235 lines
25 KiB
XML
235 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="06879468F4B0B187DA4D98450C4BE002" ID-CLB-Dataset="99508" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6419781" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37ddff76-af79-4681-a698-fc8f6a58bc6c" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6419781" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1600874096722" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A637439153FFEFE4D8C8852D71AC5E" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Mormoopidae_424.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteronotus davyi J. E. Gray 1838" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="438" masterDocId="FF9F4F3B9157FFEBE472C9232F51A072" masterDocTitle="Mormoopidae" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="424" pageNumber="438" updateTime="1698845891737" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8DF4DA0BED98BB6A83E8693DD3C292C1">
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<mods:title id="F16DA92EAD2387FBFABBAD977E3E1033">Mormoopidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FCDD2EB3C7264F66B255094F0C77909E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D23753F4C37D1EE86F79EAD0F6822FB7">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="72ACFFCE3D9A93A5C9588F175B43E226">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="CD83D7920448741622CCFBC8E9FA700D">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="9C6F11F156D78083A459D67A453489C1" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="E73E947DD54737A286CD62DEAB4FF6E2">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="197C2AD5A32D361651AEEC564FE47278">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="41EEFF3E4F314A660A58C0B8E08AE863">
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<mods:title id="D18F71219E65C267AEF17391C2CC49CA">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="DA3FCBF268E5DF014F5FC8BA01AF4968">424</mods:start>
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<treatment id="03A637439153FFEFE4D8C8852D71AC5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419783" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197821902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6419783" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A637439153FFEFE4D8C8852D71AC5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A637439153FFEFE4D8C8852D71AC5E" lastPageNumber="438" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4D8C8852F9BA1AA" box="[170,202,422,472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4D8C8852F9BA1AA" blockId="4.[167,1172,422,552]" box="[170,202,422,472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<heading id="D0F831399153FFEFE4D8C8852F9BA1AA" box="[170,202,422,472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<figureCitation id="13349AD09153FFEFE4D8C8852F9BA1AA" box="[170,202,422,472]" captionStart="Plate 34: Mormoopidae" captionStartId="3.[148,178,3292,3317]" captionTargetBox="[14,2785,14,3657]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="1. Antllean Ghost-faced Bat (Mormoops blainuviller), 2. Peters’s Ghostfaced Bat (Mormoops megalophylla), 3. Davy’s Naked-backed Bat (Pteronotus davyi), 4. Thomas's Naked-backed Bat (Pteronotus fulvus), 5. Big Naked-backed Bat (Pteronotus gymnonotus), 6. Macleay’s Mustached Bat (Pleronotus macleayii), 7. Sooty Mustached Bat (Pleronotus quadridens), 8. Wagner's Lesser Mustached Bat (Pteronotus personatus), 9. Dobson’s Lesser Mustached Bat (Pteronotus psilotis), 10. Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus parnellii), 11. Hispaniolan Common Mustached Bat (Preronotus pusillus), 12. Puerto Rican Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus portoricensis), 13. Mexican Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus mexicanus), 14. Mesoamerican Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus mesoamericanus), 15. Allen’s Common Mustached Bat (Pleronotus fuscus), 16. Paraguana Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus paraguanensis), 17. Womurs Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus rubiginosus), 18. Amazonian Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus alitonus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419849/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">3.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4A9C8852DB5A1AA" box="[219,740,422,472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4A9C8852DB5A1AA" blockId="4.[167,1172,422,552]" box="[219,740,422,472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<heading id="D0F831399153FFEFE4A9C8852DB5A1AA" box="[219,740,422,472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B9153FFEFE4A9C8852DB5A1AA" box="[219,740,422,472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Davy’s Naked-backed Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE755C8852B1FA1AA" box="[807,1102,422,472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE755C8852B1FA1AA" blockId="4.[167,1172,422,552]" box="[807,1102,422,472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<heading id="D0F831399153FFEFE755C8852B1FA1AA" box="[807,1102,422,472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE755C8852B1FA1AA" ID-CoL="7WP93" ID-ENA="94956" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[807,1102,422,472]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davyi">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE755C8852B1FA1AA" box="[807,1102,422,472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Pteronotus davyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4DBC8C92DF6A254" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4DBC8C92BC2A18D" blockId="4.[167,1172,422,552]" box="[169,1171,490,511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<heading id="D0F831399153FFEFE4DBC8C92BC2A18D" box="[169,1171,490,511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE4DBC8C92FA4A18D" bold="true" box="[169,245,490,511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B9153FFEFE48CC8C92EE8A18D" box="[254,441,490,511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Ptéronote de Davy</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE5BFC8C92D79A18D" bold="true" box="[461,552,490,511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B9153FFEFE640C8C92C05A18D" box="[562,852,490,511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Davy-Nacktrlickenfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE71BC8C92C95A18D" bold="true" box="[873,964,490,511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B9153FFEFE7BCC8C92BC2A18D" box="[974,1171,490,511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Pteronotus de Davy</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4DACB322DF6A254" blockId="4.[167,1172,422,552]" box="[168,679,529,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<heading id="D0F831399153FFEFE4DACB322DF6A254" box="[168,679,529,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE4DACB322EF1A254" bold="true" box="[168,416,529,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B9153FFEFE5D8CB322DF6A254" box="[426,679,529,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Lesser Naked-backed Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE77CCB7B2C2FA2B6" blockId="4.[777,1375,600,1023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE77CCB7B2C09A2EE" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="reference_group">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE77CCB7B2CFBA207" bold="true" box="[782,938,600,629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE7B1CB7B2C09A2EE" ID-CoL="7WP93" authority="J. E. Gray, 1838" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davyi">Pteronotus davyi J. E. Gray, 1838</taxonomicName>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE71ECBA02C2FA2B6" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="materials_examined">
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<materialsCitation id="3B678C089153FFEFE71ECBA02C2FA2B6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863927309" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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“Trimidad [Island],”
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE0EECBA02C2BA2B6" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</subSubSection>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE77BCBE92B83A549" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE77BCBE92B83A549" blockId="4.[777,1375,600,1023]" lastBlockId="4.[167,1377,1030,3116]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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J. D. Smith in 1972 recognized three subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE7D6CBD52B5FA361" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[932,1038,758,787]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davyi">P. davyi</taxonomicName>
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: P. d.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE01ACBD52BFDA361" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[1128,1196,758,787]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davyi">davyi</taxonomicName>
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, P. d. fulvus, and P. d. incae. Molecular and morphometric studies have shown that P. davy: represents a species complex, supporting elevation of fulvus to a distinct species. Hence,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE7FACA982CA9A3AA" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[904,1016,955,984]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="davyi">P davyi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248E73C9153FFEFE078CA982BEEA3AA" box="[1034,1215,955,984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
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occurs in coastal lowlands of
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE05ACAFD2BE8A38D" box="[1064,1209,990,1023]" name="Venezuela" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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and in the Lesser Antilles, and as an isolated population in
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE718CD252CFCA455" box="[874,941,1030,1063]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Peru</collectingCountry>
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; its distribution might extend to
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE4A2CD0E2E08A43C" box="[208,345,1069,1102]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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and northward to
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE61ECD0E2C51A43C" box="[620,768,1069,1102]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE739CD0E2C8DA43C" box="[843,988,1069,1102]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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, but phylogenetic status of these populations has not been assessed.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE699CD772CEEA407" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[747,959,1108,1141]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davyi">Pteronotus davyi</taxonomicName>
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seems uncommon in Central America, and no extant populations are known in
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE714CDA72C89A4EF" box="[870,984,1156,1181]" name="Panama" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Panama</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE795CDA72B03A4EF" box="[999,1106,1156,1181]" name="Guyana" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE013CDA72BBBA4EF" box="[1121,1258,1156,1181]" name="Suriname" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Suriname</collectingCountry>
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, French
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE4DBCD8F2E44A4B7" box="[169,277,1196,1221]" name="Guyana" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE51ACD8F2EEBA4B7" box="[360,442,1196,1221]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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. Occurrence records in north-eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE797CD8F2B65A4B7" box="[997,1076,1196,1221]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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were erroneous and corresponded to
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE5EFCDE82D09A49E" baseAuthorityName="Natterer" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[413,600,1227,1260]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gymnonotus">P. gymnonotus</taxonomicName>
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. Fossil records of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE727CDE82CECA49E" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[853,957,1227,1260]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davyi">P. davyi</taxonomicName>
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are reported from
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<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79153FFEFE0BDCDE82A4FA49E" box="[1231,1310,1227,1260]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Bahia</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79153FFEFE4DBCDD12FA7A561" box="[169,246,1266,1299]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Goias</collectingRegion>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE558CDD12E28A561" box="[298,377,1266,1299]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE5B7CDD12DC0A561" box="[453,657,1266,1299]" name="Tobago Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Tobago Island</collectingCountry>
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. Based on fossil records, its distribution was more extensive in the late Quaternary than it is today. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4DBCC652A0AA672" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="synonymic_list">
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||
<caption id="DF70D6DD9153FFEFE4DBCC652A0AA672" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419804" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6419804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419804/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" targetBox="[167,759,607,1022]" targetPageId="4">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4DBCC652D6BA511" blockId="4.[167,1377,1030,3116]" box="[169,570,1350,1379]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
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||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE4DBCC652D6BA511" bold="true" box="[169,570,1350,1379]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4DBCC4E2E32A5AB" blockId="4.[167,1377,1030,3116]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE4DBCC4E2E32A5AB" authority="J. E. Gray, 1838" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="davyi" subSpecies="davyi">P.d.davyiJ.E.Gray,1838—Nicaragua,CostaRica,NColombia,andNVenezuela;LesserAntillesonMarie-Galante,Dominica,Martinique,St.Lucia,Grenada,Trinidad,andCuracao.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4DBCCFC2A0AA672" blockId="4.[167,1377,1030,3116]" box="[169,1371,1503,1536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE4DBCCFC2D5FA672" authority=". D. Smith, 1972" authorityName="]. D. Smith" authorityYear="1972" box="[169,526,1503,1536]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="davyi" subSpecies="incae">P. d. incae]. D. Smith, 1972</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79153FFEFE65FCCFC2D26A672" box="[557,631,1503,1536]" country="Peru" name="Piura" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Piura</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79153FFEFE6F7CCFC2C69A672" box="[645,824,1503,1536]" country="Peru" name="Lambayeque" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Lambayeque</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79153FFEFE7F0CCFC2B42A672" box="[898,1043,1503,1536]" country="Peru" name="Cajamarca" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Cajamarca</collectingRegion>
|
||
departments, NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE167CCFC2A06A672" box="[1301,1367,1503,1536]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4DACF252D8EA7C1" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4DACF252D8EA7C1" blockId="4.[167,1377,1030,3116]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE4DACF252EF0A655" bold="true" box="[168,417,1542,1575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body ¢.50-57 mm, tail 18-25 mm, ear 16-19 mm, hindfoot 9-12 mm, forearm 46-50 mm; weight 8-11 g. Dorsal fur under wing membranes is longer than ventral fur. Hairs are usually unicolored or only slightly bicolored, varying from grayish to reddish brown. Rostrum is very broad, with wide and concave nasals. Individuals of subspecies incae are overall larger than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE077CF872B19A6B7" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[1029,1096,1700,1733]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davyi">davyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some external and cranial features are shared with the other species currently recognized in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69153FFEFE4DBCFD02E7DA766" box="[169,300,1779,1812]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteronotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
: wing membranes fused dorsally at midline; ears pointed, with anteromedial edge of pinna smooth (lacking serrations); skull rostrum noticeably upturned in lateral profile and shorter than one-half total length of skull; braincase oblong and basioccipital region broad between auditory bullae; and lower incisors reduced in size and trilobed. Condylo-basal lengths are 14-4-15-7 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4DBCE9A2DB3A8ED" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4DBCE9A2DB3A8ED" blockId="4.[167,1377,1030,3116]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE4DBCE9A2E49A7A8" bold="true" box="[169,280,1977,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Tropical thorn forest, semideciduous forest, woodlands, and swamps. Davy’s Naked-backed Bat usually forages over water and near vegetation. It is sensitive to ambient temperatures below 15°C; it thermoregulates efficiently and usually maintains high body temperature (c.38°C) in warm environments. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE788C10C2B6CA822" box="[1018,1085,2095,2128]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, subspecies incae occurs at higher elevations (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF72BB09153FFEFE6F6C1752DA1A805" box="[644,752,2134,2167]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</quantity>
|
||
) on western slope of Andes and might be adapted to tolerate colder temperatures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4DBC1852EE3A89C" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4DBC1852EE3A89C" blockId="4.[167,1377,1030,3116]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE4DBC1852EFDA8B5" bold="true" box="[169,428,2214,2247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Diet of Davy’s Naked-backed Bat includes lepidopterans, dipterans, and dermapterans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4DBC1D72A63A94F" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4DBC1D72A63A94F" blockId="4.[167,1377,1030,3116]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE4DBC1D72E7EA967" bold="true" box="[169,303,2292,2325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE514C1D72EA0A967" box="[358,497,2292,2325]" name="Dominica" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, pregnant Davy’s Naked-backed Bats were observed in March and one lactating female in July. Ajuvenile was reported in September in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE0C5C03F2A7FA94F" box="[1207,1326,2332,2365]" name="Curaçao" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Curacao</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4D5C0602DB1AA58" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4D5C0602DB1AA58" blockId="4.[167,1377,1030,3116]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE4D5C0602EC9A916" bold="true" box="[167,408,2371,2404]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Davy’s Naked-backed Bats seem to be crepuscular, being the first to leave caves at dusk in multispecies assemblages. They prefer roosting in large and warm caves. Echolocation calls during search phase consist of short CF-FM pulses of c.4-5 milliseconds, with up to three harmonics. Second harmonic is frequently most intense, starting with a CF component of 68-70 kHz, followed by a FM sweep, and ending in a QCF segment averaging 54 kHz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4DBC3132CABAB64" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4DBC3132CABAB64" blockId="4.[167,1377,1030,3116]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE4DBC3132C33AA23" bold="true" box="[169,866,2608,2641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Davy’s Naked-backed Bats frequently share large and warm caves with other mormoopids, phyllostomids, and natalids. Males and females apparently roost in the same areas of caves. They select areas of caves that minimize ventilation and maximize temperature. There are no records of long-range movements by Davy’s Naked-backed Bat, but it is the only mormoopid inhabiting islands of the Lesser Antilles farther from the coast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4D8C23F2C9FAB17" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4D8C23F2C9FAB17" blockId="4.[167,1377,1030,3116]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE4D8C23F2D40AB4F" bold="true" box="[170,529,2844,2877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Davy’s Naked-backed Bat is classified as endangered in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59153FFEFE721C2672C9BAB17" box="[851,970,2884,2917]" name="Curaçao" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Curacao</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9153FFEFE4D9C2572D71AC5E" pageId="4" pageNumber="438" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559153FFEFE4D9C2572D71AC5E" blockId="4.[167,1377,1030,3116]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479153FFEFE4D9C2572E15ABFF" bold="true" box="[171,324,2932,2957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="438">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Adams (1989), Bonaccorso et al. (1992), Czaplewski & Cartelle (1998), Davalos (2006), Eshelman & Morgan (1985), Fracasso & Salles (2005), GBIF Secretariat (2017), Genoways et al. (2001), Ibanez et al. (1999), Jennings et al. (2004), Lenoble, Bochaton et al. (2014), Mares & Wilson (1971), Mares et al. (1981), Patton & Gardner (2008), Pavan & Marroig, (2016), Pedersen et al. (2013), Petit et al. (2006), Simmons & Conway (2001), Smith (1972), Willig (1985).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |