Smilisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B7E6FF04FF140E05" box="[151,250,239,264]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Smilisca</emphasis>
Cope, 1865
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B6EBFF04FE470E04" bold="true" box="[410,425,239,265]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B786FEF3FD470E57" blockId="7.[151,1128,158,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786FEF3FCCC0E3F" authority="C. Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1841" authorityName="C. Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[247,802,280,306]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Smilisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baudinii">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786FEF3FE2D0E3C" box="[247,451,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Smilisca baudinii</emphasis>
(C. Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1841)
</taxonomicName>
(349) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786FEABFD8F0E57" authority="Cope, 1862" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" box="[247,609,320,346]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Smilisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phaeota">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786FEABFE2E0E54" box="[247,448,320,345]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Smilisca phaeota</emphasis>
(Cope, 1862)
</taxonomicName>
(351)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B786FE82FD000E8F" blockId="7.[151,1128,158,1357]" box="[247,750,360,386]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786FE82FE4C0E8F" box="[247,418,361,386]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Smilisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puma">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786FE82FE4C0E8F" box="[247,418,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Smilisca puma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cope, “1884”, 1885) (352)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B786FE7AFCEC0EA6" blockId="7.[151,1128,158,1357]" box="[247,770,401,427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786FE7AFD520EA6" authority="Duellman &amp; Trueb, 1966" authorityName="Duellman &amp; Trueb" authorityYear="1966" box="[247,700,401,427]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Smilisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sila">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786FE7AFE650EA7" box="[247,395,401,426]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Smilisca sila</emphasis>
Duellman &amp; Trueb, 1966
</taxonomicName>
(354)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B786FE52FD360EDE" blockId="7.[151,1128,158,1357]" box="[247,728,441,467]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786FE52FD7E0EDE" authority="W. Peters, 1863" authorityName="W. Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[247,656,441,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Smilisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786FE52FE540EDF" box="[247,442,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Smilisca sordida</emphasis>
(W. Peters, 1863)
</taxonomicName>
(355)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFCAFF97B7E6FE09FE3F0C65" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B7E6FE09FDC50D90" blockId="7.[151,1128,158,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B7E6FE09FBEC0EF1" ID-CoL="7XC4" authority="Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell &amp; Wheeler, 2005" authorityName="Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell &amp; Wheeler" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,1026,482,508]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Tlalocohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B7E6FE09FECD0EF6" box="[151,291,482,507]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlalocohyla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCAFF97B65BFE09FBEC0EF1" author="Faivovich" box="[298,1026,482,508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" refString="Faivovich, J.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Garcia, P. C. A.; Frost, D. R.; Campbell, J. A. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2005) Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, 1 - 240." type="journal article" year="2005">Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell &amp; Wheeler, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B365FE0AFBCD0EF6" bold="true" box="[1044,1059,481,507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</emphasis>
) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCAFF97B7E6FDE1FE4D0D29" box="[151,419,522,548]" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" refString="Faivovich, J.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Garcia, P. C. A.; Frost, D. R.; Campbell, J. A. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2005) Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, 1 - 240." type="journal article">
Faivovich 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B662FDE1FEA90D2E" box="[275,327,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B542FDE1FD510D2E" ID-CoL="7XC4" box="[563,703,522,547]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Tlalocohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B542FDE1FD510D2E" box="[563,703,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlalocohyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B4F5FDE1FC530D2E" ID-CoL="4ZYM" box="[900,957,522,547]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B4F5FDE1FC530D2E" box="[900,957,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The following species was called 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B5F2FDD8FCFD0D41" ID-CoL="3NCZJ" box="[643,787,563,588]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loquax">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B5F2FDD8FCFD0D41" box="[643,787,563,588]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hyla loquax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCAFF97B44EFDD9FC030D41" author="Savage" box="[831,1005,562,588]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786FDB0FD010D78" ID-CoL="579LS" authority="Gaige &amp; Stuart, 1934" authorityName="Gaige &amp; Stuart" authorityYear="1934" box="[247,751,603,629]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Tlalocohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loquax">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786FDB0FE340D79" box="[247,474,603,628]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tlalocohyla loquax</emphasis>
(Gaige &amp; Stuart, 1934)
</taxonomicName>
(308) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B7E6FD6FFDEF0D90" ID-CoL="647ZW" authority="Tschudi, 1838" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,513,643,669]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Trachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B7E6FD6FFEBC0D90" box="[151,338,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trachycephalus</emphasis>
Tschudi, 1838
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B563FD68FDCF0D90" bold="true" box="[530,545,643,669]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B7E6FD47FE3F0C65" blockId="7.[151,1128,158,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCAFF97B7E6FD47FE4D0DCB" box="[151,419,684,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" refString="Faivovich, J.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Garcia, P. C. A.; Frost, D. R.; Campbell, J. A. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2005) Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, 1 - 240." type="journal article">
Faivovich 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B662FD47FEA90DC8" box="[275,327,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
synonymized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B53FFD47FD340DC8" box="[590,730,684,709]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Phrynohyas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B53FFD47FD340DC8" box="[590,730,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phrynohyas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B46CFD47FC360DC8" ID-CoL="647ZW" box="[797,984,684,709]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Trachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B46CFD47FC360DC8" box="[797,984,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trachycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The following species was called 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B5F2FD3FFC640DE0" box="[643,906,724,749]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Phrynohyas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venulosus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B5F2FD3FFC640DE0" box="[643,906,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phrynohyas venulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCAFF97B4C7FD3FFB8B0DE3" author="Savage" box="[950,1125,724,750]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786FD16FD1A0C1A" ID-CoL="57PWD" authority="Laurenti, 1768" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[247,756,765,791]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Trachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venulosus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786FD16FDC20C1B" box="[247,556,765,790]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trachycephalus venulosus</emphasis>
(Laurenti, 1768)
</taxonomicName>
(340) Subfamily 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B669FCCEFD070C32" ID-CoL="K5H" box="[280,745,805,831]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phyllomedusinae">PHYLLOMEDUSINAE Günther, 1858</taxonomicName>
3G (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B454FCCEFCDD0C32" bold="true" box="[805,819,805,831]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">6</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B7E6FCA5FE490C65" authority="Cope, 1864" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,423,846,872]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Agalychnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B7E6FCA5FEF70C6A" box="[151,281,846,871]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Agalychnis</emphasis>
Cope, 1864
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B6C9FCA6FE290C6A" bold="true" box="[440,455,845,871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFCAFF97B786FC9DFD180B04" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B786FC9DFD080C9D" blockId="7.[151,1128,158,1357]" box="[247,742,886,912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786FC9DFD710C9D" authority="Duellman. 1963" authorityName="Duellman." authorityYear="1963" box="[247,671,886,912]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Agalychnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annae">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786FC9DFE260C82" box="[247,456,886,911]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Agalychnis annae</emphasis>
(Duellman. 1963)
</taxonomicName>
(278)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B786FC74FD310CB5" blockId="7.[151,1128,158,1357]" box="[247,735,926,952]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786FC74FD790CB5" authority="Cope, 1862" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" box="[247,663,926,952]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Agalychnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="callidryas">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786FC74FE1B0CB5" box="[247,501,927,952]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Agalychnis callidryas</emphasis>
(Cope, 1862)
</taxonomicName>
(281)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B786FC2CFD2E0CEC" blockId="7.[151,1128,158,1357]" box="[247,704,967,993]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786FC2CFD950CEC" authority="Taylor, 1955" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1955" box="[247,635,967,993]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Agalychnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786FC2CFE350CED" box="[247,475,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Agalychnis saltator</emphasis>
Taylor, 1955
</taxonomicName>
(283)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B786FC1BFD180B04" blockId="7.[151,1128,158,1357]" box="[247,758,1007,1033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786FC1BFD5E0B04" authority="Boulenger, 1913" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1913" box="[247,688,1007,1033]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Agalychnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spurrelli">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786FC1BFE0B0B04" box="[247,485,1008,1033]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Agalychnis spurrelli</emphasis>
Boulenger, 1913
</taxonomicName>
(285)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFCAFF97B7E6FBF3FD880BD9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B7E6FBF3FCF60BA6" blockId="7.[151,1128,158,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B7E6FBF3FC170B3F" authority="Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell &amp; Wheeler, 2005" authorityName="Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell &amp; Wheeler" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,1017,1048,1074]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Cruziohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B7E6FBF3FEF70B3C" box="[151,281,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cruziohyla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCAFF97B651FBF3FC170B3F" author="Faivovich" box="[288,1017,1048,1074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" refString="Faivovich, J.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Garcia, P. C. A.; Frost, D. R.; Campbell, J. A. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2005) Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, 1 - 240." type="journal article" year="2005">Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell &amp; Wheeler, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B37AFBFCFBF70B3C" bold="true" box="[1035,1049,1047,1073]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</emphasis>
) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCAFF97B7E6FBABFE4D0B57" box="[151,419,1088,1114]" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" refString="Faivovich, J.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Garcia, P. C. A.; Frost, D. R.; Campbell, J. A. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2005) Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, 1 - 240." type="journal article">
Faivovich 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B662FBABFEA90B54" box="[275,327,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B542FBABFD5B0B54" box="[563,693,1088,1113]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Cruziohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B542FBABFD5B0B54" box="[563,693,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cruziohyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B40BFBABFC120B54" box="[890,1020,1088,1113]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Agalychnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B40BFBABFC120B54" box="[890,1020,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Agalychnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The following species was called 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B5F2FB82FC910B8F" box="[643,895,1129,1154]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Agalychnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcarifer">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B5F2FB82FC910B8F" box="[643,895,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Agalychnis calcarifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCAFF97B4DDFB82FBB50B8E" author="Savage" box="[940,1115,1129,1155]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786FB7AFD3C0BA6" authority="Boulenger, 1902" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1902" box="[247,722,1169,1195]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Cruziohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcarifer">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786FB7AFE1A0BA7" box="[247,500,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cruziohyla calcarifer</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1902)
</taxonomicName>
(279)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B7E6FB51FD880BD9" blockId="7.[151,1128,158,1357]" box="[151,614,1209,1236]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B7E6FB51FE790BD9" authority="W. Peters" authorityName="W. Peters" box="[151,407,1210,1236]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hylomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B7E6FB51FEF00BDE" box="[151,286,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hylomantis</emphasis>
W. Peters
</taxonomicName>
“1872”, 1873 (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B53CFB52FDB50BDE" bold="true" box="[589,603,1209,1235]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFCAFF98B7E6FB09FE320ACB" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B7E6FB09FD000A40" blockId="7.[151,1128,158,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Faviovich 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B662FB09FEA90BF6" box="[275,327,1250,1275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. (2005) recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B542FB09FD540BF6" box="[563,698,1250,1275]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hylomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B542FB09FD540BF6" box="[563,698,1250,1275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hylomantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B40FFB09FBCA0BF6" box="[894,1060,1250,1275]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Phyllomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B40FFB09FBCA0BF6" box="[894,1060,1250,1275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phyllomedusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The following species was called 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B5F2FAE1FC9A0A2E" box="[643,884,1290,1315]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Phyllomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemur">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B5F2FAE1FC9A0A2E" box="[643,884,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phyllomedusa lemur</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCAFF97B4D0FAE1FBA10A29" author="Savage" box="[929,1103,1290,1316]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786FAD8FD490A40" authority="Boulenger, 1882" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1882" box="[247,679,1331,1357]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hylomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lemur">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786FAD8FE270A41" box="[247,457,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hylomantis lemur</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1882)
</taxonomicName>
(286)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B7E6FA68FA750A90" blockId="7.[151,1435,1411,1680]" box="[151,1435,1411,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The members of the following family were included in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B41BFA68FBC90A90" box="[874,1063,1411,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leptodactylidae</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCAFF97B328FA68FAE40A90" author="Savage" box="[1113,1290,1411,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
. Frost 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B22FFA6FFA7A0A90" box="[1374,1428,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B7E6FA47FCE20ACB" blockId="7.[151,1435,1411,1680]" box="[151,780,1452,1478]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(2006) recognized it as distinct from the latter family.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B7E6FA3FFD050AE3" blockId="7.[151,1435,1411,1680]" box="[151,747,1492,1518]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
FAMILY 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B67FFA3FFD7B0AE3" authority="Bonaparte, 1850" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1850" box="[270,661,1492,1518]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">LEIUPERIDAE Bonaparte, 1850</taxonomicName>
1G (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B5A3FA3FFD0F0AE3" bold="true" box="[722,737,1492,1518]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B7E6FA16FD47091A" blockId="7.[151,1435,1411,1680]" box="[151,681,1533,1559]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B7E6FA16FE74091A" authority="Jimenez" authorityName="Jimenez" box="[151,410,1533,1559]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Engystomops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B7E6FA16FEDD091B" box="[151,307,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Engystomops</emphasis>
Jiménez
</taxonomicName>
