254 lines
36 KiB
XML
254 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="26DB2E290B6D0C837D5C574E8D744933" ID-CLB-Dataset="35127" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.450.7452" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3fc6ee3-7633-4bf5-9be4-f979ef9810c1" ID-PMC="PMC4233402" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-450-1" ID-PubMed="25408617" ID-ZooBank="6EAFB9611C8C4A88BB84CBCE13CDE663" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-450-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 450" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)" checkinTime="1451245189022" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M. & Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2014" docId="4525E85138AE666C06CE1D09FAFE6EC7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 450: 1-182" docOrigin="ZooKeys 450" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.450.7452" docTitle="Scolytus laricis Blackman 1934" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FFF8FFEDC228FF81FFA4FFBD8B484705" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1701374697345" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="604D865D19AE8995A939BB9E735B7ED0">A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1CBB7E60AD2E5624025BC4AC10BF9043">Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8646160952294D6D90A34A3AF5AFDB99">Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="20814A853A87B65C05FB656EE5A863E1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="36E4732C81CB34BBE1D798BC3123F087">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E2BCAF76201E99C286616D752EBC4CD8">
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<mods:date id="48B7F66909FDAD6049AF2FFDC2C41D5A">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:start id="ED95EA97F156B04C2F722B31436F9249">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="CA46C297BF344ADA9388D6652B7F21D0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A65C32EF9F92A09A6B4485746BB43C4F" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.450.7452</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4525E85138AE666C06CE1D09FAFE6EC7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152056123" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4525E85138AE666C06CE1D09FAFE6EC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4525E85138AE666C06CE1D09FAFE6EC7" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection id="89A2E4A7A6B3F38FB4C1BACABFF5A2EB" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="82096228469D2ACE093373091BBBF81C" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Curculionidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CC2C0BC50D5465A5416F363C47C00172" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A87E5646AF60241CEBA19E8E90821323" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="9D0EF35AD89CC46EBAED8AA82518C020" ID-CoL="4VTKY" authority="Blackman, 1934" authorityName="Blackman" authorityYear="1934" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus laricis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laricis">Scolytus laricis Blackman, 1934</taxonomicName>
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Figs 29, 35
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FB89072CD400A08C7F1C2826C97E299B" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4FDC69D6F2109B9EE004CE036DC919CE" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="46B1C5ED0F2974C7B1FF0648531021A9" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus laricis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laricis">Scolytus laricis</taxonomicName>
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Blackman, 1934: 24.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A29CE8E84EDB4B4D49D42EB606214CF3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="95AF457ECE8367E418B6805679D02DEC" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DFB01326D199F220C0A6A7E69C8A7AA1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="F5BE5E43661B97FBBBB87B8B32F52BBE" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus laricis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laricis">Scolytus laricis</taxonomicName>
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is very morphologically similar to
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<taxonomicName id="7981BA4A5E72B392763BC790E9AADDA5" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="D9CFDD83DA78FA606137D3776D8F1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
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. Males are distinguished from those of
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<taxonomicName id="7A3DB7CF4341EDC4C986E5302405EC77" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
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by the dull appearance of abdominal ventrite 2 and by the frons densely covered by long setae. Males can be distinguished from those of
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<taxonomicName id="3ABC273B5AACF8ACAAC2C57A2EB1143E" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: the base of the ventrite 2 spine extends from the apical margin to three-quarters the length of the segment and host genus. The female is distinguished from that of
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<taxonomicName id="A2E8B182897985F81E23BAAAE8096377" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
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by the dull luster of ventrite 2 and is distinguished from that of
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<taxonomicName id="9AE7174D803857E4F56A5F9EB92C1F45" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
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by the frons moderately and coarsely aciculate-punctate; ventrite 1 rounded over onto surface of ventrite 2, not forming an obtuse angle, and the base of ventrite 2 finely impressed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="18DF0019020F4F55C8E975E8001851D5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description (male)">
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<paragraph id="D725025B96ED405295D35FE259F521C3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Description (male).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="34E376CBE88A05018EF242CCF9BE58C3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">2.3-4.0 mm long (mean = 3.1 mm; n = 15); 1.8-2.5 times as long as wide. Head, pronotum, and abdominal venter dark red-brown to black, elytra and legs light brown, antennae yellow-brown. Pronotum typically darker than elytra.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="69FD3DDFF04C1229FF901232FD2B6742" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Head. Epistoma weakly emarginated; epistomal process present, moderately developed and elevated; median area above mandibles bearing dense patch of long yellow hair-like setae. Frons appearing flattened when viewed laterally from epistoma to vertex, moderately transversely impressed just above epistoma to vertex; strongly, coarsely, longitudinally aciculate-punctate; aciculations converging at epistoma; punctures sparse, large, coarse; moderately to densely uniformly covered by long, fine, yellow, erect, hair-like setae, these longer than width of midpoint of eye. Antennal scape short, elongate; club flattened, irregularly ovoid, setose with partial septum, two arcuate sutures visible.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F81F6637A60586A577BA049F309204E" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Pronotum wider than long; apical margin broadly rounded, median area between eyes lined with scales; sides distinctly arcuate, strongly constricted near apex, forming a weak transverse impression near apical margin; surface smooth, shining, punctures on disc fine, shallow, moderately abundant, larger and more abundant laterally and on apical constriction; apical and anterolateral margins bearing sparse, erect, yellow, hair-like setae; base weakly bisinuate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="88E92BF740B3E7F7BE02ADBE4188C93E" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Elytra with sides sub-parallel on apical half, narrowing to subquadrate, smooth apex; apex moderately emarginated at suture. Margin of apical edge bearing large, coarse punctures. Disc smooth, shining; interstriae not impressed, twice width of striae, punctures uniseriate, smaller than those of striae, bearing minute, recumbent setae length of interstrial punctures (may be abraded); striae weakly impressed. Declivity bearing sparse, short, erect, yellow setae. Metepimeron less than half-length of metanepisternum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE0E6764EDD63F6A981EC1CFFEFEA2F3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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Venter. Apical margin of ventrite 1 rounded, marked by weak carina on ascendant part of venter. Ventrite 2 nearly perpendicular to ventrite 1; surface smooth, shining, finely punctate; punctures small, fine, shallow; covered with sparse setae less than length of segment 3; surface convex; apical margin armed with laterally compressed, median spine with base extending from apical margin to
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<normalizedToken id="BBEA5DE67E7FA66D91A7F2D17D180888" originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
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length of segment, apex rounded, rarely a slightly elevated vertical carina (Oregon: Dixie Pass and Frog Lake) instead of spine; lateral margins of ventrites 2-3 and ventrite 4 unarmed. Ventrite 5 carinate ridge equidistant between basal and apical margins of segment; length of ventrite 5 less than combined lengths of ventrites 3 and 4; setal patch and median depression absent.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="FACF3DC9ECDE32A836D987C2C22279A3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<paragraph id="0973BB912B3796DC22E3AEA92EB2083E" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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Figure 35.
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<taxonomicName id="DCB2C84831662086BA5C888143933C66" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus laricis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laricis">Scolytus laricis</taxonomicName>
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A dorsal male habitus B lateral male habitus C male frons D male frons oblique E male venter F male venter oblique G dorsal female habitus H lateral female habitus I female frons J female frons oblique K female venter L female venter oblique.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2B21E5BC5DA00672576FD57645D23273" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="female">
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<paragraph id="C8B7F02182CEB9B2E8A4080CB3DBEA4E" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="68C95B9C90AE62252057AAB8A61C7DA9" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">2.6-4.0 mm long (mean = 3.2 mm; n = 15); 2.1-2.9 times as long as wide. Similar to male except epistoma feebly emarginated, epistomal process weakly developed, frons convex when viewed laterally, weakly longitudinally aciculate, setae sparser, shorter, less than width of eye; weakly transversely impressed just above epistoma. Second ventrite apical margin armed with a blunted median denticle, with base extending from apical margin to a third length of segment. Ventrite 5 length greater than combined lengths of ventrites 3 and 4.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="698016FD75F4C1BF603FCE786E622406" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph id="139DE21990864A5D11BCF221292F7790" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B6268C3DB1DCE06B49403014CB7591B2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">294.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4ECEF06F475DE4AB58F090505ECFBD44" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="540BCC8D8BAD720687723BD5F1274B4B" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="75E0D032E5ECFC7C5FF78E5BFCCC574B" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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Holotype
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<taxonomicName id="6A658080DBEDBE1D5071435B4E0A882E" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus laricis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laricis">Scolytus laricis</taxonomicName>
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Blackman: male, labeled "[Cedar Mountain, Moscow, ID] Hopk. US 225d, 8636 m [sic!], 6-20-[18]99, Type No. 43839" (USNM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F20C9D2ED0333C9D831D23592D352FB1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="non-type material">
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<paragraph id="305017383C0B57F1F79A56F76F174188" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Non-type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="296275792F35CDED8D7A5A3A67E03C1C" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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CANADA:BRITISH COLUMBIA: Canoe, 12.VII.1933, A. Thrupp, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="63A0C14EA171283C2F6FD96A8BD0842C" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
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(CASC-3). Rossland, 21.IX.[19]61, D.E. Bright, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="E151387D4BA3626E63D1C7457227D06E" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix laricina" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laricina">Larix laricina</taxonomicName>
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(CNCI-2). UNITED STATES:IDAHO:Boundary Co.: [Idaho Panhandle National Forest], Robinson Creek campground,
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<geoCoordinate id="CEFFC5D23E1DE7BB1B5333940A1940DC" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="48.96995">N48°58.197'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="192D57AA34265BF5E7C98F4EB4344011" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-116.2178">W116°13.068'</geoCoordinate>
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, 2748 ft, 10.VIII.2010, S.M. Smith, [A.R. Gillogly], ex.
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<taxonomicName id="2E3A7114F6E5B1F19F88ECBCDCC5E753" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
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, emerged II.2011, M.M. Furniss (MSUC-94). Clearwater Co.: Elk River, V.1981, M.M. Furniss, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="0CF35D94F24DF23AA1C9CDA3E78B60DE" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
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(WFBM-17), VII.1981 (WFBM-11). Elk River, 13 mi S.W., Hopk. U.S. 60361-A, 23.IV.1975, M.M. Furniss, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="5ABA1ED41C0CEA98ACE61B9199821CA3" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
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(WFBM-4). Idaho Co.: Salmon Mountain, 18.VIII.1985, M.M. Furniss, J.B. Johnson, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="C9C294FD49FA24146870D8E4EFB0C6DD" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix lyalli" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyalli">Larix lyalli</taxonomicName>
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(WFBM-29). Kootenai Co.: Coeur
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<normalizedToken id="DEBA6C37EB59BD3BD51182521FBE35F2" originalValue="d’Alene">d'Alene</normalizedToken>
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, Hopk. U.S. 16306-B, 2.VIII.1919, J.C. Evenden, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="7809D1FC7A7194EBACF764299D55A6A0" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
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(WFBM-9), 8.VIII.1919 (MSUC-11). Deception Creek Experimental Forest, Hopk. U.S. 58889-A, 10.VII.1968, M.M. Furniss (OSAC-4), Hopk. U.S. 53376, 11.VII.1968 (WFBM-2), Hopk. U.S. 60320, 25.VII.1968, (OSAC-2), Hopk. U.S. 50421-B,C, 1.VII.1975 (OSAC-2), Hopk. U.S. 60356, 30.VII.[19]68, M.M. Furniss, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="72E0AEF33AEFED1A8FAB6746AD746207" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
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(WFBM-6). Latah Co.: Moscow, 2.VIII.1930, 2560 ft, P. Rice, ex. trap (WFBM-1). Moscow Mountain, Hopk. U.S. 53632-F, 23.VI.1964, M.M. Furniss, ex. in flight (WFBM-1), Hopk. U.S. 60421-A, 1.VII.1975 (OSAC-1). MONTANA:Missoula Co: Missoula, 35 mi N.W., 3.XI.[19]65, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="53173E4D9C8356E5850E05D818B540DB" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-2). Nine Mile Creek, Hopk. U.S. 48830, 3.XI.1965, M.M. Furniss, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98AD9998CD191A4E21B6A9BB46993CA6" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-2, OSAC-1). Ravalli Co.: [Bitterroot Mountains], Trapper Peak, 2.X.[19]88, M.M. Furniss, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD21CA05AC93D284402E0CD6B1076D3E" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix lyalli" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyalli">Larix lyalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-3). [Unspecified County]: Libby, 60 mi S.E., 30.VI.[19]72, D.E. Bright, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B351CAA3F4B7244092DC5F0D2121A0C4" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix laricina" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laricina">Larix laricina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CNCI-7). OREGON:Crook Co.: Summit Prairie, 12.VI.1940, Schuh, Scott, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BEEE34DCAF5241DE909A76F3C7D2E15" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CNCI-3, EMEC-2). [Grant Co.]: Dixie Pass, Malheur National Forest, 23.VI.1961, S.L. Wood, J.B. Karren, D.E. Bright, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B582DB4CD2FADBDDADF3BF9359A650B3" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CNCI-6, USNM-6). Jefferson Co.: Camp Sherman, T.O. Thatcher, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF0FC2A9191D9DA868FA882ED2F49D1D" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix lyalli" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyalli">Larix lyalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
limbs (CSUC-10), 9.VII.[19]66, [L. Edson], ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C43B513D6B9F143B45DB35D94EBD5C9E" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix lyalli" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyalli">Larix lyalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CNCI-2). Suttle Lake, 4 mi N., 25.VII.1939, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A1A1A66F9BC3F0EEC06D50CB3D1DF93" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix lyalli" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyalli">Larix lyalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CSUC-1); 28.VII.1939, F. Grey, J. Schuh, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="937E14804F92C9692BFF6450C1521519" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CASC-1, FMNH-6, MSUC-1, OSAC-14), W.J. Chamberlin, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23EB330505DF6B7649DA239F80DEF741" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix lyalli" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyalli">Larix lyalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
(EMEC-7, WFBM-3). Suttle Lake, 4 mi W., 15.VIII.1939, Schuh, Scott (MSUC-1). [Marion Co.]: Clear Lake, 17.VIII.[19]51, R. Kangur, ex. larch [=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8101269BC8C443CEBCCF7FE0A089AAA" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Larix</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.] (EMEC-4, WFBM-2). [Umatilla Co.]: Tollgate, 28.X.1948, C. Chastain, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="413DF5B5821D1E1D1D4204EE209C2E5E" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(EMEC-1). [Wasco Co.]: [Mount Hood National Forest] Frog Lake [campground], 4S9 E17, 2.VIII.1951, R. Kangur (CNCI-3). WASHINGTON:Okanogan Co.: Disautel, 4.XI.1936, R.L. Furniss, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76ADD8F33847FBF1159AF79D2DFFBF63" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OSAC-3). [Pend Oreille Co.]: Metaline Falls, Hopk. U.S. 19905, 20.VII.1930, D. DeLeon, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57D505CE09764A8B7CC8F7188A6FC93D" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OSAC-2, WFBM-1). [Stevens Co.]: Northport, 18.VII.1929, R. Hopping (OSAC-1). [Unspecified County]: Mount Adams, 7000 ft, Hopk. U.S. 53359-C, 2.VIII.1968, M.M. Furniss, ex. on snowfield (WFBM-1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="154B7FED30E0BDFF4C2F6CCCD7ED62C2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="957A9A9C7914EFD59034C3094A184742" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B40403ECFC9D71749A0A2A16A785F233" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">CANADA: British Columbia. UNITED STATES: Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington (Fig. 36).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D8E96CE2D0000FA1B7D74C6508BAC0C8" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="EBB0E56640C86E6828619760A7508E01" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Figure 36.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="902B4A42FBFC6455F18EFAB23FC2E9D7" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus laricis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laricis">Scolytus laricis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8DBF0563B4E9826DE034F7BA5EEC89D8" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus tsugae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsugae">Scolytus tsugae</taxonomicName>
|
||
distribution map.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="64B4E62879F9EA0E1237CFD9BE974B35" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="hosts">
|
||
<paragraph id="5892015DABDE191080641B694ACE8C14" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Hosts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2100D78B3EF0BA66BC8B7AC51E97CC" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE991B257559BDF0712AE45FCC230B7C" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nutt. (western larch) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71275510966CD0BE26928769B1470FF6" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix lyalli" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyalli">Larix lyalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
Parl. (subalpine larch).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3168E7E44D3C04A1F598B93C90F2C74D" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E3B7532ED0F0EB2EEDE9B3196D9D4C4" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="27E916570C5DF5B2793779EBDA9494D5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C66B87AE2AC2CDB372D1C3D5EF8298A1" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus laricis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laricis">Scolytus laricis</taxonomicName>
|
||
prefers to colonize suppressed lower limbs of its host and fresh slash.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="42926013BD02866DE11853AD7D4C4F10" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The adult gallery is parallel to the grain of the wood and consists of two egg galleries and a central nuptial chamber (Fig. 24). The central nuptial chamber extends at a right angle to the rest of the gallery and opposite the nuptial chamber is a rounded turning niche. This gives the central part of the gallery an ovoid appearance that is different from all other Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64A65C15A723A379A97602710CC039A8" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scolytus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Egg galleries are extended parallel to the grain of the wood. The adult gallery scores the sapwood more deeply than the cambium, and ranges in length from 6.4-11.5 cm. The female constructs widely spaced egg niches on both sides of each egg gallery. Larval mines extend against the grain of wood and gradually diverge before terminating at pupation chambers that deeply score the sapwood (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A71858C3DF98508BA78ECAEBA78F0BA" author="Edson, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished thesis, Humboldt State College, California" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="An annotated and illustrated key to the species of the genus Scolytus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacking coniferous trees of the Nearctic region." year="1967">Edson 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92108C6B98BF5E2701467CDAEF7F541C" author="Furniss, MM" journalOrPublisher="University of Idaho, Moscow" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" title="Field guide to the bark beetles of Idaho and adjacent regions." year="2002">Furniss and Johnson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There is one generation per year and broods overwinter as larvae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CEC51CB40D8FE811BBF0A85C160BB11A" author="Furniss, MM" journalOrPublisher="University of Idaho, Moscow" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" title="Field guide to the bark beetles of Idaho and adjacent regions." year="2002">Furniss and Johnson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3044FF4FEC5F20D22C33DA612B34102C" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="collection notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="C30DE656946E537102C44FBD439595D6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Collection notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F8C4E19EF5F9274B0AB25BEB243FD91" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAF5E8F6254016750CD4FA4C1335E74F" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus laricis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laricis">Scolytus laricis</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected four times by the senior author and each time specimens were collected from fresh broken branches that were less than 5.0 cm in diameter with bright green needles. Specimens were also collected from a fallen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0FB76AD09565FA35135CFF86EF95CABB" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
of 15.0 cm DBH.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B53A87EB1995A71D567E0E7F25FCC488" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC08767E31535CD97BE21F822F9337DD" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="56B0003E74D307577AF352CBD6B24C37" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676A00D424A6DA295AF0CFFAA0246593" author="Furniss, MM" journalOrPublisher="University of Idaho, Moscow" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" title="Field guide to the bark beetles of Idaho and adjacent regions." year="2002">Furniss and Johnson (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that specimens collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7F51400190B94D1863E5E5B4AB8AFD32" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix lyalli" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyalli">Larix lyalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
create a different gallery structure than those collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AECBE47E1751F3CCB91897BF739548F6" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M.M. Furniss pers. comm.). The galleries on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AC8F737AE716AEB094F335FAD84CFC01" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix lyalli" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyalli">Larix lyalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
are "shorter, less uniform, and with the entrance chamber often extended a short distance to the sides of the gallery" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D2766C2FED8628E844777BF0B312944A" author="Furniss, MM" journalOrPublisher="University of Idaho, Moscow" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" title="Field guide to the bark beetles of Idaho and adjacent regions." year="2002">Furniss and Johnson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Specimens from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A1E1DF7220DC396736E015B084ECD015" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix lyalli" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyalli">Larix lyalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
could not be collected during the coarse of our investigation. We noticed slight morphological variation among some populations but were unable to determine if the differences represent species limits. Further study is needed to address this question.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4159B133D978822C6A036E2571708CCE" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="6ABA6CD0E9F312E5AFEC24FC1850BEA6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||
holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B01A58C2FBC306B2130F96CCE1483D9" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus laricis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laricis">Scolytus laricis</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not bear a locality label.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="026841C15626B0327169FEAEE1F096ED" author="Blackman, MW" journalOrPublisher="US Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" title="A revisional study of the genus Scolytus Geoffroy (Eccoptogaster Herbst) in North America." volume="431" year="1934">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7920405AEBB3C86A37BA3BE0D25AD6B6" originalValue="Blackman’s">Blackman's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1934)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description states A.D. Hopkins collected the holotype on Cedar Mountain near Moscow, Idaho. Numerous collectors listed in the material examined reported this species as collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3242F02DDE3D48EEE2F710EC2945699" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix lyalli" order="Pinales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyalli">Larix lyalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Oregon. This host species occurs east of the Cascade Range in the Wenatchee Mountains in Washington and is not known to occur in Oregon (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0D2D6F7B00AF030FCE76005BE3B786E" author="Burns, RM" journalOrPublisher="Forest Service United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Handbook" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 675" title="Silvics of North America, Volume 1, Conifers." volume="654" year="1990">Burns and Honkala 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is probable that the host species for these specimens was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C2CF1CAD159207AD19C0011634D00F" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Larix occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |