322 lines
25 KiB
XML
322 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.797.29138" ID-GBIF-Dataset="490dbda4-d7c5-487f-acff-246b2759b135" ID-PMC="PMC6255883" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-797-87" ID-PubMed="30505163" ID-ZBK="973DB75A43AF4ED4A77437993EE23613" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-797-87" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 797" ModsDocTitle="Descriptions of four new species of Bactrocera and new country records highlight the high biodiversity of fruit flies in Vietnam (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacinae)" checkinTime="1542678002623" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Leblanc, Luc, Doorenweerd, Camiel, Jose, Michael San, Pham, Hong Thai & Rubinoff, Daniel" docDate="2018" docId="0BFB1C43011654B34ECFB68AEEC6DCB0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 797: 87-115" docOrigin="ZooKeys 797" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.797.29138" docTitle="Bactrocera (Parazeugodacus) clarifemur Leblanc & Doorenweerd, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="22A6F281-868E-4FC5-9959-545E5F8BCBCE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="F6775A61FF94FFCFFF81FFF4FFF4151C" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of four new species of Bactrocera and new country records highlight the high biodiversity of fruit flies in Vietnam (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacinae)" masterLastPageNumber="115" masterPageNumber="87" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1542678002623" originalUpdateUser="pensoft" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1668166445563" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Descriptions of four new species of Bactrocera and new country records highlight the high biodiversity of fruit flies in Vietnam (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Leblanc, Luc</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Doorenweerd, Camiel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jose, Michael San</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pham, Hong Thai</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rubinoff, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>797</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>87</mods:start>
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<mods:end>115</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.797.29138</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.797.29138</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-797-87</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">973DB75A43AF4ED4A77437993EE23613</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">973DB75A43AF4ED4A77437993EE23613</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="149736206" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:22A6F281-868E-4FC5-9959-545E5F8BCBCE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0BFB1C43011654B34ECFB68AEEC6DCB0" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/22A6F281-868E-4FC5-9959-545E5F8BCBCE" authority="Leblanc & Doorenweerd" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera (Parazeugodacus) clarifemur" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarifemur" subGenus="Parazeugodacus">Bactrocera (Parazeugodacus) clarifemur Leblanc & Doorenweerd</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="12" pageNumber="99">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="99" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="99">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="99">
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Male. Labelled: "Vietnam: Thừa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Thiên–Hu">Thien-Hu</normalizedToken>
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ế Province,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cát">Cat</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tiên">Tien</normalizedToken>
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NP,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.448">11.4480N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.3826">107.3826E</geoCoordinate>
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, 14-18-x-2015, M. San Jose and D. Rubinoff, FF540, zingerone lure, molecular voucher ms6176". Deposited in UHIM. Paratypes: 48 males. Vietnam, Thừa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Thiên-Hu">Thien-Hu</normalizedToken>
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ế Province, Bạch
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mã">Ma</normalizedToken>
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National Park, 6-8-x-2015, at the following sites, identified by their geographical coordinates:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.2279">16.2279N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.8557">107.8557E</geoCoordinate>
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, (1 in ethanol, molecular voucher ms6191),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.1943">16.1943N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.849">107.8490E</geoCoordinate>
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, (2 in ethanol, including molecular voucher ms6194),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.2006">16.2006N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.8481">107.8481E</geoCoordinate>
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, (1 pinned). Vietnam,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lâm">Lam</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Đ">Đ</normalizedToken>
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ồng Province,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cát">Cat</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tiên">Tien</normalizedToken>
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National Park, 14-18-x-2015, at the following sites, identified by their geographical coordinates:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.492">11.4920N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.3855">107.3855E</geoCoordinate>
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, (7 pinned),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4867">11.4867N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.3834">107.3834E</geoCoordinate>
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, (1 in ethanol, molecular voucher ms6175),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4764">11.4764N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.3817">107.3817E</geoCoordinate>
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, (2 in ethanol, including molecular voucher ms6249),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4715">11.4715N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.3809">107.3809E</geoCoordinate>
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, (2 in ethanol),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.448">11.4480N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.3826">107.3826E</geoCoordinate>
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, (1 in ethanol, molecular voucher ms6176),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4436">11.4436N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.3925">107.3925E</geoCoordinate>
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, (8 in ethanol),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4412">11.4412N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.4026">107.4026E</geoCoordinate>
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, (3 pinned),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4419">11.4419N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.408">107.4080E</geoCoordinate>
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, (1 in ethanol, molecular voucher ms6177),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4394">11.4394N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.4241">107.4241E</geoCoordinate>
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, (5 pinned and 2 in ethanol, including molecular vouchers ms6094 and ms6095, in ethanol),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4531">11.4531N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.3557">107.3557E</geoCoordinate>