de la Espada, 1872 (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B5E1FA16FD71091A" bold="true" box="[656,671,1533,1559]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B7E6F9CEFD10099D" blockId="7.[151,1435,1411,1680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCAFF97B7E6F9CEFD630932" box="[151,653,1573,1599]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" refString="Nascimento, L. B.; Caramaschi, U. &amp; Cruz, C. A. G. (2005) Taxonomic review of the species groups of the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 with revalidation of the genera Engystomops Jimenez-de-la-Espada, 1872 and Eupemphix Steindachner, 1863 (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae). Arquivos do Museo Nacional. Rio de Janeiro, 63, 297 - 320." type="journal article">Nascimento, Caramaschi, and Cruz (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B450F9CDFC530932" box="[801,957,1574,1599]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Engystomops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B450F9CDFC530932" box="[801,957,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Engystomops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B3F3F9CDFAF30932" box="[1154,1309,1574,1599]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B3F3F9CDFAF30932" box="[1154,1309,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Physalaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The following species was called 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B5F2F9A5FC4F096A" box="[643,929,1614,1639]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pustulosus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B5F2F9A5FC4F096A" box="[643,929,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Physalaemus pustulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCAFF97B4BCF9A5FB920965" author="Savage" box="[973,1148,1614,1640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786F99CFD56099D" authority="Cope, 1864" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1864" box="[247,696,1654,1680]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Engystomops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pustulosus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786F99CFDF8099D" box="[247,534,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Engystomops pustulosus</emphasis>
(Cope, 1864)
</taxonomicName>
(224)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B7E6F92CFC9709EC" blockId="7.[151,1436,1735,2004]" box="[151,889,1735,1761]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
FAMILY 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B67FF92CFCCB09EC" authority="Werner, 1896" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1896" box="[270,805,1735,1761]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">LEPTODACTYLIDAE Werner, 1896 (1838)</taxonomicName>
1G (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B411F92CFC8109EC" bold="true" box="[864,879,1735,1761]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B7E6F91BFDCF0807" blockId="7.[151,1436,1735,2004]" box="[151,545,1775,1802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B7E6F91BFE190807" authority="Fitzinger, 1826" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[151,503,1776,1802]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B7E6F91BFE400804" box="[151,430,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Leptodactylus Fitzinger</emphasis>
, 1826
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B579F904FDF80804" bold="true" box="[520,534,1775,1801]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B786F8F3FE130857" blockId="7.[151,1436,1735,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The following species was called 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B5F9F8F3FC63083C" box="[648,909,1816,1841]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B5F9F8F3FC63083C" box="[648,909,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Leptodactylus labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCAFF97B4CAF8F3FB84083F" author="Savage" box="[955,1130,1816,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCAFF97B304F8F3FAFD083F" author="Heyer" box="[1141,1299,1816,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" refString="Heyer, W. R. (2002) Leptodactylus fragilis, the valid name for the Middle American and northern South American whitelipped frog (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115, 321 - 322." type="journal article" year="2002">Heyer (2002)</bibRefCitation>
recognized it as a distinct species:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B786F882FD11088E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1735,2004]" box="[247,767,1897,1923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B786F882FD56088E" authority="Brocchi, 1877" authorityName="Brocchi" authorityYear="1877" box="[247,696,1897,1923]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B786F882FE16088F" box="[247,504,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Leptodactylus fragilis</emphasis>
(Brocchi, 1877)
</taxonomicName>
(221)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFCAFF97B786F87AFCF208D9" blockId="7.[151,1436,1735,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The following species was called 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFCAFF97B5FDF87AFC5A08A7" box="[652,948,1937,1962]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bolivianus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFCAFF97B5FDF87AFC5A08A7" box="[652,948,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Leptodactylus bolivianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFCAFF97B492F87AFB6108A6" author="Savage" box="[995,1167,1937,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
but is recognized as a distinct species by W. R. Heyer (pers. comm.):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786FF74FCFE0FB5" blockId="8.[247,1261,158,346]" box="[247,784,158,184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786FF74FD240FB5" authority="Barbour, 1906" authorityName="Barbour" authorityYear="1906" box="[247,714,158,184]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularum">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786FF74FDF40FB5" box="[247,538,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leptodactylus insularum</emphasis>
Barbour, 1906
</taxonomicName>
(217)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786FF2CFCC90E04" blockId="8.[247,1261,158,346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786FF2CFDD60FED" box="[247,568,199,224]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanonotus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786FF2CFDD60FED" box="[247,568,199,224]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leptodactylus melanonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hallowell, “1860”, 1861) (215) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786FF04FD0E0E04" authority="Cope, 1862" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" box="[247,736,239,265]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilochilus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786FF04FDD10E05" box="[247,575,239,264]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leptodactylus poecilochilus</emphasis>
(Cope, 1862)
</taxonomicName>
(222)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786FEF3FD350E57" blockId="8.[247,1261,158,346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The following species was included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B5B1FEF3FBE10E3C" box="[704,1039,280,305]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pentadactylus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B5B1FEF3FBE10E3C" box="[704,1039,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leptodactylus pentadactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC5FF98B34BFEF3FB070E3F" author="Savage" box="[1082,1257,280,306]" pageId="8" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786FEABFD7A0E57" authority="Heyer, 2005" authorityName="Heyer" authorityYear="2005" box="[247,660,320,346]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="savagei">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786FEABFE120E54" box="[247,508,320,345]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leptodactylus savagei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC5FF98B572FEABFD7A0E57" author="Heyer" box="[515,660,320,346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="22" refString="Heyer, W. R. (2005) Variation and taxonomic clarification of the large species of the Leptodactylus pentadactylus species group (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) from Middle America, northern South America, and Amazonia. Arquivos de Zoologia, 37, 269 - 348." type="journal article" year="2005">Heyer, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(219)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B7E6FE7AFDF00EDE" blockId="8.[151,881,400,669]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
FAMILY 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B67FFE7AFD190EA6" authority="Gunther, 1858" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1858" box="[270,759,401,427]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">MICROHYLIDAE Günther, 1858 (1843)</taxonomicName>
3G (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B442FE7BFCAF0EA7" bold="true" box="[819,833,400,426]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B7E6FE52FE1A0EDE" authority="Fitzinger, 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,500,441,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Gastrophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B7E6FE52FED40EDF" box="[151,314,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gastrophryne</emphasis>
Fitzinger, 1843
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B574FE52FDFA0EDE" bold="true" box="[517,532,441,467]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786FE09FC9F0EF1" blockId="8.[151,881,400,669]" box="[247,881,482,508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786FE09FDCA0EF6" box="[247,548,482,507]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Gastrophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictiventris">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786FE09FDCA0EF6" box="[247,548,482,507]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gastrophryne pictiventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cope, “1885”, 1886) (393)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B7E6FDE1FDF80D29" blockId="8.[151,881,400,669]" box="[151,534,522,548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B7E6FDE1FE1B0D29" authority="Keferstein, 1867" authorityName="Keferstein" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,501,522,548]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hypopachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B7E6FDE1FEC40D2E" box="[151,298,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hypopachus</emphasis>
Keferstein, 1867
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B68CFDE1FDE20D29" bold="true" box="[509,524,522,548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786FDD8FE190D78" blockId="8.[151,881,400,669]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786FDD8FD420D41" authority="Cope, 1866" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1866" box="[247,684,562,588]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hypopachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variolosus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786FDD8FDE50D41" box="[247,523,563,588]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hypopachus variolosus</emphasis>
(Cope, 1866)
</taxonomicName>
(394) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B7E6FDB0FE380D78" authority="Frost, 1987" authorityName="Frost" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,470,603,629]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Nelsonophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B7E6FDB0FEA70D79" box="[151,329,603,628]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nelsonophryne</emphasis>
Frost, 1987
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B6AEFDB1FE000D79" bold="true" box="[479,494,602,628]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786FD6FFCCE0D90" blockId="8.[151,881,400,669]" box="[247,800,643,669]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786FD6FFD340D90" authority="Gunther, 1900" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1900" box="[247,730,643,669]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Nelsonophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aterrima">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786FD6FFDF80D90" box="[247,534,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nelsonophryne aterrima</emphasis>
(Günther, 1900)
</taxonomicName>
(396)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B7E6FD3FFCFD0DE3" blockId="8.[151,1359,724,1155]" box="[151,787,724,750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
FAMILY 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B67FFD3FFD880DE3" authority="Rafinseque, 1814" authorityName="Rafinseque" authorityYear="1814" box="[270,614,724,750]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">RANIDAE Rafinseque, 1814</taxonomicName>
1G (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B5D2FD3FFD5F0DE3" bold="true" box="[675,689,724,750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6</emphasis>
) (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B5BDFD3FFCE70DE3" bold="true" box="[716,777,724,750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5+1*</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B7E6FD16FDA00C1A" blockId="8.[151,1359,724,1155]" box="[151,590,764,791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B7E6FD16FE230C1A" authority="Fitzinger, 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,461,765,791]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Lithobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B7E6FD16FEFD0C1B" box="[151,275,765,790]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lithobates</emphasis>
Fitzinger, 1843
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B6AFFD17FE030C1B" bold="true" box="[478,493,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6</emphasis>
) (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B576FD17FDD80C1B" bold="true" box="[519,566,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5+1</emphasis>
*)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B7E6FCCEFD020CEC" blockId="8.[151,1359,724,1155]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Frost 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B7ABFCCEFEE00C33" box="[218,270,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. (2006) recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B68BFCCEFD980C33" box="[506,630,805,830]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Lithobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B68BFCCEFD980C33" box="[506,630,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lithobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B44BFCCEFC960C33" box="[826,888,805,830]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B44BFCCEFC960C33" box="[826,888,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a result confirmed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC5FF98B3F0FCCEFAA50C32" box="[1153,1355,805,831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" refString="Che, J.; Pang, J.; Zhao, H.; Wu, G.; Zhao, E. &amp; Zhang, Y. (2007) Phylogeny of Raninae (Anura: Ranidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 1 - 13." type="journal article">
Che 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B3C6FCCEFB040C33" box="[1207,1258,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. (2007)
</bibRefCitation>
. The following species does not seem to be established in the country: * 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B678FC9DFD220C9D" authority="Shaw, 1802" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1802" box="[265,716,886,912]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Lithobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catesbeianus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B678FC9DFDCD0C82" box="[265,547,886,911]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lithobates catesbeianus</emphasis>
(Shaw, 1802)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B5A9FC9DFC410C9D" bold="true" box="[728,943,886,912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">addition to fauna</emphasis>
The following species were included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B5BDFC74FCE40CB5" box="[716,778,927,952]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B5BDFC74FCE40CB5" box="[716,778,927,952]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC5FF98B444FC75FC0A0CB5" author="Savage" box="[821,996,926,952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786FC2CFD480CEC" authority="Boulenger, 1883" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1883" box="[247,678,967,993]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Lithobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forreri">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786FC2CFE260CED" box="[247,456,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lithobates forreri</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1883)
</taxonomicName>
(399)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786FC1BFCEB0B04" blockId="8.[151,1359,724,1155]" box="[247,773,1007,1033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786FC1BFD500B04" authority="H. M. Smith, 1959" authorityName="H. M. Smith" authorityYear="1959" box="[247,702,1007,1033]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Lithobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taylori">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786FC1BFE260B04" box="[247,456,1008,1033]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lithobates taylori</emphasis>
(H. M. Smith, 1959)
</taxonomicName>
(400)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786FBF3FD040B3F" blockId="8.[151,1359,724,1155]" box="[247,746,1048,1074]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786FBF3FD4D0B3F" authority="Brocchi, 1877" authorityName="Brocchi" authorityYear="1877" box="[247,675,1048,1074]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Lithobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vaillanti">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786FBF3FE320B3C" box="[247,476,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lithobates vaillanti</emphasis>
(Brocchi, 1877)
</taxonomicName>
(402)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786FBABFD390B57" blockId="8.[151,1359,724,1155]" box="[247,727,1088,1114]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786FBABFD7F0B57" authority="Cope, 1894" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1894" box="[247,657,1088,1114]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Lithobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vibicarius">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786FBABFE010B54" box="[247,495,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lithobates vibicarius</emphasis>
(Cope, 1894)
</taxonomicName>
(403)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786FB82FCB90B8E" blockId="8.[151,1359,724,1155]" box="[247,855,1129,1155]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786FB82FCFE0B8E" authority="O. Schmidt, 1857" authorityName="O. Schmidt" authorityYear="1857" box="[247,784,1129,1155]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Lithobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="warszewitschii">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786FB82FDC80B8F" box="[247,550,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lithobates warszewitschii</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="F34C760AFFC5FF98B546FB82FDA10B8E" box="[567,591,1129,1155]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</collectingCountry>
. Schmidt, 1857)
</taxonomicName>
(404)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B7E6FB51FD470BF1" blockId="8.[151,915,1209,1316]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
FAMILY 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B67FFB51FD910BD9" authority="Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" box="[270,639,1210,1236]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhinophrynidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">RHINOPHRYNIDAE Günther</taxonomicName>
, “1858”, 1859 1G (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B415FB52FC9D0BDE" bold="true" box="[868,883,1209,1235]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B7E6FB09FD660BF1" authority="C. Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1841" authorityName="C. Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,648,1250,1276]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhinophrynidae" genus="Rhinophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B7E6FB09FED50BF6" box="[151,315,1250,1275]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rhinophrynus</emphasis>
C. Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1841
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B5E1FB0AFD710BF6" bold="true" box="[656,671,1249,1275]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786FAE1FC7D0A29" blockId="8.[151,915,1209,1316]" box="[247,915,1290,1316]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786FAE1FCA20A29" authority="C. Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1841" authorityName="C. Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[247,844,1290,1316]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhinophrynidae" genus="Rhinophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786FAE1FDEF0A2E" box="[247,513,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rhinophrynus dorsalis</emphasis>
C. Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1841
</taxonomicName>
(183)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B7E6FAB0FE320ACB" blockId="8.[151,1436,1371,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry id="F34C760AFFC5FF98B7E6FAB0FEF70A78" box="[151,281,1371,1397]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
members of the following family were referred to the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B372FAB0FB2E0A78" box="[1027,1216,1371,1397]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leptodactylidae</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC5FF98B381FAB0FA720A78" author="Savage" box="[1264,1436,1371,1397]" pageId="8" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
but Frost 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B679FA6FFED20A90" box="[264,316,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. (2006) placed them in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B5F3FA68FCB60A90" box="[642,856,1411,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Brachycephalidae</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC5FF98B412FA68FBBD0A90" box="[867,1107,1411,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="22" refString="Hedges, S. B.; Duellman, W. E. &amp; Heinicke, M. P. (2008) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article">
Hedges 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B4B3FA6FFC180A90" box="[962,1014,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
recognized them as distinct from both of these families.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFC5FF98B7E6FA3FFE9D0965" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B7E6FA3FFD11091A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1371,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B7E6FA3FFCB50AE3" ID-CoL="GQC" authority="Hedges, Duellman &amp; Henicke, 2008" authorityName="Hedges, Duellman &amp; Henicke" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,859,1492,1518]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
STRABOMANTIDAE Hedges, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC5FF98B564FA3FFCB50AE3" author="Duellman" box="[533,859,1492,1518]" pageId="8" pageNumber="22" refString="Hedges, S. B.; Duellman, W. E. &amp; Heinicke, M. P. (2008) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">Duellman &amp; Henicke, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 2G (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B4EDFA3FFC450AE3" bold="true" box="[924,939,1492,1518]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">9</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B7E6FA16FE63091A" authority="Jimenez" authorityName="Jimenez" box="[151,397,1533,1559]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B7E6FA16FEC8091B" box="[151,294,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pristimantis</emphasis>
Jiménez
</taxonomicName>
de la Espada, “1870”, 1871 (
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B597FA16FD1B091A" bold="true" box="[742,757,1533,1559]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B7E6F9CEFE9D0965" blockId="8.[151,1436,1371,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC5FF98B7E6F9CEFD7E0932" box="[151,656,1573,1599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="22" refString="Heinicke, M. P.; Duellman, W. E. &amp; Hedges, S. B. (2007) Major Caribbean and Central American frog faunas originated by ancient oceanic dispersal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 10092 - 10097." type="journal article">Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges (2007)</bibRefCitation>
recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B45EF9CDFC500932" box="[815,958,1574,1599]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B45EF9CDFC500932" box="[815,958,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pristimantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from both 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B397F9CDFA8C0932" box="[1254,1378,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Craugator</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B7E6F9A5FE82096A" ID-CoL="632GS" box="[151,364,1614,1639]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B7E6F9A5FE82096A" box="[151,364,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3416511FFC5FF99B786F99DFCBA0E8F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786F99DFB91099D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1371,2004]" box="[247,1151,1654,1680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The following species were included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B5BDF99CFC4F099D" box="[716,929,1655,1680]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B5BDF99CFC4F099D" box="[716,929,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC5FF98B4BDF99DFB92099D" author="Savage" box="[972,1148,1654,1680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786F974FD5A09B4" blockId="8.[151,1436,1371,2004]" box="[247,692,1695,1721]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786F974FD8309B4" authority="Dunn, 1942" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1942" box="[247,621,1695,1721]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altae">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786F974FE3709B5" box="[247,473,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pristimantis altae (</emphasis>
Dunn, 1942)
</taxonomicName>
(265)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786F92CFCB609EC" blockId="8.[151,1436,1371,2004]" box="[247,856,1735,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786F92CFCFF09EC" authority="Barbour, 1928" authorityName="Barbour" authorityYear="1928" box="[247,785,1735,1761]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caryophyllaceus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786F92CFDA309ED" box="[247,589,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pristimantis caryophyllaceus</emphasis>
(Barbour, 1928)
</taxonomicName>
(266)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786F91BFD080807" blockId="8.[151,1436,1371,2004]" box="[247,742,1776,1802]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786F91BFD710807" authority="Cope, 1875" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[247,671,1776,1802]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cerasinus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786F91BFE130804" box="[247,509,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pristimantis cerasinus</emphasis>
(Cope, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
(264)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786F8F3FCE1083F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1371,2004]" box="[247,783,1816,1842]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786F8F3FD26083F" authority="W. Peters, 1873" authorityName="W. Peters" authorityYear="1873" box="[247,712,1816,1842]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cruentus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786F8F3FE1C083C" box="[247,498,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pristimantis cruentus</emphasis>
(W. Peters, 1873)
</taxonomicName>
(267)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786F8AAFD390857" blockId="8.[151,1436,1371,2004]" box="[247,727,1856,1882]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786F8AAFD7E0857" authority="Dunn, 1931" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1931" box="[247,656,1856,1882]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigeae">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786F8AAFE120857" box="[247,508,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pristimantis gaigeae (</emphasis>
Dunn, 1931)
</taxonomicName>
(263)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786F882FD24088E" blockId="8.[151,1436,1371,2004]" box="[247,714,1897,1923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786F882FD6D088E" authority="Savage, 1965" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1965" box="[247,643,1897,1923]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moro">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786F882FE25088F" box="[247,459,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pristimantis moro</emphasis>
(Savage, 1965)
</taxonomicName>
(268)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786F87AFD1408A6" blockId="8.[151,1436,1371,2004]" box="[247,762,1937,1963]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786F87AFD5D08A6" authority="Barbour, 1928" authorityName="Barbour" authorityYear="1928" box="[247,691,1937,1963]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786F87AFE0008A7" box="[247,494,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pristimantis pardalis</emphasis>
(Barbour, 1928)
</taxonomicName>
(269)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC5FF98B786F851FD5108D9" blockId="8.[151,1436,1371,2004]" box="[247,703,1978,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC5FF98B786F851FD9608D9" authority="Cope, 1866" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1866" box="[247,632,1978,2004]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ridens">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC5FF98B786F851FE3808DE" box="[247,470,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pristimantis ridens</emphasis>
(Cope, 1866)
</taxonomicName>
(269)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC4FF99B7E6FF74FE1B0FB5" blockId="9.[151,1436,158,386]" box="[151,501,158,184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC4FF99B7E6FF74FE220FB5" authority="Peters, 1863" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,460,158,184]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Strabomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC4FF99B7E6FF74FEDD0FB5" box="[151,307,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Strabomantis</emphasis>
Peters, 1863
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC4FF99B6ADFF75FE050FB5" bold="true" box="[476,491,158,184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC4FF99B7E6FF2CFE380E3F" blockId="9.[151,1436,158,386]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Heinicke 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC4FF99B676FF2CFED50FED" box="[263,315,199,224]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
. (2006) recognized 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC4FF99B554FF2CFD480FED" box="[549,678,199,224]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lymnophis</emphasis>
Jiménez de la Espada, “1870”, 1871 as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC4FF99B264FF2CFA720FED" box="[1301,1436,199,224]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC4FF99B264FF2CFA720FED" box="[1301,1436,199,224]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Craugastor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC4FF99B7B8FF04FE700E05" box="[201,414,239,264]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC4FF99B7B8FF04FE700E05" box="[201,414,239,264]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Inasmuch as 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC4FF99B538FF04FD240E05" box="[585,714,239,264]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Limnophys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC4FF99B538FF04FD240E05" box="[585,714,239,264]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Limnophys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior homonym, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC4FF99B4A9FF04FB270E04" box="[984,1225,239,265]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" refString="Hedges, S. B.; Duellman, W. E. &amp; Heinicke, M. P. (2008) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article">
Hedges 
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC4FF99B349FF04FB820E05" box="[1080,1132,239,264]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
applied the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC4FF99B7E6FEF3FEDD0E3C" box="[151,307,280,305]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Strabomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC4FF99B7E6FEF3FEDD0E3C" box="[151,307,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Strabomantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to this genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4369AFFC4FF99B786FEABFCBA0E8F" blockId="9.[151,1436,158,386]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The following species was included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC4FF99B5B1FEABFC7B0E54" box="[704,917,320,345]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC4FF99B5B1FEABFC7B0E54" box="[704,917,320,345]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B6BFFC4FF99B4B0FEABFB9E0E57" author="Savage" box="[961,1136,320,346]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, U. S. A., 934 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D19FFC4FF99B786FE82FCE00E8F" authority="Boulenger, 1896" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[247,782,360,386]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Strabomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufoniformis">
<emphasis id="B92FEA88FFC4FF99B786FE82FDDE0E8F" box="[247,560,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Strabomantis bufoniformis</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1896)
</taxonomicName>
(256)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>