treatments-xml/data/FD/BE/97/FDBE972D277A1C4E83AC0AD4DECF1B2E.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7345e6b-fa55-474e-9b6e-d6b185121541" ID-PMC="PMC7718216" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-168-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" ID-PubMed="33335445" ModsDocID="1314-2003-168-1" checkinTime="1606572050664" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dean, Ellen, Poore, Jennifer, Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio, Nee, Michael H., Kang, Hannah, Starbuck, Thomas, Rodrigues, Annamarie &amp; Conner, Matthew" docDate="2020" docId="FDBE972D277A1C4E83AC0AD4DECF1B2E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 168: 1-333" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 168" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" docTitle="Lycianthes ciliolata (M. Martens &amp; Galeotti) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 410. 1919" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" masterDocTitle="The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala" masterLastPageNumber="333" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668140149145" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Dean, Ellen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">eadean@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Poore, Jennifer</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio Nacional de Identificacion y Caracterizacion Vegetal (LaniVeg), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramon Padilla Sanchez 2100, 45110 Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Nee, Michael H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>26776 US Hwy 14, Richland Center, WI 53581, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kang, Hannah</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Starbuck, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Rodrigues, Annamarie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Conner, Matthew</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>168</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170596509" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FDBE972D277A1C4E83AC0AD4DECF1B2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FDBE972D277A1C4E83AC0AD4DECF1B2E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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11 
<taxonomicName authority="(M. Martens &amp; Galeotti) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 410. 1919" authorityName="(M. Martens &amp; Galeotti) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 410." authorityYear="1919" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes ciliolata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliolata">Lycianthes ciliolata (M.Martens &amp; Galeotti) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 410. 1919</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Image of herbarium specimen of L. ciliolata, Dean 227 (DAV). Image used with permission of the UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480040" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mart &amp; Gal" authorityYear="1845" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ciliolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliolatum">Solanum ciliolatum</taxonomicName>
M.Martens &amp; Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12: 140. 1845. Type: Mexico. Oaxaca: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cordillère">Cordillere</normalizedToken>
orientale 
<normalizedToken originalValue="de’Oaxaca">de'Oaxaca</normalizedToken>
, dans les bois de la Sierra de Capulalpan et de Llano Verde, Rocheu de Castrasana, de 6,000 
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
7,000 pieds, Sep 1840, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. Galeotti 1230</emphasis>
(lectotype designated by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" author="Dean, E" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="385 - 424" refId="B38" refString="Dean, E, 2004. A taxonomic revision of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae (Solanaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (4): 385 - 424, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" title="A taxonomic revision of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" volume="145" year="2004">Dean 2004</bibRefCitation>
pg. 399: BR [000000552873]; isolectotypes: BR [000000552906, 000000552842]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum somniculentum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="somniculentum">Solanum somniculentum</taxonomicName>
Kunze ex Schltdl., Linnaea 19: 306. 1847. Type: Germany. Grown by G. Kunze in the Leipzig Botanical Garden from seed brought from Mexico by C.A. Ehrenberg, 1845, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Kunze s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype designated by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" author="Dean, E" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="385 - 424" refId="B38" refString="Dean, E, 2004. A taxonomic revision of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae (Solanaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (4): 385 - 424, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" title="A taxonomic revision of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" volume="145" year="2004">Dean 2004</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 399: W [acc. # 0074704]; isolectotype: HAL [acc. # 100603]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum andrieuxii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andrieuxii">Solanum andrieuxii</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 165. 1852. Type: Mexico. No exact locality (probably from southern Puebla or Oaxaca), 1832?, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Andrieux 195</emphasis>
(holotype: G-DC [G00145630]; isotype: M [M0171802, mistakenly listed as the holotype in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" author="Dean, E" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="385 - 424" refId="B38" refString="Dean, E, 2004. A taxonomic revision of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae (Solanaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (4): 385 - 424, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" title="A taxonomic revision of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" volume="145" year="2004">Dean (2004)</bibRefCitation>
]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1920" baseAuthorityName="M.Martens &amp; Galeotti" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes ciliolata subsp. var. var. pratorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ciliolata" subSpecies="var." variety="pratorum">Lycianthes ciliolata (M.Martens &amp; Galeotti) Bitter var. pratorum</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 411. 1919. Type: Guatemala. Baja Verapaz: Patal, 1600 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. von Tuerkheim II 2317</emphasis>
(lectotype designated by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" author="Dean, E" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="385 - 424" refId="B38" refString="Dean, E, 2004. A taxonomic revision of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae (Solanaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (4): 385 - 424, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" title="A taxonomic revision of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" volume="145" year="2004">Dean 2004</bibRefCitation>
pg. 399: W [acc. # 9874]; isolectotypes: BR [000000552875], E [E00570142], F [0072905F, acc. # 574699], G [G00343162], MO [acc. # 3834546], NY [00023650], US [00479453]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes mociniana subsp. var. var. andrieuxi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="mociniana" subSpecies="var." variety="andrieuxi">Lycianthes mociniana Dunal var. andrieuxi</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 409. 1919. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum andrieuxii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andrieuxii">Solanum andrieuxii</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes somniculenta" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="somniculenta">Lycianthes somniculenta</taxonomicName>
(Kunze ex Schltdl.) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 411. 1919. Type: Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum somniculentum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="somniculentum">Solanum somniculentum</taxonomicName>
Kunze ex Schltdl.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1920" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes somniculenta subsp. var. var. lanceolata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="somniculenta" subSpecies="var." variety="lanceolata">Lycianthes somniculenta (Kunze ex Schltdl.) Bitter var. lanceolata</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 414. 1919. Type: Mexico. Oaxaca: no exact locality, 1842, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ghiesbrecht 81</emphasis>
(holotype: P [P00070404]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Based on 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mart &amp; Gal" authorityYear="1845" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ciliolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliolatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum ciliolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
M.Martens &amp; Galeotti.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480040" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 28" startId="F28">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 28.</emphasis>
Image of herbarium specimen of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. ciliolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ciliolata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. ciliolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dean 227</emphasis>
(DAV). Image used with permission of the UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Perennial herb from fusiform storage roots, usually erect (0.1) 0.2-0.6 (1 m) tall, dying back each season. Indument of white, uniseriate, multicellular, simple or dendritically branched, eglandular, spreading to appressed trichomes 0.1-1 (1.5) mm long. Stems greenish purple, sparsely to moderately pubescent, usually not much compressed upon drying in a plant press, woody with age, especially at the base of the plant; first stem 5-60 cm long to the first inflorescence, the internodes 4-10 (19); first two sympodial branching points dichasial, followed by monochasial branching, this usually extensive. Leaves simple, those of the upper sympodia usually paired and unequal in size, the larger ones with blades 2-14 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-7 cm, the smaller ones with blades 1/4 to 3/4 (to equal) the size of the larger, the leaf pairs similar in shape, the blades ovate, lanceolate, or elliptic, (rarely obovate), chartaceous, sparsely to moderately pubescent, the primary veins 4-7 on each side of midvein, the base truncate, obtuse, or cuneate, attenuate onto the petiole, often slightly oblique, the margin entire, usually irregularly undulate, the apex acute to acuminate (rarely long-acuminate), the petiole of larger leaves winged and poorly defined, 0.3-2.5 cm long, sometimes absent. Flowers solitary, axillary, oriented horizontally; peduncles absent; pedicels 30-90 mm and erect in flower, (30) 40.5-80 (110) mm long and deflexed in fruit, sparsely to moderately pubescent with spreading to appressed-retrorse trichomes; calyx 2.5-4.5 mm long, (2.5) 3.5-5.5 (6.5) mm in diameter, obconic to campanulate glabrous to moderately pubescent, the margin truncate, with 10 linear, reflexed appendages 3-9 (11) mm long emerging ca. 0.5-1 mm below calyx rim; fruiting calyx enlarged, (1.5) 2-4 (6) mm long, 5-12.5 (14) mm in diameter, the appendages 3-11 mm long, reflexed, often broken; corolla 1.1-2.7 cm long (2.1-5.3 cm in diameter), rotate in orientation, mostly entire in outline (with shallow notches), with abundant interpetalar tissue, lilac, with maroon to purple stripes along the major veins adaxially, green near the major veins abaxially, usually glabrous; stamens unequal, straight, the filaments of three lengths, the two shortest filaments 1(0.5) 1-3.5 (4.25) mm long, the two medium filaments 1-4.5 (5.5) mm long, the one long filament (2) 3-7 (8) mm long, the length of the long filament nearly always 1.8-3 times that of medium filaments (rarely 1.5-1.8 times), glabrous, the anthers (3) 4-6.25 (8) mm long, lanceolate to oblong, free of one another, yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores linear to ovate, usually dehiscing distally or toward the style, not opening into longitudinal slits; pollen grains dicolporate with remnant third pore; pistil with glabrous ovary, the style 9-12 (13) mm long, linear, straight to slightly curved, glabrous, the stigma round to weakly bilobed (in Oaxaca) to very bilobed (in Guatemala). Fruit a berry, remaining attached to calyx at maturity, pendent, 14-39 mm long, (7) 9-22 mm in diameter, ovoid to conic, the exocarp dark purple to rose-colored, glabrous, the mesocarp rose-colored or dark purple, soft and juicy, lacking sclerotic granules, the placental area light purple and powdery. Seeds (8) 30-80 (102) per fruit, 2.9-4.1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-3.9 mm, not compressed, depressed obovate, ridged and blistered along one side, black, the surface reticulum rough in texture with loose serpentine pattern and deep luminae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
2n = 24 from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dean 271, 295</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" author="Dean, E" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="385 - 424" refId="B38" refString="Dean, E, 2004. A taxonomic revision of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae (Solanaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (4): 385 - 424, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" title="A taxonomic revision of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" volume="145" year="2004">Dean 2004</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Mexico (Chiapas, Guanajuato, Oaxaca, Puebla, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Querétaro">Queretaro</normalizedToken>
, San Luis 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
) and Guatemala (Baja Verapaz, Huehuetenango, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Totonicapán">Totonicapan</normalizedToken>
), in oak or oak/pine forest (that may be intermixed with palms, 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juniperus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Juniperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Yucca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Yucca" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Yucca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or in xerophilous scrub in southern Mexico, on slopes, in drainages, in canyons, along paths, and in agricultural fields, on limestone soils, 755-3000 m in elevation (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Map of geographic distribution of L. ciliolata based on herbarium specimen data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480041" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480041" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 29" startId="F29">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 29.</emphasis>
Map of geographic distribution of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. ciliolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ciliolata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. ciliolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on herbarium specimen data.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Flowering specimens have been collected June to October, depending on region. Specimens with mature fruits have been collected between September and November. The first author observed in the field that the corollas are open in the very early morning and closed by late morning. The pollen has a sweet scent. Solitary bees in the genera 
<taxonomicName genus="Thygator" lsidName="Thygator" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thygator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName genus="Pseudoaugochloropsis" lsidName="Pseudoaugochloropsis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudoaugochloropsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
visit this species (
<bibRefCitation author="Dean, E" editor="van den Berg, R" journalOrPublisher="Nijmegen University Press, Nijmegen, The Netherlands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 151" refId="B37" refString="Dean, E, 2001. The post-anthesis floral biology of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae (Solanaceae): variation in filament elongation, anther dehiscence, floral movement, and corolla growth. In: van den Berg, R, Barendse, G, van der Weerden, G, Mariani, C, Eds., Solanaceae V, Advances in Taxonomy and Utilization. Nijmegen University Press, Nijmegen, The Netherlands: 137 - 151" title="The post-anthesis floral biology of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae (Solanaceae): variation in filament elongation, anther dehiscence, floral movement, and corolla growth." volumeTitle="Solanaceae V, Advances in Taxonomy and Utilization." year="2001">Dean 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Mexico. Hoh, yich hoh, yichjoj, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="tintolón">tintolon</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="ma’">ma'</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘u’">'u'</normalizedToken>
dsea nuu jgiaa, u dsea niquia, yich balam, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="guì">gui</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="in-dèm">in-dem</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="ngûd-dèm">ngud-dem</normalizedToken>
, guizh-dam, kuan xille bekue, campanilla, chichi de vaca, chichi de perro, chichi de venado, binduchi, binduchito, rshtisti katya, tronchichi, tonchicho, manzanillo del campo, shashasto, la pera, chile de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="ratón">raton</normalizedToken>
. People eat the fruits of this species in the states of Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. The edible fruits are gathered from wild plants, often from plants growing as volunteers in agricultural fields (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" author="Dean, E" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="385 - 424" refId="B38" refString="Dean, E, 2004. A taxonomic revision of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae (Solanaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (4): 385 - 424, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" title="A taxonomic revision of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" volume="145" year="2004">Dean 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes ciliolata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliolata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes ciliolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widespread species ranging from central Mexico to Guatemala represented by 117 collections and occurring in six protected areas. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2018.2.2340" author="Anguiano-Constante, MA" journalOrPublisher="Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="516 - 529" refId="B3" refString="Anguiano-Constante, MA, Munguia-Lino, G, Ortiz, E, Villasenor, JL, Rodriguez, A, 2018. Riqueza, distribucion geografica y conservacion de Lycianthes serie Meizonodontae (Capsiceae, Solanaceae). Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 89 (2): 516 - 529, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2018.2.2340" title="Riqueza, distribucion geografica y conservacion de Lycianthes serie Meizonodontae (Capsiceae, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2018.2.2340" volume="89" year="2018">Anguiano-Constante et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
provided a preliminary conservation assessment of Least Concern (LC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes ciliolata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliolata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes ciliolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. rzedowskii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rzedowskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. rzedowskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. acapulcensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="acapulcensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. acapulcensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It differs from those species in having lilac rather than white corollas (or the very pale lilac sometimes found in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. rzedowskii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rzedowskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. rzedowskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The pattern of filament lengths can also be useful in separating it from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. rzedowskii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rzedowskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. rzedowskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. ciliolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ciliolata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. ciliolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the longest stamen filament is often more than twice as long as the medium-short filaments, while in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. rzedowskii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rzedowskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. rzedowskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the longest stamen filament is less than twice as long as the medium-short filaments. The lengths of the pedicels of the youngest mature flowers relative to their subtending leaves is often a useful character for separating 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. ciliolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ciliolata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. ciliolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. acapulcensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="acapulcensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. acapulcensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the latter, the length of those pedicels is usually less than that of the subtending leaves, while in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. ciliolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ciliolata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. ciliolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the length of the pedicels generally exceeds that of the leaves (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" author="Dean, E" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="385 - 424" refId="B38" refString="Dean, E, 2004. A taxonomic revision of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae (Solanaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (4): 385 - 424, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" title="A taxonomic revision of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00296.x" volume="145" year="2004">Dean 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Representative specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guatemala. Baja Verapaz</emphasis>
: Patal, 1600 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. von Tuerkheim 2317</emphasis>
(W, BR, E, F, G, MO, NY, US). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Huehuetenango</emphasis>
: Cerro Pixpix, above San Ildefonso, Ixtahuacan, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="15.4675" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="15.4675">15.4675</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="91.8116" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-91.8116">-91.8116</geoCoordinate>
], 1600-200 m, 15 Aug 1942, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.A. Steyermark 50597</emphasis>
(NY no #). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Totonicapán">Totonicapan</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Cerro 
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
Tecum, Sierra Madre Mountains, 10-20 km east of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Totonicapán">Totonicapan</normalizedToken>
, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.8959" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="14.8959">14.8959</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="91.2636" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-91.2636">-91.2636</geoCoordinate>
], 3100-3400 m, 16 Dec 1962, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L.O. Williams 23156</emphasis>
(MO). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mexico. Chiapas</emphasis>
: Col. Carrizal, 700 m al oriente de la Escuela, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.6575" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.6575">16.6575</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="92.6975" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-92.6975">-92.6975</geoCoordinate>
, 2250 m, 6 Jun 1995, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mejía">Mejia</normalizedToken>
429
</emphasis>
(XAL). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guanajuato</emphasis>
: Rancho 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Beltrán">Beltran</normalizedToken>
, 10 km al oeste de Xichu, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.3164" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="21.3164">21.3164</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="100.0987" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-100.0987">-100.0987</geoCoordinate>
], 2000 m, 9 Dec 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Ventura 6473</emphasis>
(XAL). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oaxaca</emphasis>
: Santa 
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
Jaltianguis, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.361" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="17.361">17.361</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="96.5282" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-96.5282">-96.5282</geoCoordinate>
], 7200 ft, 20 Oct 1991, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Dean 295</emphasis>
(DAV, IEB, MEXU). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Puebla</emphasis>
: hills to the SW of the city of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tehuacán">Tehuacan</normalizedToken>
, up dirt road near El Riego, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.4433" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="18.4433">18.4433</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="97.4235" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-97.4235">-97.4235</geoCoordinate>
], 1677 m, 27 Sep 1991, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Dean 272</emphasis>
(DAV). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
San Luis 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Los Aguajitos, 11 km al NE de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guadalcázar">Guadalcazar</normalizedToken>
, hacia Pozo de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Acuña">Acuna</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.625" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="22.625">22.625</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="100.3167" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-100.3167">-100.3167</geoCoordinate>
, 2000 m, 17 Nov 1996, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Torres C. 14874</emphasis>
(MEXU).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>