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, (1 in ethanol),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4486">11.4486N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.3584">107.3584E</geoCoordinate>
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, (1 in ethanol),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4564">11.4564N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.3686">107.3686E</geoCoordinate>
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, (1 in ethanol),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4381">11.4381N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.4267">107.4267E</geoCoordinate>
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, (1 in ethanol),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4398">11.4398N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.429">107.4290E</geoCoordinate>
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, (1 in ethanol),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4539">11.4539N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.443">107.4430E</geoCoordinate>
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, (4 pinned),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4485">11.4485N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.4416">107.4416E</geoCoordinate>
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, (3 pinned);
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.4472">11.4472N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.4392">107.4392E</geoCoordinate>
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, (1 pinned). All specimens collected by Michael San Jose and Daniel Rubinoff in zingerone baited traps. All paratypes are deposited at UHIM, except five at WFBM and three at VNMN.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="99" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="99">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera clarifemur" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarifemur">Bactrocera clarifemur</taxonomicName>
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(Figure 9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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) is genetically and morphologically closely related to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. pendleburyi" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="pendleburyi">B. pendleburyi</taxonomicName>
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(Perkins) (Figure 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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). Both share the defining characters of subgenus
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<taxonomicName lsidName="(Parazeugodacus)" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Parazeugodacus">Parazeugodacus</taxonomicName>
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(two pairs of scutellar setae; male with lateral pecten on tergum III (though present or absent in different species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Parazeugodacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parazeugodacus" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parazeugodacus</taxonomicName>
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according to
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<bibRefCitation author="Hancock, DL" journalOrPublisher="Australian Entomologist" pageId="19" pageNumber="106" pagination="91 - 104" title="A review of the Indo-Australian subgenus Parazeugodacus Shiraki of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae)." volume="42" year="2015">Hancock and Drew 2015</bibRefCitation>
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), a slight concavity on posterior margin of abdominal sternum V, and posterior lobe of male surstylus short), as well as the absence of medial postsutural vitta and the entirely yellow scutellum.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera clarifemur" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarifemur">Bactrocera clarifemur</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. pendleburyi" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="pendleburyi">B. pendleburyi</taxonomicName>
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in that all femora are entirely fulvous (Figure 9G), whereas apices of all femora in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. pendleburyi" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="pendleburyi">B. pendleburyi</taxonomicName>
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are apically broadly dark (Figure 10E).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="100" type="molecular diagnostics">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="100" start="start">Molecular</pageBreakToken>
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diagnostics.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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This species was referred to as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bactrocera</taxonomicName>
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sp 70 and is a close relative yet distinctly monophyletic sister to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. (Parazeugodacus) pendleburyi" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="pendleburyi" subGenus="Parazeugodacus">B. (Parazeugodacus) pendleburyi</taxonomicName>
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, in the
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<bibRefCitation author="San Jose, M" journalOrPublisher="Austral Entomology" pageId="20" pageNumber="107" url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.001" year="2018">San Jose et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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seven-gene phylogeny. Based on COI sequence data the two species are in two monophyletic clusters, with one exception. We found an aberrant COI haplotype from specimen (ms6095) that groups with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. pendleburyi" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="pendleburyi">B. pendleburyi</taxonomicName>
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in ML analysis, though at a minimum of 2.66 % pairwise genetic distance from any of the other specimens (Figure 8). Morphologically, specimen ms6095 fits with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. clarifemur" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="clarifemur">B. clarifemur</taxonomicName>
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(Figure 9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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). We sequenced an additional nuclear gene to confirm the genetic distinction. Based on EF1a sequences, both species, with specimens from the same localities, were separated in monophyletic groups with a minimum pairwise distance of 1.35 %. A haplotype network of COI sequences further shows that specimen ms6095 is relatively distantly related to both and may eventually be found to represent a cryptic species. The nearest neighbor to both
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. pendleburyi" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="pendleburyi">B. pendleburyi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. clarifemur" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="clarifemur">B. clarifemur</taxonomicName>
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is
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. abbreviata" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="abbreviata">B. abbreviata</taxonomicName>
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at 6.91 % minimum intraspecific pairwise distance in COI.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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Figure 8. Maximum likelihood trees and haplotype network based on COI (A) and EF1a (B) sequences of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. clarifemur" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="clarifemur">B. clarifemur</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and several of its genetically closest neighbors. C displays a TCS haplotype network, with notches on the connections to indicate mutations, based on COI data of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. clarifemur" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="clarifemur">B. clarifemur</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. pendleburyi" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="pendleburyi">B. pendleburyi</taxonomicName>
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and shows that specimen ms6095 is relatively distantly related from all others. Bootstrap branch supports shown for intraspecific relationships. Abbreviation: HT holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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Figure 9.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera (Hemigymnodacus) clarifemur" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarifemur" subGenus="Hemigymnodacus">Bactrocera (Hemigymnodacus) clarifemur</taxonomicName>
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. A head B head and scutum C, D, E abdomen variation F wing G lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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Figure 10.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera (Hemigymnodacus) pendleburyi" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pendleburyi" subGenus="Hemigymnodacus">Bactrocera (Hemigymnodacus) pendleburyi</taxonomicName>
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. A head B head and scutum C abdomen D wing E lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Description of adult.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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Head (Figure 9A). Vertical length 1.40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.13 (SE) (1.20-1.55) mm. Frons, of even width, length 1.32
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.06 (1.22-1.43) times as long as broad; fulvous with usually fuscous spot around orbital setae and on anteromedial hump; latter covered by short
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<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||
hairs; orbital setae dark fuscous: one pair of superior and two pairs of inferior fronto-orbital setae present; lunule yellow. Ocellar triangle black. Vertex fuscous. Face fulvous with medium sized oval black spots in each antennal furrow; length 0.47
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.04 (0.40-0.53) mm. Genae fulvous, with fuscous sub-ocular spot;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||
seta present. Occiput dark fuscous and yellow along eye margins; occipital row with 5-7 dark setae. Antennae with segments 1 (scape) and 2 (pedicel) fulvous and segment 3 (first flagellomere) fulvous with pale fuscous on outer surface; a strong
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||
dorsal seta on segment 2; arista black (fulvous basally); length of segments: 0.21
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.02 (0.18-0.23) mm; 0.24
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.01 (0.23-0.25) mm; 0.62
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.05 (0.53-0.68) mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
|
||
Thorax (Figure 9B, G). Scutum black and frequently
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||
below lateral postsutural vittae. Pleural areas black and usually narrowly
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||
on anterior corner and frequently posterior corner of proepisternum anterior to postpronotal lobes. Yellow markings as follows: postpronotal lobes; notopleura (notopleural callus); medium sized mesopleural (anepisternal) stripe, reaching anterior margin of notopleura dorsally, continuing to katepisternum as a transverse spot, anterior margin slightly convex; anatergite (posterior apex black); anterior 60 % of katatergite (remainder black); two moderately broad and short postsutural vittae, tapering posteriorly and ending a short distance behind anterior intra-alar setae. Postnotum black. Scutellum yellow except for narrow black basal band. Setae (number of pairs): 2 scutellar; 1 prescutellar; 1 intra-alar; 1 posterior supra-alar; 1 anterior supra-alar; 1 mesopleural; 1 notopleural; 4 scapular; all setae well developed and black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Legs (Figure 9G). Femora entirely fulvous; fore and hind tibiae dark fuscous, mid tibia basally dark fuscous and apically becoming fulvous; mid-tibiae each with an apical black spur; tarsi fulvous.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="101" start="start">Wings</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Figure 9F). Length 4.68
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.35 (4.22-5.00) mm; basal costal (bc) and costal (c) cells colorless; microtrichia in outer corner of cell c only; remainder of wings colorless except fuscous subcostal cell, very narrow light fuscous costal band confluent with R2+3, not widened apically and ending just slightly past the extremity of R4+5; anal streak absent; dense aggregation of microtrichia around A1 + CuA2; supernumerary lobe of medium development.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="15" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="102" start="start">Abdomen</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Figure 9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Oval; terga free; pecten present on tergum III; posterior lobe of surstylus short; abdominal sternum V with a slight concavity on posterior margin. Tergum I and sterna I and II wider than long. Tergum I dark fuscous with a narrow transverse fulvous band across posterior margin but not reaching lateral margins; tergum II dark fuscous with a transverse posterior fulvous band which just reaches the narrow black posterolateral corners; tergum III dark fuscous; terga
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–V">IV-V</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="orange–brown">orange-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||
with broad
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="103" start="start">medial</pageBreakToken>
|
||
dark fuscous band reaching the apex of abdomen and broad lateral dark fuscous bands narrowed in apical half of tergum V.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Orange–brown">Orange-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||
markings and medial band frequently extended to apical portion of tergum III. Ceromata (shining spots) on tergum V
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="orange–brown">orange-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||
and indistinct. Abdominal sterna dark, except for fuscous sternite II.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="103">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="103">The name is an adjective that refers to the absence of dark markings on the femora.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="103" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="103">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="103">
|
||
The characters distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. clarifemur" pageId="16" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="clarifemur">B. clarifemur</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. pendleburyi" pageId="16" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="pendleburyi">B. pendleburyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
were noted as variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. pendleburyi" pageId="16" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="pendleburyi">B. pendleburyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Drew, RAI" journalOrPublisher="CABI, Wallingford" pageId="19" pageNumber="106" title="Tropical fruit flies of South-East Asia." year="2013">Drew and Romig (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, genetic evidence hereby confirms that they indicate distinct species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |