269 lines
27 KiB
XML
269 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="8B552AF078B2721C0A919DAD34968EB0" ID-DOI="10.1649/0010-065X-77.4.501" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13243400" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722968367308" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mas, Hugo & Johnson, Andrew J." docDate="2023" docId="03C9EA6A5644FFBCFCD3F1FF000FF95C" docLanguage="en" docName="TheColeopBull.77.4.501-506.pdf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 77 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-77.4.501" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F824235CA89CB83023C7D5789122F870.3:TheColeopBull.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="F824235CA89CB83023C7D5789122F870" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Ips calligraphus" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="504" masterDocId="FFF092125647FFB8FFC7F2130273FFC8" masterDocTitle="First Reported Detection of Ips calligraphus (Germar) and Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in a Port of Entry and its Surrounding Forest in Spain" masterLastPageNumber="506" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="503" updateTime="1722971807281" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="120B2CA8210B5C6E203616AA3B38CA95">First Reported Detection of Ips calligraphus (Germar) and Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in a Port of Entry and its Surrounding Forest in Spain</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="43E641B72C01E3B462EBDC0ED02F4E7A">Mas, Hugo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F4746B883598C78EEC68CDCAA8CF74FB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="41BFF371C5F2A15AD104C27A8E56D563">Johnson, Andrew J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="21E412A585952248D4F20C2293C3CDE5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="F20F581BEBFE999F9BE1FAF47D0520AE">
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<mods:title id="775FBC8532B20B9F21ED3EA8C9A5C281">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="86B4E54802BBDD9F31BB23A39995FE21">
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<mods:date id="EF107849FB18DB708CE55C5DB2398FD1">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="72B4C623949AB297FFE20EA905BB7DA1">2023-12-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6B4C1064DCCAAC1FBDDA511C6EBA39FD">77</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="65A0DA665FA7D1A294E0A8F239266245">4</mods:number>
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<mods:location id="F8CBD3BD05A325E37897F862D9A343BD">
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<mods:url id="4740BF718159E696286E43D31F5B71C9">http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-77.4.501</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="38DF12776FB5F2F84FDE23FAD6060484">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="83FC49032016D6A0492ADB243E1F312E" type="DOI">10.1649/0010-065X-77.4.501</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EF7709545B3E89BF7F5CE54F31600644" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8A75899D474A235CCA76D5CF7ADBF65E" type="Zenodo-Dep">13243400</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03C9EA6A5644FFBCFCD3F1FF000FF95C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C9EA6A5644FFBCFCD3F1FF000FF95C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C9EA6A5644FFBCFCD3F1FF000FF95C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="504" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">
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<subSubSection id="C37A08F75644FFBBFCD3F1FF0199FBD5" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDF5B7C5644FFBBFCD3F1FF0199FBD5" blockId="3.[788,1111,1004,1053]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5644FFBBFCD3F1FF0624FBCA" ID-CoL="8HZZ9" authority="(Germar, 1824)" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[788,1111,1004,1026]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligraphus">
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||
<emphasis id="B914876E5644FFBBFCD3F1FF0624FBCA" bold="true" box="[788,1111,1004,1026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">
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||
<emphasis id="B914876E5644FFBBFCD3F1FF01C7FBC9" bold="true" box="[788,948,1004,1025]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">IPS CALLiGRAPHUS</emphasis>
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(Germar, 1824)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="135B47F95644FFBBFC4FF6140191FBD5" box="[904,994,1031,1053]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[176,215,1042,1061]" captionTargetBox="[161,634,201,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-568@4.[152,638,193,1025]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Ips calligraphus collected in Valencia, Spain (UFFE:36857). 1) Dorsal view; 2) Lateral view; 3) Ventral view; 4) Frontal view; 5) Oblique declivital view. Total length: 5.8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243402/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A08F75644FFBBFD1CF6220105FAD4" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDF5B7C5644FFBBFD1CF6220105FAD4" blockId="3.[705,1193,1073,1736]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">
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<emphasis id="B914876E5644FFBBFD1CF62201D4FB8F" bold="true" box="[731,935,1073,1095]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">Material Examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B0851215644FFBBFC6AF6210629FBB5" collectingDate="2019-08-02" collectionCode="UFFE" collectorName="Hugo Mas" country="Spain" location="Valencia" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Comunitat Valenciana">
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<collectingCountry id="F3771BEC5644FFBBFC6AF6210183FB8F" box="[941,1008,1074,1095]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">SPAIN</collectingCountry>
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||
•
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<specimenCount id="9D6690F55644FFBBFBC4F621065BFB8F" box="[1027,1064,1074,1095]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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||
;
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||
<collectingRegion id="49A4959E5644FFBBFBF6F62106F4FB80" box="[1073,1159,1074,1096]" country="Spain" name="Comunitat Valenciana" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">Valencia</collectingRegion>
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||
;
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||
<date id="FFDE7DBC5644FFBBFB57F6210158FBA9" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" value="2019-08-02">
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||
<collectingDate id="EF9A84545644FFBBFB57F6210158FBA9" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" value="2019-08-02">02 Aug. 2019</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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; 39.44490°, −0.32514°;
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<collectorName id="26953EAA5644FFBBFBD3F65E060BFBAA" box="[1044,1144,1101,1122]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">Hugo Mas</collectorName>
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leg.; “
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<date id="FFDE7DBC5644FFBBFD0CF6740148FBB4" box="[715,827,1127,1148]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" value="2019-08-02">
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<collectingDate id="EF9A84545644FFBBFD0CF6740148FBB4" box="[715,827,1127,1148]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" value="2019-08-02">02/08/2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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RAT10 PORTVLC2”;
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<collectionCode id="ED71C3B95644FFBBFBDBF6740629FBB5" box="[1052,1114,1127,1149]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">UFFE</collectionCode>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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:36857 •
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<materialsCitation id="3B0851215644FFBBFD04F6910178FB04" collectingDate="2019-08-02" collectionCode="LSFCV" collectorName="Hugo Mas" country="Spain" location="Valencia" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Comunitat Valenciana">
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<specimenCount id="9D6690F55644FFBBFD04F6910094FB5F" box="[707,743,1154,1175]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingRegion id="49A4959E5644FFBBFD37F6910137FB50" box="[752,836,1154,1176]" country="Spain" name="Comunitat Valenciana" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">Valencia</collectingRegion>
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; 39.45055°, −0.32436°;
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<date id="FFDE7DBC5644FFBBFBE2F69106D6FB5F" box="[1061,1189,1154,1175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" value="2019-08-02">
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||
<collectingDate id="EF9A84545644FFBBFBE2F69106D6FB5F" box="[1061,1189,1154,1175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" value="2019-08-02">02 Aug. 2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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;
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<collectorName id="26953EAA5644FFBBFD04F68E015BFB7A" box="[707,808,1181,1202]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">Hugo Mas</collectorName>
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leg.; “
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<date id="FFDE7DBC5644FFBBFCAFF68F01ABFB79" box="[872,984,1180,1201]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" value="2019-08-02">
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<collectingDate id="EF9A84545644FFBBFCAFF68F01ABFB79" box="[872,984,1180,1201]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" value="2019-08-02">02/08/2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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RAT9 PORTVLC1”;
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<collectionCode id="ED71C3B95644FFBBFD04F6A40178FB04" box="[707,779,1207,1228]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">LSFCV</collectionCode>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B0851215644FFBBFCD7F6A401C4FB04" box="[784,951,1207,1229]" country="Spain" location="Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" specimenCount="1">
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||
<location id="8EBF0DA75644FFBBFCD7F6A40106FB05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C9EA6A5644FFBCFCD3F1FF000FF95C:8EBF0DA75644FFBBFCD7F6A40106FB05" box="[784,885,1207,1229]" country="Spain" name="Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">Collection</location>
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: 00123
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
•
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<materialsCitation id="3B0851215644FFBBFC00F6A406DBFAC9" collectingDate="2019-08-01" collectionCode="LSFCV" collectorName="Hugo Mas" country="Spain" location="El Saler" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Comunitat Valenciana">
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<specimenCount id="9D6690F55644FFBBFC00F6A40198FB04" box="[967,1003,1207,1228]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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||
;
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||
<location id="8EBF0DA75644FFBBFC33F6A4064EFB05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C9EA6A5644FFBCFCD3F1FF000FF95C:8EBF0DA75644FFBBFC33F6A4064EFB05" box="[1012,1085,1207,1229]" country="Spain" name="El Saler" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" stateProvince="Comunitat Valenciana">El Saler</location>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="49A4959E5644FFBBFB8FF6A406EDFB05" box="[1096,1182,1207,1229]" country="Spain" name="Comunitat Valenciana" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">Valencia</collectingRegion>
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); 39.38801°, −0.33057°;
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<date id="FFDE7DBC5644FFBBFC6DF6C10647FB2F" box="[938,1076,1234,1255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" value="2019-08-01">
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<collectingDate id="EF9A84545644FFBBFC6DF6C10647FB2F" box="[938,1076,1234,1255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" value="2019-08-01">01 Aug. 2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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;
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<collectorName id="26953EAA5644FFBBFB87F6C106DBFB2F" box="[1088,1192,1234,1255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">Hugo Mas</collectorName>
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leg.; “
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<date id="FFDE7DBC5644FFBBFCC1F6FF0105FAC9" box="[774,886,1260,1281]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" value="2019-08-01">
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<collectingDate id="EF9A84545644FFBBFCC1F6FF0105FAC9" box="[774,886,1260,1281]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" value="2019-08-01">01/08/2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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RAT12 ENTVLC”;
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<collectionCode id="ED71C3B95644FFBBFB99F6FF06DBFAC9" box="[1118,1192,1260,1281]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">LSFCV</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B0851215644FFBBFD04F7140101FAD4" box="[707,882,1287,1309]" country="Spain" location="Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" specimenCount="1">
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<location id="8EBF0DA75644FFBBFD04F7140158FAD5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C9EA6A5644FFBCFCD3F1FF000FF95C:8EBF0DA75644FFBBFD04F7140158FAD5" box="[707,811,1287,1309]" country="Spain" name="Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">Collection</location>
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: 00124
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A08F75644FFBBFD1CF73201E5FA4F" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDF5B7C5644FFBBFD1CF73201E5FA4F" blockId="3.[705,1193,1073,1736]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">
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<emphasis id="B914876E5644FFBBFD1CF7320130FAFF" bold="true" box="[731,835,1313,1335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Six pairs of spines on edge of elytral declivity. Punctures visible on discal interstriae 2 and 3 as compared to
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<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5644FFBBFC4BF74B067FFAA4" box="[908,1036,1367,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexdentatus">
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<emphasis id="B914876E5644FFBBFC4BF74B067FFAA4" box="[908,1036,1367,1389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">I. sexdentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which has none (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1268D5644FFBBFD0FF76101F8FA4F" author="Douglas, H. B. & Cognato, V." box="[712,907,1394,1416]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" pagination="1 - 234" refId="ref4072" refString="Douglas, H. B., A. I. Cognato, V. Grebennikov, and K. Savard. 2019. Dichotomous and matrix-based keys to the Ips bark beetles of the world (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification 38: 1 - 234. doi. org / 10.3752 / cjai. 2019.38." type="journal article" year="2019">
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Douglas
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<emphasis id="B914876E5644FFBBFCD8F7610123FA4F" box="[799,848,1394,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">et al.</emphasis>
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2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A08F75644FFBCFD1CF79F000FF95C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="504" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDF5B7C5644FFBBFD1CF79F0127F994" blockId="3.[705,1193,1073,1736]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">
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<emphasis id="B914876E5644FFBBFD1CF79F014DFA69" bold="true" box="[731,830,1420,1441]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">Remarks.</emphasis>
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All specimens were retrieved from traps run during 2 July to
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<date id="FFDE7DBC5644FFBBFC71F7B4062BFA74" box="[950,1112,1447,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" value="2019-08-01" valueMax="2019-08-02" valueMin="2019-08-01">1–2 August 2019</date>
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, at three different localities, up to
|
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<quantity id="4C98F6995644FFBBFC74F7D10197FA10" box="[947,996,1474,1496]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="503" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
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apart. No additional specimens were collected in any other traps, which were run with the same lure for three years after this collection. Visual surveys in the vicinity also found no specimens or evidence of this species in the surrounding trees.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDF5B7C5644FFBCFD1CF47106F9FE5A" blockId="3.[705,1193,1073,1736]" lastBlockId="4.[684,1171,194,402]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="504" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">
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Of the traps which collected these specimens, traps RAT9 and RAT10 were placed within the Port of
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<collectingRegion id="49A4959E5644FFBBFD1CF4840143F965" box="[731,816,1687,1709]" country="Spain" name="Comunitat Valenciana" pageId="3" pageNumber="503">Valencia</collectingRegion>
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||
, and trap RAT12 was placed within the closest surrounding forest (Devesa de l’Albufera, that could certify the establishment of the species. Five additional traps were deployed in response to the detection (“IpsSaler1” to “IpsSaler5”,
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<tableCitation id="C6E26EC75643FFBCFBF9F2E406F7FEC4" box="[1086,1156,247,269]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[176,226,1000,1019]" captionText="Table 1. Location and situation of traps used and records of exotic Ips species. “Site” refers to surroundings of trap: “Ind.” = industrial site; “Port” = within port; “Forest” = natural forest south of the port of València (see text). Trap ID prefix refers to a particular study. Records indicate the number and date at which the trap sample was collected." pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), plus four more as part of a cerambycid survey (
|
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<tableCitation id="C6E26EC75643FFBCFD73F33F0089FE89" box="[692,762,300,322]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[176,226,1000,1019]" captionText="Table 1. Location and situation of traps used and records of exotic Ips species. “Site” refers to surroundings of trap: “Ind.” = industrial site; “Port” = within port; “Forest” = natural forest south of the port of València (see text). Trap ID prefix refers to a particular study. Records indicate the number and date at which the trap sample was collected." pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), all of which did not detect any additional
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFD6AF35B0152FE95" box="[685,801,327,349]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFD6AF35B00B9FE95" box="[685,714,328,349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Ips</emphasis>
|
||
species.
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</taxonomicName>
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Since no additional specimens were collected, we conclude that it is unlikely that the specimens are part of an established introduction.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1F0BF45643FFBCFF77F60103F7FBA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13243402" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13243402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13243402/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" startId="4.[176,215,1042,1061]" targetBox="[161,634,201,1024]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF5B7C5643FFBCFF77F60103F7FBA6" blockId="4.[152,638,1042,1134]" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFF77F6010378FBED" bold="true" box="[176,267,1042,1061]" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Figs. 1–5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFEE6F60003C2FBED" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[289,433,1042,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligraphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFEE6F60003C2FBED" box="[289,433,1042,1061]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Ips calligraphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in Valencia, Spain (UFFE:36857).
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFE9BF639031DFBF5" bold="true" box="[348,366,1066,1085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">1)</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFE28F6390072FBF5" bold="true" box="[495,513,1066,1085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">2)</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFF5FF65102DAFB9D" bold="true" box="[152,169,1090,1109]" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">3)</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFEE8F6510332FB9D" bold="true" box="[303,321,1090,1109]" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">4)</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFE00F65103AAFB9D" bold="true" box="[455,473,1090,1109]" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">5)</emphasis>
|
||
Oblique declivital view. Total length: 5.8 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF5B7C5643FFBCFF5FF68D000CF98C" blockId="4.[151,639,1182,1684]" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">
|
||
El Saler,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A4959E5643FFBCFF2FF68D0348FB7C" box="[232,315,1182,1204]" country="Spain" name="Comunitat Valenciana" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Valencia</collectingRegion>
|
||
), located approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C98F6995643FFBCFDD0F68C0036FB7C" box="[535,581,1182,1204]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
south of the Port of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A4959E5643FFBCFEDCF6AA0303FB07" box="[283,368,1209,1231]" country="Spain" name="Comunitat Valenciana" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Valencia</collectingRegion>
|
||
. This forest is a mature, natural pine forest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFE8CF6C70039FB21" authority="Miller. It" authorityName="Miller. It" box="[331,586,1236,1258]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halepensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFE8CF6C7039EFB21" box="[331,493,1236,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Pinus halepensis</emphasis>
|
||
Miller. It
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an irregular-aged stand with a dominant height of the tree layer of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6690F55643FFBCFECBF71A0332FAD7" box="[268,321,1289,1311]" count="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4C98F6995643FFBCFECBF71A034EFAD7" box="[268,317,1289,1311]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Other pine species appear as companions in a much lower proportion and mainly from reforestation:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFEDBF72C03FEFA9C" box="[284,397,1343,1364]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFEDBF72C03FEFA9C" box="[284,397,1343,1364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Pinus pinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFE74F72C0009FA9C" authority="Aiton" authorityName="Aiton" box="[435,634,1342,1364]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFE74F72C004EFA9C" box="[435,573,1343,1364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Pinus pinaster</emphasis>
|
||
Aiton
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFF05F749007EFAA6" authority="C. Sm. ex DC." authorityName="DC." box="[194,525,1369,1391]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFF05F7490307FAA7" box="[194,372,1370,1391]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Pinus canariensis</emphasis>
|
||
C. Sm. ex DC.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
This forest covers an area of 100 ha, runs parallel to the coastline, separated only a few meters from the sea, and it grows on sandy soil. It is a forest with a high horizontal rainfall and a very leafy shrub layer consisting mainly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFEDDF7CC03CCFA3B" box="[282,447,1502,1524]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Pistacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lentiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFEDDF7CC03CCFA3B" box="[282,447,1502,1524]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Pistacia lentiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFE24F7CD0007FA3C" box="[483,628,1502,1524]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFF50F7EA033DF9C6" box="[151,334,1529,1550]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Rhamnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alaternus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFF50F7EA033DF9C6" box="[151,334,1529,1550]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Rhamnus alaternus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFEB5F7EA0382F9C7" box="[370,497,1529,1551]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rhamnaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFE38F7EA02A3F9E1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFE38F7EA02A3F9E1" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Quercus coccifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFF31F407031EF9E1" box="[246,365,1556,1577]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFF31F407031EF9E1" box="[246,365,1556,1577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Quercus ilex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFE53F4070381F9E1" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[404,498,1556,1577]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFDC5F407000EF9E1" box="[514,637,1556,1577]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Hedera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="helix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFDC5F407000EF9E1" box="[514,637,1556,1577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Hedera helix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFF70F43D0353F98C" box="[183,288,1582,1604]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFE93F43D03A4F98C" box="[340,471,1582,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Smilax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFE93F43D03A4F98C" box="[340,471,1582,1604]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">Smilax aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFE3DF43D0007F98C" box="[506,628,1582,1604]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Smilacaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF5B7C5643FFBCFF77F45A000FF95C" blockId="4.[151,639,1182,1684]" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">
|
||
After the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6020FF5643FFBCFEC8F45903EEF996" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[271,413,1609,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calligraphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914876E5643FFBCFEC8F45903EEF996" box="[271,413,1609,1631]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="504">I. calligraphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
capture during
|
||
<date id="FFDE7DBC5643FFBCFDFFF45A02B8F9B1" pageId="4" pageNumber="504" value="2019-08">August 2019</date>
|
||
, several field surveys were carried out through 2021 to search for possible damage to the vegetation
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |