223 lines
29 KiB
XML
223 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F23C238F16F8A5AC17CF8E9496DE0262">Evolution of nuptial-gift-related male prosomal structures: taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the genus Oedothorax (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="05EC5F6EC26886F7B87AEC390375B9EC">Lin, Shou-Wang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AD89DAC6B272CC155F7190F301B766FB">Lopardo, Lara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CFD0B332168F59052B050E0580485887">Uhl, Gabriele</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B787C7FF9C766CFF42D73D4F03F18E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6598056" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198618618" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6598056" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787C7FF9C766CFF42D73D4F03F18E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787C7FF9C766CFF42D73D4F03F18E" lastPageNumber="482" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">
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<subSubSection id="C304655AFF9C766CFF42D73D48F0F664" box="[233,708,869,894]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA136D1FF9C766CFF42D73D48F0F664" blockId="65.[233,708,869,894]" box="[233,708,869,894]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">
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<heading id="D0E981BDFF9C766CFF42D73D48F0F664" box="[233,708,869,894]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFF42D73D48F0F664" ID-CoL="4XWS" authority="JOCQUE & SCHARFF, 2007" authorityName="Jocque & Scharff" authorityYear="2007" box="[233,708,869,894]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Holmelgonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFF42D73D4BA5F666" box="[233,401,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">HOLMELGONIA</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B20FF9C766CFE32D73D48F0F664" author="Jocque R & Scharff N" box="[409,708,869,894]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" pagination="161" refId="ref92322" refString="Jocque R, Scharff N, 2007. Holmelgonia, a new name for the genus Elgonia Holm, 1989 (Araneae, Linyphiidae). Journal of Afrotropical Zoology 3: 161." type="journal article" year="2007">JOCQUÉ & SCHARFF, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304655AFF9C766CFF08D7F64F03F18E" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA136D1FF9C766CFF08D7F64893F6D9" blockId="65.[163,679,941,963]" box="[163,679,941,963]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFF08D7F64B07F6D9" box="[163,307,942,963]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">
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<typeStatus id="54A58873FF9C766CFF08D7F64AECF6D9" box="[163,216,942,963]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFEEDD7F54894F6D9" authority="Holm, 1962" authorityName="Holm" authorityYear="1962" box="[326,672,941,963]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Elgonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFEEDD7F54823F6D8" box="[326,535,941,962]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Elgonia nemoralis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B20FF9C766CFDB6D7F54894F6D9" author="Holm A" box="[541,672,941,963]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" pagination="19 - 204" refId="ref91494" refString="Holm A. 1962. The spider fauna of the East African mountains. Part I: Fam. Erigonidae. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala 35: 19 - 204." type="journal article" year="1962">Holm, 1962</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136D1FF9C766CFF08D7B44F70F645" blockId="65.[163,779,1004,1884]" lastBlockId="65.[827,1444,197,863]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFF08D7B448FDF11B" box="[163,713,1004,1025]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Diagnosis, description and taxonomic remarks:</emphasis>
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The resemblance of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFEFDD0524BDDF105" authorityName="Jocque & Scharff" authorityYear="2007" box="[342,489,1034,1055]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Holmelgonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFEFDD0524BDDF105" box="[342,489,1034,1055]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Holmelgonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFDA5D05248A0F105" authorityName="Fage" authorityYear="1936" box="[526,660,1034,1055]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Callitrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFDA5D05248A0F105" box="[526,660,1034,1055]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Callitrichia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and other related genera (i.e.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFED1D0714BC9F124" box="[378,509,1065,1086]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Oedothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFED1D0714BC9F124" box="[378,509,1065,1086]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Oedothorax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFDA2D071486BF124" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1949" box="[521,607,1065,1086]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Toschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFDA2D071486BF124" box="[521,607,1065,1086]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Toschia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFD3ED0714936F124" baseAuthorityName="Scharff" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[661,770,1065,1086]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Ophrynia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFD3ED0714936F124" box="[661,770,1065,1086]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Ophrynia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) has not been mentioned in previous publications. Regarding the shape of embolic division, the enlarged terminal part of paracymbium, the vastly erected palpal tibia prolateral apophysis and the general epigyne morphology,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFE12D09A486FF1CD" authorityName="Jocque & Scharff" authorityYear="2007" box="[441,603,1218,1239]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Holmelgonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFE12D09A486FF1CD" box="[441,603,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Holmelgonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to numerous
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFEB5D0B94830F1ED" box="[286,516,1249,1271]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Callitrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFEB5D0B94B91F1EC" box="[286,421,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Callitrichia</emphasis>
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species.
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B20FF9C766CFDA1D0B94ADEF00C" author="Nzigidahera B & Jocque R" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref93775" refString="Nzigidahera B, Jocque R. 2014. On the Afrotropical genus Holmelgonia (Araneae, Linyphiidae), with the description of three new species from the Albertine Rift. European Journal of Taxonomy 77: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2014">Nzigidahera & Jocqué (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFECDD1584BCCF00F" authorityName="Jocque & Scharff" authorityYear="2007" box="[358,504,1280,1301]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Holmelgonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFECDD1584BCCF00F" box="[358,504,1280,1301]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Holmelgonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as characterized by the absence of cheliceral stridulation ridges, the presence of a double ventral row of setae on the femora, the long tibial spines (two to three times as long as the diameter of the segment), tibial chaetotaxy 2-2-1-1, TmI between 0.32 and 0.7, the absence of prosomal modification and the apophysis on the dorsal side of the palpal tibia. However, all these features are not unique to the members of this genus. One potential diagnostic feature, the absence of cheliceral stridulatory ridges, is actually present in our studied species (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFEA2D20A4BBBF37C" authorityName="Jocque & Scharff" authorityYear="1986" box="[265,399,1617,1639]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Holmelgonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basalis">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFEA2D20A4BBBF37C" box="[265,399,1617,1639]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Ho. basalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13252A54FF9C766CFE35D2094837F37C" box="[414,515,1617,1639]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="40.[145,224,1771,1793]" captionTargetBox="[209,1362,197,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-25@40.[207,1362,195,1731]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 22. Male chelicerae, stridulatory striae on lateral side. A, ‘Oedothorax’ meghalaya. B, ‘Oe.’ uncus. C, Holmelgonia basalis. D, Callitrichia holmi. E, Ca. picta. F, Ca. gloriosa. G, Ca. convector. H, Ca. sellafrontis. I, Ca. juguma. J, Ca. uncata. K, Ca. pilosa. L, Ca. usitata. M, Ca. legrandi. N, Ca. macrophthalma. O, Ca. muscicola. P, Ca. latitibialis. Q, Ca. longiducta. R. Nasoona setifera. S, N. crucifera. Scale bars 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6967850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6967850/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Fig. 22B</figureCitation>
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), and the chelicera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFF08D22848F6F39F" authority="Nzigidahera & Jocque, 2014" authorityName="Nzigidahera & Jocque" authorityYear="2014" box="[163,706,1648,1670]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Holmelgonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disconveniens">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFF08D2284B45F39F" box="[163,369,1648,1669]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Ho. disconveniens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B20FF9C766CFED2D22848F6F39F" author="Nzigidahera B & Jocque R" box="[377,706,1648,1670]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref93775" refString="Nzigidahera B, Jocque R. 2014. On the Afrotropical genus Holmelgonia (Araneae, Linyphiidae), with the description of three new species from the Albertine Rift. European Journal of Taxonomy 77: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2014">Nzigidahera & Jocqué, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(SEM photo, figs
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<quantity id="4CE69B34FF9C766CFE89D2D74B5FF3BE" box="[290,363,1678,1700]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 in</quantity>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B20FF9C766CFED9D2D64880F3BE" author="Nzigidahera B & Jocque R" box="[370,692,1678,1700]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref93775" refString="Nzigidahera B, Jocque R. 2014. On the Afrotropical genus Holmelgonia (Araneae, Linyphiidae), with the description of three new species from the Albertine Rift. European Journal of Taxonomy 77: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2014">Nzigidahera & Jocqué 2014</bibRefCitation>
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) shows a scaly lateral surface without setae, which could also be interpreted as stridulatory striae (fig. 3 shows the detail of the anterior surface, instead of the lateral surface). Despite the lack of defining features for this genus, and the sister-relationship of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFDFED37048E3F227" authorityName="Jocque & Scharff" authorityYear="1986" box="[597,727,1832,1853]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Holmelgonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basalis">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFDFED37048E3F227" box="[597,727,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Ho. basalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFF08D31E4B1AF241" authorityName="Fage" authorityYear="1936" box="[163,302,1862,1883]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Callitrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFF08D31E4B1AF241" box="[163,302,1862,1883]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Callitrichia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shown in the present study, this genus differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFC71D49D4E5FF5C0" authorityName="Fage" authorityYear="1936" box="[986,1131,197,218]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Callitrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFC71D49D4E5FF5C0" box="[986,1131,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Callitrichia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the lack of truncated protegulum and the presence of a central embolar apophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A54FF9C766CFC69D55A4E73F402" box="[962,1095,258,280]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="66.[145,224,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[148,1423,214,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-25@66.[145,1431,195,1705]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Figure 36. Holmelgonia basalis Jocqué & Scharff, 1986. A–D, male right palp, images flipped horizontally. A, retrolateral view. B, prolateral view. C, dorsal view. D, ventral view. E, F, epigyne. E, ventral view. F, external morphology. G, male posterior median spinnerets and posterior lateral spinnerets. H, female right spinnerets. I, female right posterior lateral spinneret. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6967895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6967895/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Fig. 36B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow). The latter structure is present in all species with known males, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFC90D51849CBF44F" box="[827,1023,320,341]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Holmelgonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discoveniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFC90D51849CBF44F" box="[827,1023,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Ho. discoveniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFB96D51849C0F469" authority="Nzigidahera & Jocque, 2014" authorityName="Nzigidahera & Jocque" authorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Callitrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afromontana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFB96D5184F32F44F" box="[1085,1286,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Ho. afromontana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B20FF9C766CFABBD51849C0F469" author="Nzigidahera B & Jocque R" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref93775" refString="Nzigidahera B, Jocque R. 2014. On the Afrotropical genus Holmelgonia (Araneae, Linyphiidae), with the description of three new species from the Albertine Rift. European Journal of Taxonomy 77: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2014">Nzigidahera & Jocqué, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Due to the lack of synapomorphies defining this genus, the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFAA0D5254F97F488" authorityName="Jocque & Scharff" authorityYear="2007" box="[1291,1443,381,402]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Holmelgonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFAA0D5254F97F488" box="[1291,1443,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Holmelgonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains untested (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B20FF9C766CFBBBD5C44F7DF4AB" author="Nzigidahera B & Jocque R" box="[1040,1353,412,434]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref93775" refString="Nzigidahera B, Jocque R. 2014. On the Afrotropical genus Holmelgonia (Araneae, Linyphiidae), with the description of three new species from the Albertine Rift. European Journal of Taxonomy 77: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2014">Nzigidahera & Jocqué 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In our phylogenetic hypothesis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A54FF9C766CFBC8D5E24E91F4D5" box="[1123,1189,442,464]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[145,223,1399,1421]" captionTargetBox="[148,1428,198,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-225@8.[145,1431,195,1359]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Continuation of Figure 2, showing Clade 36." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6967788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6967788/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFB10D5E34F0FF4D5" authorityName="Jocque & Scharff" authorityYear="1986" box="[1211,1339,442,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Holmelgonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFB10D5E34F0FF4D5" box="[1211,1339,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Ho. basalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resulted sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFC19D5814E73F4F4" authorityName="Fage" authorityYear="1936" box="[946,1095,473,494]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Callitrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFC19D5814E73F4F4" box="[946,1095,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Callitrichia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Clade 40), a relationship supported by the presence of a rim at the distal area of the protegulum (Ch 38, synapomorphic) and posterior lateral spinneret with more than three aciniform gland spigots (Ch 116, homoplastic). Since only one
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFC90D62A4E12F792" box="[827,1062,626,648]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFC90D62A49FAF79D" box="[827,974,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Holmelgonia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was represented in our analysis, it is yet premature to decide whether the genus is a monophyletic assemblage sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFB77D6E84F52F7DF" authorityName="Fage" authorityYear="1936" box="[1244,1382,688,709]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Callitrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFB77D6E84F52F7DF" box="[1244,1382,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Callitrichia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or a paraphyletic set of taxa that should in turn require taxonomic actions. Further phylogenetic analyses with a thorough species representation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFAA8D7544FA8F63B" authorityName="Jocque & Scharff" authorityYear="2007" box="[1283,1436,780,801]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Holmelgonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFAA8D7544FA8F63B" box="[1283,1436,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Holmelgonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A58873FF9C766CFC4AD7734E20F65A" box="[993,1044,811,832]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFBD2D7734F2AF625" authorityName="Holm" authorityYear="1962" box="[1145,1310,810,832]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Elgonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFBD2D7734F2AF625" box="[1145,1310,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Ho. nemoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D52FF9C766CFC90D711498BF644" authorityName="Fage" authorityYear="1936" box="[827,959,841,862]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Callitrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFC90D711498BF644" box="[827,959,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Callitrichia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other related taxa, is needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136D1FF9C766CFC90D7D04FA2F6A6" blockId="65.[827,1442,904,956]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFC90D7D049F8F687" box="[827,972,904,925]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097641FF9C766CFC72D7D04E6BF687" box="[985,1119,904,925]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097641FF9C766CFBC2D7D04EEBF687" box="[1129,1247,904,925]" name="Cameroon" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097641FF9C766CFB41D7D04F06F687" box="[1258,1330,904,925]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097641FF9C766CFA96D7D04FABF684" box="[1341,1439,904,926]" name="Burundi" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Burundi</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097641FF9C766CFC90D7FE4993F6A6" box="[827,935,934,956]" name="Tanzania" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097641FF9C766CFC1AD7FE4E39F6A6" box="[945,1037,934,956]" name="Uganda" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097641FF9C766CFBB3D7FF4E50F6A6" box="[1048,1124,935,956]" name="Kenya" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097641FF9C766CFBC4D7FE4EF0F6A6" box="[1135,1220,934,956]" name="Malawi" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097641FF9C766CFB56D7FE4FA6F6A6" box="[1277,1426,934,956]" name="Mozambique" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136D1FF9C766CFC90D7BD4F03F18E" blockId="65.[827,1444,997,1172]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAC3FF9C766CFC90D7BD49CAF6E0" box="[827,1022,997,1018]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="482">Natural history:</emphasis>
|
||
Species of this genus were found in lower vegetation, forest litter and by pitfall traps (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B20FF9C766CFCE8D07A49E6F12D" author="Jocque R" box="[835,978,1058,1080]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" pagination="470 - 492" refId="ref92125" refString="Jocque R. 1981. Erigonid spiders from Malawi (Araneida, Linyphiidae). Revue Zoologique Africaine 95: 470 - 492." type="journal article" year="1981">Jocqué 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B20FF9C766CFC74D07A4ED1F122" author="Jocque R & Scharff N" box="[991,1253,1058,1080]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref92286" refString="Jocque R, Scharff N, 1986. Spiders (Araneae) of the family Linyphiidae from the Tanzanian mountain areas Usambara, Uluguru and Rungwe. Annalen Zoologische Wetenschappen 248: 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1986">Jocqué & Scharff 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B20FF9C766CFB58D07A4FA0F12D" author="Scharff N" box="[1267,1428,1058,1080]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref95039" refString="Scharff N, 1990 a. Spider of the family Linyphiidae from the Uzungwa mountains, Tanzania (Araneae). Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement 36: 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1990">Scharff 1990a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Most species live at high altitude and have small endemic ranges, while some have a wide distribution at midaltitude (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B20FF9C766CFC45D0264F1CF189" author="Nzigidahera B & Jocque R" box="[1006,1320,1150,1172]" pageId="65" pageNumber="482" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref93775" refString="Nzigidahera B, Jocque R. 2014. On the Afrotropical genus Holmelgonia (Araneae, Linyphiidae), with the description of three new species from the Albertine Rift. European Journal of Taxonomy 77: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2014">Nzigidahera & Jocqué 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |