252 lines
27 KiB
XML
252 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="CD41BCA16C1ED53757F81006B9EF6CA6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d2db5db0-c5ca-4150-8d74-d39f2d96a78f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249140" ID-ZooBank="C1F59CA8-0F0E-471B-9B2D-26980A002511" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460692944579" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trager, James C." docDate="2013" docId="03DBDC46FFADFF8C4BBEFF56FE63698E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03722p548.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3722 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polyergus samurai" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="522" masterDocId="FFE2A43EFFB8FF9A4B29FFC1FFE46976" masterDocTitle="Global revision of the dulotic ant genus Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae, Formicini)" masterLastPageNumber="548" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="522" updateTime="1698351922635" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3837DC41C756EBAD08340D107B99F58C">Global revision of the dulotic ant genus Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae, Formicini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FB4F79363193A1350C0D8AF17A970187">Trager, James C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B1AA043AEB428DC874740629B46D3709">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="475348DBF1CEF54CD9146194D9225533">
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<mods:date id="E693B9922797628B9D5E617E2CECBB74">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A4D9653408CBA53D7A2472E4D1C17EA4">3722</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1AD98F4A9E50BBC0F533AB4FBDCC5198">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8C3C3546CB4BD3E94E6B52115D9306D7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DBDC46FFADFF8C4BBEFF56FE63698E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6150061" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119580892" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6150061" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DBDC46FFADFF8C4BBEFF56FE63698E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDC46FFADFF8C4BBEFF56FE63698E" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
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<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFADFF8F4BBEFF56FCE46841" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFADFF8F4BBEFF56FE9E69C7" blockId="21.[151,378,151,211]" box="[151,378,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
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<heading id="D085DA3CFFADFF8F4BBEFF56FE9E69C7" bold="true" box="[151,378,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4BBEFF56FE9E69C7" ID-CoL="4L73C" box="[151,378,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samurai">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4BBEFF56FE9E69C7" bold="true" box="[151,378,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Polyergus samurai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFADFF8F4BBEFF7BFE8669A5" blockId="21.[151,378,151,211]" box="[151,354,186,211]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
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<figureCitation id="134971D5FFADFF8F4BBEFF7BFE8669A5" box="[151,354,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1457,1480]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1436]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,193,1437]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Lateral, full face, and dorsal views of Polyergus samurai worker CASENT 0281083. Photographs by Shannon Hartman from www. AntWeb. org." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249149/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Figures 21, 22, 23</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFADFF8F4BBEFEC2FCE46841" blockId="21.[151,1436,258,434]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4BBEFEC2FD64686E" authority="Yano 1911: 110" authorityName="Yano" authorityPageNumber="110" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,640,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufescens" subSpecies="samurai">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4BBEFEC2FE23686E" box="[151,455,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Polyergus rufescens samurai</emphasis>
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Yano 1911: 110
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFADFF8F49B9FEC3FD07686E" box="[656,739,258,280]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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worker, gyne:
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<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFADFF8F48A5FEC2FC3F686E" box="[908,987,259,280]" name="Japan" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
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, Tokyo. [MCZ, red
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFADFF8F4F95FEC2FAEF686E" box="[1212,1291,259,280]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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label 21739] (examined, but not measured due to dermestid damage).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFADFF8F4BBEFE81FE516AD4" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFADFF8F4BBEFE81FD076802" blockId="21.[151,1436,258,434]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4BBEFE81FDC06820" authority="Emery, 1925: 269" authorityName="Emery" authorityPageNumber="269" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,548,320,342]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samurai">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4BBEFE81FEBC6820" box="[151,344,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Polyergus samurai</emphasis>
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: Emery, 1925: 269
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</taxonomicName>
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; Wheeler, 1927: 3; Imai, 1966: 125 (karyotype); Terayama et al. 1993: 511 (ergatoid queen); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 209 (in eastern Siberia).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFADFF8F4BBEFEBCFCA468C4" blockId="21.[151,1436,258,434]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4BBEFEBCFD9468E5" authority="Wheeler 1927: 4" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,624,381,403]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="samurai" subSpecies="mandarin">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4BBEFEBCFE5B68E4" box="[151,447,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Polyergus samurai mandarin</emphasis>
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Wheeler 1927: 4
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFADFF8F4953FEBCFD2968E5" box="[634,717,381,403]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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workers:
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<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFADFF8F481BFEBCFC6168E5" box="[818,901,381,403]" name="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">CHINA</collectingCountry>
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, Tsinghua nr. Peking (= Pinyin: Qinghua nr. Beijing) [MCZ, red
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFADFF8F4A10FE5CFE6C68C4" box="[313,392,413,434]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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label 21740] (examined).
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F49BDFE5DFCDE68C4" bold="true" box="[660,826,411,434]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">New Synonymy</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFADFF8F4BBEFE1BFBDA6B4C" blockId="21.[151,1437,473,2010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Measurements (N=24) HL 1.40–1.76 (1.56), HW 1.29–1.64 (1.47), SL 1.12–1.32 (1.22), ½ VeM 2–5 (2.92), ½ PnM 3–8 (5.67), WL 2.12–2.62 (2.41), GL 1.84–2.40 (2.15), HFL 1.68–2.04 (1.85), CI 92–97 (94), SI 76–93 (83), HFI 121–140 (126), FSI 143–159 (1.53), LI 3.52–4.38 (3.97), TL 5.40–6.72 (6.13).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFADFF8F4BEEFD84FD766A40" blockId="21.[151,1437,473,2010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4BEEFD84FE5E6B28" bold="true" box="[199,442,581,606]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Worker description.</emphasis>
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Head narrowly hexagonal (truncate-ovate), length greater than breadth; with moderate vertex pilosity; scapes about reaching vertex corners, gradually thickening apically in distal half; pronotum with 5– 16 erect macrosetae; mesonotum with profile flat for most of its length, with short posterior declivity; propodeal profile subquadrate, with concave posterior declivity; petiole more or less straight-sided above spiracles or convergent dorsad, petiolar dorsum flat or convex, shallowly or not at all emarginate; first tergite densely pubescent; tergite pilosity relatively scant compared to other
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F487AFD38FC276A64" box="[851,963,761,786]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F487AFD38FC276A64" box="[851,963,761,786]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Polyergus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, concentrated in anterior-lateral portions, weakly flexuous, relatively widely separated.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFADFF8F4BEEFC80FB9A6A2C" blockId="21.[151,1437,473,2010]" box="[199,1150,833,858]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Head matte; mesonotum matte; gaster matte, sometimes weakly shining on the sides.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFADFF8F4BEEFCA4FE516AD4" blockId="21.[151,1437,473,2010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Color uniform dusky reddish brown or with a slightly darker gaster; with dusky yellow-brown appendages; pilosity yellowish brown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFADFF8F4BEEFC6CFA616C5B" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFADFF8F4BEEFC6CFC516D20" blockId="21.[151,1437,473,2010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4BEEFC6CFEA86AB0" bold="true" box="[199,332,941,966]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Discussion.</emphasis>
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There was only minor variation among individuals detected among the specimens studied. Wheeler (1927) noted that the Chinese population he described as the subspecies
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4F13FC10FB436A9C" box="[1082,1191,977,1002]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">mandarin</emphasis>
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was possibly blacker than the Japanese population. However, a small sample of workers from Beijing I obtained during this study had coloring indistinguishable from Japanese samples, and photographs sent to me of worker and male specimens from Hebei look typical, including the starkly white appendages of the male.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFADFF8F4BEEFBA0FA616C5B" blockId="21.[151,1437,473,2010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4BEEFBA0FE7E6D0F" box="[199,410,1121,1146]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samurai">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4BEEFBA0FE7E6D0F" box="[199,410,1121,1146]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Polyergus samurai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is probably not sympatric with any other species. It is easily distinguished from most other
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4BBEFB44FEEC6DE8" box="[151,264,1157,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4BBEFB44FEEC6DE8" box="[151,264,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Polyergus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species by its dark brown color, appearing nearly black in the field. It is closest to
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4F8EFB47FACD6DEB" box="[1191,1321,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4F8EFB47FAC16DEB" box="[1191,1317,1158,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrimus">nigerrimus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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a smaller, darker, shinier species that lives in arid regions to the west of the range of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F48C0FB6BFBA16DB7" box="[1001,1093,1194,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samurai">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F48C0FB6BFBA16DB7" box="[1001,1093,1194,1217]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">samurai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4F7DFB68FACC6DB7" box="[1108,1320,1193,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samurai">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4F7DFB68FACC6DB7" box="[1108,1320,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Polyergus samurai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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males are notable for their striking white wings (even the veins are very pale yellow), and whitish appendages, including the mouthparts. Gynes also have white wings, with pale brown veins, and partially light brown appendages. This is in contrast to the dark brown appendages, brownish veins and infuscation of the wings of both sexes of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4E2AFAD7FA9A6C5B" box="[1283,1406,1302,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrimus">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4E2AFAD7FA9A6C5B" box="[1283,1406,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">nigerrimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFADFF8F4BEEFAF8FE5C6E3F" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFADFF8F4BEEFAF8FC8F6C00" blockId="21.[151,1437,473,2010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4BEEFAF8FEAA6C24" bold="true" box="[199,334,1337,1362]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Etymology.</emphasis>
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This ant was named for the traditional Japanese warrior class, the “
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4F5DFAF8FB3C6C24" box="[1140,1240,1337,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samurai">Samurai</taxonomicName>
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,” presumably by analogy to calling these ants “Amazons” in European languages.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFADFF8F4BEEFA40FE5C6E3F" blockId="21.[151,1437,473,2010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4BEEFA40FE626CEC" bold="true" box="[199,390,1409,1434]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Natural history.</emphasis>
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This species occurs in humid temperate Asia:
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<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFADFF8F48B4FA43FC046CEF" box="[925,992,1410,1433]" name="Japan" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFADFF8F48C4FA43FBD06CEF" box="[1005,1076,1410,1433]" name="South Korea" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Korea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFADFF8F4F69FA40FB676CEC" box="[1088,1155,1409,1434]" name="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">China</collectingCountry>
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and southeastern
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<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFADFF8F4E78FA40FA786CEC" box="[1361,1436,1409,1434]" name="Russia" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Russia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4B89FA67FF306CCB" box="[160,212,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">teste</emphasis>
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Kupyanskaya 1990). The hosts of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4949FA67FD586CCB" box="[608,700,1446,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samurai">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4949FA67FD586CCB" box="[608,700,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">samurai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFADFF8F49C8FA67FCC56CCB" box="[737,801,1446,1469]" name="Japan" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Japan</collectingCountry>
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are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F487AFA67FC356CCB" box="[851,977,1446,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F487AFA67FC356CCB" box="[851,977,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">F. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and rarely,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4F7EFA67FB2F6CC8" box="[1111,1227,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hayashi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4F7EFA67FB2F6CC8" box="[1111,1227,1445,1470]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">F. hayashi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and even
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4E69FA67FA786CC8" box="[1344,1436,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fukaii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4E69FA67FA786CC8" box="[1344,1436,1445,1470]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">F. fukaii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4BC4FA0BFEBA6C97" box="[237,350,1482,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exsecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4BC4FA0BFEBA6C97" box="[237,350,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">F. exsecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group), while the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFADFF8F491FFA0BFD956C94" box="[566,625,1482,1506]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of “subspecies
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4803FA08FC736C94" box="[810,919,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">mandarin</emphasis>
|
||
” were collected with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4FEAFA0BFAB56C94" box="[1219,1361,1481,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufibarbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4FEAFA0BFAB56C94" box="[1219,1361,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">F. rufibarbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4BD8FA2FFE7C6F70" box="[241,408,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabridorsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4BD8FA2FFE7C6F70" box="[241,408,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">F. glabridorsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4A80FA2CFD9B6F73" box="[425,639,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samurai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4A80FA2CFD9B6F73" box="[425,639,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Polyergus samurai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is relatively well studied by several Japanese myrmecologists, but is only poorly known in its mainland Asian range. Terayama, et al. (1993) described four ergatoids found in two colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4A0BF9F7FE9A6F3B" box="[290,382,1590,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samurai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4A0BF9F7FE9A6F3B" box="[290,382,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">samurai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reporting they had “a well developed spermatheca”, and surmised that they can produce female offspring (though they did not confirm insemination). Hasegawa and Yamaguchi (1994, 1995) reported for this species (and typically for the genus) that raids mostly occurred on warm, sunny days, and mating flights only occurred on sunny days. According to these authors, time of initiation of raids and walking speed of raiders are related to simple environmental variables, especially temperature. Tsuneoka (2008) reported that colonies had a single gyne, housed colony populations of the host
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F49FEF92BFCB16E77" box="[727,853,1770,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F49FEF92BFCB16E77" box="[727,853,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">F. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
much larger than normal host colonies, and that the larger colony size in the parasite colony resulted in typical nest structure, but larger nest dimensions than those of unparasitized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFADFF8F4A1AF8F3FE546E3F" box="[307,432,1842,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4A1AF8F3FE546E3F" box="[307,432,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">F. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFADFF8C4BEEF894FE63698E" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="523" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFADFF8C4BEEF894FE63698E" blockId="21.[151,1437,473,2010]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="523" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFADFF8F4BEEF894FD826E18" bold="true" box="[199,614,1877,1902]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">Distribution of studied specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFADFF8F4946F897FD2C6E18" box="[623,712,1878,1902]" name="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
Beijing
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFADFF8F4807F897FC4A6E18" box="[814,942,1878,1902]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" value="1987-07-03">3-VII-1987</date>
|
||
Changlu Wang (JCTC);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFADFF8F4FF8F897FACE6E18" box="[1233,1322,1878,1902]" name="Japan" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
: HYOGO Pref. Nakano, Yamaguchi-mura, Arima-gun,
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFADFF8F498DF8BBFCDB6EE4" box="[676,831,1914,1938]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" value="1948-08-14">14-VIII-1948</date>
|
||
. M. Azuma (JCTC);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFADFF8F4F62F8BBFB7B6EE4" box="[1099,1183,1914,1938]" name="Japan" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
KANAGAWA Pref. Odawara
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFADFF8F4A3BF85CFE606EC0" box="[274,388,1949,1974]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" value="1977-07">July 1977</date>
|
||
M. Kubota #201 (JCTC);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFADFF8F49EBF85FFCF26EC0" box="[706,790,1950,1974]" name="Japan" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
KANAGAWA Pref. Odawara
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFADFF8F4FA2F85FFAF06EC0" box="[1163,1300,1949,1974]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" value="1968-08-08">8 Aug.1968</date>
|
||
M. Kubota (JCTC);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFADFF8F4A2AF803FEB36EAC" box="[259,343,1986,2010]" name="Japan" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
KANAGAWA Pref. Kawasaki
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFADFF8F49EEF803FCAF6EAC" box="[711,843,1986,2010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="522" value="1978-06-17">17-VI-1978</date>
|
||
S. Kubota (JCTC);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFADFF8F4F10F803FB696EAC" box="[1081,1165,1986,2010]" name="Japan" pageId="21" pageNumber="522">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
TOKYO Pref. Koganei City
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFAEFF8C4BE6FF59FE8269C6" box="[207,358,152,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" value="1977-08-18">18-VIII-1977</date>
|
||
S. Kubota;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFAEFF8C4AC7FF59FDA769C6" box="[494,579,152,176]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
SAITAMA Osato
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFAEFF8C4830FF56FC4D69C6" box="[793,937,151,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" value="2006-07-26">26-VII-2006</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFAEFF8C489CFF56FBFD69C6" box="[949,1049,151,176]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" precision="925" value="36.1">36°06’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFAEFF8C4F0CFF59FB6869C6" box="[1061,1164,152,176]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" precision="925" value="139.21666">139°13'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
Toshiaki Nanbu leg. w/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFAEFF8C4BBEFF7DFEBE69A3" box="[151,346,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Formica japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(teste M. Yoshimura);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFAEFF8C4974FF7DFD5569A2" box="[605,689,188,212]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
Okitsu (Hondo)
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFAEFF8C4859FF7DFC2D69A3" box="[880,969,188,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" value="1925-08-25">8-25-25</date>
|
||
Silvestri. Reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFAEFF8C4FCEFF7DFAAE69A2" box="[1255,1354,188,212]" name="South Korea" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">KOREA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but no specimens examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |