345 lines
69 KiB
XML
345 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.35929/RSZ.0083" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7761487" checkinTime="1679514280647" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Schwendinger, Peter J., Huber, Siegfried, Lehmann-Graber, Christina, Ono, Hirotsugu, Aung, Mu Mu & Hongpadharakiree, Komsan" docDate="2022" docId="03E18D717249037BB2D7F924508FF98A" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.129.2.375-424.pdf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 129 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.35929/rsz.0083" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256.3:RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Liphistius tung Schwendinger, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="392" masterDocId="FFD8F50972460369B239FFEC5305FF92" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Liphistius birmanicus-group (Araneae: Liphistiidae) with the description of five new species" masterLastPageNumber="424" masterPageNumber="375" pageNumber="389" updateTime="1679571001943" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Liphistius birmanicus-group (Araneae: Liphistiidae) with the description of five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Schwendinger, Peter J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève, C. P. 6404, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Huber, Siegfried</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ottenbohlstrasse 12, D- 88690 Mühlhofen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Lehmann-Graber, Christina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève, C. P. 6404, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ono, Hirotsugu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aung, Mu Mu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Forest Research Institute, Forest Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hongpadharakiree, Komsan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Sirinart Rajini Mangrove Ecosystem Learning Center, Pranburi, Prachuab Khiri Khan Province, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-10-03</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>129</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>375</mods:start>
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<mods:end>424</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.35929/rsz.0083</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.35929/RSZ.0083</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7761487</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761511" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7761511" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E18D717249037BB2D7F924508FF98A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E18D717249037BB2D7F924508FF98A" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
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<subSubSection box="[238,669,1736,1760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[238,669,1736,1792]" box="[238,669,1736,1760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
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<heading bold="true" box="[238,669,1736,1760]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="389" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[238,669,1736,1760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
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<taxonomicName authority="Schwendinger" authorityName="Schwendinger" box="[238,572,1736,1760]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tung" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[238,404,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Liphistius tung</emphasis>
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Schwendinger
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[584,669,1737,1760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[373,534,1769,1792]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[238,669,1736,1792]" box="[373,534,1769,1792]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
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<figureCitation box="[373,439,1769,1792]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,186,1431,1452]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,257,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-270@7.[151,1436,257,1395]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 1. Localities of species in the Liphistius birmanicus-group in northern Thailand, eastern Myanmar and southern China. Blue lines indicate major rivers, black lines national borders, grey lines major roads." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761489/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[452,487,1769,1792]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,186,1932,1953]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,783,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-159@8.[151,1436,777,1910]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. Habitus of some species of the Liphistius birmanicus-group. (A) Liphistius tung sp. nov., male holotype.(B) Liphistius pyinoolwin, male (matured 1.X.2014) from the Anisakan Falls; note exuviae of ectoparasitic mites (Ljunghia sp.) on the opisthosoma. (C) Liphistius platnicki sp. nov., female paratype (moulted 10.III.2021) from near Loi Kan Village. (D, F) Liphistius cupreus sp. nov., male paratype from near Kong Nyaung Village. (E) Same species, different male paratype. (G) Same species, female paratype (moulted 13.II.2021). (H-I) Same species, different female paratype (moulted 21.V.2021). Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761491/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">2A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[498,534,1769,1792]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionStartId-1="17.[151,186,1966,1987]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetBox-1="[160,1422,958,1921]" captionTargetId-0="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetId-1="figure-390@17.[151,1428,949,1929]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionText-0="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." captionText-1="Fig. 9. Liphistius tung sp. nov., vulval plates of four females; dorsal view (A, C, E, G) and ventral view (B, D, F, H). (A-B) Allotype (taken from specimen). (C-D) Large paratype (taken from specimen). (E-F) Medium-sized paratype (from exuvia 18.IV.2013). (G-H) Small paratype (from exuvia 28.III.2012). Arrow indicating pronounced step between anterior lobes and lateral margin of poreplate. Scale lines 1.0 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761513" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7761513/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">8-9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="389" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[151,756,1816,1998]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
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<materialsCitation pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,266,1816,1839]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Holotype:</emphasis>
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MHNG-ARTO-0028284 (sample THMY-10/08); male (matured 23.I.2014); Myanmar, Shan State, near Kong Paek Village (21°19’55”N, 99°30’37”E), NW of Kyaing Tong (= Kengtung, Keng Tong, Chieng Tung, Chiang Tung), 1300 m; 7.-8.I.2011; leg. P.J. Schwendinger.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[151,756,2022,2077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,276,2022,2045]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Paratypes:</emphasis>
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MHNG-ARTO-0028285 (sample THMY-10/08); 1 male (matured 10.I.2013); collected together
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="15.[831,1436,258,376]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
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with the holotype. –
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<materialsCitation pageId="15" pageNumber="389">MHNG-ARTO-0028286 to ARTO-28290, BRCM (sample THMY-10/08); 6 females (allotype, MHNG-ARTO-0028286); collected together with the holotype</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</materialsCitation>
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<paragraph blockId="15.[831,1436,399,454]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,1024,399,422]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Other material:</emphasis>
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MHNG (sample THMY-10/08); 1 penultimate male collected together with the types.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="389" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[831,1436,478,596]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,964,478,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Etymology:</emphasis>
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The species epithet is a name in apposition taken from “Tungkalasi”, a mythical hermit who is said to have founded the city of Kengtung, the capital of a former Shan principality.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="389" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[831,1437,619,989]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,951,619,642]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Medium-sized species with no annulations on legs and palps in either sex. Similar to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schwendinger" authorityYear="1998" box="[1346,1430,651,674]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lahu">
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<emphasis box="[1346,1430,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">L. lahu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, males distinguished by para-embolic plate much longer (
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<figureCitation box="[839,904,714,737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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H-I, cf.
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<figureCitation box="[995,1082,714,737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,186,1824,1845]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,649,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-152@10.[151,1436,644,1782]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Liphistius lahu, palp of male holotype (B-I) and of male paratype (A, J). (A-B) Contrategulum of right palp, distal view (dorsal side up). (C) Left palpal organ, distal and slightly retrodorsal view (dorsal side up). (D) Distal part of left palpal organ, retroventral and slightly distal view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of left palp, vental and slightly proximal view. (F) Distal part of left tibia, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. (G) Palpal organ and distal margin of tibia of left palp, prolateral and slightly proximal view. (H) Proximal part of tarsus of right palp, ventral view. (I-J) Same of left palp. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-G; H-J). Abbreviations: c - cumulus; cp - proventral contrategular process; da - dorsal apex of distal contrategular edge; de - prolateral part of distal edge of contrategulum; me - membranous part of embolus proper; pc - paracymbium; pl - proximal ledge on retrodorsal side of contrategulum; pp - para-embolic plate; pt - palpal tarsus; re - retroventral edge of embolus complex; se - sclerotised part of embolus proper; st - subtegulum; t - tegulum; ta - tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761497/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
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); slightly bent proximal edge of tegulum more strongly salient (
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<figureCitation box="[1182,1247,745,768]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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H-I cf.
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<figureCitation box="[1334,1424,745,768]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,186,1824,1845]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,649,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-152@10.[151,1436,644,1782]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Liphistius lahu, palp of male holotype (B-I) and of male paratype (A, J). (A-B) Contrategulum of right palp, distal view (dorsal side up). (C) Left palpal organ, distal and slightly retrodorsal view (dorsal side up). (D) Distal part of left palpal organ, retroventral and slightly distal view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of left palp, vental and slightly proximal view. (F) Distal part of left tibia, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. (G) Palpal organ and distal margin of tibia of left palp, prolateral and slightly proximal view. (H) Proximal part of tarsus of right palp, ventral view. (I-J) Same of left palp. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-G; H-J). Abbreviations: c - cumulus; cp - proventral contrategular process; da - dorsal apex of distal contrategular edge; de - prolateral part of distal edge of contrategulum; me - membranous part of embolus proper; pc - paracymbium; pl - proximal ledge on retrodorsal side of contrategulum; pp - para-embolic plate; pt - palpal tarsus; re - retroventral edge of embolus complex; se - sclerotised part of embolus proper; st - subtegulum; t - tegulum; ta - tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761497/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
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); paracymbium without retrolateral-proximal heel, rectangular in ventral view (
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<figureCitation box="[1152,1217,808,831]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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A-B cf.
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<figureCitation box="[1315,1382,808,831]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,186,1824,1845]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,649,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-152@10.[151,1436,644,1782]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Liphistius lahu, palp of male holotype (B-I) and of male paratype (A, J). (A-B) Contrategulum of right palp, distal view (dorsal side up). (C) Left palpal organ, distal and slightly retrodorsal view (dorsal side up). (D) Distal part of left palpal organ, retroventral and slightly distal view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of left palp, vental and slightly proximal view. (F) Distal part of left tibia, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. (G) Palpal organ and distal margin of tibia of left palp, prolateral and slightly proximal view. (H) Proximal part of tarsus of right palp, ventral view. (I-J) Same of left palp. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-G; H-J). Abbreviations: c - cumulus; cp - proventral contrategular process; da - dorsal apex of distal contrategular edge; de - prolateral part of distal edge of contrategulum; me - membranous part of embolus proper; pc - paracymbium; pl - proximal ledge on retrodorsal side of contrategulum; pp - para-embolic plate; pt - palpal tarsus; re - retroventral edge of embolus complex; se - sclerotised part of embolus proper; st - subtegulum; t - tegulum; ta - tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761497/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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H-J). Females distinguished from those of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schwendinger" authorityYear="1998" box="[1236,1313,840,863]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lahu">
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<emphasis box="[1236,1313,840,863]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">L. lahu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by lacking dark rings (annulations) on legs and palps and by vulval plates having a relatively longer posterior stalk, a larger CDO, a relatively shorter receptacular cluster, and anterior lobes closer to each other (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1207,1270,966,989]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[151,186,1966,1987]" captionTargetBox="[160,1422,958,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-390@17.[151,1428,949,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 9. Liphistius tung sp. nov., vulval plates of four females; dorsal view (A, C, E, G) and ventral view (B, D, F, H). (A-B) Allotype (taken from specimen). (C-D) Large paratype (taken from specimen). (E-F) Medium-sized paratype (from exuvia 18.IV.2013). (G-H) Small paratype (from exuvia 28.III.2012). Arrow indicating pronounced step between anterior lobes and lateral margin of poreplate. Scale lines 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761513/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1311,1375,966,989]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[150,185,1911,1932]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,769,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-264@11.[151,1436,765,1865]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Liphistius lahu, vulval plates of five females; dorsal view (A, D, G), ventral view (B, E-F, H-I) and anteroventral view (C). (A-C) Paratype MHNG-ARTO-0024744 (taken from specimen). (D-E) Paratype MHNG-ARTO-0024741 (from exuvia). (F) Paratype MHNG-ARTO-0024745 (from specimen). (G-H) Paratype MHNG-ARTO-0024742 (from exuvia). (I) Female from Doi Pa Luang (from specimen). Scale lines 1.0 mm.Arrows indicating indistinct step between anterior lobes and lateral margin of poreplate.Abbreviations: al - anterior lobe of poreplate; CDO - central dorsal opening of poreplate; ga - genital atrium; lf - lateral fold of vulval plate; ps - posterior stalk; rc - receptacular cluster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761501/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="15" pageNumber="389" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[831,1437,1013,2077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,1187,1013,1036]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Description of male (holotype):</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[1195,1386,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Colour in alcohol</emphasis>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation box="[831,918,1044,1067]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,186,1932,1953]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,783,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-159@8.[151,1436,777,1910]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. Habitus of some species of the Liphistius birmanicus-group. (A) Liphistius tung sp. nov., male holotype.(B) Liphistius pyinoolwin, male (matured 1.X.2014) from the Anisakan Falls; note exuviae of ectoparasitic mites (Ljunghia sp.) on the opisthosoma. (C) Liphistius platnicki sp. nov., female paratype (moulted 10.III.2021) from near Loi Kan Village. (D, F) Liphistius cupreus sp. nov., male paratype from near Kong Nyaung Village. (E) Same species, different male paratype. (G) Same species, female paratype (moulted 13.II.2021). (H-I) Same species, different female paratype (moulted 21.V.2021). Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761491/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
): Mostly uniformly brown; ventral side of body slightly lighter than dorsal side; palpal coxae creamcoloured; proximal part of chelicerae and membranous cuticle of opisthosoma equally cream-coloured; opisthosomal tergites III-VI with indistinct light marks in centre of each lateral half; legs and palps without annulations; palpal tarsus and sclerites of palpal organ dark brown; eye mound very dark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[831,1437,1013,2077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,1025,1297,1320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Setae on carapace</emphasis>
|
||
: In posterior half distinctly more short, blunt-tipped setae than in anterior half; 4+5 setae in two parallel rows anterior to fovea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[831,1437,1013,2077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,1011,1391,1414]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Cheliceral teeth</emphasis>
|
||
: 11 and 12 small teeth of different sizes on promargin of left and right cheliceral groove, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[831,1437,1013,2077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,917,1486,1509]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Scopula</emphasis>
|
||
: Distally divided by a short glabrous longitudinal stripe and proximally with a median row of stiff bristles on all tarsi; quite thin and not clearly outlined in distal 2/3 of ventral side of leg tarsus I; equally developed and covering distal 3/4 of tarsus II; dense and clearly outlined, covering 4/5 of tarsi III-IV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[831,1437,1013,2077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,965,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Tarsal claws</emphasis>
|
||
: Paired claws with 4-5 teeth on tarsi I-II, 4-6 teeth on tarsus III, 5 teeth on tarsus IV; unpaired claw of tarsi I-II with 3-4 denticles, of tarsus III with 3 denticles, of tarsus IV with 1 denticle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[831,1437,1013,2077]" lastBlockId="17.[831,1437,258,873]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,881,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Palp</emphasis>
|
||
: Tibial apophysis basally quite narrow in ventral view, distinctly set back from distal margin of tibia (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[839,921,1864,1887]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
), carrying 4 long and tapering apical megaspines, the ventral two weaker and longer than the two dorsal ones (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[904,997,1927,1950]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal margin of tarsus widely but shallowly invaginated (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1083,1160,1959,1982]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Fig. 8J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paracymbium relatively short and moderately deep, quadrangular, longer than wide in ventral view, its distal side domed (not conical), without a retrolateral-proximal heel (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1225,1286,2054,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="389">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A-B); slightly elevated cumulus carrying a densely packed group of 5 long strong bristles (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[400,464,290,313]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A-B). Subtegulum without apophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[277,404,323,346]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">Fig. 8A, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegulum wide, with long and slightly bent, moderately serrate proximal edge strongly protruding from surface of palpal organ (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[624,751,387,410]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">Fig. 8A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
, I-J); distal margin not elevated (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[505,593,420,443]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegulum and contrategulum connected by a well-developed pigmented bridge on retrodorsal side of palpal organ (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[652,744,485,508]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Contrategulum with short, blunt conical proventral process (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[254,347,551,574]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
); no wrinkles on dorsal surface, a distinctly developed proximal ledge on retrodorsal side (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[159,319,617,640]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">Fig. 8C, G, J</figureCitation>
|
||
); distal edge of contrategulum widely arched and carrying pronounced ridges, its dorsal apex narrowly rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[370,459,683,706]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
), appearing pointed when slightly inclined prodorsad (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[483,575,716,739]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
, showing male paratype). Para-embolic plate long, tounge-shaped, inclinded prodorsad, with rounded distal margin, its prodorsal margin weakly dentate (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[504,605,814,837]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">Fig. 8A, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Retroventral edge of embolus complex distinctly elevated into a short, widely arched keel (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1048,1123,258,281]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">Fig. 8I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sclerotised part of embolus proper strengthened by 4 longitudinal ribs reaching apex and carrying denticles distally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1239,1422,328,351]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">Fig. 8A, C, G, I</figureCitation>
|
||
); membranous part of embolus proper distinctly shorter than sclerotised part, both narrowly divided; at base of membranous embolus part a short and weakly pigmented area with numerous longitudinal wrinkles, its distal margin horizontal and fairly straight (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1248,1327,502,525]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">Fig. 8J</figureCitation>
|
||
); embolic folds short and indistinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="390" startId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" targetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,1775,1912]" pageId="16" pageNumber="390">
|
||
Fig. 8.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[226,370,1775,1796]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tung" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[226,370,1775,1796]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="390">Liphistius tung</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[376,453,1775,1796]" pageId="16" pageNumber="390" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[831,1437,258,873]" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,986,571,594]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
: Total length 16.35; CL 6.30, CW 5.70; opisthosoma 7.18 long, 5.26 wide; eye mound 0.90 long, 1.21 wide; palpal coxa 2.23 long, 1.36 wide; labium 0.64 long, 1.32 wide; sternum 2.87 long, 2.15 wide (1.16 on ventral surface); palp 11.72 long (3.43 + 2.07 + 3.99 + 2.23); leg I 19.06 long (5.42 + 2.63 + 4.23 + 4.47 + 2.31); leg II 20.41 long (5.54 + 2.71 + 4.43 + 5.18 + 2.55); leg III 23.64 long (6.06 + 2.71 + 4.78 + 6.86 + 3.23); leg IV 29.31 long (6.90 + 2.79 + 5.90 + 9.33 + 4.39).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761513" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7761513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761513/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="391" startId="17.[151,186,1966,1987]" targetBox="[160,1422,958,1921]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,1966,2074]" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">
|
||
Fig. 9.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[226,370,1966,1987]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tung" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[226,370,1966,1987]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="391">Liphistius tung</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[376,453,1966,1987]" pageId="17" pageNumber="391" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, vulval plates of four females; dorsal view (A, C, E, G) and ventral view (B, D, F, H). (A-B) Allotype (taken from specimen). (C-D) Large paratype (taken from specimen). (E-F) Medium-sized paratype (from exuvia 18.IV.2013). (G-H) Small paratype (from exuvia 28.III.2012). Arrow indicating pronounced step between anterior lobes and lateral margin of poreplate. Scale lines 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,756,258,1608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,540,258,281]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Description of female (allotype):</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[552,756,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Colour in alcohol</emphasis>
|
||
(darker in life): Mostly dark brown. Eye mound and anterior margin of carapace black. Chelicerae dark brown distally, light brown proximally. Carapace with dark pattern including torch-shaped marking between eye mound and fovea. No dark annulations on legs and palps. Membranous cuticle of opisthosoma light greyish brown; tergites dark greyish brown. Ventral sclerites lighter than dorsal ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,756,258,1608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,353,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Setae on carapace</emphasis>
|
||
: Several (more than in males) short, blunt setae on posterior and lateral margins and on coxal elevations of carapace; 10+14 setae in two parallel rows anterior to fovea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,756,258,1608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,326,679,702]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Cheliceral teeth</emphasis>
|
||
: 13 strong teeth on promargin of right cheliceral groove, 15 on left groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,756,258,1608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,218,744,767]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Claws</emphasis>
|
||
: Palpal claws with 2 and 4 worn denticles. Paired tarsal claws of leg I with 3 teeth, of legs II-IV with 3-4 teeth; unpaired claws of legs I-II with 3 denticles, of leg III with 2-4 denticles, of leg IV with 1-2 denticles. All tarsi without scopula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,756,258,1608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Olafsen" authorityYear="1772" box="[151,211,905,928]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Vulva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="392" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,211,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Vulva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[225,288,905,928]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[151,186,1966,1987]" captionTargetBox="[160,1422,958,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-390@17.[151,1428,949,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 9. Liphistius tung sp. nov., vulval plates of four females; dorsal view (A, C, E, G) and ventral view (B, D, F, H). (A-B) Allotype (taken from specimen). (C-D) Large paratype (taken from specimen). (E-F) Medium-sized paratype (from exuvia 18.IV.2013). (G-H) Small paratype (from exuvia 28.III.2012). Arrow indicating pronounced step between anterior lobes and lateral margin of poreplate. Scale lines 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761513/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A-B): Uterus externus with a distinct pair of lateral pockets on dorsal side (as illustrated for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[672,756,938,961]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferox" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[672,756,938,961]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">L. ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[151,235,970,993]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[244,319,970,993]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[153,188,1845,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[151,1439,257,2021]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 11. Liphistius ferox, vulvae of seven females; dorsal view (A, C, E, G, I, K, N, P), ventral view (B, D, F, H, J, L-M, O). (A-B) Thandaung Gyi, moulted 21.VII.2015; with uterus externus attached (in B hidden on other side). (C-D) Thandaung Gyi, moulted 8.1.2015. (E-F) Thandaung Gyi, moulted 15.VII.2015; with uterus externus attached (in F only pocket of one side visible). (G-H) Thandaung Gyi, moulted 16.VII.2015; vulval plate. (I-J) Same female; isolated uterus externus. (K-L) Naw Bubaw, moulted 26.II.2015. (M) Allotype; Thandaung Lay, moulted 10.VII.2015, vulval plate. (N) Same female; isolated uterus externus. (O) Thandaung Gyi, moulted 20.IX.2014; vulval plate. (P) Same female; isolated uterus externus. Arrows indicating paired lateral pockets of still attached membranous uterus externus. Scale lines 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761521/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Figs 11</figureCitation>
|
||
I-J, N, P, 12D, F). Vulval plate wider than long; its lateral folds well developed, carrying several hairs. Anterior margin of poreplate with a pair of strongly arched lobes, these close to each other and separated by a narrow and deep invagination; posterior margins of poreplate distinctly bulged; CDO slightly larger than in females of other species in same group, situated in centre of poreplate; receptacular cluster racemose, relatively small, slightly longer than wide, not reaching anterior margin of poreplate. Posterior stalk large, widely oval, narrower than poreplate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,756,258,1608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,306,1326,1349]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
: Total length 19.48; CL 7.85, CW 7.06; opisthosoma 8.65 long, 7.16 wide; eye mound 1.15 long, 1.31 wide; palpal coxa 2.73 long, 1.59 wide; labium 0.89 long, 1.99 wide; sternum 3.93 long, 2.04 wide (1.79 on ventral surface); palp 13.96 long (4.57 + 2.58 + 3.28 + 3.53); leg I 16.75 long (5.17 + 2.98 + 3.43 + 3.38 + 1.79); leg II 17.35 long (5.17 + 3.08 + 3.53 + 3.58 + 1.99); leg III 18.94 long (5.37 + 3.13 + 3.73 + 4.37 + 2.34); leg IV 26.05 long (7.06 + 3.38 + 5.22 + 7.06 + 3.33).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,757,1633,2077]" lastBlockId="18.[831,1437,258,670]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,269,1633,1656]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||
For carapace measurements and prefoveal setae counts see
|
||
<tableCitation box="[341,425,1665,1688]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="46.[151,204,1454,1475]" captionTargetId="graphics-627@46.[151,1436,1545,2074]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Table 1. Carapace measurements (in mm; including data from the literature) and prefoveal setae counts of Liphistius birmanicus group species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF376CEF72680347B2AEFA425282FA71" pageId="18" pageNumber="392" tableUuid="DF376CEF72680347B2AEFA425282FA71">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. In one female the left AME is missing, in another one it is indistinctly developed. In both males examined extent and density of the scopulae are the same. Variation in details of the male palp is illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[391,461,1795,1818]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
. The holotype has one of the proventral-distal bristles on the left palpal tarsus distinctly stronger than the other bristles (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[621,711,1859,1882]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast to the holotype, the male paratype has a smooth prodorsal margin of the para-embolic plate (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[660,752,1924,1947]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
|
||
; dentate in the holotype,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[437,557,1956,1979]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Fig. 8A, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The number of longitudinal ribs reaching the apex of the sclerotised embolus part ranges from four to five. The pigmented area at the base of the membranous part of the embolus has a horizontal and fairly straight distal margin in the holotype, whereas in the male paratype it is widely and asymmetrically angular. Small females have distinctly annulated legs and palps, whereas in large females the annulations are indistinct to absent, obviously having faded as the spiders became older and larger. Variation in the shape of the vulval plates is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1361,1432,453,476]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[151,186,1966,1987]" captionTargetBox="[160,1422,958,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-390@17.[151,1428,949,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 9. Liphistius tung sp. nov., vulval plates of four females; dorsal view (A, C, E, G) and ventral view (B, D, F, H). (A-B) Allotype (taken from specimen). (C-D) Large paratype (taken from specimen). (E-F) Medium-sized paratype (from exuvia 18.IV.2013). (G-H) Small paratype (from exuvia 28.III.2012). Arrow indicating pronounced step between anterior lobes and lateral margin of poreplate. Scale lines 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761513/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
. The vulval plates of small (immature?) females have less pronounced anterior lobes, less bulging posterior poreplate margins, a relatively larger CDO, a relatively larger receptacular cluster with a partly unsclerotised base, and an anteriorly narrower posterior stalk than large females (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[989,1050,647,670]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[151,186,1966,1987]" captionTargetBox="[160,1422,958,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-390@17.[151,1428,949,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 9. Liphistius tung sp. nov., vulval plates of four females; dorsal view (A, C, E, G) and ventral view (B, D, F, H). (A-B) Allotype (taken from specimen). (C-D) Large paratype (taken from specimen). (E-F) Medium-sized paratype (from exuvia 18.IV.2013). (G-H) Small paratype (from exuvia 28.III.2012). Arrow indicating pronounced step between anterior lobes and lateral margin of poreplate. Scale lines 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761513/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
E-H cf.
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1137,1199,647,670]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[151,186,1966,1987]" captionTargetBox="[160,1422,958,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-390@17.[151,1428,949,1929]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 9. Liphistius tung sp. nov., vulval plates of four females; dorsal view (A, C, E, G) and ventral view (B, D, F, H). (A-B) Allotype (taken from specimen). (C-D) Large paratype (taken from specimen). (E-F) Medium-sized paratype (from exuvia 18.IV.2013). (G-H) Small paratype (from exuvia 28.III.2012). Arrow indicating pronounced step between anterior lobes and lateral margin of poreplate. Scale lines 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761513/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A-D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[831,1437,695,913]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,998,695,718]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Relationships:</emphasis>
|
||
Among males of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" box="[1305,1428,695,718]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1305,1428,695,718]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">birmanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- group a large para-embolic plate (common in species of the
|
||
<emphasis box="[910,968,760,783]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">trang</emphasis>
|
||
-group) is only found in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1256,1337,760,783]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tung" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1256,1337,760,783]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">L. tung</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1349,1437,760,783]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[880,965,792,815]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferox" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[880,965,792,815]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">L. ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[974,1060,792,815]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1077,1141,792,815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1775,1796]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,261,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-111@16.[151,1436,257,1722]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Liphistius tung sp. nov., left palps of male holotype (A-C, G, I-J) and of male paratype (D-F, H). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of tibia and proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. (C-D) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (E) Distal edge of contrategulum, distal and slightly prodorsal view. (F) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (G) Same, retroventral view. (H-I) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral and slightly proximal view. (J) Distal part of tarsus and palpal organ, prolateral view. Arrows indicating bent and salient proximal edge of tegulum. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761509/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
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H-I and
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1238,1316,792,815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[151,186,1745,1766]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,263,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-155@19.[151,1436,257,1698]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 10. Liphistius ferox sp. nov., left palps of four males; holotype (A-B, E-K), male from Naw Bubaw, matured IV.2019 (C, M), male from Thandaung Gyi, matured 7.X.2014 (D), male from Thandaung Gyi, matured 18.IX.2016 (L). (A) Tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Distal part of palpal organ, ventral view; bent and adpressed proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (C-D) Embolus complex, ventral view. (F) Embolus proper, prodorsal view. (G) Palpal organ, retroventral view. (H) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (I) Dorsal part of contrategulum, distal and slightly prolateral view. (J) Distal part of tarsus, ventral view. (K-M) Same, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A; B, F-G; C-E; H-I; J; K-M). Abbreviations: tp - triangular distal protrusion of longitudinal rib on sclerotised part of embolus proper; so - angular retrolateral side of sperm duct opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761515/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
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A-D). This appears to be a synapomorphy, but considering the wide geographical separation of both species (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1281,1346,857,880]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,186,1431,1452]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,257,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-270@7.[151,1436,257,1395]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 1. Localities of species in the Liphistius birmanicus-group in northern Thailand, eastern Myanmar and southern China. Blue lines indicate major rivers, black lines national borders, grey lines major roads." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761489/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
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) it may actually be a homoplasy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="392" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[831,1436,937,1025]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,980,937,960]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is only known from its type locality in the south-eastern part of the Shan State (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[839,902,1002,1025]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,186,1431,1452]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,257,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-270@7.[151,1436,257,1395]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 1. Localities of species in the Liphistius birmanicus-group in northern Thailand, eastern Myanmar and southern China. Blue lines indicate major rivers, black lines national borders, grey lines major roads." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761489/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="392" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[831,1437,1050,1560]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,927,1050,1073]" pageId="18" pageNumber="392">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
The spiders examined were collected from the banks of a small stream running through fallow fields on a steep mountain side. All burrows were simple and unbranched, with a single trapdoor up to 2.0 cm long and 3.3 cm wide, and with up to eight signal lines, the longest measuring 8 cm. In captivity the two males became adult in burrows with 2.4-2.9 cm long and 1.8- 2.0 wide trapdoors. Three egg cases, 2.2-3.0 cm long, 2.3-3.3 cm wide, 1.7-2.3 cm high, were found at the type locality in early January. They contained 56, 97 and 110 light yellow eggs suspended in a fine mesh of silken threads. The males matured in early January, after two and three years in captivity. Since at that period of the year egg cases were found in the wild, the mating dates of the males in captivity were obviously later than in nature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |