plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6A21BFFAC8946FECBE3E1EDAF.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

440 lines
71 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="BE766460F8BA28C42B76F02AE10722B0" ID-CLB-Dataset="160069" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a28" ID-GBIF-Dataset="72def8b5-32ce-44ea-9b40-28a3d239c00c" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7145305" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2611B0BC-F569-4135-A09C-6E527C2565A4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1664918879762" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gentis, Nicolas, Licht, Alexis, Boura, Anaïs, Aung, Dario De Franceschi Zaw Win Day Wa &amp; Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume" docDate="2022" docId="03B787F6A21BFFAC8946FECBE3E1EDAF" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.44.28.853-909.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 44 (28)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Dryobalanoxylon javanense" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="879" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EA200FFB08864FFDDE74BEA43" masterDocTitle="Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications" masterLastPageNumber="909" masterPageNumber="853" pageNumber="878" updateTime="1699387669439" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
<mods:mods id="096CB9E2C3D72F989401232DBE564D6A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2E30C0643C3C507429783E3C3C7143B0">
<mods:title id="7531091495D369F4BCD0E5EE8259A96C">Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6523B7F71CE2D36751B538C436950220" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3A632F28536DA7ED9824BD25DF82D690">
<mods:roleTerm id="2D91532CEF1E5D2EEDBC29F587CE379C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="68D65EA878113489FC53CBBADA8FF1BD">Gentis, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="39A0ED1B410548F75DB8CD7B26ADEBF9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="42D77D6F31DB56F906C999EE3D90FC5B">
<mods:roleTerm id="31CA2E85655BDF499E37DE99ED3CF339">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BE52E10EEBA7F0304D9F77E4EA58BDC4">Licht, Alexis</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8CFB3B4C1AE3B4B10DD8B2635ACB47C6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E01F4497B7E3E3E9E998DABFD5E43376">
<mods:roleTerm id="E34E6FC1E8F74E6133D50B079B3C95D3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C26FF4B05523122139808158F5CBA4ED">Boura, Anaïs</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AC6E4AC60A5A71C8887C91263CD6ACFB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="57666EFDC580E6057FF66D86A8B3B03F">
<mods:roleTerm id="9A9E61BFFF5CC4198081A04F3D96CD09">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="38CBF1E3B1B4BF59BC90FEF962C7E45D">Aung, Dario De Franceschi Zaw Win Day Wa</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="03617B5F20369ECA5C3C537B590E0301" type="personal">
<mods:role id="15EDB99510FBBB4F616BBCA7A732BE13">
<mods:roleTerm id="06C92E42C8AF3E067BC7FEAEBFC10B51">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="909BE780CEBDA1CEC61B99D897A01CBA">Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="666BA05FF606AE0E390282A0A1026E3F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="9A4F510366F7FC357901C3B4A2C48398" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="3CF2444D701C1C9888782784305ECB84">
<mods:title id="A270B27FB26A9A90D00244751ADABCFB">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="0759B15CD6E97318E22DEBD60F808A21">
<mods:date id="26C303B85B8A0C3959A70925BD35B405">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B0CCF37E2D2C5F05334A744F45A56167" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="76F6EA8FB53CD0FA0F9C16F373D09A2C">2022-09-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9228F010B9672D0AD9B309D92D87702A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="BC5A8909EC4947986B95FD18D9E2AD6E">44</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9622BC6556171C33EA7B52A802D8D738" type="issue">
<mods:number id="96B623B1CCA19ED8BF98D0564C71343C">28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="F30F03378A3B0E084442B35BF8390BF5" unit="page">
<mods:start id="DF465D4A935D4DF772A93D068FF38410">853</mods:start>
<mods:end id="2B56D5E00313B8A12E72853AFEB65835">909</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="62DA04D48684D99402DE7CBB53E927C4">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="457C8669482CBFA886638E7FA7CC3C44" type="CLB-Dataset">160069</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A41AB2E84B96EA0DEDCF3C7D1D887A93" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a28</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6CE16774C2A95954BB6269BCCAECA826" type="GBIF-Dataset">72def8b5-32ce-44ea-9b40-28a3d239c00c</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F6EDB36935DCF85AE074C09162594CD4" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6C178EF070DA64561A9BC94FD7814109" type="Zenodo-Dep">7145305</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="860AF8840579164CCF5FD2DDDBED6760" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2611B0BC-F569-4135-A09C-6E527C2565A4</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03B787F6A21BFFAC8946FECBE3E1EDAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7157565" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202152117" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7157565" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6A21BFFAC8946FECBE3E1EDAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6A21BFFAC8946FECBE3E1EDAF" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="879" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">
<subSubSection id="C304656BA21BFFAB8946FECBE6BFEB32" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A21BFFAB8946FECBE6BFEB32" blockId="27.[290,617,278,369]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8946FECBE6FEEB11" authority="(Krausel)" baseAuthorityName="Krausel" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanoxylon" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanense">
<heading id="D0E9818CA21BFFAB8946FECBE522EB72" box="[290,617,278,305]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8946FECBE690EB72" bold="true" box="[290,475,278,305]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Dryobalanoxylon</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8A65FECAE522EB72" bold="true" box="[513,617,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">javanense</emphasis>
</heading>
(Kräusel)
</taxonomicName>
Den Berger (
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21BFFAB89C4FE8AE6A0EB32" box="[416,491,343,369]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,157,1361,1378]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-314@28.[699,1268,766,1320]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 13. — Dryobalanoxylon cf. javanense (Kräusel) Den Berger, MNHN.F.50190:A, Ts,Vessels seemingly exclusively solitary and long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma bands (between arrows); B, Ts,synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed); visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged mostly in long tangential lines; C, Ts, tyloses in vessels (arrow); D, Tls 1-6 seriate rays with some sheath cells (white arrows), vasicentric tracheids (black arrows) and fibre-tracheids (grey arrow); E, Ts, detail of secretory canals embedded in tangential bands of parenchyma; F, Rls, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders in irregular shapes; G, Rls, silica bodies (?) in ray cells; H, Rls, heterocellular ray with mostly 1-4 rows of square or upright marginal cells. Scale bars: B, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C-E, H, 200 µm; F-G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145329/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C304656BA21BFFAB88E0FE4DE5F8EB94" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A21BFFAB88E0FE4DE449EBEB" blockId="27.[132,770,400,424]" box="[132,770,400,424]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0E11CEA21BFFAB88E0FE4DE449EBEB" box="[132,770,400,424]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1A21BFFAB88E0FE4DE511EBEB" author="KRAUSEL R." box="[132,602,400,424]" page="15" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" year="1922">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB88E0FE4DE511EBEB" authority="Krausel, 1922: 9-15" authorityName="Krausel" authorityPageNumber="9 - 15" authorityYear="1922" box="[132,602,400,424]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanense">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB88E0FE4DE6C4EBE4" box="[132,399,400,424]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Dipterocarpoxylon javanense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB89F1FE4DE511EBEB" author="KRAUSEL R." box="[405,602,400,424]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" pagination="9 - 15" refId="ref42956" refString="KRAUSEL R. 1922. - Ueber einen fossilen Baumstamm von Bolang (Java), ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der fossilen Flora Niederlandisch- Indiens. Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam, Verslagen van de Gewone Vergaderingen der Wis- en Natuurkundige Afdeeling 31; Proceedings of the Section of Sciences 25: 9 - 15. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 53228365" type="journal article" year="1922">Kräusel, 1922: 9-15</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 1-5, ill. 1-2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A21BFFAB88E0FE62E5F8EB94" blockId="27.[132,691,447,472]" box="[132,691,447,472]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0E11CEA21BFFAB88E0FE62E5F8EB94" box="[132,691,447,472]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB88E0FE62E6DCEB94" box="[132,407,447,471]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB88E0FE62E6CFEB94" authority="Krausel, 1922: 9-15" authorityName="Krausel" authorityPageNumber="9 - 15" authorityYear="1922" box="[132,388,447,471]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanense">Dryobalanoxylon javanense</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1A21BFFAB89F9FE1DE530EB94" author="DEN BERGER L. G." box="[413,635,447,472]" page="497" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB89F9FE1DE530EB94" author="DEN BERGER L. G." box="[413,635,447,472]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" pagination="495 - 498" refId="ref40429" refString="DEN BERGER L. G. 1927. - Unterscheidungmerkmale von rezenten und fossilen Dipterocarpaceen gattungen. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de Buintenzorg 3: 495 - 498." type="journal article" year="1927">Den Berger 1927: 497</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 498.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C304656BA21BFFAB88E0FE32E59AE8DF" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A21BFFAB88E0FE32E540E862" blockId="27.[132,774,495,545]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">
<materialsCitation id="3B763CBDA21BFFAB88E0FE32E540E862" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921372326" location="Mineralogical-Geological Institute" municipality="University of Groningen" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
ORIGINAL
<typeStatus id="54A58842A21BFFAB888FFE28E61BE845" box="[235,336,501,518]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. —
<location id="8EC1603BA21BFFAB891EFE32E582E844" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6A21BFFAC8946FECBE3E1EDAF:8EC1603BA21BFFAB891EFE32E582E844" box="[378,713,495,519]" municipality="University of Groningen" name="Mineralogical-Geological Institute" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Mineralogical-Geological Institute</location>
of the
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC5AC9AA21BFFAB88E0FDD4E63EE862" box="[132,373,521,545]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">University of Groningen</collectingMunicipality>
, no. unknown.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A21BFFAB88E0FDE7E6C8E828" blockId="27.[130,776,569,620]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">
MATERIAL. —
<materialsCitation id="3B763CBDA21BFFAB8969FDE4E6C8E828" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921372304" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" specimenCode="MNHN.F.50190" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBB89E9BA21BFFAB8969FDE4E6F8E812" box="[269,435,569,593]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">MNHN.F.50190</specimenCode>
(field number: 17FN20). Estimated minimal diameter:
<quantity id="4CE69B05A21BFFAB895AFD89E634E828" box="[318,383,596,620]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A21BFFAB88E0FD59E59AE8DF" blockId="27.[132,721,643,668]" box="[132,721,643,668]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">
LOCALITY. — Kalewa Township,
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802A21BFFAB89ACFD5EE52AE8D8" box="[456,609,643,667]" country="Myanmar" name="Sagaing" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Sagaing Region</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3097670A21BFFAB8A0FFD59E586E8DF" box="[619,717,644,668]" name="Myanmar" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C304656BA21BFFAB88E0FD6EE5D5ED2F" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A21BFFAB88E0FD6EE5C3E888" blockId="27.[132,648,691,715]" box="[132,648,691,715]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">AGE. — Upper lower to lowermost middle Miocene.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A21BFFAB88E0FD2BE65EE953" blockId="27.[130,777,758,1900]" box="[132,277,758,784]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A21BFFAB88E0FCC8E5D5ED2F" blockId="27.[130,777,758,1900]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">
Wood diffuse-porous.Growth rings indistinct or absent.Vessels almost exclusively solitary (90-95%), oval due to compression (
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21BFFAB88E9FC88E7A1E92C" box="[141,234,853,879]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,157,1361,1378]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-314@28.[699,1268,766,1320]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 13. — Dryobalanoxylon cf. javanense (Kräusel) Den Berger, MNHN.F.50190:A, Ts,Vessels seemingly exclusively solitary and long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma bands (between arrows); B, Ts,synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed); visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged mostly in long tangential lines; C, Ts, tyloses in vessels (arrow); D, Tls 1-6 seriate rays with some sheath cells (white arrows), vasicentric tracheids (black arrows) and fibre-tracheids (grey arrow); E, Ts, detail of secretory canals embedded in tangential bands of parenchyma; F, Rls, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders in irregular shapes; G, Rls, silica bodies (?) in ray cells; H, Rls, heterocellular ray with mostly 1-4 rows of square or upright marginal cells. Scale bars: B, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C-E, H, 200 µm; F-G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145329/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Fig.13A</figureCitation>
), 3-8 per mm² (average: 5); tangential diameter 130- 260 µm (average: 180 µm). Tyloses present (
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21BFFAB8A32FCA8E5FDE9CC" box="[598,694,885,911]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,157,1361,1378]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-314@28.[699,1268,766,1320]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 13. — Dryobalanoxylon cf. javanense (Kräusel) Den Berger, MNHN.F.50190:A, Ts,Vessels seemingly exclusively solitary and long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma bands (between arrows); B, Ts,synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed); visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged mostly in long tangential lines; C, Ts, tyloses in vessels (arrow); D, Tls 1-6 seriate rays with some sheath cells (white arrows), vasicentric tracheids (black arrows) and fibre-tracheids (grey arrow); E, Ts, detail of secretory canals embedded in tangential bands of parenchyma; F, Rls, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders in irregular shapes; G, Rls, silica bodies (?) in ray cells; H, Rls, heterocellular ray with mostly 1-4 rows of square or upright marginal cells. Scale bars: B, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C-E, H, 200 µm; F-G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145329/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
). Vessel elements 230-610 µm long (average: 450 µm). Perforation plates simple.Intervessel pits alternate.Vessel-ray pits apparently simple, up to 5 per cell; 8-20 µm long, 3-9 µm large (
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21BFFAB8AC5FC09E5B1E9AC" box="[673,762,980,1007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,157,1361,1378]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-314@28.[699,1268,766,1320]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 13. — Dryobalanoxylon cf. javanense (Kräusel) Den Berger, MNHN.F.50190:A, Ts,Vessels seemingly exclusively solitary and long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma bands (between arrows); B, Ts,synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed); visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged mostly in long tangential lines; C, Ts, tyloses in vessels (arrow); D, Tls 1-6 seriate rays with some sheath cells (white arrows), vasicentric tracheids (black arrows) and fibre-tracheids (grey arrow); E, Ts, detail of secretory canals embedded in tangential bands of parenchyma; F, Rls, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders in irregular shapes; G, Rls, silica bodies (?) in ray cells; H, Rls, heterocellular ray with mostly 1-4 rows of square or upright marginal cells. Scale bars: B, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C-E, H, 200 µm; F-G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145329/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Fig. 13F</figureCitation>
). Fibre-tracheids and vasicentric tracheids present (
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21BFFAB8AF1FC29E5B2EE4C" box="[661,761,1012,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,157,1361,1378]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-314@28.[699,1268,766,1320]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 13. — Dryobalanoxylon cf. javanense (Kräusel) Den Berger, MNHN.F.50190:A, Ts,Vessels seemingly exclusively solitary and long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma bands (between arrows); B, Ts,synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed); visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged mostly in long tangential lines; C, Ts, tyloses in vessels (arrow); D, Tls 1-6 seriate rays with some sheath cells (white arrows), vasicentric tracheids (black arrows) and fibre-tracheids (grey arrow); E, Ts, detail of secretory canals embedded in tangential bands of parenchyma; F, Rls, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders in irregular shapes; G, Rls, silica bodies (?) in ray cells; H, Rls, heterocellular ray with mostly 1-4 rows of square or upright marginal cells. Scale bars: B, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C-E, H, 200 µm; F-G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145329/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
). Axial parenchyma scanty paratracheal to mostly vasicentric and diffuse, occasionally slightly aliform, also forming more or less continuous bands of 3-10 cells thick that may contain secretory canals (
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21BFFAB895DFBA9E6D3EECC" box="[313,408,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,157,1361,1378]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-314@28.[699,1268,766,1320]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 13. — Dryobalanoxylon cf. javanense (Kräusel) Den Berger, MNHN.F.50190:A, Ts,Vessels seemingly exclusively solitary and long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma bands (between arrows); B, Ts,synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed); visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged mostly in long tangential lines; C, Ts, tyloses in vessels (arrow); D, Tls 1-6 seriate rays with some sheath cells (white arrows), vasicentric tracheids (black arrows) and fibre-tracheids (grey arrow); E, Ts, detail of secretory canals embedded in tangential bands of parenchyma; F, Rls, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders in irregular shapes; G, Rls, silica bodies (?) in ray cells; H, Rls, heterocellular ray with mostly 1-4 rows of square or upright marginal cells. Scale bars: B, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C-E, H, 200 µm; F-G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145329/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
). Bands of parenchyma are closely spaced but their relative arrangement is difficult to determine due to compression and bad preservation. Parenchyma cells 80-100 µm long (average: 90), 15-30 µm wide (average: 20) wide, more than 8 cells per parenchyma strand; crystals absent. Parenchyma abundant visible in tangential section. Rays with a two-size tendency; 1- to 6-(7-)seriate, mainly 4- to 6-seriate with 5-seriate being the most frequent, uniseriate regularly present made of (up to 15) procumbent and square or upright cells (
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21BFFAB88A4FA4EE66AEFED" box="[192,289,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,157,1361,1378]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-314@28.[699,1268,766,1320]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 13. — Dryobalanoxylon cf. javanense (Kräusel) Den Berger, MNHN.F.50190:A, Ts,Vessels seemingly exclusively solitary and long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma bands (between arrows); B, Ts,synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed); visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged mostly in long tangential lines; C, Ts, tyloses in vessels (arrow); D, Tls 1-6 seriate rays with some sheath cells (white arrows), vasicentric tracheids (black arrows) and fibre-tracheids (grey arrow); E, Ts, detail of secretory canals embedded in tangential bands of parenchyma; F, Rls, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders in irregular shapes; G, Rls, silica bodies (?) in ray cells; H, Rls, heterocellular ray with mostly 1-4 rows of square or upright marginal cells. Scale bars: B, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C-E, H, 200 µm; F-G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145329/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
), 3-7 rays per mm (average: 5), 330-1530 µm (average:830 µm) or up to 50 cells high or more, heterocellular made of procumbent cells with 1-4 square or upright cells at one or both ends (once seen with 9 cells) (
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21BFFAB8A2FFA2EE5E5EC4E" box="[587,686,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,157,1361,1378]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-314@28.[699,1268,766,1320]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 13. — Dryobalanoxylon cf. javanense (Kräusel) Den Berger, MNHN.F.50190:A, Ts,Vessels seemingly exclusively solitary and long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma bands (between arrows); B, Ts,synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed); visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged mostly in long tangential lines; C, Ts, tyloses in vessels (arrow); D, Tls 1-6 seriate rays with some sheath cells (white arrows), vasicentric tracheids (black arrows) and fibre-tracheids (grey arrow); E, Ts, detail of secretory canals embedded in tangential bands of parenchyma; F, Rls, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders in irregular shapes; G, Rls, silica bodies (?) in ray cells; H, Rls, heterocellular ray with mostly 1-4 rows of square or upright marginal cells. Scale bars: B, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C-E, H, 200 µm; F-G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145329/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
), sheath cells present and easily distinguishable (
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21BFFAB8A78F9CFE537EC6E" box="[540,636,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,157,1361,1378]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-314@28.[699,1268,766,1320]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 13. — Dryobalanoxylon cf. javanense (Kräusel) Den Berger, MNHN.F.50190:A, Ts,Vessels seemingly exclusively solitary and long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma bands (between arrows); B, Ts,synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed); visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged mostly in long tangential lines; C, Ts, tyloses in vessels (arrow); D, Tls 1-6 seriate rays with some sheath cells (white arrows), vasicentric tracheids (black arrows) and fibre-tracheids (grey arrow); E, Ts, detail of secretory canals embedded in tangential bands of parenchyma; F, Rls, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders in irregular shapes; G, Rls, silica bodies (?) in ray cells; H, Rls, heterocellular ray with mostly 1-4 rows of square or upright marginal cells. Scale bars: B, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C-E, H, 200 µm; F-G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145329/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
). Fibres thinto-thick walled (lumina 0.7 times the double wall thickness in average) to very-thick walled, non-septate, 10-22 µm wide (average: 16 µm). Numerous canal lines, embedded in parenchyma bands (
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21BFFAB897AF94FE637ECEE" box="[286,380,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,157,1361,1378]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-314@28.[699,1268,766,1320]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 13. — Dryobalanoxylon cf. javanense (Kräusel) Den Berger, MNHN.F.50190:A, Ts,Vessels seemingly exclusively solitary and long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma bands (between arrows); B, Ts,synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed); visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged mostly in long tangential lines; C, Ts, tyloses in vessels (arrow); D, Tls 1-6 seriate rays with some sheath cells (white arrows), vasicentric tracheids (black arrows) and fibre-tracheids (grey arrow); E, Ts, detail of secretory canals embedded in tangential bands of parenchyma; F, Rls, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders in irregular shapes; G, Rls, silica bodies (?) in ray cells; H, Rls, heterocellular ray with mostly 1-4 rows of square or upright marginal cells. Scale bars: B, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C-E, H, 200 µm; F-G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145329/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
). They can be from 1 to 5 canals long (
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21BFFAB88E9F96FE7AFEC8E" box="[141,228,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,157,1361,1378]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-314@28.[699,1268,766,1320]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 13. — Dryobalanoxylon cf. javanense (Kräusel) Den Berger, MNHN.F.50190:A, Ts,Vessels seemingly exclusively solitary and long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma bands (between arrows); B, Ts,synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed); visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged mostly in long tangential lines; C, Ts, tyloses in vessels (arrow); D, Tls 1-6 seriate rays with some sheath cells (white arrows), vasicentric tracheids (black arrows) and fibre-tracheids (grey arrow); E, Ts, detail of secretory canals embedded in tangential bands of parenchyma; F, Rls, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders in irregular shapes; G, Rls, silica bodies (?) in ray cells; H, Rls, heterocellular ray with mostly 1-4 rows of square or upright marginal cells. Scale bars: B, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C-E, H, 200 µm; F-G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145329/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Fig.13E</figureCitation>
), possibly longer as vessel walls are not always preserved and can be confused with canals. At least one long tangential line of canals crossing the section from edge to edge (
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21BFFAB8AC2F92FE7DCED6F" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,157,1361,1378]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-314@28.[699,1268,766,1320]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 13. — Dryobalanoxylon cf. javanense (Kräusel) Den Berger, MNHN.F.50190:A, Ts,Vessels seemingly exclusively solitary and long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma bands (between arrows); B, Ts,synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed); visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged mostly in long tangential lines; C, Ts, tyloses in vessels (arrow); D, Tls 1-6 seriate rays with some sheath cells (white arrows), vasicentric tracheids (black arrows) and fibre-tracheids (grey arrow); E, Ts, detail of secretory canals embedded in tangential bands of parenchyma; F, Rls, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders in irregular shapes; G, Rls, silica bodies (?) in ray cells; H, Rls, heterocellular ray with mostly 1-4 rows of square or upright marginal cells. Scale bars: B, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C-E, H, 200 µm; F-G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145329/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
); vessels often interrupting the line. We thus considered only unmistakable canals.Tangential diameter 40-120 µm (average: 80). Silica bodies (?) present in ray cells (
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21BFFAB8A54F88CE5DAED2F" box="[560,657,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,157,1361,1378]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-314@28.[699,1268,766,1320]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 13. — Dryobalanoxylon cf. javanense (Kräusel) Den Berger, MNHN.F.50190:A, Ts,Vessels seemingly exclusively solitary and long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma bands (between arrows); B, Ts,synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed); visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged mostly in long tangential lines; C, Ts, tyloses in vessels (arrow); D, Tls 1-6 seriate rays with some sheath cells (white arrows), vasicentric tracheids (black arrows) and fibre-tracheids (grey arrow); E, Ts, detail of secretory canals embedded in tangential bands of parenchyma; F, Rls, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders in irregular shapes; G, Rls, silica bodies (?) in ray cells; H, Rls, heterocellular ray with mostly 1-4 rows of square or upright marginal cells. Scale bars: B, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C-E, H, 200 µm; F-G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145329/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Fig. 13G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C304656BA21BFFAC88E0F84FE3E1EDAF" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="879" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A21BFFAB88E0F84FE64DEDEF" blockId="27.[132,776,1938,2027]" box="[132,262,1938,1964]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A21BFFAB88E0F86CE35AEF0E" blockId="27.[132,776,1938,2027]" lastBlockId="27.[806,1457,215,2028]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">
This specimen is characterized by: 1) diffuse-porous wood; 2) exclusively simple perforation plates; 3) large and mostly solitary vessels; 4) axial canals in long and short lines; 5) vasicentric tracheids and fibre-tracheids; 6) heterocellular rays, often higher than
<quantity id="4CE69B05A21BFFAB8C67FECAE306EB71" box="[1027,1101,279,306]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
; and 7) vasicentric and diffuse parenchyma. These combined features indicate an affinity with extant
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8BCBFE8AE326EB32" baseAuthorityName="Metcalfe &amp; Chalk" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[943,1133,343,369]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dipterocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
, which are often characterized by secretory canals and vasicentric tracheids. Mostly solitary vessels, fibre-tracheids and long tangential lines of secretory canals are diagnostic of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8CFAFE6BE43BEBB2" authority="(Schweitzer 1958)" baseAuthorityName="Schweitzer" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanops" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8CFAFE6BE267EB93" box="[1182,1324,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Dryobalanops</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB8D58FE6BE42EEBB2" author="SCHWEITZER H. - J." pageId="27" pageNumber="878" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref47790" refString="SCHWEITZER H. - J. 1958. - Die fossilen Dipterocarpaceen-Holzer. Palaeontographica Abteilung B 105 (1 - 4): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1958">Schweitzer 1958</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. However, due to the poor preservation of this fossil, many cell walls (especially for vessels) are not preserved; it is thus difficult to distinguish small vessels from canals and precisely assess vessel and canal diameter. Parenchyma is also not always identifiable everywhere. Although we identified a clear long line of canals, apparently embedded in a tangential band of parenchyma, many other short lines of canals are found throughout the section (
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21BFFAB8CC5FD68E24AE893" box="[1185,1281,693,720]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,157,1361,1378]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1319]" captionTargetId="figure-314@28.[699,1268,766,1320]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 13. — Dryobalanoxylon cf. javanense (Kräusel) Den Berger, MNHN.F.50190:A, Ts,Vessels seemingly exclusively solitary and long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma bands (between arrows); B, Ts,synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed); visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged mostly in long tangential lines; C, Ts, tyloses in vessels (arrow); D, Tls 1-6 seriate rays with some sheath cells (white arrows), vasicentric tracheids (black arrows) and fibre-tracheids (grey arrow); E, Ts, detail of secretory canals embedded in tangential bands of parenchyma; F, Rls, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders in irregular shapes; G, Rls, silica bodies (?) in ray cells; H, Rls, heterocellular ray with mostly 1-4 rows of square or upright marginal cells. Scale bars: B, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C-E, H, 200 µm; F-G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145329/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
). Because of the compression, we cannot always determine if a band of parenchyma is tangentially connecting these canals. Some species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8B4FFCCBE4F2E96C" baseAuthorityName="Schweitzer" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[811,953,790,815]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8B4FFCCBE4F2E96C" box="[811,953,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Dipterocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have canals grouped in long lines (as mentioned in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB8B2CFCE8E342E90C" author="INSIDEWOOD" box="[840,1033,821,847]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" refId="ref42546" refString="INSIDEWOOD 2004 - onward. - Published on the Internet. Available from http: // insidewood. lib. ncsu. edu / search" type="url" year="2004">InsideWood 2004</bibRefCitation>
-onward for
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8CE8FCEBE20BE90C" authority="Bedd." authorityName="Bedd." box="[1164,1344,821,847]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8CE8FCEBE3BCE90C" box="[1164,1271,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">D. indicus</emphasis>
Bedd.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8D2CFCEBE43EE92C" authority="Korth." authorityName="Korth." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baudii">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8D2CFCEBE2E6E90C" box="[1352,1453,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">D. baudii</emphasis>
Korth.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8BCCFC8BE3F6E92C" authority="C. F. Gaertn." authorityName="C. F. Gaertn." box="[936,1213,853,879]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turbinatus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8BCCFC8BE37DE92C" box="[936,1078,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">D. turbinatus</emphasis>
C.F.Gaertn.
</taxonomicName>
; also seen in the specimen MNHN-P-P00402617 of
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8C1EFCABE24DE9CC" box="[1146,1286,885,911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turbinatus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8C1EFCABE24DE9CC" box="[1146,1286,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">D. turbinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). A compressed and decayed fossil wood could easily display closely spaced short tangential lines that appear as a single long line. But the presence of fibre-tracheids, tyloses and silica bodies (?) in ray cells suggest a closer affinity with
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8CF2FC29E26FEE4D" baseAuthorityName="Schweitzer" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1174,1316,1012,1038]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanops" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8CF2FC29E26FEE4D" box="[1174,1316,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Dryobalanops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB8D50FC29E4E4EE6C" author="METCALFE C. R. &amp; CHALK L." pageId="27" pageNumber="878" refId="ref44633" refString="METCALFE C. R. &amp; CHALK L. 1950. - Anatomy of the Dicotyledons Vol. 1 &amp; 2. Oxford, Clarendon Press. 1500 p. http: // www. worldcat. org / oclc / 489685836" type="book" year="1950">Metcalfe &amp; Chalk 1950</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB8BA4FBC9E33EEE6C" author="SCHWEITZER H. - J." box="[960,1141,1044,1071]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref47790" refString="SCHWEITZER H. - J. 1958. - Die fossilen Dipterocarpaceen-Holzer. Palaeontographica Abteilung B 105 (1 - 4): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1958">Schweitzer 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB8CE1FBC9E428EE0D" author="GOTTWALD H. P. J. &amp; PARAMESWARAN N." pageId="27" pageNumber="878" pagination="410 - 508" refId="ref41541" refString="GOTTWALD H. P. J. &amp; PARAMESWARAN N. 1966. - Das sekundare Xylem der Familie Dipterocarpaceae, anatomische Untersuchungen zur Taxonomie und Phylogenie. Botanische Jarbucher fur Systematik 85 (3): 410 - 508." type="journal article" year="1966">Gottwald &amp; Parameswaran 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB8B0AFBE9E3F8EE0D" author="SOERIANEGARA I. &amp; LEMMENS R. H. M. J." box="[878,1203,1076,1103]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. &amp; LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara &amp; Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB8CDBFBE9E225EE0D" author="OGATA K. &amp; FUJII T. &amp; ABE H. &amp; BAAS P." box="[1215,1390,1076,1102]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" refId="ref45115" refString="OGATA K., FUJII T., ABE H. &amp; BAAS P. 2008. - Identification of the Timbers of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Kaiseisha Press, Otsu-shi, 408 p. http: // www. worldcat. org / oclc / 1087889669" type="book" year="2008">
Ogata
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8D60FBE8E27FEE0D" box="[1284,1332,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
). Our specimen resembles closely to
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8C08FB89E2CAEE2D" authority="Sym." authorityName="Sym." box="[1132,1409,1108,1134]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanops" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keithii">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8C08FB89E208EE2D" box="[1132,1347,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Dryobalanops keithii</emphasis>
Sym.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8B48FBA8E34BEECD" authority="Burck" authorityName="Burck" box="[812,1024,1140,1166]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanops" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8B48FBA8E4FCEECD" box="[812,951,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">D. lanceolata</emphasis>
Burck
</taxonomicName>
for ray width mostly 4-5 seriate, parenchyma vasicentric to aliform, few diffuse and interruption of long tangential lines of canals; and to
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8CB0FB68E2E4EE8D" authority="Dyer" authorityName="Dyer" box="[1236,1455,1204,1230]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanops" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8CB0FB68E23AEE8D" box="[1236,1393,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">D. oblongifolia</emphasis>
Dyer
</taxonomicName>
for its ray width (up to 6- or 7-seriate), shape of rays, quite abundant diffuse parenchyma, and canal distribution (also interrupted by vessels). The latter being the most resembling all things considered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A21BFFAC8B27FA8EE6CCEC8F" blockId="27.[806,1457,215,2028]" lastBlockId="28.[131,776,1554,2028]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="879" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">
This fossil is attributed to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8CC9FA8EE213EF2E" box="[1197,1368,1363,1389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8CC9FA8EE213EF2E" box="[1197,1368,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Dryobalanoxylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the presence of a long tangential line of canals, solitary vessels and visible fibre-tracheids. A comparison with the most resembling
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8BC3FA6EE3ECEF8E" box="[935,1191,1459,1485]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8BC3FA6EE313EF8E" box="[935,1112,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Dryobalanoxylon</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
shows that most of them have rays up to 4-5-seriate. Among species with wider rays (
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21BFFAB8B52FA2EE4FFEC4E" box="[822,948,1523,1549]" captionStart="APPENDIX" captionStartId="55.[61,73,447,464]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="APPENDIX 1. — Synthetic summary of main characters of the Dipterocarp fossil woods mentioned in the article, as described by the original authors (first name), the authors who redescribed a specimen of the same species or emmended the original diagnosis (second name), or as extracted from another publication (in parenthesis). Features in parenthesis are less commun." pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Appendix 1</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB8BA7FA2EE3C9EC4E" author="DEN BERGER L. G." box="[963,1154,1523,1549]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" pagination="143 - 148" refId="ref40395" refString="DEN BERGER L. G. 1923. - Fossiele houtsoorten uit het Tertiair van Zuid-Sumatra. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap. Geologische serie 7: 143 - 148." type="journal article" year="1923">Den Berger 1923</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB8CF5FA2EE267EC4E" author="BOUREAU E." box="[1169,1324,1522,1549]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref39562" refString="BOUREAU E. 1952. - Contribution a l'etude paleoxylologique de l'Indochine. V - Bois fossiles de l'Annam et du Cambodge. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie C, Sciences de la Terre 2 (1): 1 - 26. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 58166728" type="journal article" year="1952">Boureau 1952</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB8D58FA2EE429EC6E" author="SCHWEITZER H. - J." pageId="27" pageNumber="878" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref47790" refString="SCHWEITZER H. - J. 1958. - Die fossilen Dipterocarpaceen-Holzer. Palaeontographica Abteilung B 105 (1 - 4): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1958">Schweitzer 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB8B09F9CFE4B3EC6E" author="AWASTHI N." box="[877,1016,1554,1581]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" pagination="226 - 233" refId="ref38198" refString="AWASTHI N. 1971. - Revision of some dipterocarpaceous woods previously described from the Tertiary of south India. The Palaeobotanist 18 (3): 226 - 233 (1969). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 1969.840" type="journal article" year="1971">Awasthi 1971</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB8C67F9CFE26DEC6E" author="SRIVASTAVA R. &amp; KAGEMORI N." box="[1027,1318,1554,1581]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" pagination="395 - 401" refId="ref48126" refString="SRIVASTAVA R. &amp; KAGEMORI N. 2001. - Fossil wood of Dryobalanops from Pliocene deposits of Indonesia. The Palaeobotanist 50 (2 - 3): 395 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 2001.1835" type="journal article" year="2001">Srivastava &amp; Kagemori 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB8D55F9CFE49AEC0E" author="MANDANG Y. I. &amp; KAGEMORI N." pageId="27" pageNumber="878" pagination="1" refId="ref44367" refString="MANDANG Y. I. &amp; KAGEMORI N. 2004. - A fossil wood of Dipterocarpaceae from Pliocene deposit in the West Region of Java Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 5 (1). https: // doi. org / 10.13057 / biodiv / d 050106" type="journal article" year="2004">Mandang &amp; Kagemori 2004</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8B82F9EEE212EC0F" authority="Srivastava &amp; Kagemori" authorityName="Srivastava &amp; Kagemori" box="[998,1369,1586,1613]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bogorense">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8B82F9EEE32EEC0F" box="[998,1125,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">D. bogorense</emphasis>
Srivastava &amp; Kagemori
</taxonomicName>
has rays up to 6-seriate, but more abundant parenchyma with aliform being present, as well as no sheath cells;
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8CB3F9AEE410ECEE" authority="Boureau" authorityName="Boureau" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khmerinum">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8CB3F9AEE238ECCF" box="[1239,1395,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">D. khmerinum</emphasis>
Boureau
</taxonomicName>
has up to 7-seriate rays but shorter rays, bigger canals and smaller vessels;
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8C68F96EE3DEEC8F" box="[1036,1173,1715,1740]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanense">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8C68F96EE3DEEC8F" box="[1036,1173,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">D. javanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB8CD8F96FE2C8EC8E" author="SCHWEITZER H. - J." box="[1212,1411,1714,1741]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref47790" refString="SCHWEITZER H. - J. 1958. - Die fossilen Dipterocarpaceen-Holzer. Palaeontographica Abteilung B 105 (1 - 4): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1958">Schweitzer (1958)</bibRefCitation>
has rays up to 6-seriate rays, as well as long lines and few short lines of 2-4 canals;
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8C62F92EE369ED4F" box="[1030,1058,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">D.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8C28F92FE38BED4F" box="[1100,1216,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">bangkoense</emphasis>
of
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21BFFAB8C8DF92FE2E4ED4F" author="SCHWEITZER H. - J." box="[1257,1455,1778,1805]" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref47790" refString="SCHWEITZER H. - J. 1958. - Die fossilen Dipterocarpaceen-Holzer. Palaeontographica Abteilung B 105 (1 - 4): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1958">Schweitzer (1958)</bibRefCitation>
has rays up to 7-seriate. The last two are very similar to each other and share most features of our fossil, with some minor differences:
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8BCEF88FE366ED28" box="[938,1069,1874,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanense">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8BCEF88FE366ED28" box="[938,1069,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">D. javanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has slightly thinner and shorter rays, mostly scanty paratracheal parenchyma (compared to mostly vasicentric) and very pronounced sheath cells.
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21BFFAB8D66F84CE2E4EDE8" box="[1282,1455,1937,1963]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="878" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8D66F84CE2E4EDE8" box="[1282,1455,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">Dryobalanoxylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf.
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21BFFAB8B2EF86CE4F3ED88" box="[842,952,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="878">bankgoense</emphasis>
has a lesser proportion of solitary vessels, a greater amount of apotracheal parenchyma (diffuse-in-aggregate is mentioned) and has no sheath cells described. We do not consider that these differences are enough to describe a new species; neither too few to attribute this fossil to any species. We thus attribute this fossil to
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21CFFAC89A8F9AFE44CECCF" box="[460,775,1650,1676]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanense">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC89A8F9AFE536ECCF" box="[460,637,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">Dryobalanoxylon</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8AC0F9AEE44CECCF" box="[676,775,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">javanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it is the only specimen described with both long and short lines of secretory canals.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF616668A21CFFAC88E0FA8CE320EF90" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7145329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145329/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" startId="28.[132,157,1361,1378]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1319]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A21CFFAC88E0FA8CE320EF90" blockId="28.[132,1456,1361,1491]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">
FIG. 13. —
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21CFFAC88B9FA8CE597EF21" authority="(Krausel) Den Berger, MNHN. F." authorityName="Den Berger, MNHN. F." baseAuthorityName="Krausel" box="[221,732,1361,1378]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanense">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC88B9FA8CE62CEF21" box="[221,359,1361,1378]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">Dryobalanoxylon</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC89E0FA8CE69DEF21" box="[388,470,1361,1378]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">javanense</emphasis>
(Kräusel) Den Berger, MNHN.F.
</taxonomicName>
50190:
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8B7EFA8CE46CEF21" bold="true" box="[794,807,1361,1378]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">A</emphasis>
, Ts,Vessels seemingly exclusively solitary and long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma bands (between arrows);
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8A08FAB5E532EF3A" bold="true" box="[620,633,1384,1401]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">B</emphasis>
, Ts,synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed); visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged mostly in long tangential lines;
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8C74FAA3E355EFCC" bold="true" box="[1040,1054,1406,1423]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">C</emphasis>
, Ts, tyloses in vessels (
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8CBBFAA3E258EFCC" bold="true" box="[1247,1299,1406,1423]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">arrow</emphasis>
);
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8D46FAA3E27BEFCC" bold="true" box="[1314,1328,1406,1423]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">D</emphasis>
, Tls 1-6 seriate rays with some sheath cells (
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8916FA48E6AEEFE5" bold="true" box="[370,485,1429,1446]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">white arrows</emphasis>
), vasicentric tracheids (
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8ACCFA48E450EFE5" bold="true" box="[680,795,1429,1446]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">black arrows</emphasis>
) and fibre-tracheids (
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8BA8FA48E360EFE5" bold="true" box="[972,1067,1429,1446]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">grey arrow</emphasis>
);
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8C5EFA48E30DEFE5" bold="true" box="[1082,1094,1429,1446]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">E</emphasis>
, Ts, detail of secretory canals embedded in tangential bands of parenchyma;
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC89FDFA71E6EFEFFE" bold="true" box="[409,420,1452,1469]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">F</emphasis>
, Rls, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders in irregular shapes;
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8B86FA71E4BBEFFE" bold="true" box="[994,1008,1452,1469]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">G</emphasis>
, Rls, silica bodies (?) in ray cells;
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8D67FA71E25AEFFE" bold="true" box="[1283,1297,1452,1469]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">H</emphasis>
, Rls, heterocellular ray with mostly 1-4 rows of square or upright marginal cells. Scale bars: B, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C-E, H, 200 µm; F-G, 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A21CFFAC88FFF90FE63FEDCF" blockId="28.[131,776,1554,2028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">
Most
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21CFFAC88BEF90FE6C0ECAF" box="[218,395,1746,1772]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC88BEF90FE6C0ECAF" box="[218,395,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">Dryobalanoxylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens are recorded in
<collectingCountry id="F3097670A21CFFAC8AD4F90FE7EBED4F" name="Indonesia" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21CFFAC88D6F92FE679ED4F" box="[178,306,1778,1804]" captionStart="APPENDIX" captionStartId="55.[61,73,447,464]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="APPENDIX 1. — Synthetic summary of main characters of the Dipterocarp fossil woods mentioned in the article, as described by the original authors (first name), the authors who redescribed a specimen of the same species or emmended the original diagnosis (second name), or as extracted from another publication (in parenthesis). Features in parenthesis are less commun." pageId="28" pageNumber="879">Appendix 1</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21CFFAC8926F92FE6B2ED4E" author="SCHWEITZER H. - J." box="[322,505,1778,1805]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref47790" refString="SCHWEITZER H. - J. 1958. - Die fossilen Dipterocarpaceen-Holzer. Palaeontographica Abteilung B 105 (1 - 4): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1958">Schweitzer 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21CFFAC8A6CF92FE7F7ED6F" author="SRIVASTAVA R. &amp; KAGEMORI N." pageId="28" pageNumber="879" pagination="395 - 401" refId="ref48126" refString="SRIVASTAVA R. &amp; KAGEMORI N. 2001. - Fossil wood of Dryobalanops from Pliocene deposits of Indonesia. The Palaeobotanist 50 (2 - 3): 395 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 2001.1835" type="journal article" year="2001">Srivastava &amp; Kagemori 2001</bibRefCitation>
) but they are also found in
<collectingCountry id="F3097670A21CFFAC8981F8CFE50DED6F" box="[485,582,1810,1836]" name="Vietnam" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3097670A21CFFAC8A34F8CFE58FED6F" box="[592,708,1810,1836]" name="Cambodia" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3097670A21CFFAC8AAAF8CFE44CED6F" box="[718,775,1810,1836]" name="India" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">India</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13252A65A21CFFAC88E9F8ECE647ED0F" box="[141,268,1841,1868]" captionStart="APPENDIX" captionStartId="55.[61,73,447,464]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="APPENDIX 1. — Synthetic summary of main characters of the Dipterocarp fossil woods mentioned in the article, as described by the original authors (first name), the authors who redescribed a specimen of the same species or emmended the original diagnosis (second name), or as extracted from another publication (in parenthesis). Features in parenthesis are less commun." pageId="28" pageNumber="879">Appendix 1</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21CFFAC8978F8ECE512ED0F" author="SRIVASTAVA R. &amp; KAGEMORI N." box="[284,601,1841,1868]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" pagination="395 - 401" refId="ref48126" refString="SRIVASTAVA R. &amp; KAGEMORI N. 2001. - Fossil wood of Dryobalanops from Pliocene deposits of Indonesia. The Palaeobotanist 50 (2 - 3): 395 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 2001.1835" type="journal article" year="2001">Srivastava &amp; Kagemori 2001</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="F3097670A21CFFAC8AF9F8EFE44CED0F" box="[669,775,1842,1868]" name="Myanmar" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21CFFAC88E9F88CE679ED2F" author="GOTTWALD H. P. J." box="[141,306,1873,1900]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref41511" refString="GOTTWALD H. P. J. 1994. - Tertiare Kieselholzer aus dem Chindwinn-Bassin im nordwestlichen Myanmar (Birma). Documenta Naturae 86: 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1994">Gottwald 1994</bibRefCitation>
). Our fossil is the second record of
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21CFFAC8ACCF88CE7ABEDC8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8ACCF88CE7ABEDC8" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">Dryobalanoxylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3097670A21CFFAC8960F8AFE63BEDCF" box="[260,368,1906,1932]" name="Myanmar" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A21CFFAC88FFF84CE3E1EDAF" blockId="28.[131,776,1554,2028]" lastBlockId="28.[811,1456,1554,2028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21CFFAC88FFF84CE67AEDE8" baseAuthorityName="Schweitzer" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[155,305,1937,1963]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanops" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC88FFF84CE67AEDE8" box="[155,305,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">Dryobalanops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is today exclusively present in southeast Asia and absent in
<collectingCountry id="F3097670A21CFFAC8933F86CE6DAED88" box="[343,401,1969,1995]" name="India" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">India</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3097670A21CFFAC89ACF86FE57FED8F" box="[456,564,1970,1996]" name="Myanmar" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
(Maury-Lechon &amp; Curtet 1998;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21CFFAC894EF80CE698EDA8" author="GHAZOUL J." box="[298,467,2001,2027]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" refId="ref41276" refString="GHAZOUL J. 2016. - Dipterocarp Biology, Ecology, and Conservation. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 307 p. http: // doi. org / 10.1093 / acprof: oso / 9780199639656.001.0001" type="book" year="2016">Ghazoul 2016</bibRefCitation>
). It is a genus of tropical canopy trees growing on hillsides or along streams, at up to
<quantity id="4CE69B05A21CFFAC8B2BF9EEE4D1EC0E" box="[847,922,1587,1613]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
altitude; they are also present in lowland dipterocarp forests, mixed peat-swamp forests, sometimes also in heath forests (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21CFFAC8B8FF9AFE336ECCF" author="ASHTON P. S." box="[1003,1149,1650,1676]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" pagination="237 - 552" refId="ref37953" refString="ASHTON P. S. 1982. - Dipterocarpaceae, in VAN STEENIS C. G. G. J. (ed.), Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta 9 (2): 237 - 552. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532631" type="journal article" year="1982">Ashton 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21CFFAC8CEAF9AFE42CECEF" author="SOERIANEGARA I. &amp; LEMMENS R. H. M. J." pageId="28" pageNumber="879" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. &amp; LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara &amp; Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21CFFAC8BE6F94FE3EAECEF" box="[898,1185,1682,1708]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanops" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8BE6F94FE3EAECEF" box="[898,1185,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">Dryobalanops oblongifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lives in lowland mixed dipterocarp forests, also in periodically inundated, freshwater swamps, near streams, in poorly drained forests or on hillsides below
<quantity id="4CE69B05A21CFFAC8C67F92FE306ED4F" box="[1027,1101,1778,1804]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21CFFAC8C3AF92FE3BAED4F" author="ASHTON P. S." box="[1118,1265,1778,1804]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" pagination="237 - 552" refId="ref37953" refString="ASHTON P. S. 1982. - Dipterocarpaceae, in VAN STEENIS C. G. G. J. (ed.), Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta 9 (2): 237 - 552. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532631" type="journal article" year="1982">Ashton 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21CFFAC8D66F92FE4A9ED6F" author="SOERIANEGARA I. &amp; LEMMENS R. H. M. J." pageId="28" pageNumber="879" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. &amp; LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara &amp; Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21CFFAC8B91F8CFE3EEED6F" author="BARSTOW M." box="[1013,1189,1810,1836]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" pagination="68070307" refId="ref39078" refString="BARSTOW M. 2018 a. - Dryobalanops oblongifolia. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e. T 63023 A 68070307. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2018 - 1. RLTS. T 63023 A 68070307. en" type="journal article" year="2018">Barstow 2018a</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21CFFAC8CA6F8CFE2E4ED6F" box="[1218,1455,1810,1836]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanops" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keithii">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8CA6F8CFE2E4ED6F" box="[1218,1455,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">Dryobalanops keithii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
always occurs near water on lowlands and foothills up to
<quantity id="4CE69B05A21CFFAC8B4AF88CE432ED2F" box="[814,889,1873,1900]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
altitude (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21CFFAC8B8DF88CE330ED2F" author="ASHTON P. S." box="[1001,1147,1873,1900]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" pagination="237 - 552" refId="ref37953" refString="ASHTON P. S. 1982. - Dipterocarpaceae, in VAN STEENIS C. G. G. J. (ed.), Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta 9 (2): 237 - 552. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532631" type="journal article" year="1982">Ashton 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21CFFAC8CE8F88CE42CEDC8" author="SOERIANEGARA I. &amp; LEMMENS R. H. M. J." pageId="28" pageNumber="879" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. &amp; LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara &amp; Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21CFFAC8B12F8ACE373EDC8" author="RANDI A. &amp; KUSUMADEWI Y. &amp; TANGGARAJU S. &amp; JUILING S. &amp; BODOS V. &amp; HAMIDI A. &amp; MARYANI A." box="[886,1080,1905,1931]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" pagination="143153282" refId="ref47316" refString="RANDI A., KUSUMADEWI Y., TANGGARAJU S., JUILING S., BODOS V., HAMIDI A. &amp; MARYANI A. 2019. - Dryobalanops keithii. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e. T 33379 A 143153282. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2019 - 3. RLTS. T 33379 A 143153282. en" type="journal article" year="2019">
Randi
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8BA5F8AFE4BCEDC8" box="[961,1015,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21CFFAC8C36F8ACE213EDC8" box="[1106,1368,1905,1931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dryobalanops" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8C36F8ACE213EDC8" box="[1106,1368,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">Dryobalanops lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lives in mixed dipterocarp forests and can occur in logged (open) forests, on clay soils and rolling hills up to
<quantity id="4CE69B05A21CFFAC8D6FF86CE218ED8F" box="[1291,1363,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
altitude (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21CFFAC8B52F80CE48CEDA8" author="ASHTON P. S." box="[822,967,2001,2027]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" pagination="237 - 552" refId="ref37953" refString="ASHTON P. S. 1982. - Dipterocarpaceae, in VAN STEENIS C. G. G. J. (ed.), Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta 9 (2): 237 - 552. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532631" type="journal article" year="1982">Ashton 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21CFFAC8BB2F80CE3D2EDA8" author="BODOS V. &amp; HAMIDI A. &amp; JUILING S. &amp; MARYANI A. &amp; TANGGARAJU S." box="[982,1177,2001,2027]" pageId="28" pageNumber="879" pagination="68070258" refId="ref39449" refString="BODOS V., HAMIDI A., JUILING S., MARYANI A. &amp; TANGGARAJU S. 2019. - Dryobalanops lanceolata. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e. T 33164 A 68070258. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2019 - 3. RLTS. T 33164 A 68070258. en" type="journal article" year="2019">
Bodos
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21CFFAC8C47F80FE312EDA8" box="[1059,1113,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="879">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink